Film Canister Lab. There are many ways to conduct science Examples: Observational- Field study Such...
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Transcript of Film Canister Lab. There are many ways to conduct science Examples: Observational- Field study Such...
There are many ways to conduct scienceExamples: Observational- Field study
Such as animal behavior “Experimental Research” – Conducts
controlled experiments. Tests one variable Different steps
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH“USUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH SCIENTIFIC METHOD”
One way of researching the natural world
Identify a Question or PurposeAfter observing the world around you, you can derive a problem that you want to find more about
Derive a question based on observation above that you would like to investigate.
AND/OR State purpose of experiment
Flip Book- Purpose/QuestionRationale
Gives focus to the investigation
Format
Purpose/Question: Statement or question
My Responsibility
Read for understanding
ExampleSee Film Canister Lab
Film Canister Lab-
Purpose/Question: Does changing the amount of water in the film canister change the reaction time?
Notice that the words purpose/question are underlined with a colon after the word “Question”
Background Information
Scientist research and become knowledgeable about the subject and investigation that they are going to test.They know and understand key concepts
relating to their topic .AND/OR
They know and understand other investigations that have already been conducted about their topic.
Flip Book- Background infoRationale
Provide facts to understand the investigation
FormatBackground Information: Paragraph of information
My Responsibility• Read• Take notes and highlight• Make connections
ExampleSee Film Canister Lab
Film Canister- Background Info
Cut and Glue in the Background Information for the Film Canister Lab
onto your Lab Paper.
Notice that the words Background Information are underlined with a colon after the word “Information”
Background Information:
Purpose/Question:
Background InformationThere's nothing like a little rocket science to add some excitement to
the day. Alka-Seltzer (an effervescence) is made of sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), citric acid, and acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). When you add water it starts to dissolve the Alka-Seltzer tablet. When the solid dry powders of sodium bicarbonate, citric acid, and acetylsalicylic acid are pressed together to make a tablet, being solids, the molecules are not mobile enough to react. Adding the right amount of water dissolves the chemicals and allows them to mingle and react. This creates a gas called carbon dioxide. As the carbon dioxide is being released, it creates pressure inside the film canister. The more gas that is made, the more pressure builds up until there is no more room in the film canister and the cap is blasted down and the canister is blasted up. The lid of the canister is the path of least resistance for the gas pressure building up inside, so it pops off instead of the stronger sides or bottom of the canister bursting open. We can thank Sir Isaac Newton for what happens next. When the build-up of carbon dioxide gas is too great and the lid pops off, Newton's Third Law explains why the film canister flies across the room: for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. The lid goes one way and the film canister shoots out of the tube in the opposite direction. This system of thrust is how a real rocket works whether it is in outer space or here in the earth's atmosphere. Of course, real rockets use rocket fuel.
Hypothesis A HYPOTHESIS is a tentative statement
that proposes a possible explanation to some phenomenon or event.
A hypothesis:Is written in an IF…Then … Because
statement.Relates two variables (the independent and
dependent).Is testable.
Flip Book-HypothesisRationale
Clear, testable statement
FormatHypothesis: If ____________________ (Independent Variable)
___________, then the ______________ _______ (changes) (Dependent Variable) (Changes)
because ________________________. (based on background info)
**** Do NOT use I, we, me, etc.****
My ResponsibilityForm an educated guess based on background information and prior knowledge
ExampleSee Film Canister Lab
Identify Variables Independent Variable- the factor that
you manipulate, the factor that you change or monitor in an experiment. Cause X-axisAnswers the question: What do I
change/test?
Dependent Variable- the factor that changes in response to the independent variable, the results, the outcome that is being measured or observed in an experiment. EffectY-axisAnswers the questions: What do I
measure/observe for results?
Variables Continued Constant Variables- During the experiment to
only test one variable OR the independent variable scientists use CONSTANTS.Constants are factors in an experiment that
stay the same throughout the whole experiment.
Answers the question: What do I keep the same?
Flip Book- VariablesRationale
Necessary to have a controlled experiment
FormatVariables: Independent: ONE Dependent: ONE Constants: At least two
My Responsibility• Identify one independent variable
• What do I change/test?• Identify one dependent variable (the
results)• What do I measure/observe for results?
• Identify at least two constants• These MUST stay the same through
ALL trials
ExampleSee Film Canister Lab
Film Canister- Hypothesis
Background Information:
Purpose/Question:
Hypothesis: If the amount of water is increased then the reaction time of the lid popping off will decrease because there is less room in the canister for the pressure to build therefore popping off earlier. Variables:
Film Canister Lab- Variables
Background Information:
Purpose/Question:
Hypothesis:
Variables: Independent: Amount of Water (mL) Dependent: Reaction time(seconds) Constants: Brand of effervescent tablet. Amount of effervescent tablet
MaterialsA detailed list of all the equipment
and materials needed to conduct the experiment.
You must be specific and methodical so that someone could exactly duplicate your experiment.
