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Maintenance-free
Designer´s Handbook
GGB
Filament WoundHigh LoadSelf-lubricating BearingsDesigner´s Handbook
GGBGGB North America
700 Mid Atlantic ParkwayThorofare · New Jersey 08086 · USA
Tel. +1-856-848-3200Fax +1-856-848-4552
eMail: [email protected] · www.ggbearing.com
GGB, an EnPro Industries, Inc. company
*HB300ENG05USA*HB300ENG05USA
I
QualityAll the products described in this handbook are manufactured under ISO/TS 16949 and ISO 14001 approved qualitymanagement systems.
II
Formula Symbols and Designations
FormulaSymbol
UnitANSI
UnitSI Designation
aB - - Bearing size factor
aE - - High load factor
aM - - Mating material factor
aS - - Surface finish factor
aT - - Temperature application factor
B inch mm Nominal bush length
CD inch mm Installed diametral clearance
DH inch mm Housing Diameter
Di inch mm Nominal bush IDNominal thrust washer ID
Do inch mm Nominal bush ODNominal thrust washer OD
DJ inch mm Shaft diameter
F lbs. N Bearing load
µ - - Coefficient of friction
LQ - - Bearing service life, cycles
N 1/min 1/min Rotational speed
Nosc 1/min 1/min Rotational speedfor oscillating motion
P psi N/mm² Specific load
Plim psi N/mm² Specific load limit
Psta,max psi N/mm² Maximum static load
Pdyn,max psi N/mm² Maximum dynamic load
QGF - - GAR-FIL cyclic life factor
QGM - - GAR-MAX and HSG cyclic life factor
QMLG - - MLG cyclic life factor
Ra µinch µm Surface roughness (DIN 4768, ISO/DIN 4287/1)
Sm psi N/mm² Calculated edge stress
SS inch mm Thickness of slideplate
ST inch mm Thickness of washer
s inch mm Bush wall thickness
T °F °C Temperature
Tamb °F °C Ambient temperature
Tmax °F °C Maximum temperature
Tmin °F °C Minimum temperature
V fpm m/s Sliding speed
Vlim fpm m/s Maximum sliding speed
α1 1/106K 1/106KCoefficient of linear thermal expansion
σc psi N/mm² Compressive Yield strength
λB BTU·in/hr·ft²·°F W/mK Thermal conductivity
of bearing material
ϕ ° ° Angular displacement
Unit Conversions
SI to ANSI Conversions
1 mm 0.0394 inch
1 Newton = 1N 0.225 lbs.
1 N/mm²= 1 MegaPascal 145 psi
1 m/s 196.85 fpm
°C (°F-32)/1.8
ANSI to SI Conversions
1 inch 25.4 mm
1 Lb. 4.448 Newtons
1 psi 0.0069 N/mm²= 0.0069 MegaPascal
1 fpm 0.0051 m/s
°F (1.8 x °C) +32
mm = millimeters
ft = foot
in = inch
N = Newtons
W = Watts
Lbs. = pounds
psi = pounds per square inch
hr = hour
fpm = feet per minute
m/s = meters per second
°F = degrees Farenheit
°C = degrees Celsius
K = degrees Kelvin
BTU = British Thermal Units
FormulaSymbol
UnitANSI
UnitSI Designation
Content
3
ContentQuality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IFormula Symbolsand Designations . . . . . . . . . . . . . II
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . 41.1 General Characteristics
and Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Wide Application Range . . . . . . 4Low Friction Operation . . . . . . . 5OutstandingDimensional Stability . . . . . . . . 5Wide Range of Sizesand Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2 Material Description . . . . 62.1 GAR-MAX® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.2 GAR-FIL® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.3 Special GAR-MAX® Products
HSG™ and MLG™ . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 Hydropower Products
HPM™ and HPF™ . . . . . . . . . . . 92.5 MEGA LIFE® XT
Thrust Bearings . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.6 Performance
Comparison Chart . . . . . . . . . . 11
3 Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.1 Physical Properties . . . . . . . . . 123.2 Performance Comparison . . . . 133.3 Chemical Resistance . . . . . . . . 14
4 Data for Designers . . . . 164.1 Wear Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164.2 Frictional Properties . . . . . . . . 174.3 Operating Temperature . . . . . . 184.4 Load Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184.5 Surface Velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . 194.6 PV Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194.7 Operating Clearances . . . . . . . 204.8 Dimensional Considerations . 204.9 Shaft Material
and Surface Finish . . . . . . . . . . 214.10 Housing Material . . . . . . . . . . . 214.11 Lubrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5 Performance . . . . . . . . . 225.1 Design Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225.2 Specific Load, P . . . . . . . . . . . . 225.3 Sliding Speed, V . . . . . . . . . . . . 235.4 PV Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235.5 Estimating Bearing Life . . . . . . 24
Cyclic Bearing Life, LQ . . . . . . . . 24High Load Factor, aE . . . . . . . . . 24Temperature Factor - aT . . . . . . 26Mating Material Factor - aM . . . . 26Mating Surface Factor - aS . . . . . 27Bearing Size Factor - aB . . . . . . 27
5.6 Worked Examples . . . . . . . . . . 295.7 Misalignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
6 Installationand Machining . . . . . . . . 33
6.1 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336.2 Machining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Outer Diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Inner Diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Deburring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
7 Standard Products . . . . 347.1 GF, GM, HSG, MLG
(inch sizes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341/8“ wall series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341/4“ wall series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
7.2 GF, GM, HSG, MLG(metric sizes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382.5 mm wall series . . . . . . . . . . . 385 mm wall series . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
7.3 MEGALIFE XT,Thrust Bearings,Inch sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
7.4 MEGALIFE XT,Thrust Bearings,Metric sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
8 Data Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . 448.1 Data for bearing
design calculations . . . . . . . . . 44
9 Other GGBBearing Materials . . . . . 45
1 Introduction
4
1 IntroductionThe purpose of this handbook is to providecomprehensive technical information onthe characteristics of GGB´s family of fila-ment wound, high load, self-lubricatingbearings. The information given permitsdesigners to establish the appropriatematerial required for a particular applica-tion. GGB North America (GGBNA) appli-cations and development engineering ser-vices are available to assist with unusualdesign problems.GGB is the world´s largest manufacturer ofpolymer plain bearings for low mainte-nance and maintenance free applications.This includes an extensive product portfo-lio including metal-polymer bearings, ther-moplastic materials, filament wound com-
posite materials and mono metallicmaterials.GGBNA, is one of six GGB manufacturingfacilities world wide, and has remained theforemost supplier of self-lubricating plainbearings to America´s industrial and auto-motive markets for almost 30 years. GGBis continually refining and extending itsexperimental and theoretical knowledgeand, therefore, when using this brochure itis always worthwhile to contact GGB ifadditional information should be required.As it is impossible to cover all conditions ofoperation that arise in practice, customersare advised to conduct prototype testingwherever possible.
1.1 General Characteristics and AdvantagesTo meet the need for high load, self-lubri-cating bearings that provide low wear ratesin a wide variety of applications, GGB hasdeveloped a comprehensive family of fila-ment wound, composite self-lubricatingbearing materials. These bearings com-bine the excellent lubricating properties offilled PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) with
the high strength and stability of an ori-ented glass fiber wound structure. GGB´sFilament wound bearings employ a tough,high strength composite structure consist-ing of epoxy-impregnated, wound glassfibers oriented to provide the radial andaxial strength required to support highbearing loads.
GAR-MAX® and HSGTM (High StrengthGAR-MAX®) have a bearing surface linerof PTFE and high strength fibers twistedtogether and encapsulated by a high tem-perature epoxy resin that has been furtherenhanced with a self-lubricating additive. MLGTM has a bearing surface liner of PTFEand high strength fibers twisted togetherand encapsulated by a high temperatureresin. GAR-FIL® has a proprietary filled PTFEtape liner bonded to the backing.
HPM™ has a bearing surface liner ofPTFE and high strength fibers twistedtogether and encapsulated by a high tem-perature epoxy resin that has been furtherenhanced with PTFE.HPF™ has a bearing surface liner consist-ing of a proprietary filled PTFE tape linerbonded to the backing. MEGALIFE® XT Thrust washers have aproprietary filled PTFE surface on bothsides of the washers supported by a highstrength composite inner core.
Wide Application RangeLaboratory and field testing have proventhat GGB filament wound bearings provideoutstanding performance in a wide varietyof demanding dry or lubricated bearingapplications. These include off-road vehi-cles, agricultural and automotive equip-
ment, construction equipment, aerial lifts,windmills, materials handling equipment,valves, textile equipment, mechanical andhydraulic presses, waste/recycling equip-ment, processing equipment, packingmachinery, and many more.
1Introduction
5
Low Friction OperationGGB self-lubricating filament wound bear-ings are particularly effective in applica-tions where the relative motion is not suffi-cient to promote circulation of the oil orgrease used with more conventional bear-ings. The natural lubricity of the PTFE
used in the bearing surfaces assures lowfriction in dry applications. In fact, in lowspeed, high pressure type applications.GAR-FIL bearings offer one of the lowestcoefficients of friction of any self-lubricatedbearing material.
Outstanding Dimensional StabilityUnlike many conventional non metallicbearing materials, the high strength com-posite bearing structure of GGB filamentwound bearings offer a thermal expansionrate similar to that of steel. This assuresmaximum dimensional stability and posi-
tive housing retention, even at elevatedtemperatures. Furthermore, GGB filamentwound bearings are dimensionally stablein water. Water absorption and swell arenegligible.
Wide Range of Sizes and ShapesGGB filament wound bearings are avail-able in standard sizes from 12 mm to150 mm [1/2“ to 6“] ID with wall thick-nesses of 2.5 mm and 5 mm [1/8“ and1/4“], including lengths up to 400 mm [16“].On special order, ID sizes from 10 mm toover 500 mm [3/8“ to over 20“] can be fur-nished with custom wall thickness and/orlength as required.
MEGALIFE® XT thrust bearings are avail-able in standard sizes with custom sizesavailable upon request.Special shapes based on customerrequirements are possible as shownbelow. Contact GGB for details.
Fig. 1: Standard Shapes
Fig. 2: Examples for Special Shapes
2 Material Description
6
2 Material Description2.1 GAR-MAX®
Structure Sliding Layer Microsection
Sliding layerContinuous wound PTFE and high-strength fibers encapsu-lated in an internally lubricated, high temperature filled epoxy resin.BackingContinuous wound fiberglass encapsulated in a high temper-ature epoxy resin.
Features Possible Applications Availability
• High load capacity• Excellent shock resistance• Excellent misalignment
resistance• Excellent contamination
resistance• Very good friction and wear
properties• Good chemical resistance
• Steering linkages• hydraulic cylinder pivots• king pin bearings• boom lifts, scissor lifts• cranes, hoists, lift gates• backhoes, trenchers• skid steer loaders• front end loaders…
StandardCylindrical bearings: ID Range: 12 to 150 mm, metric series; 0.5 to 6 inch, inch series.Special orderBearing diameters to 500 mm [20 inches]; flanged bearings; hex and square bores; liner on OD
Bearing Properties SI Unit Value ANSI Unit Value
Ultimate Compressive strength σc
414 N/mm² 60,000 psi
Maximum static load Psta,max
207 N/mm² 30,000 psi
Maximum dynamic load Pdyn,max
138 N/mm² 20,000 psi
Maximum sliding speed Vlim 0.13 m/s 25 fpm
Maximum PV factor 1.05 N/mm²·m/s 30,000 psi·fpm
Maximum temperature Tmax 163 °C 325 °F
Minimum temperature Tmin -196 °C -320 °F
SlidingLayer
Backing
2Material Description
7
2.2 GAR-FIL®
Structure Sliding Layer Microsection
Sliding layerProprietary filled PTFE tape liner, 0.38 mm [.015] standard thickness.BackingContinuous wound fiberglass encapsulated in a high temper-ature epoxy resin.
