File Access in Novell Open Enterprise Server 2 SP2
description
Transcript of File Access in Novell Open Enterprise Server 2 SP2
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File Access in Novell® Open Enterprise Server 2 SP2/SP3
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Haripriya SDistinguished [email protected]
Praveen GProduct [email protected]
Girish KSSoftware [email protected]
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Agenda
• Objectives
• File Access: the present and the future
• File Access Protocols: NCP™, AFP, CIFS, Samba, FTP
• Making them all work together
• Troubleshooting
• Question and Answer
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Objectives
• To provide a view into the various file access methods available with Novell® Open Enterprise Server 2 SP2 and SP3
• To provide information on the various file access protocols – AFP, CIFS, NCP™, FTP, Samba – and their capabilities
• To look at ways to deploy and troubleshoot the various protocols for high availability, multi-protocol access, auditing, high performance
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File Access ProtocolsThe Present and the Future
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High Level Features
• AFP– Novell® Open Enterprise Server 2 SP2
Cross protocol file locking support between NCP™, AFP and CIFS
> Auditing Support
– OES 2 SP3> Enhanced Auditing> Improved reliability
– Future release> Support for spotlight on MAC> Kerberos support> DST support
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High Level Features
• CIFS– Novell® Open Enterprise Server 2 SP2
> Cross protocol file locking support between NCP™, AFP and CIFS> DFS support > Auditing support
– OES 2 SP3> NTLM v2 support> DST support> Domain passthrough authentication> CIFS context search to be LDAP enabled> Enhanced Auditing support
– Future release> Kerberos support> CIFS – DSFW support
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High Level Features
• NCP™
– Novell® Open Enterprise Server 2 SP2> Cross protocol file locking support between NCP, AFP, and CIFS> Trustee change synchronization with eDirectory™ - Deletion and rename of
trustees> Auditing support for NCP file events> Salvage support for non-LUM users
– OES 2 SP3> NCP volumes read only support functionality> Add the ability to disable logins per volume and automated “clear connection”
– Future release> Improved performance
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High Level Features
• Pure-FTP
– Novell® Open Enterprise Server 2 SP2
> Remote Server Navigation support
– OES 2 SP3
> Support FTP Share on a locally mounted Novell Storage Services™ volume
> Support for multiple instances of Pure-FTP instances running either on different or a same node within a cluster
– Future release
> FTP common home dir option
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When to Use Which Protocol?
• Scenario 1 – Novell Storage Services™ file system, Rich trustee model and rights inheritance → YES– Resource Forks → YES– NCP™ client → YES– Significant number of MACs and Windows clients → YES– Directory → eDirectory™
• Novell® AFP, Novell CIFS, Novell NCP• Scenario 2
– NSS file system– Resource Forks, Rich trustee model and rights inheritance → NO– Novell client → NO– Significant number of MACs and Windows clients → YES– Directory → DSfW
• Samba
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When to Use Which Protocol?
• Scenario 3 – Novell Storage Services™ file system
– Rich trustee model and rights inheritance → NO
– Resource Forks → YES
– Novell® client → NO
– Significant number of MACs and Windows clients → YES
– Directory → eDirectory™
• Novell AFP, Samba• Scenario 4
– NSS file system, Rich trustee model and rights inheritance → YES
– Resource Forks - YES
– Novell client → NO
– Significant number of MACs and Windows clients → YES
– Directory → DSfW
• Novell AFP, Samba – authentication/authorization, Novell CIFS - file access
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File Access ProtocolsArchitecture, Capabilities
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Novell® Open Enterprise Server 2File SystemsTypes and Access Protocols
• Multiple choices for File Systems– Novell Storage Services™
– Posix File-Systems: Ext3, Reiser, XFS
• Multiple choices for File Access Protocols– NCP™ - Novell NCP
– CIFS/SMB – Novell CIFS, Samba
– AFP – Novell AFP
– HTTP – NetStorage, Apache
– FTP – PureFTP with Novell changes
– NFS – Linux NFS
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• Novell NCP Server for Linux enables support for– Login scripts, – Mapping drives, and...– Other services commonly associated with Novell Client™
• Services included with NCP (NetWare® Core Protocol)– File access and locking– Tracking of resource allocation– Event notification– Connection and communication management– Legacy print services and queue management, and...– Network management
Novell® NCP™ Server
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Novell® NCP™ Server (cont.)
