2004STANDARD POSTAGESTAMP CATALOGUE

ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTIETH EDITION IN SIX VOLUMES

VOLUME1UNITED STATESand Affiliated Territories

UNITED NATIONSCOUNTRIES OF THE WORLD

A-BEDITOR James E. Kloetzel

ASSOCIATE EDITOR William A. JonesASSISTANT EDITOR /NEW ISSUES & VALUING Martin J. Frankevicz

VALUING ANALYST Leonard J. GellmanDESIGN MANAGER Teresa M. Wenrick

IMAGE COORDINATOR Nancy S. Martin ELECTRONIC MEDIA MANAGER Mark KaufmanMARKETING/SALES DIRECTOR William Fay

ADVERTISING Renee DavisCIRCULATION/PRODUCT PROMOTION MANAGER Tim Wagner

EDITORIAL DIRECTOR/AMOS PRESS INC. Michael Laurence

Released April 2003Includes New Stamp Listings through the March, 2003 Scott Stamp Monthly Catalogue Update

Copyright 2003 by

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Copyright 2003 by Scott Publishing Co.

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Letter from the Editor ...................................................................................... 05AAcknowledgments ............................................................................................ 06AInformation on Philatelic Societies .................................................................... 07AExpertizing Services ......................................................................................... 11AInformation on Catalogue Values, Grade and Condition..................................... 12AGrading Illustrations ................................................................................ 13A, 14AGum Chart ...................................................................................................... 15ACatalogue Listing Policy ................................................................................... 17AUnderstanding the Listings ............................................................................... 18ASpecial Notices ................................................................................................. 20AAbbreviations ................................................................................................... 21ABasic Stamp Information ................................................................................... 22ATerminology ..................................................................................................... 30ACurrency Conversion ....................................................................................... 32ACommon Design Types .................................................................................... 33AThe British Commonwealth of Nations ..............................................................47AColonies, Former Colonies, Offices, Territories Controlled by Parent States ........49ABritish Colonial and Crown Agents Watermarks ............................................... 50ADies of British Colonial Stamps Referred to in the Catalogue .............................50A

United States ............................................................................................. 01Subject Index of Regular and Air Post Issues ..................................................... 101

United Nations ........................................................................................ 174

Countries of the World A-B ..................................................................... 202

2004 Volume 1 Catalogue Number Additions, Deletions & Changes ................ 1090Pronunciation Symbols ................................................................................... 1091Illustrated Identifier ......................................................................................... 1092Index and Identifier .............................................................................. 1104Dealer Directory Yellow Pages ..........................................................................1112Index to Advertisers ....................................................................................... 1118

See Volumes 2 through 6 for Countries of the World, C-Z

Trademark NoticeThe terms SCOTT, SCOTTS, SCOTT CATALOGUE NUMBERING SYSTEM, SCOTT CATA-LOGUE NUMBER, SCOTT NUMBER and abbreviations thereof, are trademarks of ScottPublishing Co., used to identify its publications and its copyrighted system for identifying andclassifying postage stamps for dealers and collectors. These trademarks are to be used onlywith the prior consent of Scott Publishing Co.

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Table of Contents

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Every month youll find: Entertaining and informative articles written by the hobbysleading authors and columnists.

The very latest information on the worlds new stamps in theCatalogue Update. Each month you get Scott numbers and pho-tos for nearly 1,000 stamps.

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Copyright 2003 by Scott Publishing Co.

LETTER FROM THE EDITOR 5A

Scott Publishing Co.911 VANDEMARK ROAD, SIDNEY, OHIO 45365 937-498-0802

James E. Kloetzel/Catalogue Editor

Dear Scott Catalogue User:An important new Scott product.Volume 1 of the 2004 Scott Standard Postage Stamp Catalogue

ushers in a new valuing product: the Scott enhanced ValuingSupplement for important U.S. stamps. This new product willappear twice each year at the same times as Volume 1 and the U.S.Specialized catalogs, which are issued in April and October, respec-tively. The Valuing Supplements may be purchased either separatelyfrom, or together with, the Volume 1 and U.S. Specialized catalogs.

The 2004 Volume 1 Valuing Supplement, now available, valuessound stamps in six different grades: Very Good, Fine, Fine-VeryFine, Very Fine, Extremely Fine and Superb. Each stamp is listed inthe conditions noted in the Volume 1 and U.S. Specialized catalogs,starting with used, then unused without gum, unused with originalgum, and mint never hinged. In all cases, the values for Very Finestamps (or other grades, where applicable) match those in theVolume 1 listings, as they also will match the updated values in theU.S. Specialized when the second edition is published in October tocoincide with that catalog.

The stamps that are valued in six different grades in the newValuing Supplement include Scott 1-715, including booklet panesand coils (as singles, pairs and line pairs), C1-C31, E1-E14, F1, J1-J87, K1-K18, O1-O126, PR1-PR125, Q1-Q12, JQ1-JQ5, QE1-QE4aand RW1-RW69A. Its amazing how such a thin volume can con-tain so much information, reflecting a tremendous amount ofresearch to establish the thousands of values contained therein, butwe know that there are many collectors who will appreciate thisspecialized valuing information.

What about the value changes in the 2004 Volume 1?Almost 13,500 value changes occur in this years Volume 1. The

stamps of the United States and its possessions lead the way with morethan 2,300 value changes, many being in the back-of-the-book material.

Value changes for the United States are centered mostly in therarer items, and most value changes are increases. There are manyincreases in the 1845-47 St. Louis Bears Postmaster Provisionals,Scott 11X1-11X8. However, the popular 1847 5 red brownFranklin, Scott 1, drops slightly to $550 used from $575 in the2003 U.S. Specialized catalog. The 1856 12 red brown, Scott 12,also slips slightly, to $950 used from $1,000 last year. Otherwise,most value changes for early used or unused stamps with originalgum are increases. There are some large value increases for moreclassic, seldom-seen errors such as double impressions and othervarieties that found their way to the market in 2002.

The leader in increases for the 2004 Volume 1 U.S. listingsundoubtedly is the unused coil pair of the 1908 2 carmine perf 12horizontally, Scott 321. With only four expertized pairs recorded,one of the two finest sold in late 2002 for $360,000, whichbecomes the new catalog value for the pair, now valued in thegrade of fine-very fine (as no higher grade is known).

Postal Stationery cut squares show considerable activity. Valueincreases include lower- and medium-valued items as well as thehigh-priced numbers. Positive activity also occurs in some of thehigher-valued Revenue stamps.

Wheres the action in the A-B countries?For the countries of the world A-B, Australia leads the way with

almost 1,600 changes, followed by Austria (almost 1,100), Albania(more than 750), and the United Nations with almost 700 valuechanges. All told, half of the A-B countries listed in Volume 1 havehad more than 100 values changed.

Value changes for the stamps of Australia are divided betweenthe Australian States (60 percent) and Australia proper (40 percent).New South Wales, with more than 400 changes, leads the way forthe Australian States. The general trend appears to be upward;however, the changes are usually small. There are exceptions, andsome stamps have moved up quite a bit, with the stamps of earlyVictoria from 1850-60 being an example. The 1-penny dull redimperf, Scott 1, picturing a seated Queen Victoria, climbs to $1,150

unused and $110 used in the 2004 catalogue, from $700 unusedand $75 used last year.

Because of the increased use of self-adhesive Australian stamps andthe corresponding decrease in the use of stamps with water-activatedgum, used values for the latter are rising. A number of used stampsissued in the 1990s have had their values increased to the pointwhere they are now the same as the mint, never-hinged values.

After Australia, other countries of the British Commonwealthwith more than 200 value changes are Antigua, Barbados, Aitutaki,Barbuda, Burma and Ascension. Collectors of these and otherCommonwealth countries need to check their particular countriesof interest for details. However, particular note should be paid toBarbuda where startling value increases have occurred in stampsissued between 1984-86. One example is the 8-stamp Antigua setoverprinted Barbuda Mail, Scott 678-685, picturing 20th CenturyWorld Leaders. This set soars to $24 both mint, never hinged andused in the 2004 catalog, from $4.80 both ways last year.

This year, Scott valuers have carefully examined the regularstamps of Austria from 1850 to 1971, and the back-of-the-bookmaterial up to 1945. This has resulted in almost 1,100 valuechanges. The stamps issued prior to 1920 show a very strongupward trend. However, stamps issued between 1945-70 show avalue trend that is mostly downward. We do, however, see increas-es in some used material issued just after WWII. The values for allmint, never-hinged military stamps are strongly higher. Many notespertaining to imperforate stamps now show values, and most exist-ing notes that did contain values now show increases.

Where are the editorial enhancements?The new U.S. major numbers for the compound perf 12x10 and

10x12 issues of 1914, first introduced in the 2003 U.S. Specializedcatalog, have been brought into Volume 1 of the Standard catalog.These are Scott 423A-423E, formerly Scott minor numbers 424a,424b, 425c, 425d and 428a. In addition, the 17 perf 10 on oneside error varieties, Scott 498g through 568c, have been added toVolume 1 for the first time.

U.S. color-omitted and color-missing errors are now differentiatedas to cause. This new feature also was introduced in the 2003 U.S.Specialized, and is now brought forward into Volume 1. See thenew section on page 31A of the introduction for an explanation ofthe new terminology.

In Albania, a new set has been added, Scott 1327A-1327E. This5-stamp set issued in 1970-71 pictures industrial plants.

For Australia, the official stamp with an inverted O.S. on the 5-pence King George V, Scott O10a, has been delisted because it is nowthought to be a forgery. Three new minor double-impression varietieshave been added to the stamps of Tasmania, Scott13d, 23c and 48a.

For Austria, three minors have been added to the 1919-20 issue,Scott 219-226, to identify additional perf 11.5 varieties. Two newvarieties that have been added to the 2004 catalog are Scott 196band 323b, a vertical pair imperforate between and a pair imperfo-rate between, respectively. The definitive set issued from 1993-95picturing scenes from monasteries has been closed and reordered toeliminate gaps in the numbering.

In Belgium, Scott Q487 has been changed to Scott 1848Abecause it is not a parcel post issue. Two recently issued sets fromBenin, Scott 1183-1189 and 1211-1217, have been deletedbecause it has been determined that they were both illegal issues.

Listings for never-hinged stamps have been added after unusedhinged sets throughout Volume 1, and footnotes throughout the cataloghave been added or modified. See the Volume 1 Number Additions,Deletions & Changes listing on page 1090 for other additions.