Features Possible Applications Availability
• High load capacity• Good chemical resistance• Machinable bearing surface• High rotational speed capa-
bility• Very good friction and wear
properties• Excellent contamination
resistance
• Valves• scissor lifts• pulleys• toggle linkages…
StandardCylindrical bearings: ID Range: 12 to 150 mm, metric series; 0.5 to 6 inch, inch series.Special orderBearing diameters to 500 mm [20 inches]; special tape thick-nesses; flanged bearings; hex and square bores; liner on OD
Bearing Properties SI Unit Value ANSI Unit Value
Ultimate Compressive strength σc
379 N/mm² 55,000 psi
Maximum static load Psta,max
138 N/mm² 20,000 psi
Maximum dynamic load Pdyn,max
138 N/mm² 20,000 psi
Maximum sliding speed Vlim 2.50 m/s 500 fpm
Maximum PV factor 1.23 N/mm²·m/s 35,000 psi·fpm
Maximum temperature Tmax 204 °C 400 °F
Minimum temperature Tmin -196 °C -320 °F
SlidingLayer
Backing
2 Material Description
8
2.3 Special GAR-MAX® Products HSG™ and MLG™
Possible applications and availability see 2.1 on Page 6
Structure Sliding Layer Microsection Features
HSG™ - High Strength GAR-MAX
Sliding layerContinuous wound PTFE and high-strength fibers encapsu-lated in an internally lubricated, high temperature filled epoxy resin.BackingContinuous wound fiberglass encapsulated in a high temper-ature epoxy resin.
• High static load capacity - twice as high as standard GAR-MAX
• Excellent shock andmisalignment resistance - better than standard GAR-MAX
• Excellent contamination resistance
• Very good friction and wear properties
• Good chemical resistance
Structure Sliding Layer Microsection Features
MLG™
Sliding layerContinuous wound PTFE and high-strength fibers encapsu-lated in high temperature epoxy resin.BackingContinuous wound fiberglass encapsulated in a high temper-ature epoxy resin.
• Value engineered filament wound bearing for lighter duty applications
• High load capacity• Good misalignment
resistance• Excellent shock resistance• Good friction and wear
properties• Good chemical resistance
Bearing Properties HSG® MLG™
SI Unit Value ANSI Unit Value SI Unit Value ANSI Unit
Value
Ultimate Compressive strength σc
621 N/mm² 90,000 psi 414 N/mm² 60,000 psi
Maximum static load Psta,max
414 N/mm² 60,000 psi 207 N/mm² 30,000 psi
Maximum dynamic load Pdyn,max
138 N/mm² 20,000 psi 138 N/mm² 20,000 psi
Maximum sliding speed Vlim 0.13 m/s 25 fpm 0.13 m/s 25 fpm
Maximum PV factor 1.05 N/mm²·m/s 30,000 psi·fpm 1.05 N/mm²·m/s 30,000 psi·fpm
Maximum temperature Tmax 163 °C 320 °F 163 °C 320 °F
Minimum temperature Tmin -196 °C -320 °F -196 °C -320 °F
SlidingLayer
Backing
SlidingLayer
Backing
2Material Description
9
2.4 Hydropower Products HPM™ and HPF™
Structure Sliding Layer Microsection Features Possible Applications
HPM™ • Specifically developed for hydro-power applications
• High load capacity• Excellent shock and edge load-
ing capacity• Low friction, superior wear rate
and bearing life• Excellent corrosion resistance• Dimensional stability - low water
absorption, no swelling• Environmentally friendly
• Servo-motor bearings• operating ring sliding
segments• linkage bearings• wicket gate bearings• guide vane bearings• intake gate sliding segments• intake gate roller bearings• spillway gate bearings• trash rake bearings• fish screen bearings• trunnion bearings• blade bearings• injector bearings• deflector bearings• ball and butterfly trunnion bear-
ings...
Sliding layerContinuous wound PTFE and high-strength fibers encapsulated in a self-lubricating, high temperature epoxy resin.BackingContinuous wound fiberglass encapsulated in a high temperature epoxy resin.
HPF™
Sliding layerProprietary filled PTFE tape liner.Backing - Flat MaterialContinuous woven fiber glass cloth laminate impregnated and cured with epoxy resin.Backing - Cylindrical BearingsContinuous wound fiberglass encapsulated in a high temperature epoxy resin.
Bearing Properties HPM™ HPF™
AvailabilitySI Unit Value ANSI Unit Value SI Unit Value ANSI Unit Value
Ultimate Compressive strength σc
345 N/mm² 50,000 psi 379 N/mm² 55,000 psiHPM, Special orderCylindrical bearings to 500 mm (20 inches).HPF, Special orderCylindrical bearings, diameters up to 500 mm (20 inches); thrust bear-ings and wear plates.
Maximum static load Psta,max 138 N/mm² 20,000 psi 138 N/mm² 20,000 psi
Maximum dynamic load Pdyn,max
138 N/mm² 20,000 psi 138 N/mm² 20,000 psi
Maximum sliding speed Vlim 0.13 m/s 25 fpm 2.5 m/s 500 fpm
Maximum PV factor 1.23 N/mm²·m/s 35,000 psi·fpm 1.23 N/mm²·m/s 35,000 psi·fpm
Maximum temperature Tmax
- Cylindrical bearing material 163 °C 325 °F 204 °C 400 °F
- Flat Material - - 140 °C 284 °F
Minimum temperature Tmin -196 °C -320 °F -196 °C -320 °F
SlidingLayer
Backing
SlidingLayer
Backing
2 Material Description
10
2.5 MEGALIFE® XT Thrust Bearings
Structure Sliding Layer Microsection Features Possible Applications
MEGALIFE® XT
Sliding layerProprietary filled PTFE tape liner on both sides.CoreContinuously woven layer of fila-ment fiberglass encapsulated in a high temperature epoxy resin.
• High load capacity• Excellent shock resistance• Excellent misalignment
resistance• Good surface speed capability• Excellent contamination
resistance• Very good friction and wear
properties• Good chemical resistance
• Pulley spacers• gear spacers• aerial lifts• fork lift masts• king pins• steering links• lift gates• cranes• backhoes• valve actuator linkages…
SlidingLayer
Core
Bearing Properties MEGALIFE® XT Availability
SI Unit Value ANSI Unit Value MEGALIFE® XT
Ultimate Compressive strength σc
207 N/mm² 30,000 psiStandardThrust bearings, standard sizes see pages 42-43.Special orderFor special sizes contact GGB.
Maximum static load Psta,max 138 N/mm² 20,000 psi
Maximum dynamic load Pdyn,max
138 N/mm² 20,000 psi
Maximum sliding speed Vlim 0.50 m/s 100 fpm
Maximum PV factor 1.23 N/mm²·m/s 35,000 psi·fpm
Maximum temperature Tmax 177 °C 350 °F
Minimum temperature Tmin -196 °C -320 °F
2Material Description
11
2.6 Performance Comparison Chart
Table 1: Performance Comparison Chart
Material Load Carrying Capability
Shock Loading Resistance
SpeedCapability
Contamination Resistance
Misalignment Resistance Machinability
GAR-MAX 1 2 3 1 2 4
GAR-FIL 1 3 1 2 4 1
HSG 1 1 3 1 1 4
MLG 1 2 3 2 3 4
HPM 1 2 3 1 2 4
HPF, Flat Material 1 3 1 2 4 1
HPF, Cylindrical Bearing 1 3 1 2 4 1
MEGALIFE XT 2 3 2 2 3 2
Ranking
1 Excellent
2 Good
3 Fair
4 Not Recommended
3 Properties
12
3 Properties3.1 Physical PropertiesTable 2 shows the physical properties ofGGB´s filament wound bearings.
High load capacity without lubricationThe ultimate compressive strength andmaximum dynamic capacity of GGB fila-ment wound bearings without lubrication
exceed those of most other bearing materi-als with lubrication.
Wide operating temperature rangeGGB filament wound bearings can operateat much higher temperatures than lubri-cated bearings. This opens new applica-
tion opportunities where metallic bearingscannot function because of the limited tem-perature range of most greases and oils.
Thermal dimensional stabilityGGB filament wound bearings have a ther-mal expansion rate similar to steel andcast iron. There is less chance of them los-ing their press fit or binding the shaft when
exposed to extremes of temperature. Thisis not the case with many other non-metal-lic bearings.
Weight savingsGGB filament wound bearings are 75%lighter than similarly sized bronze or steelbearings. This can result in a substantial
weight saving, especially with larger bear-ings.
Table 2: Physical properties of GGB filament wound bearings
PhysicalProperties Units GAR-MAX GAR-FIL HSG MLG HPM
HPFFlat
Material
HPFBearing Material
MEGA-LIFEXT
Ultimate Compres-sive Strength
N/mm² 414 379 621 414 345 379 379 207psi 60,000 55,000 90,000 60,000 50,000 55,000 55,000 30,000
Static LoadCapacity
N/mm² 207 138 414 207 138 138 138 138psi 30,000 20,000 60,000 30,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000
Maximum DynamicLoad Capacity
N/mm² 138 138 138 138 138 138 138 69psi 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 10,000
Max. RelativeSurface Speed
m/s 0.13 2.50 0.13 0.13 0.13 2.50 2.50 0.50fpm 25 500 25 25 25 500 500 100
MaximumPV Factor
N/mm²·m/s 1.05 1.23 1.05 1.05 1.23 1.23 1.23 1.23psi·fpm 30,000 35,000 30,000 30,000 35,000 35,000 35,000 35,000
Max. Operating Temperature
°C 163 204 163 163 163 140 204 177°F 325 400 325 325 325 284 400 350
Min. OperatingTemperature
°C -196 -196 -196 -196 -196 -196 -196 -196°F -320 -320 -320 -320 -320 -320 -320 -320
ThermalExpansionRate - Hoop
10-6/K 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 10.8* 12.6 12.6*
10-6/°F 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.0* 7.0 7.0*
ThermalExpansionRate - Axial
10-6/K 27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 - 27.0 -
10-6/°F 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 - 15.0 -
Thermal Conductivity
W/mK 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.29 0.26 0.26BTU·in/hr·ft²·°F 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.8
Specific Gravity - 1.87 1.96 1.87 1.87 1.87 1.9 1.96 1.85* lengthwise
3Properties
13
3.2 Performance ComparisonTable 3 presents the properties informationin a convenient table to help you choosethe best product for your application.
Table 3: Comparison of various bearing materials
NoteActual performance depends on the inter-action of many parameters that may varywith the specific application. For example,maximum values listed for loads, speeds,and temperature cannot be used simulta-neously. However, in certain applications,individual values can be exceeded. Forconditions that do exceed the recom-mended design limits, contact our Engi-neering Department.
