Filipino Value System

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FILIPINO VALUE SYSTEM

Transcript of Filipino Value System

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• FILIPINO VALUE SYSTEM

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Models of Filipino valuesF. Landa Jocano - identified two models of the

Filipino value system. The first is the

exogenous model or the foreign model, while the second is the indigenous model or the traditional model.

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Filipino values in a fourfold sense:

1. although mankind shares universal

human values, it is obvious that certain values take on for us a distinctively Filipino flavor. The Greek ideal of moderation or meden agan, the Roman in medio stat virtus, the Confucian and Buddhist "doctrine of the Middle", find their Filipino equivalent in hindi labis, hindi kulang, katamtaman lamang.

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Filipino values in a fourfold sense:

2. when we speak of Filipino values, we do not mean that elements of these Filipino values are absent in the value systems of other peoples and cultures.

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Filipino values in a fourfold sense:

3. universal human values in a Filipino context (historical, cultural, socio-economic, political, moral and religious) take on a distinctive set of Filipino meanings and motivations.

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Filipino values in a fourfold sense:4. The Filipino concept of justice has evolved

from inequality to equality, and to human dignity; from the tribe, to the family, and to the nation. Filipino consciousness of these different values varies at different periods of our history. It is only in the last two decades that the Filipino people have become more conscious of overpopulation and family planning, environmental pollution (Kawasaki sintering plant) and wildlife conservation (Calauit Island), and the violation of human rights (Martial Law), active non-violence and People Power (1986 non-violent Revolution).

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Generally, there are Six types of Value System: Theoretical - places high importance on discovery

of truth through a critical and rational approach. Economic - emphasizes on the useful and practical

form of values. Aesthetic - places highest value on form and

harmony Social - highest value is given to love of people Political - emphasizes on acquisition of power and

influence. Religious - concerned with unity of experience and

understanding of cosmos as a whole.

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FILIPINO CULTURAL VALUES: (The Filipinos have different kinds of values, such as):

1. hospitable to their guests and kind to other people.

2. The Filipino children are very respectful to elders especially their parent. They take their hand and hit it gently in their foreheads. They do this every time they meet an elder or a sign of respecting them.

3. Many Filipino cultural values reflect the desire to be together as a group.

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* Many Filipino cultural values reflect the desire to be together as a group:

examples are:

a. pakikisama. This is the ability to get along in a group, and to enjoy camaraderie and togetherness. One who understands pakikisama will yield to group opinion and sacrifice individual welfare for group welfare.

b. utang na loob. This is the Filipino obligation to repay a debt or favor upon request, and repay it with interest. Every Filipino has utang na loob to someone, while others have utang na loob to him. Filipinos also believe strongly in suki, which is the building of personal bonds between businesses and customers and loyal patronage.

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FILIPINO CULTURAL VALUES: (The Filipinos have different kinds of values, such as):

4. Filipinos believe strongly in saving face.This is why, in response to an invitation,

when a Filipino says yes, it might mean “yes”, but could mean “maybe”, or even “I don’t know.” It is often difficult for Filipinos to bring themselves to say no, and it is a good idea to confirm a dinner invitation several times to ensure that they did not say yes because they could not find a proper way to say no.

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Examples of saving face are:a.amor propio, - which means self respect;b.Hiya - which means shame.

A Filipino would be thought of as lacking amor propio if, for example, they accepted criticism weakly or did not offer honored guests the proper hospitality. Hiya is felt by those whose actions are seen as socially unacceptable, and one of the ultimate insults in Philippine society is to be labeled walang-hiya, which roughly translates to being shameless.

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FILIPINO CULTURAL VALUES: (The Filipinos have different kinds of values, such as):

5. Another value that is common in Philippine culture is bahala na - which means, literally, leaving things to God. It indicates the Filipino’s fatalistic view of life, and is a way of coping with conflicts that can result from tight kinship within groups. By adopting this attitude, one lets the circumstance take care of itself.