Happy collecting,

Copyright 2003 by Scott Publishing Co.

INTRODUCTION6A

AcknowledgmentsOur appreciation and gratitude go to the following individuals who have assisted us in prepar-ing information included in the 2004 Scott Catalogues. Some helpers prefer anonymity. Theseindividuals have generously shared their stamp knowledge with others through the mediumof the Scott Catalogue.Those who follow provided information that is in addition to the hundreds of dealer price listsand advertisements and scores of auction catalogues and realizations that were used in pro-ducing the catalogue values. It is from those noted here that we have been able to obtain infor-mation on items not normally seen in published lists and advertisements. Support from thesepeople goes beyond data leading to catalogue values, for they also are key to editorial changes.

A special acknowledgment to Lianeand Sergio Sismondo of The ClassicCollector for their extraordinary assis-tance and knowledge sharing that hasaided in the preparation of this yearsStandard and Classic SpecializedCatalogues.

Dr. Karl AgreDonald R. Alexander (China Stamp Society)A. R. Allison (Orange Free State Study

Circle)B. J. Ammel (The Nile Post)Robert Ausubel (Great Britain

Collectors Club)Dr. H.U. BantzJohn Barone (Stamptracks)Jack Hagop Barsoumian (International

Stamp Co.)Tim Bartshe (Philatelic Society for Greater

Southern Africa)William Batty-Smith (Sarawak

Specialists Society)Jules K. Beck (Latin American Philatelic

Society)Roger S. BrodyKeith & Margie BrownMike Bush (Joseph V. Bush, Inc.)Lawrence A. Bustillo (Suburban Stamp Inc.)A. Bryan Camarda (University Stamp Co.)Richard A. ChampagneHenry ChlandaBob CoaleLaurie ConradFrank D. CorrelAndrew Cronin (Canadian Society of

Russian Philately)William T. Crowe (The Philatelic

Foundation)Tony L. Crumbley (Carolina Coin & Stamp,

Inc.)Norman S. DavisTony DavisTom Derbyshire (University Stamp Co.)John DeStefanisKenneth E. DiehlBob Dumaine (Sam Houston Duck Co.)William S. DunnEsi EbraniPaul G. EckmanPeter R. FeltusLeon Finik (Loral Stamps)Henry FisherGeoffrey FlackJoseph E. Foley (Eire Philatelic Association)Jeffrey M. ForsterBob Genisol (Sultan Stamp Center)Daniel E. GrauFred F. GregoryMichael H. GrollnekHarry HagendorfCalvet M. HahnJoe Hahn (Paraguay Collectors Club)Erich E. Hamm (Philactica)Alan HanksJohn B. HeadBruce Hecht (Bruce L. Hecht Co.)

Robert R. HeglandLee H. Hill, Jr.Harold HiteArmen Hovsepian (ArmenStamp)Jack R. Hughes (Fellowship of Samoa

Specialists)Philip J. Hughes (Croatian Philatelic Society)Wilson HulmeKalman V. Illyefalvi (Society for Hungarian

Philately)Eric JacksonMichael Jaffe (Michael Jaffe Stamps, Inc.)Peter C. JeannopoulosRichard A. JohnsonAllan Katz (Ventura Stamp Company)Stanford M. KatzLewis KaufmanDr. James W. KerrCharles F. KezbersJuri Kirsimagi (Estonian Philatelic Society)Janet KlugWilliam V. KriebelJohn R. Lewis (The William Henry

Stamp Co.)Ulf Lindahl (Ethiopian Philatelic Society)William A. LitleGary B. Little (Luxembourg Collectors Club)Pedro Llach (Filatelia Llach, S.L.)B. Lucas (Iran Philatelic Study Circle)Dennis LynchNick Markov (Italia Stamp Co.)Marilyn R. MattkeWilliam K. McDanielMark S. MillerAllen Mintz (United Postal

Stationery Society)Chuck Q. MooWilliam E. MoozDavid Mordant (Postmark and Postal History

Society of Southern Africa)Gary M. Morris (Pacific Midwest Co.)Bruce M. Moyer (Moyer Stamps &

Collectibles)Richard H. Muller (Richards Stamps)James NataleVictor OstolazaDr. Everett L. Parker (St. Helena, Ascension

& Tristan da Cunha Philatelic Society)John E. Pearson (Pittwater Philatelic Service)John PedneaultDonald J. Peterson (International Philippine

Philatelic Society)Stanley M. Piller (Stanley M. Piller

& Associates)Todor Drumev PopovPeter W. W. PowellBob Prager (Gary Posner, Inc.)Stephen Radin (Albany Stamp Co.)Ghassan D. Riachi

Ron RiceOmar RodriguezMichael Rogers (Michael Rogers, Inc.)Jon W. RoseMichael RuggieroFrans H.A. Rummens (American Society

for Netherlands Philately)Christopher Rupp (Rupp Brothers Rare

Stamps)Mehrdad Sadri (Persiphila)Richard H. SalzJacques C. Schiff, Jr. (Jacques C. Schiff, Jr.,

Inc.)Bernard Seckler (Fine Arts Philatelists)F. Burton SellersCharles F. Shreve (Shreves

Philatelic Galleries, Inc.)Jeff Siddiqui (Pakistan Philatelic Study

Circle)Sergio & Liane Sismondo (The Classic

Collector)Jack Solens (Armstrong Philatelics)Christopher SmithEkrem Spahich (Croatian Philatelic Society)Frits StaalRichard StambaughFrank J. Stanley, IIIRichard StarkPhilip & Henry Stevens

(postalstationery.com)Mark StuckerJames F. TaffPeter Thy (Philatelic Society for Greater

Southern Africa)Glenn Tjia (Quality Philatelics)Scott R. Trepel (Siegel Auction Galleries,

Inc.)A. J. UlteeXavier Verbeck (American Belgian

Philatelic Society)Philip T. WallDaniel C. WarrenRichard A. WashburnGiana Wayman (Asociacion Filatlica

de Costa Rica)William R. Weiss, Jr. (Weiss Philatelics)Ed Wener (Indigo)Don White (Dunedin Stamp Centre)Kirk Wolford (Kirk's Stamp Company)Robert F. Yacano (K-Line Philippines)Ralph YorioJohn P. Zuckerman (Siegel Auction

Galleries, Inc.)Alfonso G. Zulueta, Jr.

Copyright 2003 by Scott Publishing Co.

INTRODUCTION 7A

Addresses, Telephone Numbers, Web Sites, E-Mail Addresses of General & Specialized Philatelic Societies

Collectors can contact the following groups for information about thephilately of the areas within the scope of these societies, or inquireabout membership in these groups. Aside from the general societies,we limit this list to groups that specialize in particular fields of phi-lately, particular areas covered by the Scott Standard Postage StampCatalogue, and topical groups. Many more specialized philatelic soci-eties exist than those listed below. These addresses were compiled inJanuary 2002, and are, to the best of our knowledge, correct and cur-rent. Groups should inform the editors of address changes wheneverthey occur. The editors also want to hear from other such specializedgroups not listed.Unless otherwise noted all website addresses begin with http://American Philatelic SocietyPO Box 8000State College PA 16803Ph: (814) 237-3803www.stamps.orgE-mail: relamb@stamps.org

American Stamp DealersAssociation

Joseph Savarese3 School St.Glen Cove NY 11542Ph: (516) 759-7000www.asdaonline.comE-mail: asda@erols.com

International Society of WorldwideStamp Collectors

Anthony ZolloPO Box 150407Lufkin TX 75915-0407www.iswsc.orgE-mail: stamptmf@frontiernet.net

Junior Philatelists of AmericaJennifer ArnoldPO Box 2625Albany OR 97321www.jpastamps.orgE-mail: exec.sec@jpastamps.org

Royal Philatelic Society41 Devonshire PlaceLondon, United Kingdom W1G 6JY

Royal Philatelic Society of CanadaPO Box 929, Station QToronto, ON, Canada M4T 2P1Ph: (888) 285-4143www.rpsc.orgE-mail: info@rpsc.org

Groups focusing on fields oraspects found in world-widephilately (some may coverU.S. area only)

American Air Mail SocietyStephen ReinhardPO Box 110Mineola NY 11501ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/aams/E-mail: sr1501@aol.com

American First Day Cover SocietyDouglas KelseyPO Box 65960Tucson AZ 85728-5960Ph: (520) 321-0880www.afdcs.orgE-mail: afdcs@aol.com

American Revenue AssociationEric JacksonPO Box 728Leesport PA 19533-0728Ph: (610) 926-6200www.revenuer.orgE-mail: eric@revenuer.com

American Topical AssociationPaul E. TylerPO Box 50820Albuquerque NM 87181-0820Ph: (505) 323-8595home.prcn.org/~pauld/ata/E-mail: ATAStamps@juno.com

Errors, Freaks and OdditiesCollectors Club

Jim McDevittPO Box 1126Kingsland GA 31548Ph: (912) 729-1573E-mail: cwouscg@aol.com

Fakes and Forgeries Study GroupAnthony Torres107 Hoover Rd.Rochester NY 14617-3611E-mail: ajtorres@rochester.rr.com

First Issues Collectors ClubKurt Streepy608 Whitethorn WayBloomington IN 47403Ph: (812) 339-6229E-mail: kstreepy@msn.com

International Philatelic Society ofJoint Stamp Issues Collectors

Richard Zimmermann124, Avenue Guy de CoubertinSaint Remy Les Chevreuse, France F-78470perso.clubinternet.fr/rzimmerm/index.htmE-mail: rzimmerm@club-internet.fr

National Duck Stamp CollectorsSociety

Anthony J. MonicoPO Box 43Harleysville PA 19438-0043www.hwcn.org/link/ndscsE-mail: ndscs@hwcn.org

No Value Identified ClubAlbert SauvanetLe Clos Royal B, Boulevard des PasEnchantesSt. Sebastien-sur Loire, France 44230E-mail: alain.vailly@irin.univ_nantes.fr

The Perfins ClubBob Szymanski10 Clarridge CircleMilford MA 01757E-mail: perfinman@attbi.com

Post Mark Collectors ClubDavid Proulx7629 Homestead DriveBaldwinsville NY 13027E-mail: stampdance@baldcom.net

Postal History SocietyKalman V. Illyefalvi8207 Daren CourtPikesville MD 21208-2211Ph: (410) 653-0665

Precancel Stamp Society176 Bent Pine HillNorth Wales PA 19454Ph: (215) 368-6082E-mail: abentpine1@aol.com