Material
Max. Dynamic Capacity(<0.025 m/s (5 sfpm)) Maximum Temperature Thermal Expansion
Rate - Hoop SpecificGravity
N/mm² psi °C °F 10-6/K 10-6/°FCast Bronze* 41 6,000 71 160 18.0 10.0 8.80
Porous Bronze** 28 4,000 71 160 18.0 10.0 7.50
Alloyed Bronze* 69 10,000 93 200 28.8 16.0 8.10
Steel-Backed Bronze* 24 3,500 93 200 14.4 8.0 8.00
Hardened Steel* 276 40,000 93 200 12.6 7.0 7.90
Zinc Aluminum* 38 5,500 93 200 27.0 15.0 5.00
Fabric-Reinforced Phenolic* 41 6,000 93 200 36.0 20.0 1.60
Reinforced PTFE 14 2,000 260 500 99.0 55.0 2.00
GAR-MAX 138 20,000 163 325 12.6 7.0 1.87
GAR-FIL 138 20,000 204 400 12.6 7.0 1.96
HSG 138 20,000 163 325 12.6 7.0 1.87
MLG 138 20,000 163 325 12.6 7.0 1.87
HPM 138 20,000 163 325 12.6 7.0 1.87
HPF, Flat Material 138 20,000 140 284 10.8*** 6.0*** 1.90
HPF, Cylindrical Bearing 138 20,000 204 400 12.6 7.0 1.96
MEGALIFE
MEGALIFE
XT 69 10,000 177 350 12.6*** 7.0*** 1.85
*with lubrication; **oil impregnated; ***lengthwise
3 Properties
14
3.3 Chemical ResistanceGGB´s filament wound bearings are resis-tant to a wide variety of chemicals includ-ing acids, bases, salt solutions, oils, fuels,alcohols, solvents and gases.In fact GGB filament wound bearings offergreater chemical resistance than metallicbearings. However, GAR-FIL is resistant tothe greater number of chemicals, and isused in a wide range of valves employed inthe chemical processing industry as wellas for fire-safe valves.
The chemical resistance of GGB´s filamentwound bearings to many common chemi-cals at 70 °F is shown in Table 4.We recommend conducting a chemicalresistance test prior to specifying a bearingthat will be exposed to a chemical. Aneffective test (ASTM D 543) is to submergea sample bearing in the subject chemicalat the maximum anticipated operating tem-perature for seven days. If there is achange in the weight, dimensions, or com-pressive strength of the bearing, then thebearing is not resistant to the chemical.
GAR-MAX GAR-FIL HSG MLG HPM HPF
Acids 10%Acetic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesArsenic No Yes No No No YesBoric Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesCarbonic No No No No No NoCitric Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesHydrochloric Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesHydro-fluoric No No No No No NoNitric No No No No No NoSulfuric Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesBases 10%Aluminum Hydroxide Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesCalcium Hydroxide Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesMagnesium Hydroxide Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesPotassium Hydroxide Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSodium Hydroxide Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSaltsAluminum Chloride Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesAluminum Nitrate Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesAluminum Sulfate Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesCalcium Chloride Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesFerric Chloride Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesMagnesium Carbonate Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesMagnesium Chloride Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesMagnesium Sulfate Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSodium Acetate Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSodium Bicarbonate Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSodium Bisulfate Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSodium Chloride Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSodium Nitrate Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesZinc Sulfate Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesAlcoholsAcetol Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesAllyl No No No No No NoAmyI Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesButyl No No No No No NoEthyl Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
3Properties
15
Table 4: Chemical resistance
Iso Butyl Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesIso PropyI Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesMethyl Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesPropyI Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSolventsAcetone Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesBenzene No No No No No NoCarbon Tetrachloride Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesMethylene Chloride No No No No No NoMethyl Ethyl Ketone Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesNaphtha Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesToluol Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesTrichlorethane No Yes No No No YesOilsCottonseed Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesCrude Oil Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesHydraulic Fluids Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesLinseed Oil Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesMotor Oil Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesTransmission Fluids Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesFuelsDiesel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesGasoline Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesJet Fuel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesKerosene Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesGases Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesAcetylene Bromine No No No No No NoButane Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesCarbon Dioxide Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesChlorine No Yes No No No YesEthers Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesFluorine No No No No No NoHydrogen Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesNatural Gas Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesNitrogen Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesOzone Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesPropane Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSulfur Dioxide Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesMiscellaneousAnhydrous Ammonia No No No No No NoDetergents Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesEthylene Glycol Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesFormaldehyde Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesFreon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesHydrogen Peroxide No No No No No NoLime Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesWater Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
GAR-MAX GAR-FIL HSG MLG HPM HPF
4 Data for Designers
16
4 Data for Designers4.1 Wear RateIn the high load applications anticipated forfilament wound bearings, radial displace-ment will result from a combination ofmany variables. These include adhesivewear, abrasion, deformation due to mis-alignment of the shaft, high interface tem-peratures, ingress of dirt, fluid contamina-tion and mating surface conditions. Withdesign pressures of less than 69 N/mm²
[10,000 psi], millions of cycles can beachieved with GAR-MAX, HSG, GAR-FIL,HPM and HPF bearings.Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show the rate of wearmeasured in continuous cycle testing for aGAR-MAX and GAR-FIL bearing operatingat 103 N/mm² [15,000 psi].
Fig. 3: Wear rate for GAR-MAX
Fig. 4: Wear rate for GAR-FIL
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
0.000
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.008
0.009
0.010
Cycles
Wea
r, m
m
Wea
r, in
ch
GAR-MAX WEARBearing: GM1620-012ID: 25.40 mm [1.000 inch]Length: 19.05 mm [0.750 inch]Shaft: 1045 Steel, 58-63 RcFinish Ra: 0.4 µm [16 µinch]P = 103 N/mm² [15,000 psi]Oscillation rate: 15 cpm at ±30°V = 0.007 m/s [1.3 fpm]PV = 0.68 N/mm²·m/s [19,500 psi·fpm]
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
0.000
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.008
0.009
0.010
Cycles
Wea
r, m
m
Wea
r, in
chGAR-FIL WEARBearing: GF1620-012ID: 25.40 mm [1.000 inch]Length: 19.05 mm [0.750 inch]Shaft: 1045 Steel, 58-63 RcFinish Ra: 0.4 µm [16 µinch]P = 103 N/mm² [15,000 psi]Oscillation rate: 15 cpm at ±30°V = 0.007 m/s [1.3 fpm]PV = 0.68 N/mm²·m/s [19,500 psi·fpm]
4Data for Designers
17
4.2 Frictional PropertiesThe prime factors affecting the friction offilament wound bearings are pressure,velocity, temperature and mating surfaceconditions. Generally, the pressure is themost influential.
Fig. 5 shows how friction changes at vari-ous pressures. This information can beused to estimate the torque required to ini-tiate motion in GGB filament wound bear-ings:
orThis equation can be used to determinefrictional losses that a bearing contributesto a system.
Fig. 5: Coefficient of friction vs specific loadWith frequent starts and stops, the staticcoefficient of friction is approximately equalto or slightly less than the dynamic coeffi-cient of friction as measured in laboratorytesting. After progressively longer periodsof sitting idle or dwell under load (e.g., ofhours or days), the static coefficient of fric-tion of the first movement has been mea-
sured to be up to 200% higher, particularlybefore bedding-in. This phenomenon mustbe considered when designing long dwellperiod applications. Extremely low torqueapplications should be monitored or specif-ically tested for friction when prime movertorque requirements must be determined.
Torqueµ F Di⋅ ⋅
2000---------------------=
(4.2.1) [N·m]
Torqueµ F Di⋅ ⋅
2---------------------=
(4.2.2) [lbs·in]
Where
µ coefficient of friction
F Applied load [Newtons] or [pounds]
Di Bearing nominal ID, [mm] or [inches]
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.12
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000
MLG
GAR-MAX
GAR-FIL
Test Conditions:ID: 25.4 mm [1.00 inch]OD: 31.75 mm [1.25 inch]Length: 19.05 mm [0.75 inch]Shaft: 1040 Steel, 58-63 RcFinish Ra: 0.13 µm [5 µinch]Oscillation rate: 15 cpm at ±30°V = 0.007 m/s [1.3 fpm]Break-in for 24 hours at 103 N/mm² [15,000 psi] prior to measuring friction
Specific Load [N/mm²]
Coe
ffici
ent o
f fric
tion
µ
Specific Load [psi]
4 Data for Designers
18
4.3 Operating TemperatureOperating temperature is an importantconsideration when specifying bearingmaterials since temperature will have adirect affect on bearing load capacity andwear resistance. GGB filament woundbearings consist of a rugged outer shell offilament wound fiberglass encapsulated inhigh temperature epoxy. This combinationof materials permit GGB filament woundbearings to operate at higher temperaturesthan most other conventional plain bear-
ings as indicated in Table 3. At elevatedtemperatures GGB filament wound bear-ings have reduced load carrying capabili-ties due to the softening of the self-lubricat-ing surfaces; however, GAR-MAX, HSG,MLG and HPM are not influenced by tem-perature to the same degree as GAR-FILand HPF. GAR-FIL bearings have beenused in low temperature (cryogenic) appli-cations.
4.4 Load CapacityThe maximum unit load which can be sup-ported by filament wound bearings willdepend upon the type of loading. It will behighest under steady loads, whereas,dynamic loads or oscillating motion, whichproduce fatigue stresses in the bearing,will result in a reduction of load capacity.The maximum unit loads specified inTable 2 assume good alignment betweenthe bearing and mating surface and run-ning clearances listed in the standardproduct tables on pages 32 through 41.The maximum static and dynamic loadsgiven in Table 2 are based on bearingshaving a wall thickness of 2.5 mm [0.100inch] or greater. Thin-walled bearings,those with a wall thickness between1.5 mm [0.060 inch] and 2.5 mm[0.100 inch] have a reduced load capacitybecause of the reduced number of filamentwound fiberglass crossovers that consti-tute the backing material. Wall thicknessesgreater than 6.35 mm [0.250 inch] do notincrease load capacity.Many applications for GAR-MAX and HSGbearings involve applied loads plus thepresence of shock and impulse loading
along with additional loads due to struc-tural bending. As an example, hydrauliccylinder pivots or clevis joints used in frontend loaders, graders, and other types ofoff-highway vehicles require the consider-ation of misalignment and G-impact force.Experience gained in the application ofGAR-MAX and HSG bearings on this typeof equipment has led us to recommend themaximum specific load (pressures) shownin Table 5. Greater specific loads haveshown surface distress in operation sincethe cumulative influence of misalignmentand shock will increase the actual specificload.The bearing length can also influence thedistribution of load along the length of thebearing. A bearing that is heavily loadedand having a relatively long length will, dueto shaft deflection, have disproportionatelyhigh unit loading at each end. For this rea-son, we do not recommend length-to-diam-eter ratios that are greater than 2.0. Con-versely, very short bearings, those withlength-to-diameter ratios less than 0.25are not recommended because of potentialbearing retention problems.
4Data for Designers
19
Table 5: Specific application impact loading factors
4.5 Surface VelocityGGB´s filament wound bearings can oper-ate over a wide range of operating veloci-ties as shown in Table 2.GAR-FIL and HPF bearings can operatewithout lubrication at speeds up to 2.5 m/s[500 fpm] with a maximum PV value to0.3 N/mm²·m/s [9,000 psi·fpm]. This per-formance capability is due to the propri-etary filled-PTFE liner. Since surfacevelocity influences the amount of heat gen-erated in a plain bearing, additional clear-ance may be required at higher operatingspeeds. With GAR-FIL and HPF bearings,when operating over 0.25 m/s [50 fpm],additional clearances are required to
accommodate for thermal expansion dueto the heat generated.GAR-MAX, HSG, MLG and HPM bear-ings, which have a maximum speed limit of0.13 m/s [25 fpm], are more suitable forhigh-load and low-speed applications.Since most GAR-MAX, HSG, MLG andHPM bearings are designed to operate atless than 0.05 m/s [10 fpm], additionalclearances are normally not required.MEGALIFE XP bearings are limited to0.10 m/s [20 fpm].MEGALIFE XT thrust washers are limitedto 0.50 m/s [100 fpm].
