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TATA INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

SCHOOL OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT, TULJAPUR

FIELD WORK REPORT

Village: Pohner

Guided by: Dr. Ramesh Jare

Reported by: Ashish Kumar Sinha

MASW (RD) 1st year (Roll No. : 05)

Batch: 2014-16

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all those who provided me the possibility to

complete this report. A special gratitude I give to our field work coordinator, Dr. Ramesh Jare,

whose contribution in stimulating suggestions and encouragement, helped me to coordinate my

project especially in writing this report.

Furthermore I would extent my appreciation to Mr. Santosh sir, our field work coordinator, who

along with his deep and rich experience in field work guided us to reach a new height.

A special thanks to my teammates, Ms. Neha, Ms. Vidushi, Mr. Shahebrao, and Mr. Virendra.

Who were the immediate means of inspiration and support, one of the best environment to work

under and nurture my skills.

ASHISH KUMAR SINHA

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ABSTRACT

Field work is not only a curriculum part instead it’s an interface between classroom learnings

and actual practice. With the same intention and motive we were sent to village Pohner, one of

the part of drought prone Marathwada region.

Although several tools and techniques were suggested and several agendas were to be discussed

and practiced in the field. But implementing those tools and practicing it was never an easy task,

few of us had never seen a village of this kind, few of us had never ever observed the politics at

village level. It was the stage where we didn’t have any expert mind over there it was only we

the team members who had to tackle all these difficulties and hence the classroom suggestions

and learnings of group dynamics came into act.

Focusing on observation part an analysis was done on several parameters, socio-economic,

political, education, agriculture, livelihood, health. These were the sectors we started working

upon. Several new rituals, ill practices, we identified which were rightly mentioned in our

classroom teachings. Having separate cremation place for different castes, big and maintained for

general category, cremation place full of bushes and without roof for schedule castes. These

things amused us. Problems like open defecation, sanitation etc. was discussed.

Hence overall it was not only one of the best learning experience but also one of the best

memory we captured to work further and to continue our classroom learnings implementing in

field.

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PRESS NOTE

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VILLAGE MAP

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CONTENTS

Field work tentative action plan

Village profile

1. Introduction

2. Methodology

3. Place of study

4. Summary Report (Observation/learning/course relevance )

I. Agriculture & irrigation

II. Health

III. Open defecation

IV. Infrastructure

V. Status of employment

VI. Education

VII. Women status

VIII. Social & cultural aspects.

IX. Governance.

5. PRA tools

6. Pictures

7. Household surveys

8. Summary

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FIELD WORK TENTATIVE ACTION PLAN

We had to stay there for approximately 3 weeks, so we decided to go week by week.

1st week: we focused on relationship building, started visiting school regularly. PRA

tools like mashaal phery and transect walk was done. One of the main and important

motive was to make the villagers, purpose of our presence.

2nd week: we started collecting data on different sectors such as health, agriculture,

and structure of different institutions like PHC and Aganwadi, Talati. As we had sensed

the important institutions presence and their role it was time to get some information

officially so that we can compare the same with our own observation.

3rd week: our 3rd week was to not only get the data but to study the different dynamics,

cultural practices, festival celebrations, and involvement of different community in each

other festivals like Navratra and Bakrid.

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VILLAGE PROFILE

Population: 1809

Households: 322

Total land: 781.30 (440hectares irrigated land and 341hectares non-irrigated land)

Village panchayat: established in 1960 (Vidya jaisigh Deshmukh-sarpanch)

No of health center: 2 Aganwadi, 1 PHC

School: 1 primary & 1 High school

PDS center: 1

Water (drinking source): 1 big above water tank

No of self-help group: 13

Village Pohner is located in district osmanabad. It is one of the drought prone affected

marathwada region village. It is a village with people of different communities living together in

harmony. But caste system still prevails and it can still be seen and observed just by simply

having a walk around. As village is divided in wards and hence community wise.

Village is only 9kms away from nearby town Osmanabad and hence facilities like transportation

and market for agri goods are few inbuilt facilities that this village is enjoying of. Facilities like

education and other government services are also few of the facilities that this village is availing.