United Postal Stationery SocietyCora CollinsPO Box 1792Norfolk VA 23501-1792Ph: (757) 420-3487www.upss.orgE-mail: poststat@juno.com

Groups focusing on U.S. areaphilately as covered in theStandard Catalogue

Canal Zone Study GroupRichard H. Salz60 27th Ave.San Francisco CA 94121

Carriers and Locals SocietyJohn D. BowmanPO Box 382436Birmingham AL 35238-2436Ph: (205) 967-6200www.pennypost.orgE-mail: jdbowman@premierhome.net

Confederate Stamp AllianceRichard L. CalhounPO Box 581Mt. Prospect IL 60056-0581

Hawaiian Philatelic SocietyKay H. HokePO Box 10115Honolulu HI 96816-0115Ph: (808) 521-5721E-mail: bannan@pixi.com

Plate Number Coil Collectors ClubGene C. Trinks3603 Bellows CourtTroy MI 48083www.pnc3.orgE-mail: gctrinks@sprynet.com

United Nations PhilatelistsBlanton Clement, Jr.292 Springdale TerraceYardley PA 19067-3421www.unpi.comE-mail: bclemjr@aol.com

United States Stamp SocietyExecutive SecretaryPO Box 6634Katy TX 77491-6631www.usstamps.org

U.S. Cancellation ClubRoger Rhoads3 Ruthana WayHockessin DE 19707www.geocities.com/athens/2088/uscchome.htmE-mail: rrrhoads@aol.com

U.S. Philatelic Classics SocietyMark D. RogersPO Box 80708Austin TX 78708-0708www.uspcs.orgE-mail: mrogers23@austin.rr.com

Groups focusing on philatelyof foreign countries orregions

Aden & Somaliland Study GroupGary BrownPO Box 106Briar Hill, Victoria, Australia 3088E-mail: garyjohn951@optushome.com.au

Albania Study CirclePaul EckmanPO Box 39880Los Angeles CA 90039members.netscapeonline.co.uk/johnsphipps/index.htmlE-mail: peckman797@earthlink.net

American Society of PolarPhilatelists (Antarctic areas)

Alan WarrenPO Box 39Exton PA 19341-0039south-pole.com/aspp.htmE-mail: alanwar@att.net

Andorran Philatelic Study CircleD. Hope17 Hawthorn Dr.Stalybridge, Cheshire, United KingdomSK15 1UEwww.chy-an-piran.demon.co.uk/E-mail: apsc@chy-an-piran.demon.co.uk

Arabian Philatelic AssociationInternational

R. J. Thoden4125 Windover WayMelbourne FL 32934-8514www.arabian-philatelic.comE-mail: thodenr@aol.com

Australian States Study CircleBen PalmerGPO 1751Sydney, N.S.W., Australia 1043

Austria Philatelic SocietyRalph SchneiderPO Box 23049Belleville IL 62223Ph: (618) 277-6152www.apsus.esmartweb.comE-mail: rsstamps@aol.com

Copyright 2003 by Scott Publishing Co.

INTRODUCTION8AAmerican Belgian Philatelic SocietyKenneth L. Costilow621 Virginius Dr.Virginia Beach VA 23452-4417Ph: (757) 463-6081groups.hamptonroads.com/ABPSE-mail: kcos32@home.com

Bechuanalands and BotswanaSociety

Neville Midwood69 Porlock Lane Furzton, Milton Keynes, UnitedKingdom MK4 1JYwww.netcomuk.co.uk/~midsoft/bbsoc.htmlE-mail: runnerpo@netcomuk.co.uk

Bermuda Collectors SocietyThomas J. McMahonPO Box 1949Stuart FL 34995

Brazil Philatelic AssociationKurt Ottenheimer462 West Walnut St.Long Beach NY 11561Ph: (516) 431-3412E-mail: oak462@juno.com

British Caribbean Philatelic StudyGroup

Dr. Reuben A. Ramkissoon3011 White Oak LaneOak Brook IL 60523-2513

British North America PhilatelicSociety (Canada & Provinces)

H. P. Jacobi5295 Moncton St.Richmond, B.C., Canada V7E 3B2www.bnaps.orgE-mail: beaver@telus.net

British West Indies Study CircleW. Clary HoltPO Drawer 59Burlington NC 27216Ph: (336) 227-7461

Burma Philatelic Study CircleA. Meech7208 91st Ave.Edmonton, AB, Canada T6B 0R8E-mail: ameech@telusplanet.net

Ceylon Study GroupR. W. P. Frost42 Lonsdale Road, CanningtonBridgewater, Somerset, UnitedKingdom TA5 2JS

China Stamp SocietyPaul H. GaultPO Box 20711Columbus OH 43220www.chinastampsociety.orgE-mail: secretary@chinastampsociety.org

Colombia/Panama Philatelic StudyGroup

PO Box 2245 El Cajon CA 92021E-mail: jimacross@juno.com

Society for Costa Rica CollectorsDr. Hector R. MenaPO Box 14831Baton Rouge LA 70808www.socorico.orgE-mail: hrmena@aol.com

Croatian Philatelic Society (Croatia& other Balkan areas)

Ekrem Spahich502 Romero, PO Box 696Fritch TX 79036-0696Ph: (806) 857-0129www.croatianmall.com/cps/E-mail: ou812@arn.net

Cuban Philatelic Society of AmericaErnesto CuestaPO Box 34434Bethesda MD 20827www.philat.com/cpsa

Cyprus Study CircleJim Wigmore19 Riversmeet, AppledoreBideford, N. Devon, United KingdomEX39 1REwww.geocities.com/cyprusstudycircleE-mail: istug@aol.com

Society for Czechoslovak PhilatelyRobert T. CossaboomPO Box 25332Scott AFB IL 62225-0332www.czechoslovakphilately.comE-mail: klfck1@aol.com

Danish West Indies Study Unit ofthe Scandinavian Collectors Club

John L. DuboisThermalogic Corp.22 Kane Industrial DriveHudson MA 01749Ph: (800) 343-4492dwi.thlogic.comE-mail: jld@thlogic.com

East Africa Study CircleKen Hewitt16 Ashleigh RoadSolihull, United Kingdom B91 1AEE-mail: 106602.2410@compuserve.com

Egypt Study CircleMike Murphy109 Chadwick RoadLondon, United Kingdom SE15 4PYE-mail: egyptstudycircle@hotmail.com

Estonian Philatelic SocietyJuri Kirsimagi29 Clifford Ave.Pelham NY 10803

Ethiopian Philatelic SocietyUlf Lindahl640 S. Pine Creek Rd.Fairfield CT 06430Ph: (203) 255-8005members.home.net/fbheiser/ethiopia5.htmE-mail: ulindahl@optonline.net

Falkland Islands Philatelic StudyGroup

Carl J. FaulknerWilliams Inn, On-the-GreenWilliamstown MA 01267-2620Ph: (413) 458-9371

Faroe Islands Study CircleNorman Hudson28 Enfield RoadEllesmere Port, Cheshire, UnitedKingdom CH65 8BYwww.pherber.com/fisc/fisc.htmlE-mail: jntropics@hotmail.com

Former French Colonies SpecialistSociety

BP 62875367 Paris Cedex 08, Francewww.ifrance.com/colfraE-mail: clubcolfra@aol.com

France & Colonies PhilatelicSociety

Walter Parshall103 Spruce St.Bloomfield NJ 07003-3514

Germany Philatelic SocietyPO Box 779Arnold MD 21012-4779www.gps.nuE-mail:germanyphilatelic@starpower.net

German Democratic RepublicStudy Group of the GermanPhilatelic Society

Ken LawrencePO Box 8040State College PA 16803-8040Ph: (814) 237-3803E-mail: apsken@aol.com

Gibraltar Study CircleD. Brook80 Farm RoadWeston Super Mare, Avon, UnitedKingdom BS22 8BDwww.abel.co.uk/~stirrups/GSC.HTME-mail: drstirrups@dundee.ac.uk

Great Britain Collectors ClubParker A. Bailey, Jr.PO Box 773Merrimack NH 03054-0773www.gbstamps.com/gbccE-mail: pbaileyjr@worldnet.att.net

Hellenic Philatelic Society ofAmerica (Greece and relatedareas)

Dr. Nicholas Asimakopulos541 Cedar Hill Ave.Wyckoff NJ 07481Ph: (201) 447-6262

International Society of GuatemalaCollectors

Mrs. Mae Vignola105 22nd Ave.San Francisco CA 94121

Haiti Philatelic SocietyUbaldo Del Toro5709 Marble ArchwayAlexandria VA 22315E-mail: u007ubi@aol.com

Honduras Collectors ClubJeff BrasorPO Box 143383Irving TX 75014

Hong Kong Stamp SocietyDr. An-Min Chung3300 Darby Rd. Cottage 503Haverford PA 19041-1064

Society for Hungarian PhilatelyRobert Morgan2201 Roscomare Rd.Los Angeles CA 90077-2222www.hungarianphilately.orgE-mail: h.alanhoover@lycosemail.com

India Study CircleJohn WarrenPO Box 7326Washington DC 20044Ph: (202) 564-6876E-mail: warren.john@epa.govIndian Ocean Study CircleK. B. Fitton50 FirlandsWeybridge, Surrey, United KingdomKT13 0HRwww.stampdomain.com/iosc

E-mail: keithfitton@intonet.co.ukSociety of Indo-China PhilatelistsNorman S. DavisPO Box 290406Brooklyn NY 11229

Iran Philatelic Study CircleDarrell R. Hill1410 BroadwayBethlehem PA 18015-4025www.iranphilatelic.orgE-mail: d.r.hill@att.net

Eire Philatelic Association (Ireland)Myron G. Hill IIIPO Box 1210College Park MD 20741-1210eirephilatelicassoc.orgE-mail: mhill@radix.net

Society of Israel PhilatelistsPaul S. Aufrichtig300 East 42nd St.New York NY 10017

Italy and Colonies Study CircleAndrew DAnneo1085 Dunweal LaneCalistoga CA 94515E-mail: audanneo@napanet.net

International Society for JapanesePhilately

Kenneth KamholzPO Box 1283Haddonfield NJ 08033www.isjp.orgE-mail: isjp@home.com

Korea Stamp SocietyJohn E. TalmagePO Box 6889Oak Ridge TN 37831www.pennfamily.org/KSS-USAE-mail: jtalmage@usit.net

Latin American Philatelic SocietyPiet Steen197 Pembina Ave.Hinton, AB, Canada T7V 2B2

Latvian Philatelic SocietyAris Birze569 Rougemount Dr.Pickering, ON, Canada L1W 2C1

Liberian Philatelic SocietyWilliam Thomas LockardPO Box 106Wellston OH 45692Ph: (740) 384-2020E-mail: tlockard@zoomnet.net

Liechtenstudy USA (Liechtenstein)Ralph SchneiderPO Box 23049Belleville IL 62223Ph: (618) 277-6152www.rschneiderstamps.com/Liechtenstudy.htmE-mail: rsstamps@aol.com

Lithuania Philatelic SocietyJohn Variakojis3715 W. 68th St.Chicago IL 60629Ph: (773) 585-8649www.filatelija.lt/lps/E-mail: variakojis@earthlink.net

Luxembourg Collectors ClubGary B. Little3304 Plateau Dr.Belmont CA 94002-1312www.luxcentral.com/stamps/LCCE-mail: lcc@luxcentral.com

Copyright 2003 by Scott Publishing Co.