4.6 PV FactorThe PV factor, which is the product of spe-cific load (pressure) times surface velocity,is used as a guide in determining the use-ful life of plain bearings and is also an indi-cation of heat generated within the bearingcontact zone. The maximum PV factorslisted In Table 2 are based on high-loadand low-speed applications. The calcu-lated unit load P, relative surface velocity Vand operating temperature must be usedalong with the PV factor when selecting a
bearing material for a given application.These values are then compared againstpublished maximum recommended valuesfor load, speed, temperature and PV forthe bearing material. For an application tobe successful, each of the application val-ues must not exceed the published maxi-mum recommended values. To completethe bearing analysis, bearing life should beestimated using the method given in sec-tion 5.5.
ApplicationDesign Specific Load*
Impact [G]N/mm² psi
Dozer Yoke 34 5,000 3Excavators 34 5,000 3Back Hoes 34 5,000 3Loader Linkage 34 5,000 3Rollers 48 7,000 2Bogie Wheel Pivots 48 7,000 2Track Frame Pivots 48 7,000 2Steer Cylinders 69 10,000 1Control Linkage 69 10,000 1Dump/Swing Cylinders 69 10,000 1* Includes hydraulic check valve pressure but does not include impact, misalignment or vehicle driv-ing force
4 Data for Designers
20
4.7 Operating ClearancesProper running clearance is a critical factorin bearing performance. In low speed oscil-lating pivot applications, the minimum pos-sible recommended clearance can be assmall as 0.013 mm [0.0005 inch] for fila-ment wound bearings. The shaft or pin willfit nearly line-to-line during the assemblyprocess. However, since little or no heat isgenerated during very slow oscillatingoperation, additional clearance is notrequired. For more dynamic applicationsinvolving continuous rotation at higherspeeds or elevated ambient temperatures,minimum clearances may be as high as0.005 mm/mm [0.005 inch/inch] of diame-ter.
GAR-MAX, HSG, MLG, HPM andbearings cannot be sized or machinedon their ID due to the liner composition.However, GAR-FIL and HPF bearingscan be sized or machined for closetolerance control. Standard GAR-FIL andHPF bearings are supplied with a0.38 mm [0.015 inch] thick proprietaryfilled-PTFE tape liner that can be bored atassembly if necessary. GAR-FIL and HPFbearings can also be furnished with athicker liner that allows for a greateramount of boring. For further information,contact GGB.
4.8 Dimensional ConsiderationsBefore designing a special GGB filamentwound bearing, there are several importantconsiderations to keep in mind:• Wall Thickness
Bearings with wall thicknesses less than2.5 mm [0.100 inch] should be avoidedsince thin-walled bearings have reducedload capacity, approximately 50% lessthan our rated load capacity for GGB fila-ment wound bearings. The minimumrecommended wall thickness is 1.5 mm[0.060 inch]. Wall thicknesses greaterthan 6.35 mm [0.250 inch] do notincrease load capacity.
• ClearanceAs noted previously, the minimum run-ning clearance applies only to low speedapplications operating at ambient tem-peratures. For GAR-FIL and HPF bear-ings operating at surface speeds greaterthan 0.25 m/s [50 fpm] or at elevatedtemperatures, additional clearance maybe required.
• Bearing LengthIn designing bearings, the shaft diameteris usually determined by the need forphysical stability or stiffness; therefore,only the bearing length must be deter-mined based upon operating pressureand required life. A short bearing shouldbe limited to a length-to-diameter ratio of0.25 as a minimum to insure sufficientretention in the housing. A long bearingis not recommended because of poten-tial shaft deflection and misalignmentproblems as described in Section 5.7. Along heavily loaded bearing will havedisproportionately high specific loadingat each end due to shaft deflection. Forthis reason, we do not recommendlength-to-diameter ratios greater than2.0.
4Data for Designers
21
4.9 Shaft Material and Surface FinishSince the shaft is considered to be anequal part of the bearing assembly, theimportance of proper shaft specificationcannot be overemphasized. Most steelalloys are acceptable as shaft materials.Hardened steel shafts offer better perfor-mance in high load applications or in thepresence of abrasive contaminants by pro-viding greater protection for the matingsurface. When bearing operating pres-sures exceed a value of about 14 N/mm²[2,000 psi], minimum shaft hardnessshould be at least Brinnel 480 HB [Rock-well C50]. Fully hardened shafts are usu-ally not necessary. GGB filament woundbearings offer good embeddibility in thepresence of contaminants; however, westrongly recommend the use of seals.Hardened stainless steel or hard chrome
plating is recommended when corrosionresistance is required.Equally important as material selection isshaft surface finish. A surface finishbetween 0.15 to 0.40 micrometers [6 to 16microinches] will insure the most effectivebearing performance by assuring maxi-mum bearing wear resistance and lowestcoefficient of friction. Rougher surface fin-ishes can be used but there will be areduction in bearing life. This is due to therough shaft abrading the relatively softpolymer liner of the bearings.We recommend that the ends of the shafthave chamfers or rounded edges to facili-tate assembly and minimize the chance ofscoring the bearing.
4.10 Housing MaterialThe running clearances given in section 7for standard GGB filament wound bearingsare based upon installation in rigid steel orcast iron housings at normal ambient tem-perature. If the housing is made from non-ferrous alloys, such as aluminum, and willbe subjected to elevated operating temper-atures, there will be a potential for reducedbearing retention due to the thermalexpansion of the housing. In applications
where non-ferrous alloy housings are to beused at elevated temperatures, the inter-ference between the bearing and housingbore may have to be increased to assureadequate retention of the bearing in thehousing. To prevent shaft interference atassembly, the shaft diameter must beequally reduced to compensate for theadditional interference fit. For further infor-mation contact GGB.
4.11 LubricationGGB filament wound bearings are recom-mended to be used dry. However, greasecan be used to protect and/or to purge thebearing zone of corrosion or contaminants.In applications where high cyclic vibrationsare present, hydrostatic erosion of linerfibers by the grease may occur over longperiods of time. This should be monitoredto assure liner integrity over the operatinglife of the equipment.GAR-FIL and HPF bearings can be usedwhen submerged in oil or other lubricatingliquids. Liquidous lubricants will reduce thecoefficient of friction and bearing wear.However, the lubricant must be constantlymaintained and kept free of abrasive con-taminants. Grease is not recommended forGAR-FIL and HPF bearings.
HPM and HPF bearings are specificallydesigned for hydropower applicationswhere they can be used both dry and sub-merged in water. We recommend thathardened stainless steel shafting, such as440 stainless steel, be used to minimizethe chance of shaft corrosion.
MEGALIFE XT washers and wear platesare typically used dry but can also be usedin greased applications.
Liquid lubricants and greases attract con-taminating particles that may migrate intothe bearing. To minimize bearing contami-nation, the use of seals or wipers is highlyrecommended.
5 Performance
22
5 PerformanceThe following section describes how toestimate bearing life for GGB filamentwound bearings. This method involves cal-culation of the PV factor which is then fur-ther modified by application factors for unit
loading, bearing length, operating temper-ature, mating surface and bearing diame-ter. If you need additional assistance inestimating bearing life, feel free to contactGGB.
5.1 Design FactorsThe main parameters when determiningthe size or estimating the service life for aGGB filament wound bearing are:• Specific load limit, Plim• PV factor• Length-to-diameter ratio• Mating surface finish
• Mating surface material• Temperature• Other environmental factors, e.g.,
housing design, dirt, lubrication
5.2 Specific Load, PThe formula for calculating the specificload, P, for bearings is:
Bearing
Fig. 6: Projected area for bearing
Where
P Specific load, [N/mm²] or [psi]
F Applied load [Newtons] or [pounds]
Di Nominal ID, [mm] or [inches]
B Bearing length, [mm] or [inches]
P FDi B⋅--------------=
(5.2.1) [N/mm2] or [psi]
BD
i
Projected AreaA = Di x B
5Performance
23
5.3 Sliding Speed, V The formulae for calculating sliding speedare:
Bearings or
For oscillating applications
Fig. 7: Oscillating cycle, ϕ
5.4 PV FactorThe useful life of a GGB filament woundbearing is governed by the PV factor, theproduct of the specific load, P, and the slid-ing speed, V, as defined in 5.2 and 5.3respectively.The formula for calculating PV is:
VDi π N⋅ ⋅
60 103⋅----------------------=
(5.3.1) [m/s]
VDi π N⋅ ⋅
12----------------------=
(5.3.2) [fpm]
Where
V Sliding speed, [m/s] or [fpm]
N Rotational speed, [1/min]
Where
Nosc Oscillating movement frequency, [1/min]
ϕ Angular displacement, [°]
N4 ϕ Nosc⋅ ⋅
360----------------------------=
(5.3.3) [1/min] ϕ ϕ
412 3
PV P V⋅=
(5.4.1) [N/mm2·m/s] or [psi·fpm]
5 Performance
24
5.5 Estimating Bearing Life
Cyclic Bearing Life, LQThe cyclic bearing life of a GGB filamentwound sleeve bearing is estimated byusing the following formulae:
GAR-MAX and HSG
MLG
GAR-FIL
Table 6: Cyclic Life Factors
High Load Factor, aEThe high load factor considers both theeffect of the specific load and the bearing'sB/Di (length-to-diameter) ratio. Table 7shows the specific load limit, Plim, for vari-ous operating conditions. Fig. 8 shows agraph of the length factor, aB/Di, versus
B/Di. Once the values for Plim and aB/Di areselected, the high load factor, aE, can becalculated as shown. If the calculated aEvalue is negative, then the designer mustconsider a larger bearing in order toreduce the specific load, P.
LQQGMPV
------------- aE aT aM aS aB⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅=
(5.5.1) [cycles]
LQQMLG
PV---------------- aE aT aM aS aB⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅=
(5.5.2) [cycles]
LQQGFPV
----------- aE aT aM aS aB⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅=
(5.5.3) [cycles]
Where
LQ Estimated bearing life, [cycles]
QGFGAR-FIL cyclic life factor,see Table 6
QGMGAR-MAX and HSG cyclic life factor, see Table 6
QMLGMLG cyclic life factor,see Table 6
PV PV factor, P⋅V, [N/mm²·m/s] or [psi·fpm]
aE High load factor
aT Temperature factor
aM Mating surface factor
aS Surface finish factor
aB Bearing size factor
Product FactorCyclic Life Factors
N/mm²·m/s psi·fpm
GAR-MAX QGM 3.8·106 11.0·1010
HSG QGM 3.8·106 11.0·1010
MLG QMLG 1.4·106 4.0·1010
GAR-FIL QGF 2.4·106 7.0·1010
aEPlim P–
Plim------------------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞
aB Di⁄=
(5.5.4) Where
PlimSpecific load limit,see Table 7, [N/mm²] or [psi]
P Specific load, [N/mm²] or [psi]
aB/Di B/Di factor taken from Fig. 8
5Performance
25
Table 7: Specific load limit, Plim
Fig. 8: B/Di factor aB/Di
Type of Load
Fig. 9: Steady load, Bush Stationary, Shaft rotating
Fig. 10: Rotating load, shaft stationary, bush rotating
Type of loading Units
Specific Load Limit Plim
GAR-MAX, HSG, MLG GAR-FIL
Steady unidirectional loads relative to the bear-ing surface with rotation in one direction only.
N/mm² 138 138
psi 20,000 20,000
Steady unidirectional loads with oscillating motion.
N/mm² 138 138
psi 20,000 20,000
Dynamic loads, alternating or fluctuating, with rotating or oscillating motion.
N/mm² 103 103
psi 15,000 15,000
Rotating load relative to bearing surface, e.g., fully rotational bearing on stationary shaft.
