film-How a Camera Works
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Transcript of film-How a Camera Works
How Your Camera Works
Path of LightLight Source
Lens
Film
Your Lens
• Moveable curved pieces of glass allow you to focus the light entering the camera
Aperture• How large the opening (iris) in the lens
is
• 1.8, 2, 2.8, 3.5, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22, 32
Depth of Field
• Area of the image that appears in focus from foreground to background
• Affected by aperture
Shutter
• Controls how long light passes through to the image sensor
• Can be as short as 1/500 second to 1 second or even minutes
• Be aware of lighting and it’s affect on the shutter speed
• Beware of shutter lag
Stopped Motion
Blurred Motion
Film
• Coated with a light sensitive chemical
• Chemical reaction occurs when the film is exposed to light
• Comes in different sensitivities called ISO
ISO
• International Standards Organization
• Measures the sensitivity of the sensor
• Higher ISO increases light sensitivity, but also increases grain
• 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200
Grain
• As the sensitivity of your film increases, so does the size of your grain
• This can be seen as an artistic effect, but it does degrade the details in your image
Small Grain
Large Grain(Grainy)
Flash
• To flash or not to flash
Beautiful non-flash lighting
Bad Flash UseGood Flash Use
Shooting Modes
Full Auto
• Your camera makes all the choices for you except how to frame the shot and when to press the shutter
Program Mode
• Your camera chooses aperture and shutter speed, but you have the ability to shift the aperture/shutter speed combo
Aperture Priority
• You choose the aperture and your camera choose an appropriate shutter speed
• Use this mode for if depth of field is important for your shot
Shutter Priority
• You decide the shutter speed and your camera chooses an appropriate aperture
• Use this mode if motion is important
Manual
• You make all the decisions based on your light meter’s reading
• On your cameras manual may only include choices on color, ISO, exposure compensation,etc.
Scene Modes
Preset Configurations
Portrait
• Softens the background while keeping your subject in sharp focus
Night Portrait
• Chooses flash and slower shutter speed to make both background and foreground visible
• Use in dark conditions when your subject is relatively close to the camera and you want the background to be visible
Landscape
• Keeps as much in focus as possible
• Sometimes this setting also sharpens digitally and/or enhances color
Night Landscape
• This setting turns off the flash and uses a slower shutter speed
• Requires a tripod
Beach/Snow & Backlight
• For photographing very bright subjects
• Sand and snow can be so bright that it confuses your camera-this leads to a too dark photo
• Backlight-when a very bright light comes from behind your subject
• This setting chooses an aperture and shutter speed based on the foreground subject
• May use flash to help lighten foreground
Close Up/Macro
• Allows for close up shots
Sports
• Freezes action with a fast shutter speed
Drive Settings
• One shot
• Multiple shot blast
• Self timer