Fibre Optics CT is an independent cable-testing lab
Transcript of Fibre Optics CT is an independent cable-testing lab
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Fibre Optics CT is an independent cable-testing lab
TESTING - Test lab for optical, electrical cables and signalling cables
In our in-house tensile testing facility we carry out static or dynamic tensile tests on cables at
ambient and extreme temperatures, and determine and evaluate the resulting changes in
mechanical, optical and electrical properties.
Over 45 years experience with cables and standards enables us to run these tests in a
practical way, under realistic environmental and operating conditions and in accordance
with the relevant IEC (international) and DIN EN (European) standards.
We constantly seek to improve existing methods for testing and sample conditioning, and
to innovate new procedures aimed at achieving reproducible tests and state-of-the-art
cable quality assessment.
Consulting & Testing GmbH
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CONSULTING
Technical Terms of Delivery and Contract
We supply expert advice to clients on technical issues related to terms of delivery and
contract, including special requirements for signal or optical outdoor cables. This is done
in compliance with current international framework/generic specifications. If clients so
require, we also draw up the documents on their behalf.
It is our aim to define
• the properties of optical and electrical cables
• the construction of cable duct installations (incl. calibration and seal-monitoring)
• conformity to environmental requirements for cable installations
• cable laying procedure, etc.
in such a way that cables can go through the processes of design, manufacture, laying in
ducts and installation without any negative property changes throughout a service life of 20-
35 years.
Consulting & Testing GmbH
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CONSULTING
Training sessions
The issues covered in training sessions include basic information on optical cables,
installation and measuring technology
Consulting & Testing GmbH
Seminars held: 140 (since 1995) Number of participants: 1127
Participants: from Germany, Switzerland, Austria and the Czech Republic
Groups from Telekom, railways, telecom networks, energy suppliers, telecom
construction companies, waterways and motorway authorities
• Construction supervision of optical cable installation, measuring technology
• Cable basics and measuring technology (beginners)
• Approval of optical cable installations and fault detection (advanced)
• Acceptance tests for optical cables, incl. IEC test "Tensile performance and
bending under tension" and fibre elongation
Themes:
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FIRM HISTORY
Fibre Optics CT Consulting & Testing GmbH
was founded in 2002, with the hiving-off of the following services areas from Wolf
Kabeltechnik GmbH (founded 1982):
• Type approval testing of optical and electrical cables
• Monitoring of the quality of optical fibre cables
• Training courses (seminars)
• Preparation of assessment reports
• Consulting
• Development (optical fibre sensors and sealing technology)
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COOPERATION with other testing facilities
Subcontractors or laboratories hired for testing purposes
Institute for Materials
Testing, Stuttgart Univ.
• Material fault
analysis
Metals
Klaus Kimmich
Messtechnik-Service
Hohentwielstr 14
70199 Stuttgart
• Measurement of fibre
excess length and fibre
elongation
• Measuring technology
seminars
Institut for plastics
technology (IKT)
Stuttgart University
• Material fault
analysis
Plastics
GE Sensing & Inspection
Technologies GmbH
Branch Office Stuttgart
• 3D computer
tomography
• 2D X-ray analysis
accredited not accredited accredited accredited
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RANGE OF CABLE TESTS
Qualification tests carried out on
electrical or optical cables
Tensile performance
Laying properties
Environmental tests
Mechanical tests
Tests on optical fibres
3D computer tomography
2D X-ray analysis
Measurement of fibre elongation
Example:
3D computer tomography
D1: Fibre compression
D2: Air bubbles
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RANGE OF CABLE TESTS
Assessing cable faults
Our managing director, has had 45 years experience in the field of test techniques and
planning (at SEL-Kabelwerk, then in his own firm, Wolf Kabeltechnik) and over 20 years of
realistic testing in his own lab or in other facilities with his own equipment. This know-how
enables us to carry out tests and assessments independently of manufacturers, e.g. on
behalf of telecom network operators and cable manufacturers
• Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
• Infrared spectroscopy (IR)
• Light microscopy (LM)
• Laying properties
• Ageing tests
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RANGE OF CABLE TESTS
Type approval tests for plug connections
Ferrule end-face geometry
Thermic ageing and temperature cycling, frost and dew test
Ageing caused by condensation and humidity/ Condensation cycling/
Temperature cycling after condensation
Drying-out test/ Water resistance
Vibration
Bending/ Cable torsion/ Tensile performance of coupling mechanism
Transmission under tension
Durability (mating cycles)
Impact/ Tightness under tension/ Pressure
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NEED FOR a neutral, independent cable testing lab
Experience has repeatedly shown that in many cases, despite
• Manufacturers' certification in acc. with ISO 9001
• Type approval acceptance tests or inspections with other certificates
of approval
the mechanical and/ or optical properties of cables can be affected by installation
and operational conditions to such an extent that proper function is hazarded or may
become seriously impaired within service lifetime.