N/mm² 55 (<0.025 m/s) 14 (<0.125 m/s)
psi 8,000 (<5 fpm) 2,000 (<25 fpm)
1.00
0.00 0.25
1.10
1.30
1.20
B/Di ratio
B/D
i Fac
tor (
a B/D
i)
1.15
1.05
1.25
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
0.95
F2---
F2---
F F2---
F2---
F
5 Performance
26
Temperature Factor - aTThe effect of environmental temperatureon the bearing life is given in Fig. 11. Ele-vated temperatures tend to soften the non-metallic bearing surface resulting inreduced wear resistance and load capac-ity. Since the bearing surface of GAR-FILconsists of a proprietary filled PTFE mate-
rial, bearing life will be influenced by tem-perature to a greater degree than GAR-MAX, HSG and MLG. When the operatingtemperature approaches the top limit of205 °C [400 °F] for GAR-FIL or 163 °C[325 °F] for GAR-MAX, HSG and MLG,contact GGB.
Fig. 11: Temperature factor aT
Mating Material Factor - aMThe effect of shaft material on self-lubricat-ing bearing life is reflected in Table 8 whichlists the mating surface material factors,aM, for many commonly used shaft materi-
als and shaft finishes. When plated shaft-ing is to be used, designers should specifythat the plating possesses adequatestrength and adhesion.
Table 8: Mating Surface Factor aM
Temperature [°C]
Tem
pera
ture
Fac
tor (
a T)
Temperature [°F]
GAR-MAX, HSG, MLG
GAR-FIL
-25
0
25 75 100
0.4
1.2
0.8
0.6
0.2
1.0
125 150 175500 225200
0 100 200 250 300 350 40015050
Material Mating Surface Factor aM
Steels
Case-hardened Steel 1Mild Steel 1Nitrided Steel 1Hardened Stainless Steel 1.2Non-Ferrous Metals
Bronze & Copper Based Alloys 0.1-0.4
Hard Anodized Aluminium, 0.025 mm (0.001 inch) thick 1.5
Plated Steel, 0.013 mm (0.0005 inch) minimum plating thickness
Hard Chrome (polished after plating) 1.2Tin Nickel 1.2Tungsten Carbide Flame Plated 1.5Zinc (Galvanized) 0.2
5Performance
27
Mating Surface Factor - aSShaft surface finish is a very importantconsideration when estimating bearing life.Fig. 12 shows a relationship of the matingsurface factor, aS, with respect to surfacefinish in micrometers [microinches]. Tomaximize bearing life, a surface finish of0.15 to 0.40 µm [6 to 16 µinch] Ra is rec-ommended. Rougher surface finishes willresult in reduced bearing life because theywill tend to rake through the soft polymer
liners and accelerate wear. On the otherhand, very fine finishes do not permit theadequate transfer of the self-lubricatingmaterial onto the shaft surface and willalso tend to reduce bearing life in dry appli-cations. If rougher finishes are to be con-sidered, testing should be conductedbased on dynamics and operating pres-sures for the application.
Fig. 12: Mating Surface Factor aS
Bearing Size Factor - aBAs the bearing size increases there is arelatively smaller angular contact areaafter initial bedding-in occurs. This reduc-tion in contact area has the effect of
increasing the actual unit loading and con-sequently will result in reducing bearinglife. The bearing size factor aB versus shaftdiameter is plotted in Fig. 14.
Fig. 13: Contact area between bearing and shaft.
0.2
0.0 0.1
0.6
1.0
Surface Finish [µm]
Sur
face
Fin
ish
Fact
or (a
S)
0.8
0.4
1.2
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
0.0
GAR-MAX, HSG, MLG
GAR-FIL
Surface Finish [µinch]
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
5 Performance
28
Fig. 14: Bearing Size Factor aB
Shaft Diameter [mm]
Bea
ring
Siz
e Fa
ctor
(aB)
0.6
0 25
0.8
1.0
0.9
0.7
1.1
50 75 100 125 150 175 2000.5
Shaft Diameter [inches]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
5Performance
29
5.6 Worked ExamplesGAR-MAX®
GivenLoad Details Steady Load Inside Diameter, Di 2.25 inch
Shaft oscillating Length, B 2.00 inchShaft Hardened Steel, Ra = 20 µinch Bearing Load, F 60,000 poundsEnvironment Ambient Temperature = 72 °F Frequency, Nosc I5 cycles/min.
Amplitude, φ 20°
Calculation Constants and Application FactorsSpecific Load Limit, P 20,000 psi (Table 7, Page 25)B/Di Factor, aB/Di I.0 (Fig. 8, Page 25)Temperature Factor, aT I.0 (Fig. 11, Page 26)Mating Material Factor, aM I.0 (Table 8, Page 26)Mating Surface Factor, aS 0.9 (Fig. 12, Page 27)Bearing Size Factor, aB 0.96 (Fig. 14, Page 28)Cyclic Life Factor, QGM II·I0I0 psi·fpm (Table 6, Page 24)
Calculation Reference ValueSpecific Load, P[N/mm²] or[psi]
(5.2.1), Page 22
Sliding Speed, V[m/s] or [fpm]
(5.3.1), Page 23
PV Factor, PV[N/mm²·m/s] or[psi·fpm]
(5.4.1), Page 23
High Load Factor, aE (5.5.4), Page 24
Life, LQ[cycles]
(5.5.1), Page 24
BDi----- 2 00,
2 25,------------- 0 89,= =2.002.25
0.89
P FDi B⋅------------- 60 000,
2 25, 2 00,⋅------------------------------= = =2.25 · 2.00 I3,333 psi
V Di π N⋅ ⋅I2
---------------------- 2 25, π 3 333,⋅ ⋅I2
-----------------------------------------= = = I.96 fpm2.25 · π · 3.333 N( 4 φ Nosc⋅ ⋅
360--------------------------= = 3.333 rpm)
PV P V⋅ 23 333, 2 96,⋅= = =I3,333 · I.96 26,I33 psi ·fpm
aEPlim P–
Plim-----------------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞
aB Di⁄ 20 000, I3 333,–20 000,
----------------------------------------------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞= = = 0.333
I.0
LQQGM
PV----------- aE aT aM aS aB⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅= II I0I0⋅
26 I33,------------------= · 0.333 · I.0 · I.0 · 0.9 · 0.96 = I.2 · I06 cycles
GAR-FIL®
GivenLoad Details Steady Load Inside Diameter, Di 40 mm
Shaft oscillating Length, B 20 mmShaft Hardened Steel, Ra = 0.2 µm Bearing Load, F 50,000 NewtonsEnvironment Ambient Temperature = 75 °C Frequency, Nosc I0 cycles/min.
Amplitude, φ 30°
Calculation Constants and Application FactorsSpecific Load Limit, P 138 N/mm² (Table 7, Page 25)B/Di Factor, aB/Di I.05 (Fig. 8, Page 25)Temperature Factor, aT 0.9 (Fig. 11, Page 26)Mating Material Factor, aM I.2 (Table 8, Page 26)Mating Surface Factor, aS I.0 (Fig. 12, Page 27)Bearing Size Factor, aB 0.98 (Fig. 14, Page 28)Cyclic Life Factor, QGF 2.4·I06 N/mm²·m/s (Table 6, Page 24)
Calculation Reference ValueSpecific Load, P[N/mm²] or[psi]
(5.2.1), Page 22
Sliding Speed, V[m/s] or [fpm]
(5.3.1), Page 23
PV Factor, PV[N/mm²·m/s] or[psi·fpm]
(5.4.1), Page 23
High Load Factor, aE (5.5.4), Page 24
Life, LQ[cycles]
(5.5.1), Page 24
BDi----- 40
40------ 0 89,= = 0.5
P FDi B⋅------------- 50 000,
40 20⋅-------------------= = = 62.5 N/mm²
V Di π N⋅ ⋅60 I03⋅---------------------- 40 π 3 333,⋅ ⋅
60 I03⋅-----------------------------------= = = 0.007 m/s40 · π · 3.333 N( 4 φ Nosc⋅ ⋅
360--------------------------= = 3.333 rpm)
PV P V⋅ 23 333, 2 96,⋅= = =62.5 · 0.007 0.438 N/mm² · m/s
aEPlim P–
Plim-----------------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞
aB Di⁄ 22222222I38
--------------------------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞= = = 0.53II38 - 62.5 I.05
LQQGM
PV----------- aE aT aM aS aB⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅= 2 4, I0⋅
26 233,-------------------=0.438 · 0.53I · 0.9 · I.2 · I.0 · 0.98 = 3.I · I06 cycles2.4 · I06
5 Performance
30
HSG™
GivenLoad Details Dynamic Loads Inside Diameter, Di 6.00 inch
Shaft oscillating Length, B 4.00 inchShaft Hardened Steel, Ra = I6 µinch Bearing Load, F 180,000 poundsEnvironment Ambient Temperature = 72 °F Frequency, Nosc 6 cycles/min.
Amplitude, φ 15°
Calculation Constants and Application FactorsSpecific Load Limit, P I5,000 psi (Table 7, Page 25)B/Di Factor, aB/Di I.02 (Fig. 8, Page 25)Temperature Factor, aT I.0 (Fig. 11, Page 26)Mating Material Factor, aM I.0 (Table 8, Page 26)Mating Surface Factor, aS I.0 (Fig. 12, Page 27)Bearing Size Factor, aB 0.85 (Fig. 14, Page 28)Cyclic Life Factor, QGM II·I0I0 psi·fpm (Table 6, Page 24)
Calculation Reference ValueSpecific Load, P[N/mm²] or[psi]
(5.2.1), Page 22
Sliding Speed, V[m/s] or [fpm]
(5.3.1), Page 23
PV Factor, PV[N/mm²·m/s] or[psi·fpm]
(5.4.1), Page 23
High Load Factor, aE (5.5.4), Page 24
Life, LQ[cycles]
(5.5.1), Page 24
BDi----- 2 00,
2 25,------------- 0 89,= =4.006.00
0.67
P FDi B⋅------------- I80 000,
6 4⋅---------------------= = = 7,500 psi
V Di π N⋅ ⋅I2
---------------------- 6 π I⋅ ⋅I2
-----------------= = = I.57I fpm N( 4 φ Nosc⋅ ⋅360
--------------------------= = I rpm)
PV P V⋅ 23 333, 2 96,⋅= = =7,500 · I.57I II,783 psi ·fpm
aEPlim P–
Plim-----------------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞
aB Di⁄ I5 000, 7 500,–I5 000,
-------------------------------------------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞= = = 0.493
I.02
LQQG M
PV----------- aE aT aM aS aB⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅= II I0I0⋅
II 783,-----------------= · 0.493 · I.0 · I.0 · I.0 · 0.85 = 3.9 · I06 cycles
MLG™
GivenLoad Details Steady Load Inside Diameter, Di I.25 inch
Shaft oscillating Length, B 2.50 inchShaft Mild Steel, Ra = 32 µinch Bearing Load, F 40,000 poundsEnvironment Ambient Temperature = I20 °F Frequency, Nosc 20 cycles/min.