• NCP Server can run in front of POSIX Filesystems– EXT3, Reiser
– Virtual File System (VFS) layer
– Lossy mapping from Novell rights to POSIX attributes
• NCP Server can run in front of Novell Storage Services™ filesystems
– Complete mapping for Novell rights and trustees
• Moving users from NetWare® to Linux– With Open Enterprise Server 2, you no longer need to
Linux enable the user just to run a Linux server
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NCP™ Server Architecture
CLI tools NCPServer
eDirectory
NSS posix
trusteefile
NW Rights+ Cache
libmanagus
_admin
iManagerPlugin
POSIX
IPC
CIM
IPC
NRM
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Novell® CIFS
• Novell CIFS was developed in Novell Open Enterprise Server 2 SP1
– To address the scale issues in Samba– To provide the complete NetWare® trustee model– Avoid LUM enabling
• Novell CIFS capabilities in SP2/SP3– Complete support for cross-protocol locking– Increased performance– Better reliability in clustered environments– Support for auditing– Support for NTLMv2 authentication (SP3)– Support for Dynamic Storage Technology (SP3)
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Novell® CIFS Architecture
CLI toolsNCP
Server
eDirectory
NSS CASAstore
trusteefile
CIFSServer
NW Rights+ Cache
libmanagus
_admin
iManagerPlugin ldap
dclient (ncp)
ncp-rpc
POSIX
IPC
CIM
IPC
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Novell® CIFSLinux Implementation
• Install and Configuration– YaST install– Configuration using iManager, command-line tools
• Design details– Stand-alone server communicating with eDirectory™ and NCP™ server– Requires NCP Server on the same box, but no local eDirectory™ replica required– Uses standard POSIX interfaces, supports Novell Storage Services filesystem– Uses trustee.xml file managed by the NCP server
• User access for CIFS– Any eDirectory user with universal password enabled– User contexts to be configured for the CIFS server– LUM-enabling of eDirectory users is not required
• Unsupported– Interoperability with Domain Services for Windows on the same server
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Novell® AFP
• Novell AFP
– To support Mac clients
• Novell AFP capabilities in SP2/SP3
– Cross-protocol locking
– Better scalability and reliability
– Audit support
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Apple Filing Protocol (Novell® AFP)Architecture
NSS CASAstore
CIMProvider
NCPServer
eDirectory
AFPServeriManager
Plugin ncp-rpc
nmas-ldapxplat (ncp)
zAPI
conffile
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Apple Filing Protocol (Novell® AFP)Linux Implementation • Install and Configuration
– YaST install– Configuration using iManager, CIM providers for configuration and management
• Design details– Stand-alone server communicating with eDirectory™ for authentication and
authorization– Novell Storage Services™ file-system, resource forks fully supported, uses zAPI
• User access for AFP– Any eDirectory user with universal password enabled– User contexts to be configured for the AFP server– LUM-enabling of eDirectory users is not required
• Cross-protocol locking (CPL)– Byte-range locks and Share modes
• CPL supported across AFP, NCP™ and Samba
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Combined Protocols Architecture
NCPServer
eDirectory
NCP-RPC
NSS
zAPIposix
ncpCIFS Samba
Rights, trusteechanges, DST
events
SambaDB
Samba
AFPService
NovellCIFS
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Deploying Multiple Methods forFile Access• Data integrity
– Cross-protocol locking: AFP, CIFS, NCP™, Samba
• Commonly supported capabilities:– DST: Supported across CIFS, NCP, Samba in SP3, AFP?– Auditing: Supported in Novell® Open Enterprise Server 2 SP2 across
NCP, AFP, CIFS– DFS: Supported only by NCP, CIFS– LUM-less operation: NCP, AFP, CIFS, but not Samba
• Performance and scalability– TBD (NCP/Samba comparable, CIFS around 30% slower in SP2)– Scale: NCP: 20,000 connections, CIFS ~ 5,000 connections tested in
field, AFP: 500 connections
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Cross-Protocol Locking
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Cross Protocol File Locking
LockDB
/var/lib/samba/locking.tdb
NCP Server
CIFS Server
AFP Server
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Cross Protocol File Locking Configuration
• Enable CPFL
– ncpcon set CROSS_PROTOCOL_LOCKS=1
• Disable CPFL
– ncpcon set CROSS_PROTOCOL_LOCKS=0
• CPFL is enabled by default
– To ensure data integrity is always maintained
– If only one of the protocols is used, CPFL can be disabled
> Performance improved with CPFL disabled
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High AvailabilityNCS Clustering
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Clustering
• Why clustering?