Use brand names and/or numbers for every single item on your list
Bullet the list with the details listed at the end of each item
Flip Book- MaterialsRationale
Lists all equipment and materials used during an investigation
FormatMaterials:• Needs to be bullet points• Brand names• Quantities
My ResponsibilityGather listed equipment and materials
ORIdentify and gather the equipment and materials
ExampleSee Film Canister lab
Film Canister- Materials
Background Information:
Purpose/Question:
Hypothesis:
Variables:
Materials:• 2 Alka-Seltzer tablets• 1 film canister with cap• 1 graduated cylinder• 1 thermometer• 1 timer/stopwatch• 100 mL of tap water• Paper towels to clean up mess
Notice that the materials are bulleted and listed one after another.
ProcedureWrite a detailed and precise procedure that
includes the correct sequence of steps to be taken
The procedure should be specific and methodical so that another experimenter could duplicate the experiment without having to ask you ANY questions! Write for one level of the independent
variable and add repetitions for repeated trials
Written in step by step form using numbers
Flip Book- ProcedureRationale
Logical, detailed steps written so that another scientist could duplicate the exact lab
FormatProcedure:1. Listed in numerical
steps2. Include multiple
trials when applicable
3. Can use “repeat” for multiple trials
My ResponsibilityFollow the detailed steps exactly
AND/ORWrite the detailed steps to be followed
ExampleSee Film Canister Lab
Film Canister- Procedure
Cut and Glue in the Procedure for the Film
Canister Lab onto your Lab Paper.
Procedure:1. Break the tablet in half.2. Measure 10 mL of tap water3. Measure the temperature of the water.4. Pour the 10 mL of tap water into the film canister.5. Add one half of the tablet to a film canister. 6. Quickly cap the canister and turn upside down so the cap is resting on the table. 7. Measure the time it takes to pop the top and record in the data
table. 8. Repeat steps 2-7 for one more trial. 9. Repeat steps 2-8 for 20 mL of water. Notice that the procedures
are numbered and listed one after another.
DataExcellent way to organize and show trends in data. Many types of graphs to show data.
Data TableDrawingsGraphs
○ Bar graph- most common, best when I.V. is not numerical.
○ Line graph-mostly used when you have numerical I.V. and D.V.
Flip Book-DataRationale
Used to organize the results of an investigation and used to identify trends and patterns in an investigation
FormatData Table:
Graph:
My ResponsibilityAccurately collect and record data in an organized format (chart, table, graph, drawing, etc.)
ExampleSee Film Canister Lab
IV- DV- Constants
Trial 1 Trial 2 Mean
Title:
I.V.:
D.V
.:
Film Canister- Data
Cut and Glue in the Data Table for the Film Canister Lab onto your Lab
Paper.
Procedure:
Data Table:
IV- Amount of Water- mL
DV- Time in seconds Constants
Trial 1 Trial 2 Mean Amount of tablet
Temp of water
10 mL
20 mL
Film Canister - GraphProcedure:Data Table:
Graph:
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 2212
13
14
15
16
17
18
(10, 16.41)
(20, 13.22)
(10, 17.59)
(20, 13.16)
(10, 15.22)
(20, 13.28)
Canister Reaction Time for Different Amounts of Water and Alka-Seltzer
Trial 1
Trial 2
Mean
Amount of Water (mL)
Tim
e (s
)
THIS IS OUR
EXAMPLE GRAPH MAKE YOUR
OWN WITH YOUR OWN
DATA!!!
0
This zig-zag is to be used when intervals on the Y-axis start later than zero and may only be used ONE time from the zero to the start number
Conclusion Paragraph or several paragraphs stating:
whether the data supported the hypothesis or not, the major findings including evidence from your data, include trends present in data, what happened that was unexpected (if any) and possible reasons why.
Also include any recommendations that would improved your experimentRemember that science is done by humans so what are
some human errors? Things you might not have been aware of before the experiment and know now that you would do differently.
Could also include possible things for further study
Flip Book- ConclusionRationale
Analyze and summarize the investigation to determine if the hypothesis has been supported
FormatConclusion:
THIS IS IN PARAGRAPH FORM- Use transition words between sentences
• Begin by restating the purpose. • Restate the hypothesis and include whether or
not the hypothesis was supported or unsupported.
• State and interpret the major findings from the investigation. This will act as the evidence to justify the claim (hypothesis was supported or unsupported). Include data from the lab and readings.
• Include any errors that might have occurred that would impact the results of the investigation, and any recommendations that may have improved the investigation.
• End with an application statement (real world connection or in class connection).
ExampleSEE FILM CANISTER LAB
My ResponsibilityWrite a paragraph or several paragraphs stating the major findings of the investigation and whether or not the hypothesis has been supported
Film Canister- Conclusion
Procedure:
Data Table:
Graph:
Conclusion:Using the sentence starters provided, complete the conclusion for this experiment.