Amplitude, φ 30°
Calculation Constants and Application FactorsSpecific Load Limit, P 20,000 psi (Table 7, Page 25)B/Di Factor, aB/Di I.25 (Fig. 8, Page 25)Temperature Factor, aT I.0 (Fig. 11, Page 26)Mating Material Factor, aM I.0 (Table 8, Page 26)Mating Surface Factor, aS 0.6 (Fig. 12, Page 27)Bearing Size Factor, aB 0.99 (Fig. 14, Page 28)Cyclic Life Factor, QMLG 4·I0I0 psi·fpm (Table 6, Page 24)
Calculation Reference ValueSpecific Load, P[N/mm²] or[psi]
(5.2.1), Page 22
Sliding Speed, V[m/s] or [fpm]
(5.3.1), Page 23
PV Factor, PV[N/mm²·m/s] or[psi·fpm]
(5.4.1), Page 23
High Load Factor, aE (5.5.4), Page 24
Life, LQ[cycles]
(5.5.1), Page 24
BDi----- 2 00,
2 25,------------- 0 89,= =2.50I.25
2.0
P FDi B⋅------------- 40 000,
2 25, 2 00,⋅------------------------------= = =I.25 · 2.50 I2,800 psi
V Di π N⋅ ⋅I2
---------------------- 2 25, π 3 333,⋅ ⋅I2
-----------------------------------------= = = 2.I82 fpmI.25 · π · 6.667 N( 4 φ Nosc⋅ ⋅
360--------------------------= = 6.667 rpm)
PV P V⋅ 23 333, 2 96,⋅= = =I2,800 · 2.I82 27,930 psi ·fpm
aEPlim P–
Plim-----------------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞
aB Di⁄ 20 000, I2 800,–20 000,
----------------------------------------------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞= = = 0.279
I.25
LQQGM
PV----------- aE aT aM aS aB⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅= 4 I0I0⋅
27 930,-------------------= · 0.279 · I.0 · I.0 · 0.6 · 0.99 = 2.3 · I05 cycles
5Performance
31
5.7 MisalignmentBearings operating with proper shaft align-ment are uniformly loaded along theirlength as shown in Fig. 15. In the right sideof Fig. 15 is a top view of the contact area.Shaft misalignment reduces the contactarea and shifts the bearing pressure distri-bution to one end of the bearing, as illus-trated in Fig. 16. With substantial mis-
alignment the contact area reduces to aparabolic shape as shown in Fig. 17. Theconcentrated edge pressure due to theexcessive misalignment can cause bearingfailure. When the edge pressure producesstresses that approach or exceed the com-pressive strength of the material, fracturemay occur.
Fig. 15: Properly aligned shaft
Fig. 16: Slight misalignment
Fig. 17: Substantial misalignment
If it is known from experience that mis-alignment and/or shaft deflections are min-imal, less than 0.2 %, (0.002 mm/mm oflength [0.002 inch/inch of length]), forhighly loaded, very low speed applications,then the following misalignment consider-ations can be ignored. Misalignment tests were conducted onGAR-MAX bearings to determine the maxi-mum edge stresses that may occur undervarying amounts of misalignment. Fig. 18and Fig. 19 show the relationship of thecalculated edge stress, Sm, relative to the
applied unit load, P, for two levels of mis-alignment (0.6% and 1.0%) and twolength-to-diameter ratios (B/Di = 0.5 andB/Di = 1.0). For static loading, or staticcombined with shock loading, if the edgestress, Sm, exceeds the acceptable maxi-mum of 345 N/mm² [50,000 psi] for GAR-MAX and MLG or 517 N/mm² [75,000 psi]for HSG, then a redesign of the bearing isrequired. GAR-FIL is not recommended for applica-tions when significant misalignment isanticipated.
Uniformly distributed pressure P
Contact area or footprint
Load F
BearingBearing
center line
Shaftcenter line
Bearinglength B
Rising pressure
distribution
Reduced linear contact
Shaftcenter line
Shaft angle
Unified pressure P´ >uniform pressure, P
Sm
Parabolic contact
Shaft angle
SmP´>P
5 Performance
32
Fig. 18: Edge Stress for 0.6% Misalignment
Fig. 19: Edge Stress for 1.0% Misalignment
Specific Load [N/mm²]
Edge
Stre
ss, S
m [N
/mm
²]
Specific Load [psi]
B/Di = 1.0
B/Di = 0.5
0
5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000
Edge
Stre
ss, S
m [p
si]
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
GAR-MAX6.35 mm [0.250 inch] wall thickness
Specific Load [N/mm²]
Edge
Stre
ss, S
m [N
/mm
²]
Specific Load [psi]
B/Di = 1.0
B/Di = 0.5
0
5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000
Edge
Stre
ss, S
m [p
si]
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
GAR-MAX6.35 mm [0.250 inch] wall thickness
6Installation and Machining
33
6 Installation and Machining6.1 InstallationThe retention of GGB filament woundbearings in metal housings is excellent dueto the high material stiffness and a thermalexpansion rate similar to steel. The pressfits used for bronze bearings are adequatefor filament wound bearings in most cases.
The bearing will close in by an amountequal to the measure of interference withthe housing. This close-in must be consid-ered when calculating the installed boreand corresponding shaft diameter.
Fig. 20: Fitting of bearings
6.2 Machining
LengthAbrasive cut-off wheels produce the bestresults when cutting lengths of GGB fila-ment wound bearings. When using a latheto cut off lengths, we recommend using a
carbide tool due to the abrasive nature ofthe fiberglass/epoxy outer shell. Watermist or exhaust dust collectors should beused to minimize dust in the work area.
Outer DiameterGrinding is the preferred method of alteringthe OD; however, carbide lathe tools canalso be used.
Inner DiameterOnly GAR-FIL and HPF bearings can besized on the ID. We recommend specifying0.76 mm [0.030 inch] or thicker tape linerwhen ordering bearings that will be bored.When lathe boring a GAR-FIL or HPF
bearing you should first install the bearinginto a rigid housing and bore using highspeed and low feed rate. GAR-FIL andHPF bearings can also be reamed andbroached.
DeburringEmery cloth is effective in removing burrsfrom the OD of GGB filament wound bear-ings. To remove frayed fibers from the IDof GAR-MAX, HSG, MLG and HPM bear-
ings, a small hand held grinder is pre-ferred. The ID of GAR-FIL or HPF bearingscan be deburred by a sharp cutting tool oremery cloth.
DrillingCarbide drills should be used for drillingGGB filament wound bearings. When drill-ing GAR-MAX, HSG, MLG and HPM bear-
ings, the ID must be supported with a man-drel, and a flat tipped drill or end millshould be used.
Housing
1.5 mm[0.060 inch]
Nominal bearing length minus 1 mm [0.04 inch]
Arbor
Pilot dia. = Nominal bearingbore dia. minus 0.38/0.64 mm [0.015/0.025 inch]
15°-20°
7 Standard Products
34
7 Standard Products7.1 GF, GM, HSG, MLG (inch sizes)
1/8“ wall series
To order, specify bearing material prefixand size number plus suffix for desiredlength (in multiples of 1/16").
e.g. GM2428-032 is a 1.5" ID x 1.75" OD x2" long GAR-MAX bearing.
B
Do
Di
Length tolerance tableB
<3 inch ≥3 to<6 inch ≥6 inch
Di<3 inch ±0.010 inch ±0.020 inch ±0.030 inch
≥3 to<6 inch ±0.020 inch ±0.020 inch ±0.030 inch
Bearing Part Number Nominal
SizeID x ODDi x Do
Bearing IDDi
Bearing ODDo
Recommended SizesRunning
ClearanceCDGF, GM, HSG,
MLGShaft Dia.
DJ
Housing Dia.DH
0812-xxx 1/2 x 3/40.50400.5070
0.75350.7515
0.50000.4995
0.75000.7505
0.00050.0065
1014-xxx 5/8 x 7/80.62900.6320
0.87850.8765
0.62500.6245
0.87500.8755
0.00050.0065
1216-xxx 3/4 x 1 0.75400.7570
1.00351.0015
0.75000.7495
1.00001.0005
0.00050.0065
1418-xxx 7/8 x 11/80.87900.8820
1.12851.1265
0.87500.8745
1.12501.1255
0.00050.0065
1620-xxx 1 x 11/41.00401.0070
1.25351.2515
1.00000.9995
1.25001.2505
0.00050.0065
1822-xxx 11/8 x 13/81.12901.1320
1.37851.3765
1.12501.1245
1.37501.3755
0.00050.0065
2024-xxx 11/4 x 11/21.25401.2570
1.50351.5015
1.25001.2495
1.50001.5005
0.00050.0065
2226-xxx 13/8 x 15/81.37901.3820
1.62851.6265
1.37501.3745
1.62501.6255
0.00050.0065
2428-xxx 11/2 x 13/41.50401.5070
1.75351.7515
1.50001.4995
1.75001.7505
0.00050.0065
2630-xxx 15/8 x 17/81.62901.6320
1.87851.8765
1.62501.6245
1.87501.8755
0.00050.0065
2832-xxx 13/4 x 2 1.75501.7580
2.00352.0015
1.75001.7495
2.00002.0005
0.00150.0075
3034-xxx 17/8 x 21/81.88001.8830
2.12852.1265
1.87501.8745
2.12502.1255
0.00150.0075
3236-xxx 2 x 21/42.00552.0095
2.25452.2525
2.00001.9995
2.25002.2510
0.00100.0085
3438-xxx 21/8 x 23/82.13052.1345
2.37952.3775
2.12502.1245
2.37502.3760
0.00100.0085
7Standard Products
35
All Dimensions in Inches. Additional sizes available - please consultGGB Customer Service.
3640-xxx 21/4 x 21/22.25552.2595
2.50452.5025
2.25002.2495
2.50002.5010
0.00100.0085
3842-xxx 23/8 x 25/82.38052.3845
2.62952.6275
2.37502.3740
2.62502.6260
0.00100.0090
4044-xxx 21/2 x 23/42.50602.5100
2.75452.7525
2.50002.4990
2.75002.7510
0.00150.0095
4448-xxx 23/4 x 3 2.75602.7600
3.00503.0030
2.75002.7490
3.00003.0015
0.00100.0095
4852-xxx 3 x 31/43.00653.0105
3.25503.2530
3.00002.9990
3.25003.2515
0.00150.0100
5256-xxx 31/4 x 31/23.25653.2605
3.50553.5035
3.25003.2490
3.50003.5020
0.00100.0100
5660-xxx 31/2 x 33/43.50653.5105
3.75553.7535
3.50003.4990
3.75003.7520
0.00100.0100
6064-xxx 33/4 x 4 3.75653.7605
4.00554.0035
3.75003.7490
4.00004.0020
0.00100.0100
6468-xxx 4 x 41/44.00904.0140
4.25704.2540
4.00003.9990
4.25004.2520
0.00200.0130
6872-xxx 41/4 x 41/24.25904.2640
4.50704.5040
4.25004.2490
4.50004.5020
0.00200.0130
7276-xxx 41/2 x 43/44.50904.5140
4.75704.7540
4.50004.4990
4.75004.7520
0.00200.0130
7680-xxx 43/4 x 5 4.75904.7640
5.00705.0040
4.75004.7490
5.00005.0020
0.00200.0130
8084-xxx 5 x 51/45.00905.0140
5.25705.2540
5.00004.9990
5.25005.2520
0.00200.0130
8488-xxx 51/4 x 51/25.25905.2640
5.50705.5040
5.25005.2490
5.50005.5020
0.00200.0130
8892-xxx 51/2 x 53/45.50905.5140
5.75705.7540
5.50005.4990
5.75005.7520
0.00200.0130
9296-xxx 53/4 x 6 5.75905.7640
6.00706.0040
5.75005.7490
6.00006.0020
0.00200.0130
96100-xxx 6 x 61/46.01206.0180
6.25906.2550
6.00005.9985
6.25006.2520
0.00300.0165
Bearing Part Number Nominal
SizeID x ODDi x Do
Bearing IDDi
Bearing ODDo
Recommended SizesRunning
ClearanceCD
GF, GM, HSG, MLG
Shaft Dia.DJ
Housing Dia.DH
7 Standard Products
36
GF, GM, HSG, MLG (inch sizes)
1/4“ wall series
To order, specify bearing material prefixand size number plus suffix for desiredlength (in multiples of 1/16").
e.g. GM2432-032 is a 1.5" ID x 2" OD x 2"long GAR-MAX bearing.