INTRODUCTION 9AMalaya Study GroupJoe Robertson12 Lisa CourtDownsland RoadBasingstoke, Hampshire, UnitedKingdom RG21 8TUhome.freeuk.net/johnmorgan/msg.htm

Malta Study CircleAlec Webster50 Worcester RoadSutton, Surrey, United Kingdom SM26QBE-mail: alecwebster50@hotmail.com

Mexico-Elmhurst Philatelic SocietyInternational

David PietschPO Box 50997Irvine CA 92619-0997E-mail: mepsi@msn.com

Society for Moroccan and TunisianPhilately

206, bld. Pereire75017 Paris, Francemembers.aol.com/Jhaik5814E-mail: jhaik5814@aol.com

Nepal & Tibet Philatelic Study GroupRoger D. Skinner1020 Covington RoadLos Altos CA 94024-5003Ph: (650) 968-4163fuchs-online.com/ntpsc/

American Society of NetherlandsPhilately

Jan Enthoven221 Coachlite Ct. S.Onalaska WI 54650Ph: (608) 781-8612www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/aswin/NL/nethE-mail: jenthoven@centurytel.net

New Zealand Society of GreatBritain

Keith C. Collins13 Briton CrescentSanderstead, Surrey, United KingdomCR2 0JNwww.cs.stir.ac.uk/~rgc/nzsgbE-mail: rgc@cs.stir.ac.uk

Nicaragua Study GroupErick Rodriguez11817 S.W. 11th St.Miami FL 33184-2501clubs.yahoo.com/clubs/nicaraguastudygroupE-mail: nsgsec@yahoo.com

Society of Australasian Specialists/Oceania

Henry BatemanPO Box 4862Monroe LA 71211-4862Ph: (800) 571-0293members.aol.com/stampsho/saso.htmlE-mail: hbateman@jam.rr.com

Orange Free State Study CircleJ. R. Stroud28 Oxford St.Burnham-on-sea, Somerset, UnitedKingdom TA8 1LQwww.ofssc.orgE-mail: jrstroud@classicfm.net

Pacific Islands Study GroupJohn Ray24 Woodvale AvenueLondon, United Kingdom SE25 4AE www.pisc.org.ukE-mail: john.ray@bigfoot.com

Pakistan Philatelic Study CircleJeff SiddiquiPO Box 7002Lynnwood WA 98046E-mail: jeffsiddiqui@msn.com

Centro de Filatelistas Independientesde Panama

Vladimir Berrio-LemmApartado 0835-348Panama, 10, PanamaE-mail: filatelia@cwpanama.net

Papuan Philatelic SocietySteven ZirinskyPO Box 49, Ansonia StationNew York NY 10023E-mail: szirinsky@compuserve.com

International Philippine PhilatelicSociety

Robert F. YacanoPO Box 100Toast NC 27049Ph: (336) 783-0768E-mail: yacano@advi.net

Pitcairn Islands Study GroupNelson A. L. Weller2940 Wesleyan LaneWinston-Salem NC 27106Ph: (336) 724-6384E-mail: nalweller@aol.com

Plebiscite-Memel-Saar Study Groupof the German Philatelic Society

Clay Wallace100 Lark CourtAlamo CA 94507E-mail: wallacec@earthlink.net

Polonus Philatelic Society (Poland)Arkadius Walinski7414 Lincoln Ave. - DSkokie IL 60076-3898Ph: (847) 674-4286

International Society forPortuguese Philately

Clyde Homen1491 Bonnie View Rd.Hollister CA 95023-5117www.portugalstamps.comE-mail: cjh@hollinet.com

Rhodesian Study CircleWilliam R. WallacePO Box 16381San Francisco CA 94116www.rhodesianstudycircle.org.ukE-mail: bwall8rscr@earthlink.net

Canadian Society of RussianPhilately

Andrew CroninPO Box 5722, Station AToronto, ON, Canada M5W 1P2Ph: (905) 764-8968www3.sympatico.ca/postrider/postriderE-mail: postrider@sympatico.ca

Rossica Society of Russian PhilatelyGerald D. Seiflow27 N. Wacker Drive #167Chicago IL 60606-3203www.rossica.orgE-mail: ged.seiflow@rossica.org

Ryukyu Philatelic Specialist SocietyCarmine J. DiVincenzoPO Box 381Clayton CA 94517-0381

St. Helena, Ascension & Tristan DaCunha Philatelic Society

Dr. Everett L. ParkerHC 76, Box 32Greenville ME 04441-9727Ph: (207) 695-3163ourworld.compuserve.com/home-pages/ ST_HELENA_ASCEN_TDCE-mail: eparker@prexar.com

St. Pierre & Miquelon PhilatelicSociety

David Salovey320 Knights CornerStony Point NY 10980E-mail: jamestaylor@wavehome.com

Associated Collectors of El SalvadorJeff BrasorPO Box 143383Irving TX 75014

Fellowship of Samoa SpecialistsJack R. HughesPO Box 1260Boston MA 02117-1260members.aol.com/tongaJan/foss.html

Sarawak Specialists SocietyStu Leven4031 Samson WaySan Jose CA 95124-3733Ph: (408) 978-0193www.britborneostamps.org.ukE-mail: stulev@ix.netcom.com

Scandinavian Collectors ClubDonald B. BrentPO Box 13196El Cajon CA 92020www.scc-online.orgE-mail: dbrent47@sprynet.com

Slovakia Stamp SocietyJack BenchikPO Box 555Notre Dame IN 46556

Philatelic Society for GreaterSouthern Africa

William C. Brooks VIPO Box 4158Cucamonga CA 91729-4158Ph: (909) 484-2806www.homestead.com/psgsa/index.htmlE-mail: bbrooks@hss.co.sbcounty.gov

Spanish Philatelic SocietyRobert H. Penn1108 Walnut DriveDanielsville PA 18038Ph: (610) 767-6793

Sudan Study GroupCharles HassPO Box 3435Nashua NH 03061-3435Ph: (603) 888-4160E-mail: hassstamps@aol.com

American Helvetia Philatelic Society(Switzerland, Liechtenstein)

Richard T. HallPO Box 15053Asheville NC 28813-0053www.swiss-stamps.orgE-mail: secretary@swiss-stamps.org

Tannu Tuva Collectors SocietyKen Simon513 Sixth Ave. So.Lake Worth FL 33460-4507Ph: (561) 588-5954www.seflin.org/tuvaE-mail: p003115b@pb.seflin.org

Society for Thai PhilatelyH. R. BlakeneyPO Box 25644Oklahoma City OK 73125E-mail: HRBlakeney@aol.com

Transvaal Study CircleJ. Woolgar132 Dale StreetChatham, Kent ME4 6QH, UnitedKingdomwww.transvaalsc.org

Ottoman and Near East PhilatelicSociety (Turkey and relatedareas)

Bob Stuchell193 Valley Stream LaneWayne PA 19087E-mail: president@oneps.org

Ukrainian Philatelic & NumismaticSociety

George SlusarczukPO Box 303Southfields NY 10975-0303www.upns.orgE-mail: Yurko@warwick.net

Vatican Philatelic SocietySal Quinonez2 Aldersgate, Apt. 119Riverhead NY 11901Ph: (516) 727-6426

British Virgin Islands PhilatelicSociety

Roger DowningPO Box 11156St. Thomas VI 00801-1156Ph: (284) 494-2762www.islandsun.com/FEATURES/bviphil9198.htmlE-mail: issun@candwbvi.net

West Africa Study CircleDr. Peter Newroth33-520 Marsett PlaceVictoria, BC, Canada V8Z 7J1ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/FrankWalton

Western Australia Study GroupBrian PopePO Box 423Claremont, Western Australia,Australia 6910

Yugoslavia Study Group of theCroatian Philatelic Society

Michael Lenard1514 North 3rd Ave.Wausau WI 54401Ph: (715) 675-2833E-mail: mjlenard@aol.com

Topical GroupsAmericana UnitDennis Dengel17 Peckham Rd.Poughkeepsie NY 12603-2018www.americanaunit.orgE-mail: info@americanaunit.org

Astronomy Study UnitGeorge YoungPO Box 632Tewksbury MA 01876-0632Ph: (978) 851-8283www.fandm.edu/departments/astronomy/miscell/astunit.htmlE-mail: george-young@msn.com

Copyright 2003 by Scott Publishing Co.