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NEED FOR a neutral, independent cable testing lab
shorter
service
life
Price Quality
higher
costs for
corrections
etc.
Reasons for quality loss:
Competition between price and quality
has led to constant cut-backs in:
Materials
(to compensate for increases
in material and staff costs)
Quality assurance measures
Training schemes for employees
Consequence:
Shortened service life and higher costs for
corrections, repairs etc.
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Fault statistics of the ITU (International Telecommunication
Union) 1994
Structural damage in duct cables Reference magnitude
2915
cable - km
1778
cable - km
Structural damage
With damage to cables (breakage)
1.338 faults/ 100 cable-km * yr 2003 39 faults
---
0.445 faults/ 100 cable-km * yr 2003 --- 8 faults
Cables without faults (no
breakage)
0,583 faults/ 100 cable-km * yr 2003 17 faults ---
Telecom network operators
Participants in research 9 5
Construction fault statistics (Source: Research by Fibre Optics CT GmbH
Consulting & Testing Stuttgart – Testing lab)
1.22 faults/ 100 km & year
(WAN communication network)
0.93 faults/ 100 km & year
(LAN connection network)
Distribution according to fault area
31% joint faults
28% sheath faults
19% fibre faults
16% structural damage with cable
faults
5% connection faults
1% plug faults
FAULT STATISTICS - What happens in practice is the best argument
for quality assurance
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"Trust is good, control is better!"
Unfortunately, this well-known saying has repeatedly proved true since 2005, when we first
introduced the cable installation test into our seminar programme No. 203 as "Construction
supervision of optical-cable installation and measuring technology" During the seminar, the
cable-laying test is carried out on cable samples belonging to participants, to check compliance
with the requirements in the manufacturer‘s data sheet.
Experience shows that…
the actual tensile performance values do not correspond to those as specified and
guaranteed for standard-installation conditions in the manufacturer‘s data sheet
technical cable data sheets are often incomplete, which may result in a shortening of the
cable‘s service life.
The following information, relevant to the operative area of the cable, is usually missing:
max. fibre elongation under tension < 0,33%
max loss under tension, bending/ torsion/ temperature change/ crush < 0,1 dB
(at wavelengths 1550 nm, 1625 nm)
FAULT STATISTICS - What happens in practice is the best argument
for quality assurance
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Example:
Cable production fault:
inadmissible cable length change
Apart from faults in the joint box installation, the
main cause of leakage in the joint area is length
change in cables, which occurs with ageing.
Fault statistics of Fibre Optics CT test lab 60% faults "inadmissible cable length change"
20% other faults
20% no faults
Photo:
This cable sheath has shrunk
considerably with age:
Actual value: 12,5% = 125 mm
Guideline value: 3% = 30 mm
Practical consequences:
The sheath becomes detached
from the joint box, thus
creating space for water
penetration
FAULT STATISTICS - What happens in practice is the best argument
for quality assurance
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This may have far-reaching consequences
for traffic.
Water penetration leads to
- disintegration of the induction protection
- changes in capacitance
- corrosion and breakage of copper conductors
Consequence:
Disruption or breakdown of the signalling
system
Water penetration as a result of cable faults can
endanger personal safety!
Example:
Water penetration in armoured, induction-protected signalling installations
FAULT STATISTICS - What happens in practice is the best argument
for quality assurance
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Water penetration as a result of cable faults can
cause high costs!
Example: Water penetration in optical fibre
telecommunication equipment
Optical fibre communication channels are in operation day and
night for the transmission of large amounts of data.
Particularly when optical fibres are rented singly to clients, the expectation is that availability
will be practically 100%. Unnoticed water leakage into the optical fibre facility leads to
sudden network failure. Depending on the provider and extent of the failure, numerous users
are affected by the breakdown in communication.
Network breakdown results in costs for switching over, repairs (underground works, cable
replacement) and the consequences for service failure, as there may also be compensation
to pay for damages.