B
Do
Di
Length tolerance tableB
<3 inch ≥3 to<6 inch ≥6 inch
Di<3 inch ±0.010 inch ±0.020 inch ±0.030 inch
≥3 to<6 inch ±0.020 inch ±0.020 inch ±0.030 inch
Bearing Part Number Nominal
SizeID x ODDi x Do
Bearing IDDi
Bearing ODDo
Recommended SizesRunning
ClearanceCD
GF, GM, HSG, MLG
Shaft Dia.DJ
Housing Dia.DH
0816-xxx 1/2 x 1 0.50400.5070
1.00351.0015
0.50000.4995
1.00001.0005
0.00050.0065
1018-xxx 5/8 x 11/80.62900.6320
1.12851.1265
0.62500.6245
1.12501.1255
0.00050.0065
1220-xxx 3/4 x 11/40.75400.7570
1.25351.2515
0.75000.7495
1.25001.2505
0.00050.0065
1422-xxx 7/8 x 13/80.87900.8820
1.37851.3765
0.87500.8745
1.37501.3755
0.00050.0065
1624-xxx 1 x 11/21.00401.0070
1.50351.5015
1.00000.9995
1.50001.5005
0.00050.0065
1826-xxx 11/8 x 15/81.12901.1320
1.62851.6265
1.12501.1245
1.62501.6255
0.00050.0065
2028-xxx 11/4 x 13/41.25401.2570
1.75351.7515
1.25001.2495
1.75001.7505
0.00050.0065
2230-xxx 13/8 x 17/81.37901.3820
1.87851.8765
1.37501.3745
1.87501.8755
0.00050.0065
2432-xxx 11/2 x 2 1.50401.5070
2.00352.0015
1.50001.4995
2.00002.0005
0.00050.0065
2634-xxx 15/8 x 21/81.62901.6320
2.12852.1265
1.62501.6245
2.12502.1255
0.00050.0065
2836-xxx 13/4 x 21/41.75501.7580
2.25452.2525
1.75001.7495
2.25002.2510
0.00050.0070
3038-xxx 17/8 x 23/81.88001.8830
2.37952.3775
1.87501.8745
2.37502.3760
0.00050.0070
3240-xxx 2 x 21/22.00552.0095
2.50452.5025
2.00001.9995
2.50002.5010
0.00100.0085
3442-xxx 21/8 x 25/82.13052.1345
2.62952.6275
2.12502.1245
2.62502.6260
0.00100.0085
3644-xxx 21/4 x 23/42.25552.2595
2.75452.7525
2.25002.2495
2.75002.7510
0.00100.0085
3846-xxx 23/8 x 27/82.38052.3845
2.87952.8775
2.37502.3740
2.87502.8760
0.00100.0090
7Standard Products
37
All Dimensions in Inches. Additional sizes available - please consultGGB Customer Service.
4048-xxx 21/2 x 3 2.50602.5100
3.00503.0030
2.50002.4990
3.00003.0015
0.00100.0095
4452-xxx 23/4 x 31/42.75602.7600
3.25503.2530
2.75002.7490
3.25003.2515
0.00100.0095
4856-xxx 3 x 31/23.00653.0105
3.50553.5035
3.00002.9990
3.50003.5020
0.00100.0100
5260-xxx 31/4 x 33/43.25653.2605
3.75553.7535
3.25003.2490
3.75003.7520
0.00100.0100
5664-xxx 31/2 x 4 3.50653.5105
4.00554.0035
3.50003.4990
4.00004.0020
0.00100.0100
6068-xxx 33/4 x 41/43.75653.7605
4.25554.2535
3.75003.7490
4.25004.2520
0.00100.0100
6472-xxx 4 x 41/24.00904.0140
4.50704.5040
4.00003.9990
4.50004.5020
0.00200.0130
6876-xxx 41/4 x 43/44.25904.2640
4.75704.7540
4.25004.2490
4.75004.7520
0.00200.0130
7280-xxx 41/2 x 5 4.50904.5140
5.00705.0040
4.50004.4990
5.00005.0020
0.00200.0130
7684-xxx 43/4 x 51/44.75904.7640
5.25705.2540
4.75004.7490
5.25005.2520
0.00200.0130
8088-xxx 5 x 51/25.00905.0140
5.50705.5040
5.00004.9990
5.50005.5020
0.00200.0130
8492-xxx 51/4 x 53/45.25905.2640
5.75705.7540
5.25005.2490
5.75005.7520
0.00200.0130
8896-xxx 51/2 x 6 5.50905.5140
6.00706.0040
5.50005.4990
6.00006.0020
0.00200.0130
92100-xxx 53/4 x 61/45.75905.7640
6.25706.2540
5.75005.7490
6.25006.2520
0.00200.0013
96104-xxx 6 x 61/26.01206.0180
6.50906.5050
6.00005.9985
6.50006.5020
0.00300.0165
Bearing Part Number Nominal
SizeID x ODDi x Do
Bearing IDDi
Bearing ODDo
Recommended SizesRunning
ClearanceCD
GF, GM, HSG, MLG
Shaft Dia.DJ
Housing Dia.DH
7 Standard Products
38
7.2 GF, GM, HSG, MLG (metric sizes)
2.5 mm wall series
To order, specify bearing ID, OD andlength size number (in millimeters) plusmaterial suffix.
e.g. 253020GM is a 25 mm ID x 30 mmOD x 20 mm long GAR-MAX bearing.
B
Do
Di
Length tolerance tableB
≤75 mm >75 to <150 mm ≥150 mm
Di≤75 mm -0.50 mm -1.00 mm -1.50 mm
>75 to ≤120 mm -1.00 mm -1.00 mm -1.50 mm
Bearing Part Number Nominal
SizeID x ODDi x Do
Bearing IDDi
Bearing ODDo
Recommended SizesRunning
ClearanceCDGF, GM, HSG,
MLG
Shaft Dia. [h8]DJ
Housing Dia. [H7]
DH
1217xx 12 x 17 12.11012.190
17.09017.040
12.00011.973
17.00017.018
0.0200.195
1520xx 15 x 20 15.11015.190
20.09020.040
15.00014.973
20.00020.021
0.0200.198
1621xx 16 x 21 16.11016.190
21.09021.040
16.00015.973
21.00021.021
0.0200.198
1823xx 18 x 23 18.11018.190
23.09023.040
18.00017.973
23.00023.021
0.0200.198
2025xx 20 x 25 20.11020.190
25.09025.040
20.00019.967
25.00025.021
0.0200.204
2227xx 22 x 27 22.11022.190
27.09027.040
22.00021.967
27.00027.021
0.0200.204
2530xx 25 x 30 25.11025.190
30.09030.040
25.00024.967
30.00030.021
0.0200.204
2833xx 28 x 33 28.11528.195
33.09533.045
28.00027.967
33.00033.025
0.0200.208
3035xx 30 x 35 30.11530.195
35.09535.045
30.00029.967
35.00035.025
0.0200.208
3540xx 35 x 40 35.11535.195
40.09540.045
35.00034.961
40.00040.025
0.0200.214
4045xx 40 x 45 40.11540.195
45.09545.045
40.00039.961
45.00045.025
0.0200.214
4550xx 45 x 50 45.12545.225
50.10050.050
45.00044.961
50.00050.025
0.0250.239
5055xx 50 x 55 50.12550.225
55.10055.055
50.00049.961
55.00055.030
0.0250.239
5560xx 55 x 60 55.14055.240
60.11560.065
55.00054.954
60.00060.030
0.0250.251
6065xx 60 x 65 60.14060.240
65.11565.065
60.00059.954
65.00065.030
0.0250.251
6570xx 65 x 70 65.14065.240
70.11570.065
65.00064.954
70.00070.030
0.0250.251
7Standard Products
39
All Dimensions in Millimeters. Additional sizes available - please consultGGB Customer Service.
7075xx 70 x 75 70.14570.245
75.11575.065
70.00069.954
75.00075.030
0.0300.256
7580xx 75 x 80 75.16575.265
80.12580.070
75.00074.954
80.00080.030
0.0400.271
8085xx 80 x 85 80.16580.265
85.12585.075
80.00079.954
85.00085.035
0.0400.271
8590xx 85 x 90 85.16585.265
90.12590.075
85.00084.946
90.00090.035
0.0400.279
9095xx 90 x 95 90.17590.275
95.13595.085
90.00089.946
95.00095.035
0.0400.279
95100xx 95 x 100 95.17595.300
100.135100.085
95.00094.946
100.000100.035
0.0400.304
100105xx 100 x 105 100.175100.300
105.135105.085
100.00099.946
105.000105.035
0.0400.304
110115xx 110 x 115 110.175110.300
115.135115.080
110.000109.946
115.000115.035
0.0400.309
120125xx 120 x 125 120.205120.330
125.165125.105
120.000119.946
125.000125.040
0.0400.319
130135xx 130 x 135 130.205130.330
135.165135.090
130.000129.937
135.000135.040
0.0400.343
140145xx 140 x 145 140.205140.330
145.165145.090
140.000139.937
145.000145.040
0.0400.343
150155xx 150 x 155 150.205150.330
155.165155.090
150.000149.937
155.000155.040
0.0400.343
Bearing Part Number Nominal
SizeID x ODDi x Do
Bearing IDDi
Bearing ODDo
Recommended SizesRunning
ClearanceCD
GF, GM, HSG, MLG
Shaft Dia. [h8]DJ
Housing Dia. [H7]
DH
7 Standard Products
40
GF, GM, HSG, MLG (metric sizes)
5 mm wall series
To order, specify bearing ID, OD andlength size number (in millimeters) plusmaterial suffix.
e.g. 253520GM is a 25 mm ID x 35 mmOD x 20 mm long GAR-MAX bearing.
B
Do
Di
Length tolerance tableB
≤75 mm >75 to <150 mm ≥150 mm
Di≤75 mm -0.50 mm -1.00 mm -1.50 mm
>75 to ≤120 mm -1.00 mm -1.00 mm -1.50 mm
Bearing Part Number Nominal
SizeID x ODDi x Do
Bearing IDDi
Bearing ODDo
Recommended SizesRunning
ClearanceCD
GF, GM, HSG, MLG
Shaft Dia. [h8]DJ
Housing Dia. [H7]
DH
1222xx 12 x 22 12.11012.190
22.09022.040
12.00011.973
22.00022.021
0.0200.198
1525xx 15 x 25 15.11015.190
25.09025.040
15.00014.973
25.00025.021
0.0200.198
1626xx 16 x 26 16.11016.190
26.09026.040
16.00015.973
26.00026.021
0.0200.198
1828xx 18 x 28 18.11018.190
28.09028.040
18.00017.973
28.00028.021
0.0200.198
2030xx 20 x 30 20.11020.190
30.09030.040
20.00019.967
30.00030.021
0.0200.204
2232xx 22 x 32 22.11522.195
32.09532.045
22.00021.967
32.00032.025
0.0200.208
2535xx 25 x 35 25.11525.195
35.09535.045
25.00024.967
35.00035.025
0.0200.208
2838xx 28 x 38 28.11528.195
38.09538.045
28.00027.967
38.00038.025
0.0200.208
3040xx 30 x 40 30.11530.195
40.09540.045
30.00029.967
40.00040.025
0.0200.208
3545xx 35 x 45 35.11535.195
45.09545.045
35.00034.961
45.00045.025
0.0200.214
4050xx 40 x 50 40.11540.195
50.09550.045
40.00039.961
50.00050.025
0.0200.214
4555xx 45 x 55 45.13045.230
55.10555.055
45.00044.961
55.00055.030
0.0250.244
5060xx 50 x 60 50.13050.230
60.10560.055
50.00049.961
60.00060.030
0.0250.244
5565xx 55 x 65 55.14055.240
65.11565.065
55.00054.954
65.00065.030
0.0250.251
6070xx 60 x 70 60.14060.240
70.11570.065
60.00059.954
70.00070.030
0.0250.251
6575xx 65 x 75 65.14065.240
75.11575.065
65.00064.954
75.00075.030
0.0250.251
7Standard Products
41
All Dimensions in Millimeters. Additional sizes available - please consultGGB Customer Service.
