Fig. 12-11-4

20
Fig. 12-11-4 Origin of replication Two copies of origin E. coli cell Bacterial chromosome Plasma membrane Cell wall Origin Origin

description

Cell wall. Origin of replication. Plasma membrane. E. coli cell. Bacterial chromosome. Two copies of origin. Fig. 12-11-4. Origin. Origin. 20 µm. 100 µm. 200 µm. Fig. 12-2. (a) Reproduction. (b) Growth and development. (c) Tissue renewal. INTERPHASE. S - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Fig. 12-11-4

Page 1: Fig. 12-11-4

Fig. 12-11-4

Origin ofreplication

Two copiesof origin

E. coli cellBacterialchromosome

Plasmamembrane

Cell wall

Origin Origin

Page 2: Fig. 12-11-4

Fig. 12-2

100 µm 200 µm 20 µm

(a) Reproduction (b) Growth and development

(c) Tissue renewal

Page 3: Fig. 12-11-4

Fig. 12-5

S(DNA synthesis)

MITOTIC(M) PHASE

Mito

sis

Cytokinesis

G1

G2

Page 4: Fig. 12-11-4

Fig. 12-40.5 µm Chromosomes

Chromosomeduplication(including DNAsynthesis)

Chromo-some arm

Centromere

Sisterchromatids

DNA molecules

Separation ofsister chromatids

Centromere

Sister chromatids

Page 5: Fig. 12-11-4

Fig. 12-6

G2 of Interphase

Centrosomes(with centriolepairs)

Chromatin(duplicated)

Nucleolus Nuclearenvelope

Plasmamembrane

Early mitoticspindle

Aster Centromere

Chromosome, consisting of two sister chromatids

Prophase Prometaphase

Fragmentsof nuclearenvelope

Nonkinetochoremicrotubules

Kinetochore Kinetochoremicrotubule

Metaphase

Metaphaseplate

Spindle Centrosome atone spindle pole

Anaphase

Daughterchromosomes

Telophase and Cytokinesis

Cleavagefurrow

Nucleolusforming

Nuclearenvelopeforming

Page 6: Fig. 12-11-4

Prophase

Fig. 12-6a

PrometaphaseG2 of Interphase

Page 7: Fig. 12-11-4

Fig. 12-6b

PrometaphaseProphaseG2 of Interphase

Nonkinetochoremicrotubules

Fragmentsof nuclearenvelope

Aster CentromereEarly mitoticspindle

Chromatin(duplicated)

Centrosomes(with centriolepairs)

Nucleolus Nuclearenvelope

Plasmamembrane

Chromosome, consistingof two sister chromatids

Kinetochore Kinetochoremicrotubule

Page 8: Fig. 12-11-4

Fig. 12-6c

Metaphase Anaphase Telophase and Cytokinesis

Page 9: Fig. 12-11-4

Fig. 12-6d

Metaphase Anaphase Telophase and Cytokinesis

Cleavagefurrow

Nucleolusforming

Metaphaseplate

Centrosome atone spindle pole

SpindleDaughterchromosomes

Nuclearenvelopeforming

Page 10: Fig. 12-11-4

Fig. 12-7

Microtubules Chromosomes

Sisterchromatids

Aster

Metaphaseplate

Centrosome

Kineto-chores

Kinetochoremicrotubules

Overlappingnonkinetochoremicrotubules

Centrosome 1 µm

0.5 µm

Page 11: Fig. 12-11-4

Fig. 12-6d

Metaphase Anaphase Telophase and Cytokinesis

Cleavagefurrow

Nucleolusforming

Metaphaseplate

Centrosome atone spindle pole

SpindleDaughterchromosomes

Nuclearenvelopeforming

Page 12: Fig. 12-11-4

Fig. 12-9

Cleavage furrow100 µm

Contractile ring ofmicrofilaments

Daughter cells

(a) Cleavage of an animal cell (SEM) (b) Cell plate formation in a plant cell (TEM)

Vesiclesformingcell plate

Wall ofparent cell

Cell plate

Daughter cells

New cell wall

1 µm

Page 13: Fig. 12-11-4

Cleavage furrow

Fig. 12-9a

100 µm

Daughter cells

(a) Cleavage of an animal cell (SEM)

Contractile ring ofmicrofilaments

Page 14: Fig. 12-11-4

Fig. 12-9b

Daughter cells

(b) Cell plate formation in a plant cell (TEM)

Vesiclesformingcell plate

Wall ofparent cell

New cell wallCell plate

1 µm

Page 15: Fig. 12-11-4

Fig. 12-10

Chromatincondensing

Metaphase Anaphase TelophasePrometaphase

Nucleus

Prophase1 2 3 54

Nucleolus Chromosomes Cell plate10 µm

Page 16: Fig. 12-11-4

Fig. 12-14

SG1

M checkpoint

G2M

Controlsystem

G1 checkpoint

G2 checkpoint

Page 17: Fig. 12-11-4

Fig. 12-15

G1

G0

G1 checkpoint

(a) Cell receives a go-ahead signal

G1

(b) Cell does not receive a go-ahead signal

Page 18: Fig. 12-11-4

Fig. 12-17

M G1S G2

M G1S G2

M G1

MPF activity

Cyclinconcentration

Time(a) Fluctuation of MPF activity and cyclin concentration during the cell cycle

Degradedcyclin

Cdk

G 1S

G 2

M

CdkG2

checkpointCyclin isdegraded

CyclinMPF

(b) Molecular mechanisms that help regulate the cell cycle

Cy

clin

ac

cu

mu

latio

n

Page 19: Fig. 12-11-4

Fig. 12-19

Anchorage dependence

Density-dependent inhibition

Density-dependent inhibition

(a) Normal mammalian cells (b) Cancer cells25 µm25 µm

Page 20: Fig. 12-11-4

Fig. 12-20

Tumor

A tumor growsfrom a singlecancer cell.

Glandulartissue

Lymphvessel

Bloodvessel

Metastatictumor

Cancercell

Cancer cellsinvade neigh-boring tissue.

Cancer cells spreadto other parts ofthe body.

Cancer cells maysurvive andestablish a newtumor in anotherpart of the body.

1 2 3 4


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