FAULT STATISTICS - What happens in practice is the best argument
for quality assurance
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EXAMPLE: Type approval and batch type tests Tests may be carried out in the presence of the client
Temperature cycling in acc.
with IEC 60794-1-2 Verf. F1
Tensile performance in acc.
with IEC 60794-1-2 Verf. E1
and cable laying properties
under tension in acc. with
IEC 60794-1-2 Verf. E18
Optical and mechanical property changes during
temperature cycling, on lengths up to 2000 m
Optical, electrical and mechanical property changes under
static/ dynamic tension, on lengths up to 200 m
Measurement of optical fibre (over)length,
measurement of stress after ageing
Measurement of optical fibre elongation
in acc. with IEC 60794-1-2/ method E1B
Measurement of mechanical and transmission
properties before, during and after testing
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EXAMPLE: Type approval and batch type tests Tests may be carried out in the presence of the client
Tensile stress on lengths of ~ 7 to 10 m
at lowest or highest admissible temperatures
Static and dynamic test over a fixed S-shaped deflecting device, over rollers and over
S-shaped roller deflecting devices
with
Tightness check on the inner and outer sheath
under tension and with reversed bending stress
(Shaping behaviour of cables at 7.5 x D)
Measurement of the mechanical properties of the cable sheath,
design type and inner construction elements of signalling or
mine cables under installation conditions
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REFERENCES Cable testing/ Assessments
Telekom: Deutsche Telekom Telekom Austria
Cable manufacturers: Pirelli Cables NKT Cables Corning Cables
NOKIA Brugg Kromberg & Schubert
Gebauer & Griller Essex Leonische Drahtwerke
Bayka Kabelwerke LG Cable ABB
Huber + Suhner
Network operators: Memorex Telex Gasline/ Ruhrgas (EON)
Thales Rail
Signalling Solutions
Others: Gisma Steckverbinder Gabler Maschinenbau
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DEVELOPMENT and PLANNING
Gas- and pressurised water sealing systems and accessories (EU patents)
Optical fibre measurement devices [FO5] Pat. pending for the detection of depth levels, temperatures, dangerous substances or water
mixtures in collecting tanks
Type ADE/V Cables, cable ducts,
house connections etc.
Source:
Wolf Kabeltechnik GmbH
Type UA/V Power cables with requirement
conductor short circuit at 90°C,
waste water pipe seal
Source:
Wolf Kabeltechnik GmbH
Type UA/V (S) For special applications
Sealing area from
Ø 250 mm to > 1000 mm
Source:
Wolf Kabeltechnik GmbH
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Gas and pressurised-water sealing systems and accessories (EU patents)
or SAS-T sandwich sealing
system [WO22]
The SAS-T sealing system
(foam seal) replaces
ineffective rodent protection
Info FO 01/3
DEVELOPMENT and PLANNING Sealing control system for cable trays/ cable ducts/ cable sheaths
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DEVELOPMENT and PLANNING Sealing control system for cable trays/ cable ducts/ cable sheaths
Area of application:
Monitors pressure and tightness for
sheaths up to 65 mm Ø.
For use at place of manufacture, during
transport, in storage and during installation
(E = single use only)
Art. No. 55 PLS-E
For monitoring the seal of (un)installed cables
Area of application :
Monitors pressure and tightness of
assembled cables with steel-tape
armouring (induction protection)
in cable installations.
(E = single use only)
Art. No. 55 PSKA-E
For monitoring the pressure and tightness of
installed and assembled cables in cable ducts
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Area of application:
Pressure and tightness control of
stell-tape armoured cables
(induction protection) in cable
systems.
(W = can be reused several
times)
Art. No. 55 PSKA-W
Pressure control of installed
cables in cable systems
Art. No. 55 PKKA-W
Pressure control of occupied
or unoccupied cable ducts
Area of application:
Tightness control of cable ducts
with an inner Ø of 150, 125, 115,
100, 80, 60, 50, 45, 40, 35 mm
Area of application:
Tightness control and
dehumidification system for
assembled cables with
increased RIso or C values
(E = single use)
Art. No. 55 EPV-E
Pressure control and/or dehumidification
system for assembled cables
DEVELOPMENT and PLANNING Sealing control system for cable trays/ cable ducts/ cable sheaths
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PLANNED: Special developments (up to serial production)
Remote monitoring system in single mode
optical fibre technology
For conservation of value (e.g. monitoring the transport
of raw materials to prevent water loss, etc)
Safety in close proximity to dangerous substances
(e.g. monitoring fuel storage depots)
Sensor switches for doors, mineshafts
Temperature differences (e.g. long-distance heating)
and lots more...
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CONTACT
Zazenhäuser Str. 52
70437 Stuttgart
Germany
Tel. ++49 (0) 711 87 08 572
Mail: [email protected]
www.fibreopticsct.de