Fig. 38-1, p. 993 Physiologic Differences Between Children and Adults That Affect Pharmacokinetics...
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Transcript of Fig. 38-1, p. 993 Physiologic Differences Between Children and Adults That Affect Pharmacokinetics...
Fig. 38-1, p. 993
Physiologic Differences Between Children and Adults That Affect Pharmacokinetics
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Giving Medications: what’s the same?
Safety & accuracy 6 Rights
Understand expected action and side effectsSigns of toxicity, adverse reactions
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Extra Considerations for Children
Safe volume (IM)Po often liquidDosage by body weightCheck dosage with reference Mg/kg/dose or mg/kg/day?
Check calculations with another nurse
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Example
1. Order: Augmentin 200 mg po q. 12 hrsChild: 9.5 kgAvailable: suspension 125 mg/5 mLRange (drug book) 25-45 mg/kg/dayIs dose within range?How many ml is required to give the ordered dose?
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Principles of Medication Administration
in Children
Consider growth and development principles.Honesty and praise help to gain trust and cooperation.Restraint may be necessary.Provide rewards for good behavior and for trying.Dosages by body wt
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Safety Considerations
Children unpredictableGet help with restrainingExtra needleParent/caregiver involvementBe quick, skillfulNever give injection to a sleeping child
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Strategies for Medicating Children
Infants Restrain cuddle, comfort.
Toddlers Use play minimize restraint give praise stickers as rewards.
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Strategies for Medicating Children
Pre-school, early school-age Provide choices, explanations Distraction Support
Adolescents Explain Allow participation in decisions praise cooperation provide outlet for frustrations.
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Methods of Administering Medications to Children
OralNG, GT, JTRectalTopicalOtic (ear)Ophthalmic (eye) IVIntraosseous IM, SQ
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Gastric or NG Meds
Stop feeding (as appropriate)Flush with (sterile) water – 5-25 mLAdminister medFlushAlways flush when stopping feeding
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