INTRODUCTION10ABicycle Stamp ClubNorman Batho358 Iverson PlaceEast Windsor NJ 08520Ph: (609) 448-9547members.tripod.com/~bicyclestampsE-mail: normbatho@worldnet.att.net

Biology UnitAlan Hanks34 Seaton Dr.Aurora, ON, Canada L4G 2K1Ph: (905) 727-6993

Bird Stamp SocietyG. P. Horsman9 Cowley Drive, Worthy DownWinchester, Hants., United KingdomSO21 2OW

Canadiana Study UnitJohn PeeblesPO Box 3262, Station ALondon, ON, Canada N6A 4K3E-mail: john.peebles@odyssey.on.ca

Captain Cook Study UnitBrian P. Sandford173 Minuteman Dr.Concord MA 01742-1923www.captaincookstudyunit.com/E-mail: USagent@captaincookstudyunit.com/

Casey Jones Railroad UnitOliver C. AtchisonPO Box 31631San Francisco CA 94131-0631Ph: (415) 648-8057www.uqp.de/cjr/index.htmE-mail: cjrrunit@aol.com

Cats on Stamps Study UnitMary Ann Brown3006 Wade Rd.Durham NC 27705

Chemistry & Physics on StampsStudy Unit

Dr. Roland Hirsch20458 Water Point LaneGermantown MD 20874www.cpossu.orgE-mail: rfhirsch@cpossu.org

Chess on Stamps Study UnitAnne Kasonic7625 County Road #153Interlaken NY 14847www.iglobal.net/home/reott/stamps1.htm#cossuE-mail: akasonic@epix.net

Christmas Philatelic ClubLinda Lawrence312 Northwood DriveLexington KY 40505Ph: (606) 293-0151www.hwcn.org/link/cpcE-mail: stamplinda@aol.com

Christopher Columbus PhilatelicSociety

Donald R. AgerPO Box 71Hillsboro NH 03244-0071Ph: (603) 464-5379E-mail: meganddon@conknet.com

Collectors of Religion on StampsVerna Shackleton425 North Linwood Avenue #110Appleton WI 54914Ph: (920) 734-2417www.powernetonline.com/~corosec/coros1.htmE-mail: corosec@powernetonline.com

Dogs on Stamps Study UnitMorris Raskin202A Newport Rd.Monroe Township NJ 08831Ph: (609) 655-7411www.dossu.orgE-mail: mraskin@nerc.com

Earths Physical Features StudyGroup

Fred Klein515 Magdalena Ave.Los Altos CA 94024www.philately.com/society_news/earths _physical.htm

Ebony Society of Philatelic Eventsand Reflections (African-American topicals)

Sanford L. ByrdPO Box 8888Corpus Christi, TX 78468-8888www.slsabyrd.com/esper.htmE-mail: esper@str.rr.com

Embroidery, Stitchery, Textile UnitHelen N. Cushman1001 Genter St., Apt. 9HLa Jolla CA 92037Ph: (619) 459-1194

Europa Study UnitHank KlosPO Box 611Bensenville IL 60106E-mail: eunity@aol.com orklosh@clearnet.org

Fine & Performing ArtsRuth Richards10393 Derby Dr.Laurel MD 20723www.philately.com/society_news/fap.htmE-mail: bersec@aol.com

Fire Service in PhilatelyBrian R. Engler, Sr.726 1/2 W. Tilghman St.Allentown PA 18102-2324Ph: (610) 433-2782E-mail: brenglersr@enter.net

Gay & Lesbian History on StampsClub

Joe PetroniePO Box 190842Dallas TX 75219-0842www.glhsc.orgE-mail: glhsc@aol.com

Gems, Minerals & Jewelry StudyGroup

George YoungPO Box 632Tewksbury MA 01876-0632Ph: (978) 851-8283www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/gmjsuapp.txtE-mail: george-young@msn.com

Graphics Philately AssociationMark WinnegradPO Box 380Bronx NY 10462-0380

Journalists, Authors & Poets onStamps

Sol Baltimore28742 Blackstone Dr.Lathrup Village MI 48076

Lighthouse Stamp SocietyDalene Thomas8612 West Warren LaneLakewood CO 80227-2352Ph: (303) 986-6620www.lighthousestampsociety.orgE-mail: dalene1@wideopenwest.com

Lions International Stamp ClubJohn Bargus304-2777 Barry Rd. RR 2Mill Bay, BC, Canada V0R 2P0Ph: (250) 743-5782

Mahatma Gandhi On StampsStudy Circle

Pramod ShivagundePratik Clinic, AklujSolapur, Maharashtra, India 413101 E-mail: drnanda@bom6.vsnl.net.in

Mask Study UnitCarolyn Weber1220 Johnson Drive, Villa 104Ventura CA 93003-0540www.home.prcn.org/~pauld/ata/units/masks.htmE-mail: kencar@venturalink.net

Masonic Study UnitStanley R. Longenecker930 Wood St.Mount Joy PA 17552-1926E-mail: natsco@usa.net

Mathematical Study UnitEstelle Buccino5615 Glenwood Rd.Bethesda MD 20817-6727Ph: (301) 718-8898www.math.ttu.edu/msu/E-mail: m.strauss@ttu.edu

Medical Subjects UnitDr. Frederick C. SkvaraPO Box 6228Bridgewater NJ 08807E-mail: fcskvara@bellatlantic.net

Mesoamerican Archeology StudyUnit

Chris MoserPO Box 1442Riverside CA 92502www.masu.homestead.com/info.htmlE-mail:cmoser@ci.riverside.ca.us

Napoleonic Age PhilatelistsKen Berry7513 Clayton Dr.Oklahoma City OK 73132-5636Ph: (405) 721-0044E-mail: krb2@earthlink.net

Old World Archeological Study UnitEileen MeierPO Box 369Palmyra VA 22963

Parachute Study GroupBill Wickert3348 Clubhouse RoadVirginia Beach VA 23452-5339Ph: (757) 486-3614E-mail: bw47psg@worldnet.att.net

Petroleum Philatelic SocietyInternational

Linda W. Corwin5427 Pine Springs CourtConroe TX 77304Ph: (936) 441-0216E-mail: corwin@pdq.net

Philatelic Computing Study GroupRobert de VioliniPO Box 5025Oxnard CA 93031-5025www.pcsg.orgE-mail: dviolini@west.net

Philatelic Lepidopterists AssociationAlan Hanks34 Seaton Dr.Aurora, ON, Canada L4G 2K1Ph: (905) 727-6933

Philatelic Music CircleCathleen OsbornePO Box 1781Sequim WA 98382Ph: (360) 683-6373www.stampshows.com/pmc.html

Rainbow Study UnitShirley SuttonPO Box 37Lone Pine, AB, Canada T0G 1M0Ph: (780) 584-2268E-mail: george-young@msn.com

Rotary on Stamps UnitDonald FieryPO Box 333Hanover PA 17331Ph: (717) 632-8921

Scouts on Stamps SocietyInternational

Carl SchauerPO Box 526Belen NM 87002Ph: (505) 864-0098www.sossi.orgE-mail: rfrank@sossi.org

Ships on Stamps UnitRobert Stuckert2750 Highway 21 EastPaint Lick KY 40461Ph: (859) 925-4901www.shipsonstamps.org

Space UnitCarmine TorrisiPO Box 780241Maspeth NY 11378Ph: (718) 386-7882stargate.1usa.com/stamps/E-mail: ctorrisi1@juno.com

Sports Philatelists InternationalMargaret Jones5310 Lindenwood Ave.St. Louis MO 63109-1758www.geocities.com/colosseum/track/6279

Stamps on Stamps Collectors ClubWilliam Critzer1360 Trinity DriveMenlo Park CA 94025Ph: (650) 234-1136www.stampsonstamps.orgE-mail: wllmcritz@aol.com

Windmill Study UnitWalter J. HollienPO Box 346Long Valley NJ 07853-0346

Wine on Stamps Study UnitJames D. Crum816 Kingsbury Ct.Arroyo Grande CA 93420-4517Ph: (805) 489-3559 E-mail: jdakcrum@aol.com

Women on Stamps Study UnitHugh Gottfried2232 26th St.Santa Monica CA 90405-1902Ph: (310) 452-1442E-mail: hgottfri@lausd.k12.ca.us

Zeppelin Collectors ClubCheryl GanzPO Box A3843Chicago IL 60690-3843

Copyright 2003 by Scott Publishing Co.

INTRODUCTION 11A

Expertizing ServicesThe following organizations will, for a fee, provide expert opinions about stamps submitted to them.Collectors should contact these organizations to find out about their fees and requirements before sub-mitting philatelic material to them. The listing of these groups here is not intended as an endorsement byScott Publishing Co.

General Expertizing ServicesAmerican Philatelic Expertizing

Service (a service of the American Philatelic Society)

PO Box 8000State College PA 16803Ph: (814) 237-3803Fax: (814) 237-6128www.stamps.orgE-mail: ambristo@stamps.org Areas of Expertise: Worldwide

B. P. A. Expertising, Ltd.PO Box 137Leatherhead, Surrey, United KingdomKT22 0RGE-mail: sec.bpa@tcom.co.ukAreas of Expertise: BritishCommonwealth, Great Britain, Classics of Europe, South America andthe Far East

Philatelic Foundation501 Fifth Ave., Rm. 1901New York NY 10017Areas of Expertise: U.S. & Worldwide

Professional Stamp ExpertsPO Box 6170Newport Beach CA 92658Ph: (877) STAMP-88Fax: (949) 833-7955www.collectors.com/pseE-mail: pseinfo@collectors.comAreas of Expertise: Stamps and covers of U.S., U.S. Possessions, British Commonwealth

Royal Philatelic Society ExpertCommittee

41 Devonshire PlaceLondon, United Kingdom W1N 1PEwww.rpsl.org.uk/experts.htmlE-mail: experts@rpsl.org.ukAreas of Expertise: All

Expertizing Services CoveringSpecific Fields Or Countries

Canadian Society of Russian Philately Expertizing Service

PO Box 5722, Station AToronto, ON, Canada M5W 1P2Fax: (416)932-0853Areas of Expertise: Russian areas

China Stamp Society Expertizing Service

1050 West Blue Ridge BlvdKansas City MO 64145Ph: (816) 942-6300E-mail: hjmesq@aol.comAreas of Expertise: China

Confederate Stamp Alliance Authentication Service

c/o Patricia A. Kaufmann10194 N. Old State RoadLincoln DE 19960-9797Ph: (302) 422-2656Fax: (302) 424-1990www.webuystamps.com/csaauth.htmE-mail: trish@ce.netAreas of Expertise: Confederate stampsand postal history

Croatian Philatelic Society Expertizing Service

PO Box 696Fritch TX 79036-0696Ph: (806) 857-0129E-mail: ou812@arn.netAreas of Expertise: Croatia and otherBalkan areas

Errors, Freaks and OdditiesCollectors

Club Expertizing Service138 East Lakemont Dr.Kingsland GA 31548Ph: (912) 729-1573Areas of Expertise: U.S. errors, freaksand oddities

Estonian Philatelic Society Expertizing Service

39 Clafford LaneMelville NY 11747Ph: (516) 421-2078E-mail: esto4@aol.comAreas of Expertise: Estonia

Hawaiian Philatelic Society Expertizing Service

PO Box 10115Honolulu HI 96816-0115Areas of Expertise: Hawaii

Hong Kong Stamp SocietyExpertizing Service

PO Box 206Glenside PA 19038Fax: (215) 576-6850Areas of Expertise: Hong Kong

International Association ofPhilatelics Experts

United States Associate members:Paul Buchsbayew119 W. 57th St.New York NY 10019Ph: (212) 977-7734Fax: (212) 977-8653Areas of Expertise: Russia, SovietUnion