Talking about economy, it is not that much appraisable, there are people with no income or say

they are just struggling to live. Natural calamities like earthquake had taken away their earnings

and are still paying for the same.

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1. Introduction

One of the major life in India is being lived in villages, but again not one but infinite

numbers of the major problem lies in our villages only. As our country’s economy is

growing every next year at a greater pace, but at the same time our villages are getting a

sudden deceleration. And to keep our villages at same pace as of our country’s growing

economy we need to get our step back into villages.

Tata institute of social sciences in its determined forward step has designed a set of

framework to keep our decelerating villages on a check through its field work. Field

work has been designed to check the elements involved in decelerating the development

of villages. It involves a number of organized tools and techniques and mutual

involvement of villagers and students.

Marathwada is one of the five regions in Maharashtra, which is identified as having one

of the backward region of this state. Even UNDP’s one of the parameter HDI (human

development index) suggests the same. This region covers several districts and its

villages, and ‘Pohner’ is identified as one of the village in district Osmanabad which is

again one of the backward district of this marathwada region. And to understand and

observe the region for the decelerating development we visited this village as a field

work program.

2. Methodology

This field work study was carried out by using the micro planning tools. Prominently few

tools like rapport building, resource mapping, social mapping, chapatti diagram, mashaal

Phery. The above tools were used because it provides an accurate way to interact with the

villagers.

The motive was to not only interact with the villagers but also to involve them in the

above tools, so that they can figure out the problems on their own. To know how their

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village has got enough resources to rebuild the lost resources, and rebuild their own

village.

3. Place of study

The purpose of field work was exercised in village Pohner, taluka and district

Osmanabad. Pohner which is 8km away from Osmanabad town has population 1809 and

322 household comes under it, with total agricultural land area of 781.30 Hectares. This

place was selected for the purpose of study out of 6 villages chosen under micro planning

exercise. And we were aimed at observing the village setup and recognizing the problems

being faced by villagers in different contexts.

4. Observation /learning/course relevance

I. Agriculture & irrigation

(A)Infrastructure:

Village Pohner has total agricultural land area of 781 hectares. With 440hectares

irrigated land and 341hectares non-irrigated land. Major sources of irrigation are

wells and water coming out from dam. But both sources are seasonal that means

water is not available for irrigation whole year. Equipment used are mainly

hired, only few big landlords own their farming equipment. But no such new

technology farming equipment are used apart from tractor. One can find pump

set in almost all farmers land to pull out water from well or dam water.

Electricity is provided around 8 hours per day.

(B) Major crops and seasons:

Major problem here being faced by farmers is of water, so only one season is

primarily being used by farmer for cropping i.e. wet season. And crops are

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majorly soya bean, sugarcane, Jwar, onion etc. but are restricted to few farmers

only because rich farmers only take effort to grow sugarcane.

(C) Problems:

Apart from water we never focused on or gave any second thought to other

problem being faced and are so many when observed out of that major problems

are scarcity of labor, no certain pattern of rain, no proper market, soil fertility,

hefty loan etc.

Agricultural input/output:

Few crops and their input and output can be calculated as:

Soya bean-

• Seed- MH-335, Rs.80/- kg.

• 30kg seeds/acre = Rs. 2400/- acre

• Pesticides-151515 or 18/46 or SPN .3 to 5 kg/acre = Rs. 900/- acre

• Labor cost- Rs.600/acre

• Total input = Rs.3900/ Acre.

• Output = 4-5 quintal /acre

20 %

20 %

24 %

36 %

landless families

open

muslim

obc

sc/st

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Total output = Rs.3000/quintal*5 = Rs.15000/-

So we can see farmer gets a profit of Rs.12000/ acre. It can easily be

calculated that any farmer with land of 2-3 Acres gets only Rs.24000/-

to Rs.35000/-

Learning:

When we interacted with the different set farmers, like farmer with rich land,

farmer with marginal land, farmer with land but not proper resource. One of the

important thing noticeable was cropping methodology, because almost 99%

farmer are practicing old farming techniques, old crops. Which figures out that it

is not only that farmers are facing water problem it is awareness that lacks

among them.

