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Ines Ivi
THE CULT OF SAINT JEROME IN DALMATIA IN THE
FIFTEENTH AND THE SIXTEENTH CENTURIES
MA Thesis in Medieval Studies
Central European University
Budapest
May 2016
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THE CULT OF SAINT JEROME IN DALMATIA IN THE FIFTEENTH AND THE
SIXTEENTH CENTURIES
by
Ines Ivi
(Croatia)
Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies,
Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements
of the Master of Arts degree in Medieval Studies.
Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU.
____________________________________________
Chair, Examination Committee
____________________________________________
Thesis Supervisor
____________________________________________
Examiner
____________________________________________
Examiner
Budapest
May 2016
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THE CULT OF SAINT JEROME IN DALMATIA IN THE FIFTEENTH AND THE
SIXTEENTH CENTURIES
by
Ines Ivi
(Croatia)
Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies,
Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements
of the Master of Arts degree in Medieval Studies.
Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU.
____________________________________________
External Reader
Budapest
May 2016
CE
UeT
DC
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n
THE CULT OF SAINT JEROME IN DALMATIA IN THE FIFTEENTH AND THE
SIXTEENTH CENTURIES
by
Ines Ivi
(Croatia)
Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies,
Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements
of the Master of Arts degree in Medieval Studies.
Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU.
____________________________________________
External Supervisor
Budapest
May 2016
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I, the undersigned, Ines Ivi, candidate for the MA degree in Medieval Studies, declare herewith that the present thesis is exclusively my own work, based on my research and only such external information as properly credited in notes and bibliography. I declare that no unidentified and illegitimate use was made of the work of others, and no part of the thesis infringes on any persons or institutions copyright. I also declare that no part of the thesis has been submitted in this form to any other institution of higher education for an academic degree. Budapest, 26 June 2016
________________________ Signature
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Abstract
In present day Croatia, Saint Jerome has a special place among the national
saints. His role as the patron saint of Croatia and of the humanists was in the focus of
research. But there has been no detailed study about the development of his cult in
Dalmatia. This thesis will deal with the formation of the regional cult of the saint through
the three phases of development: the implementation of the Slavic cult, the transformation
of the humanist cult in the fifteenth century and the ethnic appropriation of the Saint in the
writings of the Dalmatian humanists in the sixteenth century. Based on archival material
and artworks preserved in Trogir and Dubrovnik, the focus of this study is on the
manifestations of the worship in these two cities. These manifestations are observed
through the perspective of the private and official worship, identifying the major promoters
of the cult and commissioners of the art depicting Saint Jerome: the Cipiko and Sobota
families in Trogir and the Gozze and Gradi families in Dubrovnik. The major contribution
of this work is the interpretation of the regional cult of Saint Jerome in the light of the
establishment of Venetian rule in the Dalmatian communes after 1409. This study
explains how the implementation of the centralized government and the restriction of the
autonomy of the Dalmatian communes contributed to the formation of the notion of
togetherness on the territory of Dalmatia, expressed through the figure and the patronage
of Saint Jerome.
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Acknowledgements
In the first place I would like to thank my supervisors Marianne Sghy and Gabor
Klaniczay for their generous support, comments and suggestions during the writing
process, extensive consultations and their guidance through the research. Special thanks
go to professor Klaniczay for helping me improve my language skills and for his patience
in the process of the editing. I would like to express my gratitude to everyone who
contributed to this work: my colleague Ivan Vien for his generous assistance during my
research in Dubrovnik, helping me collect the literature and comparative material; Vesna
Badurina-Stipevi for clearing my doubts and Julia Verkholantsev for helping me with
the bibliography; Marino Kumir for his suggestions; and Borislav Bulji and Sabina Ganea
for long discussions and useful comments which helped to shape this thesis. Special
gratitude to Matko Matija Marui who inspired me and encouraged me to deal with this
topic in the first place. Last and not least, I am immensely grateful for the unreserved
support, love and encouragements of my parents and sisters, and friends who hopefully
will forgive my lack of the spare time to share with them.
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Table of contents
Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1
1. The Humanist revival of the Cult of Saint Jerome in Italy ............................................ 7
1.1. Jerome as a Historical Character .......................................................................... 7
1.2. The Beginnings of the Cult in the West ............................................................... 12
1.2.1. Giovanni dAndrea and Pier Paolo Vergerio the Elder ................................. 14
1.3. Saint Jerome and the Observant Movement ...................................................... 20
1.4. A Multifunctional Saint ........................................................................................ 25
2. Jerome the Slav ........................................................................................................ 26
2.1. Where was Stridon? ........................................................................................... 26
2.2. The Inventor of Glagolitic Script .......................................................................... 30
2.3. Saint Jerome in the Written Slavonic Tradition ................................................... 33
2.3.1. The Feast of Saint Jerome in the Breviaries and the Missals....................... 33
2.3.2. Jeromes Relic .............................................................................................. 39
2.3.3. Vita and Transitus Sancti Hieronymi in the Glagolitic Edition ....................... 40
2.3.4. A Myth Was Born ......................................................................................... 42
3. The Humanist Transformation of the Cult .................................................................. 45
3.1. Official Veneration in Dalmatian Cities: Dubrovnik .............................................. 47
3.2. The Private Patron of the Gradi and the Gozze Families .................................... 52
3.2.1. The Gozze Family ........................................................................................ 53
3.2.2. The Gradi Family .......................................................................................... 60
3.3. Official Veneration in Dalmatian Cities: Trogir .................................................... 61
3.3.1. Bishop Torlon and his Episcopate ................................................................ 62
3.3.2. Cipiko Family as Promoter of the Cult .......................................................... 65
3.3.3. Other Manifestations of Worship .................................................................. 68
3.4. Saint Jerome between the Venetian Republic and the Hungarian Kingdom ....... 70
4. Jeromes Appropriation by Dalmatian Humanists ...................................................... 80
4.1. Italian or Dalmatian Saint? .................................................................................. 81
4.2. Marko Maruli as Dalmatian Giovanni dAndrea ................................................. 83
4.3. Other Humanists ................................................................................................. 88
Conslusion .................................................................................................................... 92
Bibliography .............................................................................................................. 9798
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List of Figures
Figure 1 Gustav Droysen, The Roman provinces of the Lower Danube after the Diocletian's division, Map reproduced from