7080xx 70 x 80 70.14570.245
80.11580.065
70.00069.954
80.00080.030
0.0300.256
7585xx 75 x 85 75.16575.265
85.12585.075
75.00074.954
85.00085.035
0.0400.271
8090xx 80 x 90 80.16580.265
90.12590.075
80.00079.954
90.00090.035
0.0400.271
8595xx 85 x 95 85.16585.265
95.12595.075
85.00084.946
95.00095.035
0.0400.279
90100xx 90 x 100 90.17590.275
100.135100.085
90.00089.946
100.000100.035
0.0400.279
95105xx 95 x 105 95.17595.300
105.135105.085
95.00094.946
105.000105.035
0.0400.304
100110xx 100 x 110 100.175100.300
110.135110.085
100.00099.946
110.000110.035
0.0400.304
110120xx 110 x 120 110.175110.300
120.135120.085
110.000109.946
120.000120.035
0.0400.304
120130xx 120 x 130 120.205120.330
130.165130.090
120.000119.946
130.000130.040
0.0400.334
130140xx 130 x 140 130.205130.330
140.165140.090
130.000129.937
140.000140.040
0.0400.343
140150xx 140 x 150 140.205140.330
150.165150.090
140.000139.937
150.000150.040
0.0400.343
150160xx 150 x 160 150.205150.330
160.165160.090
150.000149.937
160.000160.040
0.0400.343
Bearing Part Number Nominal
SizeID x ODDi x Do
Bearing IDDi
Bearing ODDo
Recommended SizesRunning
ClearanceCD
GF, GM, HSG, MLG
Shaft Dia. [h8]DJ
Housing Dia. [H7]
DH
7 Standard Products
42
7.3 MEGALIFE XT, Thrust Bearings, Inch sizesTo order, specify MWXT size number plussuffix for desired thickness (0.062, 0.080,0.125).
e.g. MWXT1632-.080 is a 1" ID x 2" OD x0.080" thick MEGALIFE XT thrust bearing.
All Dimensions in Inches. Additional sizes available - please consultGGB Customer Service.
Part Number Nominal SizeID x OD
WasherID
WasherOD
NominalThickness
MWXT0816-.xxx 1/2 x 1 0.5050.525
1.0000.980 0.062, 0.080
MWXT1020-.xxx 5/8 x 11/40.6300.650
1.2501.230 0.062, 0.080, 0.125
MWXT1224-.xxx 3/4 x 11/20.7550.775
1.5001.480 0.062, 0.080, 0.125
MWXT1428-.xxx 7/8 x 13/40.8800.900
1.7501.730 0.062, 0.080, 0.125
MWXT1632-.xxx 1 x 2 1.0051.025
2.0001.980 0.062, 0.080, 0.125
MWXT1834-.xxx 11/8 x 21/81.1301.150
2.1252.105 0.062, 0.080, 0.125
MWXT2036-.xxx 11/4 x 21/41.2551.275
2.2502.230 0.062, 0.080, 0.125
MWXT2238-.xxx 13/8 x 23/81.3801.400
2.3752.355 0.062, 0.080, 0.125
MWXT2440-.xxx 11/2 x 21/21.5051.525
2.5002.480 0.062, 0.080, 0.125
MWXT2642-.xxx 15/8 x 25/81.6301.650
2.6252.605 0.062, 0.080, 0.125
MWXT2844-.xxx 13/4 x 23/41.7551.775
2.7502.730 0.062, 0.080, 0.125
MWXT3248-.xxx 2 x 3 2.0052.025
3.0002.980 0.062, 0.080, 0.125
MWXT3652-.xxx 21/4 x 31/42.2552.275
3.2503.230 0.062, 0.080, 0.125
MWXT4060-.xxx 21/2 x 33/42.5052.525
3.7503.730 0.062, 0.080, 0.125
MWXT4464-.xxx 23/4 x 4 2.7552.775
4.0003.980 0.062, 0.080, 0.125
MWXT4872-.xxx 3 x 41/23.0053.025
4.5004.480 0.062, 0.080, 0.125
7Standard Products
43
7.4 MEGALIFE XT, Thrust Bearings, Metric sizesTo order, specify MWXTM size numberplus suffix for desired thickness (1.5; 2.0;3.0).
e.g. MWXTM2244-2.0 is a 22 mm ID x44 mm OD x 2 mm thick MEGALIFE XTthrust bearing.
All Dimensions in Millimeters.Additional sizes available - please consultGGB Customer Service.
Part Number Nominal SizeID x OD
WasherID
WasherOD
NominalThickness
MWXTM1224-x,x 12 x 24 12.2512.75
24.0023.50 1.5, 2.0 mm
MWXTM1530-x,x 15 x 30 15.2515.75
30.0029.50 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm
MWXTM1836-x,x 18 x 36 18.2518.75
36.0035.50 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm
MWXTM2040-x,x 20 x 40 20.2520.75
40.0039.50 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm
MWXTM2244-x,x 22 x 44 22.2522.75
44.0043.50 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm
MWXTM2550-x,x 25 x 50 25.2525.75
50.0049.50 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm
MWXTM3055-x,x 30 x 55 30.2530.75
55.0054.50 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm
MWXTM3560-x,x 35 x 60 35.2535.75
60.0059.50 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm
MWXTM4065-x,x 40 x 65 40.2540.75
65.0064.50 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm
MWXTM4570-x,x 45 x 70 45.2545.75
70.0069.50 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm
MWXTM5075-x,x 50 x 75 50.2550.75
75.0074.50 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm
MWXTM5580-x,x 55 x 80 55.2555.75
80.0079.50 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm
MWXTM6085-x,x 60 x 85 60.2560.75
85.0084.50 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm
MWXTM6595-x,x 65 x 95 65.2565.75
95.0094.50 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm
MWXTM70100-x,x 70 x 100 70.2570.75
100.0099.50 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm
MWXTM75115-x,x 75 x 115 75.2575.75
115.00114.50 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm
8 Data Sheet
44
8 Data Sheet8.1 Data for bearing design calculations
Quantity
Dimensions
Inside Diameter Di
Length BOutside Diameter Do
Shaft DJ
Bearing Housing DH
Length of slideplate LWidth of slideplate WThickness of slideplate SS
Radial load For specific load (pressure) P
Oscillating frequency Nosc [1/min]
Rotational speed N [1/min]Speed V Length of Stroke LSFrequency of Stroke [1/min]Oscillating cycle ϕ [°]
Continuous operation
Load
Service hours per day
Days per yearOperating timeIntermittent operation
Movement
Operating Environment
Material
Mating surface
Surface finishHardness
Housing Material
Required service life, cycles LQ
Service life
Rotational movement Steady load Rotating load Oscillating movement
Cylindrical Bush Thrust Washer Slideplate
Existing Design New Design
Linear movement
WS
S
Ambient temperature Tamb [°]
Min. temperature Tmin. [°]Max. temperature Tmax. [°]
Process Fluid (chemical)LubricantContaminents
Thickness of washer ST
L
ST
B
Di
Do
Do Di
Company: _____________________________________________________ Contact: ________________________________________Address: ______________________________________________________ Title: ___________________________________________City: _____________________________ State: _______________________ Postal Code: ____________________________________Phone: ___________________________ Fax: ________________________ Cell: ___________________________________________E-Mail: ________________________________________________________
9Other GGB Bearing Materials
45
9 Other GGB Bearing MaterialsWhatever your application requires, GGBoffers the solution with its wide range ofbearing materials:
EP - self-lubricating injection molded ther-moplastic (nylon + PTFE + glass fibers +graphite). Available in stock sizes. Specialsizes and shapes made to order.MF41 - self-lubricating injection moldedthermoplastic (PBT + bronze powder +PTFE). Available in stock sizes. Specialsizes and shapes made to order.DP4 - self-lubricating lead-free metal-poly-mer (steel backing with porous bronze sin-ter + PTFE + CaF2 + polymer fibers) forlubricated and dry applications. Standardsizes, special sizes and shapes made toorder.DU - self-lubricating metal-polymer (steelbacking with porous bronze sinter + PTFE+ lead) for dry and lubricated applica-tions. Available in stock sizes. Specialsizes and shapes made to order.
DU-B - self-lubricating, corrosion resistantmetal-polymer (bronze backing withporous bronze sinter + PTFE + lead) fordry and lubricated applications. Standardsizes, special sizes and shapes made toorder.DX - marginally lubricated metal-polymer(steel backing with porous bronze sinter +acetal) for grease and oil lubricated appli-cations. Available in stock sizes. Specialsizes and shapes made to order.HX - marginally lubricated metal-polymer(steel backing with porous bronze sinter +PEEK + PTFE + fillers) for grease and oillubricated applications. Standard sizes,special sizes and shapes made to order....and many more. Visit us on the internet:www.ggbearings.com
HXMarginally lubricated
Designer´s Handbook GGB
GGB
DXMarginally lubricated
Designer´s Handbook
GGB
DU/DU-BDry Bearings
Designer´s Handbook
GGB
DP4Maintenance-free
Designer´s Handbook
EP/MFEngineered Polymer Bearings
Designer s Handbook GGB
9 Other GGB Bearing Materials
46
Your notes:
©2005 GGB. All rights reserved
This handbook was designed by Profidoc Silvia Freitag
www.profidoc.de
The information in this bulletin should be used as an informational guide for your consideration, investigatian and verification. This infor-mation does not constitute a warranty or representation, and we assume no legal responsibility or obligation with respect thereto and the use to which such information may be put. GGB generally war-rants, as set forth below, that products described in this brochure are free from defects in workmanship and material, but unless expressly agreed in writing GGB gives no warranty that these products are suit-able for any particular purpose or for use under any specific conditions notwithstanding that such purpose would appear to be covered by this publication.
GGB STANDARD WARRANTY AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY. Seller warrants that if any product of its manufacture upon examination is found by a Seller's representative to be defective in either workman-ship or material under normal use and service Seller, at its option, will repair or replace same free of charge including lowest transportation charges but not cost of installation or removal or will refund the pur-chase price thereof, provided that Seller receives written notification of a claim specifying the defect within ninety (90) days from date of dis-tributor sale or one (1) year from date of factory shipment, whichever occurs first. In no event shall Seller be liable for any claims, whether arising from breach of contract or warranty or claims of negligence or negligent manufacture, in excess of the purchase price. ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESSED AND IMPLIED INCLUDING ANY WAR-RANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR PARTICU-LAR USE ARE HEREBY DISCLAIMED. The foregoing expresses all of Seller's obligations and liabilities with respect to the quality of items fur-nished by it and it shall under no circumstances be liable for conse-quential, collateral or special losses or damages.
GAR-MAX® is a trademark of GGB.GAR-FIL® is a trademark of GGB.
HSGTM is a trademark of GGB.
MLGTM is a trademark of GGB.
HPMTM is a trademark of GGB.
HPFTM is a trademark of GGB.MEGALife® XT is a trademark of GGB.