Also the old setup of tenancy or say tenant farming practice was quite a major

problem, farmer from Dalit section or OBC doesn’t hold much agricultural land

which also tells the story that distribution of land is still a major problem we are

facing. Also the history of farmer suicide are majorly from lower caste only.

Course relevance:

In subject like ‘India’s development experience’ we learnt that how our country

has suffered since British colonial period in context to agriculture specially, and

effect of that can easily be traced out in this village also i.e. of land distribution

among different castes. Tenancy farming still prevails. ‘Understanding Indian

society’ which aimed at clarifying the caste distribution, under household survey

it was observed that out of 50 household surveyed almost 25 are landless or say

below 1 acre of land and out of that 20 are not from open category.

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II. Health

(A) Infrastructure and facilities

In terms of health Pohner is quite well performing, as facilities like

Aganwadi and PHC (primary health center) are running quite well.

There are 2 Aganwadi centers 1 PHC that is nursing a population of 1809. In

terms staff Aganwadi has got full time availability but PHC has little

shortage. Ambulance, stretcher, medicines, and other equipment are

available in PHC. But when we compared it with NRHM stated guideline

few things lacked like, wheelchair is not present, few medicines of Heart

patients are not there. Laboratory is there but is not functioning well, so

patients are forced to go in city of Osmanabad for the same.

(B) Major diseases & malnutrition status

Till august there were 2 cases of malnutrition children, but till September

number of cases reported was 0.

When asked doctor of PHC regarding major diseases he said one of the

major problem in health prevails among women, as most of the women are

anemic.

(C) Problems

Though all the infrastructure and facilities are present in the village but when

it comes to those people who are marginalized and poor the scenario change.

If anyone get some life-threatening disease or medical problem then it cost

them their life to get their relatives/family treated. Being available several

government schemes like Rajiv Gandhi Jeevandayi Arogya Scheme, its

penetration is not well acknowledged.

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Learnings:

When we started analyzing the health status of Pohner village the condition of

health in Pohner was far better than nearby villages, when I visited village Surdi

and Begda and got the health status from local PHC that is in Pohner village

only we found that it is sanitation that was the main reason behind the sound

health status of Pohner village.

Course relevance:

Be it health, be it agriculture, or anything it was Dalit community and other

marginalized community who seemed to be affected, a problem that we had

already seen reflected and discussed in ‘Understanding Indian society’ and its

history in ‘Professional social work-history and ideologies’.

Also one of the most important parameter HDI that we studied in ‘India’s

development experience’ has shown that we are way backward in terms of

health.

open 18 %

obc 18 %

muslim 27 %

sc/st 37 %

longterm illness(category wise)

open obc muslim sc/st

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III. Open defecation

It’s an issue that is not a local issue, whole India is struggling to tackle it. But

talking specifically about this village problem is not similar to other local

villages of Maharashtra. One usually say it is water problem that is being named

as a main cause of open defecation. But this village has separate water tank for

entire village, nearby dam constantly provides water in wet season. We found 7-

8 toilets built by government but none of them are being used, people like

village panchayat members are even going out for open defecation.

Observation: we observed that it is not exactly water problem that is reason

behind open defecation, it is mentality. Because several people knows about

toilet schemes by government but they are not approaching that. Even when we

tried to get the children aware of its issues, its ill effects, their parent protested.

But after several movie screening and video screening, we found that few people

came forward to avail the facility of having toilet.

So after 20 days observation we can say if we slowly but constantly mobilize the

young generation this problem can be eradicated.

IV. Infrastructure

Infrastructure is basically any physical structure which helps an organization or

society to carry out different services to serve the society.

And few such physical structure that helps a village to run smoothly are for an

example hospital, village panchayat, schools, Aganwadi center, village

panchayat office, Dams Etc. and these infrastructures provide a proper setup and

environment to carry out services.

(A)Government offices

Condition of government offices like hospital, panchayat office, schools,

community hall etc. are either way not justifiable. One of the most important

thing to be noted is that none of the offices except hospital is having its toilet.

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Also the most shocking thing is few offices doesn’t even exist, post office is one

of them, and post master carries out all the works at his residence only. Although

according to post master he has put forward this problem to higher authorities

but never any action was taken.

