Fig. 2-4, p. 22
description
Transcript of Fig. 2-4, p. 22
Fig. 2-4, p. 22
Hydrogen 66.0%Oxygen 33.0Carbon 0.1Nitrogen 0.1Phosphorus 0.1Calcium 0.1Sodium 0.3Potassium 0.1Chlorine 0.3
SeawaterHydrogen 3.1%Oxygen 60.0Carbon 0.3Nitrogen 0.1Phosphorus 0.1Calcium 2.6Sodium 0.1Potassium 0.8Chlorine 0.1
EarthHydrogen 62.0%Oxygen 24.0Carbon 12.0Nitrogen 1.2Phosphorus 0.2Calcium 0.2Sodium 0.1Potassium 0.1Chlorine 0.1
Human
Fig. 2-2, p. 21
Table 2-2, p. 32
electron
nucleus
Fig. 2-3, p. 22
hydrogen1p+ , 1e-
helium2p+ , 2e-
carbon6p+ , 6e-
oxygen8p+ , 8e-
sodium11p+ , 11e-
chlorine17p+ , 17e-
Fig. 2-6, p. 24
electron
neon10p+, 10e-
argon18p+, 18e-
Sodium atom11p+
11e-
Fig. 2-7, p. 25
no netcharge
Sodium ion11p+
10e-
net positivecharge
Chlorine atom17p+
17e-
no netcharge
Chlorine atom17p+
18e-
net negativecharge
electronloss
electrongain
Fig. 2-8, p. 23
Chloride ionSodium ion
A crystal of table salt isa cubic lattice of many sodiumions and chloride ions.
The mutual attraction ofopposite charges holds thetwo kinds of ions togetherclosely in the lattice.
a
b
Fig. 2-10, p. 27
hydrogen bond
water molecule ammonia molecule
Two molecules interacting in one hydrogen (H) bond.a
Numerous H bonds ( white dots) hold the two coiled-upstrands of a DNA molecule together. Each H bond is weak,but collectively these bonds stabilize DNA’s large structure.
b
Fig. 2-11, p. 28
slight negative charge on the oxygen atom
The positive and negative charges balance each other; overall, the molecule carries no charge.
slight positive charge on the hydrogen atoms
+ +
HH
O
Fig. 2-11, p. 28
-
Fig. 2-13, p. 29
Fig. 2-17, p. 33
Table 2-2, p. 32
Fig. 2-14, p. 30
battery acid
drain cleaner
oven cleanerbleach
hair remover
household ammonia
toothpaste hand soap milk of magnesia
baking soda phosphate detergentsTums
blood, tears egg white seawater
pure water
corn buttermilk
beer bread black coffee urine, tea, typical rain
orange juice tomatoes, winebananas
acid rain lemon juice cola vinegar
gastric fluid