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Generally, common Filipino Cultural Values are:1. Irrationalism. This refers to a certain superstitious beliefs of Filipinos that still practiced up to now. People still believed in gods of the nature and spirits and offer them foods and placate the sprits to heal the illness and provide them a good harvest.

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Another common Filipino Cultural Values:

2. Social Belongingness. Filipinos want to be accepted by the group or to the community, so, sometimes Filipinos are doing things just to please somebody. We are not true to ourselves. Sometimes we avoided to be franked to others just not hurt others feelings, because we are so sensitive.

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Another common Filipino Cultural Values:

3. Close family ties. The family is the most important in our life. We are totally dependent with our family. We are doing things for the common good or for the benefits of the family. Children should obey their parents because if they will defy parental advises it will bring misfortune or their life becomes tragic.

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Another common Filipino Cultural Values:

4. Sense of debt gratitude. In Filipino term, it is “utang na loob”. We are obliged to do something in return for what others do for us. We are very particular in stressing this owing a debt of gratitude, that’s why we are always expecting for repayment. This value has been taken advantage by others especially the politicians. This “utang na loob” may result to faithfulness and a cause for graft and corruption.

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Another common Filipino Cultural Values:

5. Emphasis on authority. Father is the head of the family; Mayor is the head of the town and whatsoever. We give more emphasis to what the person is. The status of the person depends on his wealth and acquisition of land.

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Another common Filipino Cultural Values:

6. Personal improvement. Most Filipinos are aiming to raise their family in standard living. We believed that we will obtain success only when we will finish our education. Education has played a major role in obtaining success that’s why parents would sacrifice themselves just to send their children to school. In return, older brother and sister would help their younger ones to go to school and would not get married until they help their parents.

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Another common Filipino Cultural Values:

7. "Mano po“ - "Mano po" (pronounced mah-noh poh) refers to a physical gesture of taking the hand of an elder and bringing it towards your forehead. This is a sign of respect for the elder and is usually done at the point of greeting or farewell. Children are expected to perform this gesture towards adult relatives & adult family friends. Failure to perform "mano po" would be considered as disrespectful.

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Another common Filipino Cultural Values:8. "Kuya" or "Ate“. The Filipino culture is very big on respect. The older an individual is, the more they call for respect. The term 'kuya' (pronounced koo-yah) refers to an older male person; it means 'big brother.' Its verbal usage indicates that you respect the older male and recognize the difference in age.

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Another common Filipino Cultural Values:

9. The power of the eyebrows.In American culture, the eyebrows usually convey emotion via a variety of facial expressions. In Filipino culture, raising your eyebrows can also communicate a positive affirmation of "yes" when a yes/no question have been asked. So, should a Filipino fail to verbally answer your question, look at their eyebrows before feeling like you were being ignored. In reality, they may just be answering you non-verbally through the raising of their eyebrows. Raising your eyebrows accompanied with strong eye contact can also serve as a greeting or farewell to an individual you cannot physically touch.

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Another common Filipino Cultural Values:

10. ningas-kugon / ningas kugon - "flaming cogon grass" = quickly going up in flames, refers to the Filipino cultural trait of very enthusiastically starting things, but then quickly losing enthusiasm soon after.

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Categories of Filipino Values:a.Core Value or kapwa: (kapwa, means “togetherness”) – is the core construct of Filipino Psychology.Two categories of Kapwa:1.Ibang tao (“outsider”): there are five domains* pakikitungo (civility)* pakikisalamuha (act of mixing)* Pakikilahok (act of joining)* Pakikisama (being united with the group)* Pakikibagay (conformity)2.Hindi Ibang Tao (“one – of – us”): there are three domains* pakikipagpalagayang-loob (act of mutual trust)* Pakikisangkot (act of joining others)* Pakikipagkaisa ( being one with others)

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Categories of Filipino Values:

b. Pivotal Interpersonal Value

* Pakiramdam ( Shared inner perception).

Filipinos use damdam, or the inner perception of others’ emotions, as a basic tool to guide his dealings with other people.