– Increased availability of services and data
– Service and storage consolidation
– Lower cost of operation
– Software and Hardware maintenance and upgrades
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Configuring CIFS in a ClusterA Case Study
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Configuring CIFS in a Cluster
• Load scriptnovcifs --add --vserver=virtualserverFDN –ip-addr=virtualserverip
• Unload scriptnovcifs --remove --vserver=virtualserverFDN --ip-addr=virtualserverip
• CIFS attributes for the virtual servernfapCIFSServerNamenfapCIFSAttachnfapCIFSCommentnfapCIFSShares
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Using a Preexisting Cluster Poolfor CIFS • Select CIFS under advertising protocols
• Offline the pool server
• Download cifsPool.py script from http:
• Run the following command
python cifsPool.py Resource_DN CIFS_Server_Name ldaps://ldapserver:636 Admin_DN Admin_password
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TroubleshootingCIFS in a Cluster• If the CIFS server proxy user is in a different context,
the cluster administrator should give access to the cifs cluster attributes on virtual server object.
o=root
ou=users context, o=root ou = servers context,o=root
Virtual server object
cn=proxy user,ou=users context,o=root
Assign rights here
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TroubleshootingCIFS in a Cluster• Restart CIFS service whenever eDirectory™ service is
restarted
• You have to offline and online resource whenever cifs service is restarted on the node that currently serves cluster resource
– CIFS service will bind to the cluster resource IP
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Clustering - AFP
• Volumes in a cluster
– When a client connects to the server ip, both local and cluster enabled shared volumes are exported
– When a client connects to the cluster ip, then only cluster enabled shared volumes associated with the IP are exported
• Volume representation
– Machine name and volume name (e.g. server.afp_vol)
• Volume name management in a cluster
– Edit /etc/opt/novell/afptcpd/afpvols.conf on each cluster node. Syntax, Servername.VolumeName VolumeName
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Support for Distributed File Services
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DFS Support for CIFS
• CIFS on Novell® Open Enterprise Server 2 SP2 supports DFS junction that points to
– Root of Novell Storage Services™ volume
– Subdirectories in NSS volume
• Trustee rights are set both on the junction and the target of the junction
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Configuring DFS Support for CIFS
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DFS Support for AFP
• AFP service on Novell® Open Enterprise Server does not support DFS junctions
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Support for Dynamic Storage Technology
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Dynamic Storage Technology
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Benefits of Dynamic Storage Technology• Transparent file access to end users
• Policy based migration
• Faster and smaller backups of important data
• Efficient use of expensive devices
• Migrating files from an existing secondary volume
• Access to the secondary storage area without the performance penalties seen in HSM solutions
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Dynamic Storage TechnologyComponents
• NCP™ Engine
• CIFS Service
• Policy Engine
– Global
– Volume
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Dynamic Storage TechnologyConfiguration
• Novell® Remote Manager
– http://server_IP_address:8008 or other_configured_port_number
• Command line utility ncpcon
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Dynamic Storage TechnologyNRM
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Dynamic Storage TechnologyGlobal Configuration
Manage NCP Services > Manage Server > Server Parameter Information
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Dynamic Storage Technology
• Cross protocol file locking should be enabled when DST volume is exported as CIFS and NCP™ share
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Authentication and Access Control
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CIFS Authentication
• Default configuration on Windows workstations
– Up to Windows XP – NTLMv1
– Windows Vista and Windows 7 – NTLMv2
• Configuration
– CIFS iManager
– Command line utility - novcifs
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CIFS AuthenticationConfiguration
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Miscellaneous
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Auditing
• File events auditing supported across – NCP™, AFP, CIFS
• Vigil interface– Kernel modules for capturing file events– Per-protocol kernel modules for mapping file events to protocol
events and users (for ncp, cifs)– vigil_dump: A sample tool to display audit messages– Can work with multiple auditing tools and reporting applications
• Sentinel– The client solution offered by Novell® which is integrated with vigil– Separate product
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