William T. Crowe(see Philatelic Foundation)

John Lievsay(see American Philatelic Expertizing Service and Philatelic Foundation)Areas of Expertise: France

Robert W. LymanP.O. Box 348Irvington on Hudson NY 10533Ph and Fax: (914) 591-6937Areas of Expertise: British North America, New Zealand

Robert OdenwellerP.O. Box 401Bernardsville, NJ 07924-0401Ph and Fax: (908) 766-5460Areas of Expertise: New Zealand, Samoa to 1900

Alex RendonP.O. Box 323Massapequa NY 11762Ph and Fax: (516) 795-0464Areas of Expertise: Bolivia, Colombia, Colombian States

Sergio Sismondo10035 Carousel Center Dr.Syracuse NY 13290-0001Ph: (315) 422-2331Fax: (315) 422-2956Areas of Expertise: Cape of Good Hope, Canada, British North America

International Society for JapanesePhilately Expertizing Committee

32 King James CourtStaten Island NY 10308-2910Ph: (718) 227-5229Areas of Expertise: Japan and relatedareas, except WWII JapaneseOccupation issues

International Society forPortuguese Philately ExpertizingService

PO Box 43146Philadelphia PA 19129-3146Ph: (215) 843-2106Fax: (215) 843-2106E-mail:s.s.washburne@worldnet.att.netAreas of Expertise: Portugal andcolonies

Mexico-Elmhurst Philatelic SocietyInternational Expert Committee

PO Box 1133West Covina CA 91793Areas of Expertise: Mexico

Philatelic Society for GreaterSouthern Africa Expert Panel

13955 W. 30th Ave.Golden CO 80401Areas of expertise: Entire South andSouth West Africa area, Bechuanalands, Basutoland, Swaziland

Ryukyu Philatelic Specialist SocietyExpertizing Service

1710 Buena Vista Ave.Spring Valley CA 91977-4458Ph: (619) 697-3205Areas of Expertise: Ryukyu Islands

Ukrainian Philatelic &Numismatic SocietyExpertizing Service

30552 Dell LaneWarren MI 48092-1862Ph: (810) 751-5754Areas of Expertise: Ukraine, WesternUkraine

V. G. Greene Philatelic ResearchFoundation

Box 100, First Canadian PlaceToronto, ON, Canada M5X 1B2Ph: (416) 863-4593Fax: (416) 863-4592Areas of Expertise: British NorthAmerica

Copyright 2003 by Scott Publishing Co.

INTRODUCTION12A

Information on Catalogue Values, Grade and ConditionCatalogue ValueThe Scott Catalogue value is a retail value; that is, an amount youcould expect to pay for a stamp in the grade of Very Fine with nofaults. Any exceptions to the grade valued will be noted in the text.The general introduction on the following pages and the individualsection introductions further explain the type of material that is val-ued. The value listed for any given stamp is a reference that reflectsrecent actual dealer selling prices for that item.

Dealer retail price lists, public auction results, published prices inadvertising and individual solicitation of retail prices from dealers,collectors and specialty organizations have been used in establishingthe values found in this catalogue. Scott Publishing Co. valuesstamps, but Scott is not a company engaged in the business of buy-ing and selling stamps as a dealer.

Use this catalogue as a guide for buying and selling. The actual priceyou pay for a stamp may be higher or lower than the catalogue valuebecause of many different factors, including the amount of personalservice a dealer offers, or increased or decreased interest in the coun-try or topic represented by a stamp or set. An item may occasionallybe offered at a lower price as a loss leader, or as part of a special sale.You also may obtain an item inexpensively at public auction becauseof little interest at that time or as part of a large lot.

Stamps that are of a lesser grade than Very Fine, or those with con-dition problems, generally trade at lower prices than those given inthis catalogue. Stamps of exceptional quality in both grade and con-dition often command higher prices than those listed.

Values for pre-1900 unused issues are for stamps with approxi-mately half or more of their original gum. Stamps with most or all oftheir original gum may be expected to sell for more, and stamps withless than half of their original gum may be expected to sell for some-what less than the values listed. On rarer stamps, it may be expectedthat the original gum will be somewhat more disturbed than it will beon more common issues. Post-1900 unused issues are assumed tohave full original gum. From breakpoints in most countries listings,stamps are valued as never hinged, due to the wide availability ofstamps in that condition. These notations are prominently placed inthe listings and in the country information preceding the listings. Somecountries also feature listings with dual values for hinged and never-hinged stamps.

GradeA stamps grade and condition are crucial to its value. The accom-panying illustrations show examples of Very Fine stamps from differ-ent time periods, along with examples of stamps in Fine to Very Fineand Extremely Fine grades as points of reference.

FINE stamps (illustrations not shown) have designs that arenoticeably off center on two sides. Imperforate stamps may havesmall margins, and earlier issues may show the design touching oneedge of the stamp design. For perforated stamps, perfs may barelyclear the design on one side, and very early issues normally will havethe perforations slightly cutting into the design. Used stamps mayhave heavier than usual cancellations.

FINE-VERY FINE stamps may be somewhat off center on oneside, or slightly off center on two sides. Imperforate stamps will havetwo margins of at least normal size, and the design will not touchany edge. For perforated stamps, the perfs are well clear of thedesign, but are still noticeably off center. However, early issues of acountry may be printed in such a way that the design naturally isvery close to the edges. In these cases, the perforations may cutinto the design very slightly. Used stamps will not have a cancella-tion that detracts from the design.

VERY FINE stamps may be slightly off center on one side, but thedesign will be well clear of the edge. The stamp will present a nice, bal-anced appearance. Imperforate stamps will have three normal-sizedmargins. However, early issues of many countries may be printed in

such a way that the perforations may touch the design on one or moresides. Where this is the case, a boxed note will be found defining thecentering and margins of the stamps being valued. Used stamps willhave light or otherwise neat cancellations. This is the grade used toestablish Scott Catalogue values.

EXTREMELY FINE stamps are close to being perfectly centered.Imperforate stamps will have even margins that are larger than nor-mal. Even the earliest perforated issues will have perforations clearof the design on all sides.

Scott Publishing Co. recognizes that there is no formallyenforced grading scheme for postage stamps, and that thefinal price you pay or obtain for a stamp will be determinedby individual agreement at the time of transaction.

ConditionGrade addresses only centering and (for used stamps) cancellation.Condition refers to factors other than grade that affect a stampsdesirability.

Factors that can increase the value of a stamp include exceptional-ly wide margins, particularly fresh color, the presence of selvage, andplate or die varieties. Unusual cancels on used stamps (particularlythose of the 19th century) can greatly enhance their value as well.

Factors other than faults that decrease the value of a stampinclude loss of original gum, regumming, a hinge remnant or foreignobject adhering to the gum, natural inclusions, straight edges, andmarkings or notations applied by collectors or dealers.

Faults include missing pieces, tears, pin or other holes, surfacescuffs, thin spots, creases, toning, short or pulled perforations,clipped perforations, oxidation or other forms of color changelings,soiling, stains, and such man-made changes as reperforations or thechemical removal or lightening of a cancellation.

Grading IllustrationsOn the following two pages are illustrations of various stamps fromcountries appearing in this volume. These stamps are arranged bycountry, and they represent early or important issues that are oftenfound in widely different grades in the marketplace. The editorsbelieve the illustrations will prove useful in showing the margin sizeand centering that will be seen on the various issues.

In addition to the matters of margin size and centering, collectorsare reminded that the very fine stamps valued in the Scott cataloguesalso will possess fresh color and intact perforations, and they will befree from defects.

Most examples shown are computer-manipulated images madefrom single digitized master illustrations.

Stamp Illustrations Used in the CatalogueIt is important to note that the stamp images used for identificationpurposes in this catlaogue may not be indicative of the grade of stampbeing valued. Refer to the written discussion of grades on this pageand to the grading illustrations on the following two pages for gradinginformation.

Copyright 2003 by Scott Publishing Co.

INTRODUCTION 13A

Fine-Very Fine

SCOTTCATALOGUESVALUESTAMPS INTHIS GRADE

Very Fine

Extremely Fine

Fine-Very Fine

SCOTTCATALOGUESVALUESTAMPS INTHIS GRADE

Very Fine

Extremely Fine

Copyright 2003 by Scott Publishing Co.

INTRODUCTION14A

Fine-Very Fine

SCOTTCATALOGUESVALUESTAMPS INTHIS GRADE

Very Fine

Extremely Fine

Fine-Very Fine

SCOTTCATALOGUESVALUESTAMPS INTHIS GRADE

Very Fine

Extremely Fine

Copyright 2003 by Scott Publishing Co.

INTRODUCTION 15A

together, the Illustrated Grading Chart on the previous pages andthis Illustrated Gum Chart should allow catalogue users to betterunderstand the grade and gum condition of stamps valued in theScott catalogues.

For purposes of helping to determine the gum condition and valueof an unused stamp, Scott Publishing Co. presents the followingchart which details different gum conditions and indicates how theconditions correlate with the Scott values for unused stamps. Used

MintNever HingedFree from anydisturbance

Lightly HingedFaint impression

of a removedhinge over asmall area

Hinge Mark orRemnantProminent

hinged spot withpart or all of thehinge remaining

Large part o.g.Approximatelyhalf or more ofthe gum intact

Small part o.g.Approximately

less than half ofthe gum intact

No gumOnly if issued

with gum

Very fine pre-1900 stamps in these categoriestrade at a premium over Scott value

Scott Value for Unused(Actual value will be

affected by thedegree of hinging of the full o.g.)

Commonly Used Symbol: ()

Scott Value forUnused

Scott No Gumlistings for

selected unused classic stamps

Scott NeverHinged listings

for selectedunused stamps

From 1900 to break-points for listings ofnever-hinged stamps

Pre-1900 Issues(Pre-1890 for U.S.)

From breakpointsnoted for manycountries

Scott Value forUnused

Gum Categories: MINT N.H. NO GUMORIGINAL GUM (O.G.)

Never Hinged (NH; ): A never-hinged stamp will have fulloriginal gum that will have no hinge mark or disturbance. The pres-ence of an expertizers mark does not disqualify a stamp from thisdesignation.

