FILM HISTORY The Beginnings. Photography The first photograph Taken in 1826 By Joseph Niepce.
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Transcript of FILM HISTORY The Beginnings. Photography The first photograph Taken in 1826 By Joseph Niepce.
FILM HISTORY
The Beginnings
Photography
The first photographTaken in 1826
By Joseph Niepce
Eadweard Muybridge
• Photographer hired in 1877 to prove a bet– A galloping horse has all
four hooves off the ground during stride
– Set up 24 cameras along a race track
– Experimented with motion sequences and set them up in viewing machines commonly called “Zoetropes.”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FYKZif9ooxs
Photography to Film
• Multiple cameras producing multiple still photos to
• One camera producing multiple photos– Glass plate to paper to flexible light sensitive
material – Ability to produce multiple photos in the
thousands
The Eye
• Persistence of Vision/Phi Phenomena– Motion is an optical illusion– The retina retains an image for a fraction of a
second– Early silent film was standardized at 16 frames per
second
George Eastman
• 1889 Perfected a process of nitro cellulose base on rolls that were transparent, thin, strong and standard in quality and began to manufacture them
THOMAS EDISON
• Laboratories in West Orange, New Jersey
• Invited Muybridge to his lab to demonstrate the Zoetrope device
• Interested in a visual accompaniment to his phonograph
Black Maria Studio (1893)-Kinetographic Theater
Early Edison Films
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rQk5RftSdF8
W.K.L. Dickson
• invented the motion picture camera Kinetograph (motion writer) and Kinetoscope (motion viewer).
• Produced short bits of motion for single viewers and charged a nickel
• Fred Ott’s Sneeze and the Rice-Irwin Kiss
Edison’s Kinetoscope
The Black Maria
• Edison’s studio in West Orange
• All black and rotated to stay with the sun
Technical Inventions
– American Perforation• Allowed film to run smoothly in cameras and
projection (Dickson)
– Latham Loop, patented by Thomas Armet (worked for Edison)
• Intermittent Movement: Allowed film to stop momentarily at the gate
Lumiere vs. Dickson
Latham Loop and Intermittent Movement
Lumiere
• Simple shots– Train leaving station– Workers leaving the
factory– Steady camera
observing action
– Realism
The Lumiere Brothers
• France 1895: Short Documentaries
George Melies
Melies
Scorsese’s Hugo (2011)
A Trip to the Moon
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_FrdVdKlxUk
Early Filmmakers
The Great Train Robbery 1903
Porter•First Narrative Film
•Worked for Edison
•1903
•One Reel ten minutes long
•First film with a storyline
•First film shot out of sequence/editing
•First Western
•First Smash Hit
Major Companies
• Edison• Biograph• Vitagraph• Essanay• Lubin
• Selig• Kalem• Melies• Pathe
Motion Picture Patents Company
• Nine major film companies
• Monopoly on Film• Exclusive contract
with Eastman Kodak• The General Film
Company for distribution
Birth of Cinema Short
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0jm6j3s_uE