(B)Road and transportation

Condition of road is comparatively good, considering the point that almost all

roads are pakka. Only few are kachha or muddy. One of the most important to

be noted is roads in Dalit community vicinity are not even provided, they are

using others land to access their houses and every next month they fall under

some kind of disputes. Also pakka roads behind Dalit house are used for open

defecation.

Transportation facility is sound, as it is only 8kms away from nearby town

almost every time transportation facility is available. Both public and private

modes of transportation are available.

(C)Electricity

Altogether 300 households are having electricity connection, and approximately

7-8 hours of load shedding is there in village. In farm say in agriculture field

approximately farmers get 7-8 hours of electricity.

(D)Waste management and sanitation

Not a single sign of waste management can be traced in this village, only the

PHC does it for its own waste products, that too in specially designed pit.

Condition of sanitation inside the village is somewhere good, but outside the

village it’s altogether a failure. And almost all the roads that surrounds the

village are full of human feces.

V. Status of employment

A.) Occupation type and its distribution.

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Most of the villagers who are involved in any kind of occupation are mostly

related to farm sectors. Following data reveals the more. 36% people are

involved in occupation apart from farm. Rest of the 64% are directly or

indirectly dependent upon agriculture sector.

Out of all household members surveyed, 42% people earn less than Rs.

5000/- month. There are only 8% people whose earning reaches up to Rs.

13 , % 18

16 , % 23

13 , % 18

13 , 18 %

14 , % 20

2 , 3 %

KIND OF OCCUPATION

FARM FARM &WAGES JOB BUSINESS WAGES FARM & BUSINESS

B.)

42 %

23 %

27 %

8 %

MONTHLY INCOME

(Rs.)0-5000

(Rs.)5001-1000

(Rs.)10001-30000

(Rs.)30001-60000

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60000/-

C.) Sex wise employability

Out of all the people surveyed and had any kind of occupation, only 9%

female were there compared to 91% male.

D.) Migration pattern and its reason

People with age group 18-30, can barely be seen in the village, the main

reason is after getting education they have moved to the cities like Pune,

Mumbai, Nagpur etc. only those who are having enough land to earn a good

amount can be traced in the same age group. The same is only in case of

male members. In female members story is different, those who belongs to

open category and are literate are either studying outside the village or are

married outside. But those who belongs to OBCs or Dalit family are residing

in village only.

E.) More on Pohner employability

As above data shows the employability pattern of village, but the pattern is

not same whole year, as data shows 64% are directly or indirectly dependent

MALE 91 %

FEMALE 9 %

EMPLOYBILITY (SEX - WISE)

MALE FEMALE

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upon agriculture. They are henceforth employed in single season that is 4-5

month maximum. So rest of the year they are unemployed.

There is not also any kind of weekly or monthly market so that people can

get extra opportunities.

Only one thing is positive that no such kind of child labor can be seen.

VI. Women status.

(A) Role

One of the major role of women in Pohner village is of house wife but is not

limited to this only. But instead it is characterized by different community,

different caste for example- those of Dalit community not only does household

work, but go to the field also as labor. Same is for OBC also. But open category

women never goes to field.

Only few women in village are working in any private or government sector.

Women are not considered to take part in any decision making situation.

(B) Types of employment and education

Those who are employed women, mostly work as labor. Only 3 to 4 women we

came across who are in government job.

Fifty family that was surveyed suggests that grandparents are barely literate or

completed their education up to 10th standards at least. Women of age group

3050 are also more or less same.

But young generation are different they are going to school, and also to colleges.

Big landlords but literate one have sent their daughters to cities for higher

studies like MBBS, engineering, and BDS .whereas girls of Dalit and poor

families are not completing their education and are married at young age,

(C)Marriage age and health condition.

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When asked doctors and ASHA worker about health status of women, major

concern is of Anemia and the reason behind it is that they are not taking green

vegetables and proper nutrients are missing from their diet.

And the health condition deteriorates when young girls in their teen age are

married. Most of the Dalit family get their girl’s marriage at an early age of

around 17-19. Upper caste is somewhere better but still not meeting standard age

of getting married.