Original Gum (OG; ): Pre-1900 stamps should have approxi-mately half or more of their original gum. On rarer stamps, it may beexpected that the original gum will be somewhat more disturbedthat it will be on more common issues. Post-1900 stamps shouldhave full original gum. Original gum will show some disturbancecaused by a previous hinge(s) which may be present or entirelyremoved. The actual value of a post-1900 stamp will be affected bythe degree of hinging of the full original gum.

Disturbed Original Gum: Gum showing noticeable effects ofhumidity, climate or hinging over more than half of the gum. Thesignificance of gum disturbance in valuing a stamp in any of theOriginal Gum categories depends on the degree of disturbance, therarity and normal gum condition of the issue and other variablesaffecting quality.

Regummed (RG; ()): A regummed stamp is a stamp without gumthat has had some type of gum privately applied at a time after it wasissued. This normally is done to deceive collectors and/or dealersinto thinking that the stamp has original gum and therefore has ahigher value. A regummed stamp is considered the same as a stampwith none of its original gum for purposes of grading.

Copyright 2003 by Scott Publishing Co.

16A

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Copyright 2003 by Scott Publishing Co.

INTRODUCTION 17A

Catalogue Listing PolicyIt is the intent of Scott Publishing Co. to list all postage stamps of theworld in the Scott Standard Postage Stamp Catalogue. The onlystrict criteria for listing is that stamps be decreed legal for postage bythe issuing country and that the issuing country actually have anoperating postal system. Whether the primary intent of issuing agiven stamp or set was for sale to postal patrons or to stamp collec-tors is not part of our listing criteria. Scotts role is to provide basiccomprehensive postage stamp information. It is up to each stamp col-lector to choose which items to include in a collection.

It is Scotts objective to seek reasons why a stamp should be list-ed, rather than why it should not. Nevertheless, there are certaintypes of items that will not be listed. These include the following:

1. Unissued items that are not officially distributed or released bythe issuing postal authority. Even if such a stamp is accidentallydistributed to the philatelic or even postal market, it remains unis-sued. If such items are officially issued at a later date by the country,they will be listed. Unissued items consist of those that have beenprinted and then held from sale for reasons such as change in gov-ernment, errors found on stamps or something deemed objection-able about a stamp subject or design.

2. Stamps issued by non-existent postal entities or fantasy coun-tries, such as Nagaland, Occusi-Ambeno, Staffa, Sedang, TorresStraits and others.

3. Semi-official or unofficial items not required for postage.Examples include items issued by private agencies for their ownexpress services. When such items are required for delivery, or arevalid as prepayment of postage, they are listed.

4. Local stamps issued for local use only. Postage stamps issued bygovernments specifically for domestic use, such as Haiti Scott 219-228, or the United States non-denominated stamps, are not consid-ered to be locals, since they are valid for postage throughout thecountry of origin.

5. Items not valid for postal use. For example, a few countrieshave issued souvenir sheets that are not valid for postage. This areaalso includes a number of worldwide charity labels (some denomi-nated) that do not pay postage.

6. Intentional varieties, such as imperforate stamps that look liketheir perforated counterparts and are issued in very small quantities.These are often controlled issues intended for speculation.

7. Items distributed by the issuing government only to a limitedgroup, such as a stamp club, philatelic exhibition or a single stampdealer, and later brought to market at inflated prices. These itemsnormally will be included in a footnote.

The fact that a stamp has been used successfully as postage, evenon international mail, is not in itself sufficient proof that it was legit-imately issued. Numerous examples of so-called stamps from non-existent countries are known to have been used to post letters thathave successfully passed through the international mail system.

There are certain items that are subject to interpretation. When astamp falls outside our specifications, it may be listed along with acautionary footnote.

A number of factors are considered in our approach to analyzinghow a stamp is listed. The following list of factors is presented toshare with you, the catalogue user, the complexity of the listingprocess.Additional printings Additional printings of a previouslyissued stamp may range from an item that is totally different to caseswhere it is impossible to differentiate from the original. At least aminor number (a small-letter suffix) is assigned if there is a distinctchange in stamp shade, noticeably redrawn design, or a significantlydifferent perforation measurement. A major number (numeral ornumeral and capital-letter combination) is assigned if the editors feelthe additional printing is sufficiently different from the original thatit constitutes a different issue.Commemoratives Where practical, commemoratives with thesame theme are placed in a set. For example, the U.S. Civil WarCentennial set of 1961-65 and the Constitution Bicentennial series of

1989-90 appear as sets. Countries such as Japan and Korea issue suchmaterial on a regular basis, with an announced, or at least predictable,number of stamps known in advance. Occasionally, however, stampsets that were released over a period of years have been separated.Appropriately placed footnotes will guide you to each sets continua-tion.Definitive sets Blocks of numbers generally have been reservedfor definitive sets, based on previous experience with any given coun-try. If a few more stamps were issued in a set than originally expect-ed, they often have been inserted into the original set with a capital-letter suffix, such as U.S. Scott 1059A. If it appears that many morestamps than the originally allotted block will be released before theset is completed, a new block of numbers will be reserved, with theoriginal one being closed off. In some cases, such as the BritishMachin Head series or the U.S. Transportation and Great Americansseries, several blocks of numbers exist. Appropriately placed footnoteswill guide you to each sets continuation.New country Membership in the Universal Postal Union is nota consideration for listing status or order of placement within thecatalogue. The index will tell you in what volume or page numberthe listings begin.No release date items The amount of information availablefor any given stamp issue varies greatly from country to country andeven from time to time. Extremely comprehensive informationabout new stamps is available from some countries well before thestamps are released. By contrast some countries do not provide infor-mation about stamps or release dates. Most countries, however, fallbetween these extremes. A country may provide denominations orsubjects of stamps from upcoming issues that are not issued asplanned. Sometimes, philatelic agencies, those private firms hired torepresent countries, add these later-issued items to sets well after theformal release date. This time period can range from weeks to years.If these items were officially released by the country, they will beadded to the appropriate spot in the set. In many cases, the specificrelease date of a stamp or set of stamps may never be known.Overprints The color of an overprint is always noted if it is otherthan black. Where more than one color of ink has been used onoverprints of a single set, the color used is noted. Early overprint andsurcharge illustrations were altered to prevent their use by forgers.Se-tenants Connected stamps of differing features (se-tenants)will be listed in the format most commonly collected. This includespairs, blocks or larger multiples. Se-tenant units are not always sym-metrical. An example is Australia Scott 508, which is a block ofseven stamps. If the stamps are primarily collected as a unit, themajor number may be assigned to the multiple, with minors goingto each component stamp. In cases where continuous-design orother unit se-tenants will receive significant postal use, each stampis given a major Scott number listing. This includes issues from theUnited States, Canada, Germany and Great Britain, for example.

Copyright 2003 by Scott Publishing Co.

INTRODUCTION18A

Understanding the ListingsOn the opposite page is an enlarged typical listing from this cata-logue. Below are detailed explanations of each of the highlighted partsof the listing.

Scott number Scott catalogue numbers are used to identifyspecific items when buying, selling or trading stamps. Each listedpostage stamp from every country has a unique Scott catalogue number.Therefore, Germany Scott 99, for example, can only refer to a singlestamp. Although the Scott catalogue usually lists stamps in chronologicalorder by date of issue, there are exceptions. When a country has issueda set of stamps over a period of time, those stamps within the set are kepttogether without regard to date of issue. This follows the normal collect-ing approach of keeping stamps in their natural sets.

When a country issues a set of stamps over a period of time, a groupof consecutive catalogue numbers is reserved for the stamps in that set,as issued. If that group of numbers proves to be too few, capital-letter suf-fixes, such as A or B, may be added to existing numbers to createenough catalogue numbers to cover all items in the set. A capital-lettersuffix indicates a major Scott catalogue number listing. Scott uses a suf-fix letter only once. Therefore, a catalogue number listing with a capital-letter suffix will not also be found with the same letter (lower case) usedas a minor-letter listing. If there is a Scott 16A in a set, for example,there will not also be a Scott 16a. However, a minor-letter a listingmay be added to a major number containing an A suffix (Scott 16Aa,for example).

Suffix letters are cumulative. A minor b variety of Scott 16A wouldbe Scott 16Ab, not Scott 16b.

There are times when a reserved block of Scott catalogue numbers istoo large for a set, leaving some numbers unused. Such gaps in thenumbering sequence also occur when the catalogue editors move anitems listing elsewhere or have removed it entirely from the catalogue.Scott does not attempt to account for every possible number, but ratherattempts to assure that each stamp is assigned its own number.

Scott numbers designating regular postage normally are only numer-als. Scott numbers for other types of stamps, such as air post, semi-postal, postal tax, postage due, occupation and others have a prefix con-sisting of one or more capital letters or a combination of numerals andcapital letters.

Illustration number Illustration or design-type numbersare used to identify each catalogue illustration. For most sets, thelowest face-value stamp is shown. It then serves as an example of thebasic design approach for other stamps not illustrated. Where morethan one stamp use the same illustration number, but have differencesin design, the design paragraph or the description line clearly indicatesthe design on each stamp not illustrated. Where there are both verticaland horizontal designs in a set, a single illustration may be used, withthe exceptions noted in the design paragraph or description line.

When an illustration is followed by a lower-case letter in parenthe-ses, such as A2(b), the trailing letter indicates which overprint or sur-charge illustration applies.

Illustrations normally are 70 percent of the original size of the stamp.An effort has been made to note all illustrations not illustrated at that per-centage. Virtually all souvenir sheet illustrations are reduced even more.Overprints and surcharges are shown at 100 percent of their original sizeif shown alone, but are 70 percent of original size if shown on stamps. Insome cases, the illustration will be placed above the set, between listingsor omitted completely. Overprint and surcharge illustrations are notplaced in this catalogue for purposes of expertizing stamps.

Paper color The color of a stamps paper is noted in ital-ic type when the paper used is not white. Listing styles There are two principal types of cataloguelistings: major and minor.

Major listings are in a larger type style than minor listings. The cata-logue number is a numeral that can be found with or without a capital-letter suffix, and with or without a prefix.

Minor listings are in a smaller type style and have a small-letter suf-fix or (if the listing immediately follows that of the major number) mayshow only the letter. These listings identify a variety of the major item.Examples include perforation, color, watermark or printing method dif-ferences, multiples (some souvenir sheets, booklet panes and se-tenantcombinations), and singles of multiples.