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Categories of Filipino Values:

c. Linking Socio-personal Value

* kagandahang-Loob ( Shared humanity).This refers to being able to help

other people in dire need due to a perception of being together as a part of one Filipino humanity.

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Categories of Filipino Values:

d. Accommodative Surface values* Hiya (Loosely translated as “Shame”) , by Western psychologists, hiya is actually “Sense of Propriety” (sense of good conduct or behavior)* Utang na Loob (norm of Reciprocity). Filipinos are expected by their neighbors to return favors – whether these were asked for or not – when it is neded or wanted.* Pakikisama and Pakikipagkapwa (SIR - Smooth Interpersonal relationship). This attitude is primarily guided by conformity with the majority.

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e. Confrontative Surface values* Bahala Na (This attitude, loosely translated

into English as “FATALISTIC PASSIVENESS”). This actually describes the Filipino way fo life, in which, he is determined to do his best, hence, the term bahala na, which actually came from the phrase “Bathalan Na” – which means “I will do all my best, let God take care of the rest”.

* Lakas ng Loob – This attitude is characterized by being courageous in the midst of problems and uncertainties.

* Pakikibaka (in English, it means CONCURRENT CLASHES. It refers to the ability of the Filipino to undertake revolutions and uprisings against a common enemy.

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Filipino Society & Culture

A.Filipino Family ValuesThe family is the centre of the social structure and includes the nuclear family, aunts, uncles, grandparents, cousins and honorary relations such as godparents, sponsors, and close family friends. People get strength and stability from their family. As such, many children have several godparents. Concern for the extended family is seen in the patronage provided to family members when they seek employment.It is common for members of the same family to work for the same company. In fact, many collective bargaining agreements state that preferential hiring will be given to family members.

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Filipino Society & Culture

B. Filipino Concept of Shame Hiya is shame and is a motivating factor behind behaviour. It is a sense of social propriety and conforming to societal norms of behaviour. Filipinos believe they must live up to the accepted standards of behaviour and if they fail to do so they bring shame not only upon themselves, but also upon their family. One indication of this might be a willingness to spend more than they can afford on a party rather than be shamed by their economic circumstances. If someone is publicly embarrassed, criticized, or does not live up to expectations, they feel shame and lose self-esteem.

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Etiquette & Customs:

A. Meeting EtiquetteInitial greetings are formal and follow a set protocol of greeting the eldest or most important person first. A handshake, with a welcoming smile, is the standard greeting. Close female friends may hug and kiss when they meet. Use academic, professional, or honorific titles and the person's surname until you are invited to use their first name, or even more frequently, their nickname.

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Etiquette & Customs:B. Gift Giving EtiquetteIf you are invited to a Filipino home for dinner bring sweets or flowers to the hosts. If you give flowers, avoid chrysanthemums and white lilies. You may send a fruit basket after the event as a thank you but not before or at the event, as it could be interpreted as meaning you do not think that the host will provide sufficient hospitality. Wrap gifts elegantly as presentation is important. There are no color restrictions as to wrapping paper. Gifts are not opened when received.

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Etiquette & Customs:C. Dining Etiquette: (If you are invited to a Filipino's house):It is best to arrive 15 to 30 minutes later than invited for a large party. Never refer to your host's wife as the hostess. This has a different meaning in the Philippines. Dress well. Appearances matter and you will be judged on how you dress. Compliment the hostess on the house. Send a handwritten thank you note to the hosts in the week following the dinner or party. It shows you have class.

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Etiquette & Customs:D. Table mannersWait to be asked several times before moving into the dining room or helping yourself to food. Wait to be told where to sit. There may be a seating plan. Do not start eating until the host invites you to do so.Meals are often served family- style or are buffets where you serve yourself. A fork and spoon are the typical eating utensils. Hold the fork in the left hand and use it to guide food to the spoon in your right hand. Whether you should leave some food on your plate or finish everything is a matter of personal preference rather than culture-driven.