(D)Adolescent girls

Apart from education there are several factors where Dalit family are performing

better. They are allowed to move outside their houses to some extent. But upper

caste family doesn’t allow their girls to even walk inside the village. Most of the

girls are forced to quit their education after 10th standards, as to complete further

education they have to go out in town to study.

Learnings / observation

• Sarpanch of Pohner village panchayat, being women is still kept behind

the walls and is not performing her duties. Instead her brother in law is

taking care of all the activities.

• One cannot trace a single teenage girl in village, even to roam.

• Women are facing domestic violence as their husbands are usually drunk

and this story can be found in every next house.

• They discuss their problem in self-help groups but discussion is not

getting transform into any further improvement or action.

• One of the activist Surekha Yadav is active in letting the social evil

against women a word before sarpanch, but she usually faces several

rages and interruption in her day to day activity and life.

• One incidence too occurred while doing field work when few old

grandparents warned us not to teach any kind of lessons to their girls,

they asked who we to teach their children about open defecation are.

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Course relevance

In almost every subject we can figure out the word ‘feminism’ be it

understanding Indian society, professional social work, India’s

development experience etc. All these courses gives us insight of the

gender gap between male and female. We talk about change in our social

structure, westernization etc. but all these changes and effect of

westernization are appearing null while our 20 days stay in this village.

VII. Education

(A)Infrastructure

Village has two separate school, one is of primary schooling and another

one is of high school. Primary school has again two separate building

alongside the road. It comprises of 4 rooms, used for teaching purpose

only, no separate room is there for any kind of activity. Even toilet is not

in this school.

High school has enough space, own playing ground with large classrooms,

one computer lab with all the essential equipment like Personal computer,

projector, and small laboratory is also there. Toilet is there but is not fully

functional and hygienic. Separate space for toilet has been provided.

Village has one reading room, but is barely used for the same purpose it

has been built. (B) Observation

Although this village has enough infrastructure to provide education to

young boys and girls, in fact students from nearby villages are coming

here to study. But one of the major fact that can be observed is that

number of girls in primary school is greater than number of boys. But in

high school this ratio is not maintained, the reason is two or three, first

there is some dropout, second few move out of town in search of some

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private school, but is contradictory reason as stated by primary school

faculty because if students are going out of town for high schooling they

are from rich family only, how a poor family child can go for convent

schooling?

Third reason is that high school includes student from other villages also,

so the ratio never remains the same.

Learning

Actually education doesn’t mean that it could be imparted to young kids

only not to parents or old aged people. The problems which we traced in

village are basically because people lack basic knowledge, it is not only

literacy rate that assures better improvement in someone’s lifestyle it is

good education that also needs to be there and we never found any activity

that can assure further improvement in their education and their lifestyle.

In one incident we visited one farmer’s farm, he showed us how his

educated brothers are taking benefit of government schemes and doing

better in agriculture whereas he couldn’t.

Course relevance

In India’s development experience we studied about how literacy rate and

other factors of HDI are affecting any state or society’s development and

same we observed in this village also, it is poor literacy because of which

farmers are suffering.

VIII. Social and cultural aspects

As the name of this village is Pohner, we tried to figure out why the name of this

village then according to few villagers it’s because Pohner is made up of word

‘pahuna’ which means guest, and villagers of this village are famous for

providing good hospitality to guests.

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When we inquired much about it, whether it’s one mouth story or is same with

everybody, we not only figured out the same but also experienced warm

hospitality throughout the stay. Everybody have same saying that all the

community lives in harmony, be it Hindu, Muslim, or say Dalit. There is no such

communal tension.

Yes in spite of sound cohesion there exist a barrier, that of open category and of

Dalit. There rituals, involvement in different festivals all are different. Living

style, standard all varies in both communities.

But as such no such ill-thinking exists during others festivals. Duushera, Bakrid

both the festivals were celebrated, and both the community participated, i.e. of

Hindu and Muslim.

Learnings

During entire course of our stay in this village we observed few points which

were new to us.

• Water tap in village is separate for separate community and, not

everywhere but almost in lower part of the village, upper part has no

such practice.

• Tension between two communities is more in open category and Dalit,

than of any other community.