Examples of major number listings include 16, 28A, B97, C13A,10N5, and 10N6A. Examples of minor numbers are 16a and C13Ab.

Basic information about a stamp or set Introducing eachstamp issue is a small section (usually a line listing) of basic infor-mation about a stamp or set. This section normally includes the date ofissue, method of printing, perforation, watermark and, sometimes, someadditional information of note. Printing method, perforation and water-mark apply to the following sets until a change is noted. Stamps creat-ed by overprinting or surcharging previous issues are assumed to havethe same perforation, watermark and printing method as the original.Dates of issue are as precise as Scott is able to confirm and often reflectthe dates on first-day covers, rather than the actual date of release.

Denomination This normally refers to the face value ofthe stamp; that is, the cost of the unused stamp at the post officeat the time of issue. When a denomination is shown in parentheses, itdoes not appear on the stamp. This includes the non-denominatedstamps of the United States, Brazil and Great Britain, for example.

Color or other description This area provides informationto solidify identification of a stamp. In many recent cases, adescription of the stamp design appears in this space, rather than a list-ing of colors.

Year of issue In stamp sets that have been released in aperiod that spans more than a year, the number shown in paren-theses is the year that stamp first appeared. Stamps without a dateappeared during the first year of the issue. Dates are not always givenfor minor varieties.

Value unused and Value used The Scott catalogue val-ues are based on stamps that are in a grade of Very Fine unlessstated otherwise. Unused values refer to items that have not seen postal,revenue or any other duty for which they were intended. Pre-1900unused stamps that were issued with gum must have at least most oftheir original gum. Later issues are assumed to have full original gum.From breakpoints specified in most countries listings, stamps are val-ued as never hinged. Stamps issued without gum are noted. Modernissues with PVA or other synthetic adhesives may appear ungummed.Self-adhesive stamps are valued as appearing undisturbed on their origi-nal backing paper. For a more detailed explanation of these values,please see the Catalogue Value, Condition and UnderstandingValuing Notations sections elsewhere in this introduction.

In some cases, where used stamps are more valuable than unusedstamps, the value is for an example with a contemporaneous cancel,rather than a modern cancel or a smudge or other unclear marking. Forthose stamps that were released for postal and fiscal purposes, the usedvalue represents a postally used stamp. Stamps with revenue cancelsgenerally sell for less. Scott values for used self-adhesive stamps are forexamples either on piece or off piece.

Changes in basic set information Bold type is used toshow any changes in the basic data given for a set of stamps. Thisincludes perforation differences from one stamp to the next or a differ-ent paper, printing method or watermark.

Total value of a set The total value of sets of three ormore stamps issued after 1900 are shown. The set line also notesthe range of Scott numbers and total number of stamps included in thegrouping. The actual value of a set consisting predominantly of stampshaving the minimum value of twenty cents may be less than the totalvalue shown. Similary, the actual value or catalogue value of se-tenantpairs or of blocks consisting of stamps having the minimum value of twen-ty cents may be less than the catalogue values of the component parts.

Copyright 2003 by Scott Publishing Co.

INTRODUCTION 19A

1938-44 Engr. Perf. 121254 A6 12p green .20 .3054A A6 12p dk brown (42) .20 .4055 A6 1p dark brown .20 .2055A A6 1p green (42) .20 .2056 A6 112p dark carmine .65 1.9056A A6 112p gray (42) .20 1.2557 A6 2p gray 1.25 .4057A A6 2p dark car (42) .20 .3058 A6 3p blue .30 .2059 A6 4p rose lilac .80 .3060 A6 6p dark violet .85 .2561 A6 9p olive bister 1.40 1.4062 A6 1sh orange & blk 1.40 .55

Typo.Perf. 14

Chalky Paper63 A7 2sh ultra & dl vio, bl 5.50 4.5064 A72sh6p red & blk, bl 6.50 4.5065 A7 5sh red & grn, yel 22.50 11.00

a. 5sh dk red & dp grn, yel (44) 50.00 37.5066 A7 10sh red & grn, grn 32.50 14.00

Wmk. 367 A7 1 blk & vio, red 16.00 15.00

Nos. 54-67 (18) 90.85 56.65

King George VIand Leopard A6

King George VIA7SCOTTNUMBER

ILLUS.NUMBER

PAPERCOLOR

LISTINGSTYLES

BASIC

INFORMATIONON STAMPOR SET

DENOMINATION

COLOR OR OTHER

DESCRIPTION

YEAR OFISSUE

CATALOGUEVALUES

CHANGES IN

BASIC SET

INFORMATION

TOTAL VALUE

OF SET

MAJORS

MINORS

UNUSED

USED

Copyright 2003 by Scott Publishing Co.

INTRODUCTION20A

Special NoticesClassification of stampsThe Scott Standard Postage Stamp Catalogue lists stamps by coun-try of issue. The next level of organization is a listing by section onthe basis of the function of the stamps. The principal sections coverregular postage, semi-postal, air post, special delivery, registration,postage due and other categories. Except for regular postage, cata-logue numbers for all sections include a prefix letter (or number-let-ter combination) denoting the class to which a given stamp belongs.When some countries issue sets containing stamps from more thanone category, the catalogue will at times list all of the stamps in onecategory (such as air post stamps listed as part of a postage set).

The following is a listing of the most commonly used catalogueprefixes.Prefix ...CategoryC ...........Air PostM...........MilitaryP ............NewspaperN ...........Occupation - Regular IssuesO ...........OfficialQ ...........Parcel PostJ.............Postage DueRA .........Postal TaxB............Semi-PostalE............Special DeliveryMR ........War Tax

Other prefixes used by more than one country include the following:H ...........Acknowledgment of ReceiptI.............Late FeeCO.........Air Post OfficialCQ.........Air Post Parcel PostRAC.......Air Post Postal TaxCF..........Air Post RegistrationCB .........Air Post Semi-PostalCBO.......Air Post Semi-Postal OfficialCE .........Air Post Special DeliveryEY..........Authorized DeliveryS ............FranchiseG ...........Insured LetterGY .........Marine InsuranceMC ........Military Air PostMQ........Military Parcel PostNC.........Occupation - Air PostNO.........Occupation - OfficialNJ ..........Occupation - Postage DueNRA.......Occupation - Postal TaxNB .........Occupation - Semi-PostalNE .........Occupation - Special DeliveryQY .........Parcel Post Authorized DeliveryAR .........Postal-fiscalRAJ ........Postal Tax DueRAB .......Postal Tax Semi-PostalF ............RegistrationEB..........Semi-Postal Special DeliveryEO .........Special Delivery OfficialQE .........Special Handling

New issue listingsUpdates to this catalogue appear each month in the Scott StampMonthly magazine. Included in this update are additions to the listingsof countries found in the Scott Standard Postage Stamp Catalogueand the Specialized Catalogue of United States Stamps, as well as cor-rections and updates to current editions of this catalogue.

From time to time there will be changes in the final listings ofstamps from the Scott Stamp Monthly to the next edition of the cat-alogue. This occurs as more information about certain stamps or setsbecomes available.

The catalogue update section of the Scott Stamp Monthly is themost timely presentation of this material available. Annual subscrip-tions to the Scott Stamp Monthly are available from Scott PublishingCo., Box 828, Sidney, OH 45365-0828.

Number additions, deletions & changesA listing of catalogue number additions, deletions and changes fromthe previous edition of the catalogue appears in each volume. SeeCatalogue Number Additions, Deletions & Changes in the table ofcontents for the location of this list.

Understanding valuing notationsThe minimum catalogue value of an individual stamp or set is 20cents. This represents a portion of the cost incurred by a dealerwhen he prepares an individual stamp for resale. As a point of phil-atelic-economic fact, the lower the value shown for an item in thiscatalogue, the greater the percentage of that value is attributed todealer mark up and profit margin. In many cases, such as the 20-centminimum value, that price does not cover the labor or other costsinvolved with stocking it as an individual stamp. The sum of mini-mum values in a set does not properly represent the value of a com-plete set primarily composed of a number of minimum-value stamps,nor does the sum represent the actual value of a packet made up ofminimum-value stamps. Thus a packet of 1,000 different commonstamps each of which has a catalogue value of 20-cents nor-mally sells for considerably less than 200 dollars!

The absence of a retail value for a stamp does not necessarily sug-gest that a stamp is scarce or rare. A dash in the value column meansthat the stamp is known in a stated form or variety, but informationis either lacking or insufficient for purposes of establishing a usablecatalogue value.

Stamp values in italics generally refer to items that are difficult tovalue accurately. For expensive items, such as those priced at$1,000 or higher, a value in italics indicates that the affected itemtrades very seldom. For inexpensive items, a value in italics repre-sents a warning. One example is a blocked issue where the issu-ing postal administration may have controlled one stamp in a set inan attempt to make the whole set more valuable. Another exampleis an item that sold at an extreme multiple of face value in the mar-ketplace at the time of its issue.

One type of warning to collectors that appears in the catalogue isillustrated by a stamp that is valued considerably higher in used con-dition than it is as unused. In this case, collectors are cautioned tobe certain the used version has a genuine and contemporaneous can-cellation. The type of cancellation on a stamp can be an importantfactor in determining its sale price. Catalogue values do not apply tofiscal, telegraph or non-contemporaneous postal cancels, unless oth-erwise noted.

Some countries have released back issues of stamps in canceled-to-order form, sometimes covering as much as a 10-year period. TheScott Catalogue values for used stamps reflect canceled-to-ordermaterial when such stamps are found to predominate in the mar-ketplace for the issue involved. Notes frequently appear in the stamplistings to specify which items are valued as canceled-to-order, or ifthere is a premium for postally used examples.

Many countries sell canceled-to-order stamps at a marked reduc-tion of face value. Countries that sell or have sold canceled-to-orderstamps at full face value include Australia, Netherlands, France andSwitzerland. It may be almost impossible to identify such stamps ifthe gum has been removed, because official government cancelingdevices are used. Postally used copies of these items on cover, how-ever, are usually worth more than the canceled-to-order stamps withoriginal gum.

AbbreviationsScott Publishing Co. uses a consistent set of abbreviations through-out this catalogue to conserve space, while still providing necessaryinformation.

Copyright 2003 by Scott Publishing Co.

INTRODUCTION 21A

COLOR ABBREVIATIONS

When no color is given for an overprint or surcharge, black is thecolor used. Abbreviations for colors used for overprints and sur-charges include: (B) or (Blk), black; (Bl), blue; (R), red; and(G), green