• For the first saw 3 different cremation places for different communities,

even Dalit has further two separate cremation places. And condition of

which is really worse.

• Even in festivals like Dusshera, Dalit and open both perform different

rituals.

• Girls are not seen anywhere in village especially of upper caste family.

• Alcohol consumption is a major evil, as number of suicide has taken

place because of this. The place where we used to have our food, her

husband did commit suicide because of his alcohol.

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• No women turn up in village sitting area. if they come then either they

are too old or are from Dalit section

Course relevance

There were several moment and activities which reminded us of subjects like

feminism, caste, gender gap, cultural diversity.

One of the famous topic ‘Zazmani’ system which we had covered in

understanding Indian society still prevails in this village, not that much but

Dhobi( Washer man), and Lohar (Blacksmith) they are carrying their

tradition, and forefather occupation.

IX. Governance & political situation.

Governance

Basically refers to a way of governing and the elements involved in governing to

govern local family, villages, or say society. It is not necessarily that

government work can be referred as governance.

Basically it’s a means by which any stable practice and processes is carried out

to function local organizations meant for society.

Here for governance we can refer to gram panchayat, its members, sevak etc.

gram panchayat of Pohner is having the responsibility of providing good

governance or say local governance.

Talking about the gram sabhas held in one year was only 3, and women gram

sabha held 0. Even 2nd October was meant to be day when we supposed to have

a view of gram sabha but we couldn’t witness it as it never held.

Talking about the structure of Pohner village gram panchayat members it is

equally distributed, 3 open category, 3 OBC, 3 SC. Village sarpanch is a lady.

Apart from Gram panchayat Talati also comes under the governance system,

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there is a Talati appointed but he has not visited the village since years, even

after several try we couldn’t locate him.

Observation: we observed that the gram panchayat is not able to govern the

village properly, there are several complaints we received from several villagers.

Also we figured out that lower caste people are neglected in each and every

aspects.

Political situation

Situation of village in political aspect is very much sensitive. Even from the very

first day we had to face the heat of political scenario of the village, when we met

one of the Activist of Narmada Bachao Andolan Ms. Surekha Yadav, who is

actually opposite to Gram panchayat sarpanch on political ground. Several

eyebrows were on raise when we had 2 to 3 visits to her house, and then we

understood the situation and hence we tried to keep our self away from these

political situations.

Also because of election period we observed that several parties came to village

for their campaigning purpose. And accordingly different group of people

participated in campaign of different parties. Even current MLA from

Osmanabad tried to meet us so that he can through our way convey the message

that he is concern for the development of this village.

5. PRA tools

Purpose of PRA tools is to

• Enhance the understanding of social worker to understand the rural structure for

better development and planning.

• To improve the communication skills, such that it helps to work along with

villagers in development policies and planning.

Following are the tools of PRA

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I. Mashaal phery: This tool is used to get the villagers aware of the motives of

development agent. It includes the set of areas in which one wants to deal with in

entire course of stay. It is accomplished with the help of villagers only, including

school children to old aged people.

Learnings: while preparing for this phery we figured out that to carry out such

type of an event one needs proper road map, like to manage children gatherings,

how to handle those carrying mashaal, how to involve old aged people, and

especially women.

Observation: we observed that people were interested even before the beginning

of this phery, but there were set of people who wanted to keep themselves away

from this event, as they thought it could show their political biasness in this.

Involving women is a daunting task, but once one or two women are ready it can

be done easily, for that we tried to involve some and we succeed also.

II. Transect walk: A transect walk is a tool for describing and showing the location

and distribution of resources, features, landscape, main land uses along a given

transect.

Learnings: It basically provides an idea of geographical condition, vegetation,

soil, availability of resource, scarce of resources. It gave us an idea of how the

ideas can be implemented and how the resources can be utilized in a proper way.

Observation: we observed that although this location i.e. marathwada is running

short of water sources and water availability, but this village is at least fortunate

of having its own separate water tank, but people are not using it in a way it could

have been used. Resources like dam water, are not utilized properly and are not

being conserved properly.

III. Resource map: resource map is a technique that helps us to figure out the

knowledge of villagers about the availability of resources on their village. Here

the resource bank available in the village is figured out not by us but by

villagers. Learnings: with this tool we got an idea, first, how to arrange people

ideas at one place and simultaneously know how the availability of resources,

scarcity of resources, water availability, etc.

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Observation: we observed that villagers, particularly the old aged people are

more aware of the available resources, they also know the history of resources

like they told us that before 1972 there wasn’t much problem of water in this

village, but now the problem prevails year to year. One farmer said that the

availability of water varies every 4 years.

IV. Social map: social map is a tool or method with the help of which the location

of different households, community wise location, different social institution and

other institutions are located with the villager’s participation.

Learnings: it helped us to understand where which community resides and so the

social and also economic structure is analyzed. Social institution and its

usefulness is learnt.

Observation: we observed that the village is categorized under different wards,

and hence different wards have different communities’ majority, like there is a

separate ward where open category households are located. We also figured out

that the infrastructure such as roads and water taps, how they are different in

different in different wards. For example. Dalit community has no pakka road.

V. Chapatti diagram: it is a technique in which small round shaped chapatti like

papers are cut and different institution’s names are mentioned. Which further

with the help of villagers the role, its importance, performances are judged.

Different set of views are analyzed and then is further mapped in a Venn

diagram like visual structure.

Learnings: it showed us how such type of sensitive exercises are conducted,

because of involvement of different views it involves great risk of getting into a

heated argument. But with proper care we conducted it with the involvement of

different age group and different gender.

Observation: we observed that there were few institutions about which all the

participants had same view. But again there were some point where participants

had different view, and they almost started quarreling. Also institutions like

Talati’s office, hospital (staff) were questioned. And hence we got an important

topic to work upon.

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VI. Seasonal map: seasonal map is a tool in which annual history of agriculture

practice is mapped, it includes types of crops cultivated in different seasons,

inputs, like seeds, fertilizers, and insecticides etc. a group of young and old

farmers are being called upon to map it.

Learnings: Through this map one can analyze the condition of agriculture in

village, i.e. how much one farmer is investing, how much one is getting as output.

It is also then easy to check the issues which are affecting the agriculture

sector.one can also know that which crop is being produced more and why.

Observation: we observed that farmers who are using old techniques and are

having less agricultural land are almost just struggling to survive. Whereas big

farmers are struggling to do production in all the seasons that is in wet and dry

season.

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6. Pictures:

1. Mashaal phery

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2. Social mapping.

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3. Resource mapping

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4. Chapatti diagram

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5. Seasonal map

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6. MOVIE SCREENING

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7. HOUSEHOLD SURVEY (DATA ANALYSIS):

1. SOCIO- ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

a.) Social security: out of 50 household surveyed only 18% had social security.

b.) Occupation :

18%

82%

yes no

13 , % 18

16 , % 23

13 , % 18

13 , 18 %

14 , % 20

2 , 3 %

OCCUPATION

FARM FARM &WAGES JOB BUSINESS WAGES FARM & BUSINESS

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c.) Pension :

d.) Employability

80000%

98%0%

10000%

20000%

30000%

40000%

50000%

60000%

70000%

80000%

90000%

bank other sources

MALE 91 %

FEMALE 9 %

EMPLOYBILITY (SEX - WISE)

MALE FEMALE

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e.) loan sources:

8. Summary

It is quite tough to pen down all the events, all the activities, observations, analysis in

such small report, but those analysis, observations, activities which changed our

mindset, our way of looking the things, perceptions I tried to put it here. Major issues

like open defecation, sanitation, water and irrigation, we figured out and not only we

discussed with villagers but also tried to at least start a change, through means like

Movie screening, video screening in school and village community hall areas. Although

we can say that it didn’t change the scenario, but it did change the mindset of few

people. On the whole it wasn’t simply a field work for us it was more of like

‘understanding Indian reality’. Going out their out of our comfort zone wasn’t an easy

task, but with proper guidance of field coordinator and supervisor, it became so easy to

adapt the village life and environment. And hence we understood those problems of

villages, and took it as our problem and hence worked on it since very first day that is of

Open defecation.

66%

16% 18%

bank cooperative family member