FIA’s Down Woody Materials Field Sampling Protocols 2nd of 3 Part Training Series Christopher...
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Transcript of FIA’s Down Woody Materials Field Sampling Protocols 2nd of 3 Part Training Series Christopher...
FIA’s Down Woody Materials Field Sampling Protocols2nd of 3 Part Training Series
Christopher Woodall
DWM National Indicator Advisor
Outline
• Transect Segmenting
• Coarse Woody Debris
• Fine Woody Debris
• Duff, Litter and Fuelbed
• Shrubs and Herbs
• Slash Piles
4
2
3
1
150
270
30
24 feet (h.d.)Three / subplot
CWD
20 ft (s.d.)
FWD (small & medium)
Subplot
14 ft (s.d.)
24ft(s.d.)
6 ft (s.d.)
10 ft (s.d.)
FWD (large)
One per subplot
Annular plot
6.8 ft. radius microplot
Duff, Litter, Fuelbed depths 24 ft. location, every transect
Transect Segmenting
1) Only sample DWM components on accessible forest land
2) Must map changes in forest condition classes along transects
Transect Segmenting
Non-ForestCC #2
10 ft
Transect length must equal 24 ft, Horizontal Dist.
Subplot
T CC BEGIN
SDIST
SLOPE
%
END SDIST
2 030 1 0.0 10 10.0
2 030 2 10.0 50 25.7
ForestCC #1
Coarse Woody Debris
Sampling Procedures Depend on Decay of Individual Pieces
Freshly Fallen
Moderate Decay Mostly Decayed
CWD Decay Classes
Decay Class Structural Integrity Texture of Rotten Portions
1Sound, intact, freshly fallen, bark
onIntact, no rot
2 SoundMostly intact, sapwood rotting and soft,
can’t pull off easily
3Heartwood sound, supports own
weight
Heartwood hard, rot beginning, large cubical rot pieces, sapwood easily
pulled off or missing
4Heartwood rotten, does not
support its own weight, but holds shape
Heartwood soft, small cubical decay pieces, metal pin easily pushed into
heartwood
5None! Spreads out on ground,
losing shape of logWood is soft, crumbly, heavily
decomposed, powdery when dry
CWD Tally Rules
Point of Intersection
Transect
Transect Diameter
CWD Piece Axis
Decay Classes 1 - 4
Piece >= 3” Transect Diameter
Piece >= 3’ Long
Decay Class 5
Piece >= 5” Transect Diameter
Piece >= 3’ Long
Piece >= 5” Above ground-level
CWD Tally Rules Cont’d
Only tally portion of log above ground and or above water
Standing dead trees are CWD if they lean >= 45 from vertical
Must have a diameter >= 3 inches along entire length
Tally a piece each time it intersects any transect, regardless of the
number of times
If log split down center, treat as two separate pieces
CWD Forks and Branches
Forked PiecesEach fork must meet minimum specsFork with largest diameter at the crotch is the ‘main bole’2nd fork ends at the crotch
Large branchBranch must meet minimum specsLength measured from small end to the point where it connects to main bole
CWD Measurements
Sub plot TRAN
CWD DIST SPP
TRAN DIAM
SML DIAM
LRG DIAM
TOT LENG
DECAY CLASS HOL?
CWD HIST
Decay Class
1-4
5
Length
Transect Diameter
CWD distance
Large End Diameter
Small End Diameter
Decay ClassSpeciesHollow?
CWD History
CWD Lengths and Diameters
Measure here
Measure here
Length is measured between diameter measurements
When the ends of the log are splintered or crumbling from decay…measure the diameter at the point where it best represents the overall volume of the log.
CWD LengthsSeparates if Pulled
CWD Length CWD Length
CWD Diameter
CWD Diameter
If CWD piece is fractured, either across diameter or length, and crew determines it would separate if pulled by either end… Then… Tally as two separate CWD pieces
Fine Woody Debris
SubplotCond. Class
Small FWD
Med. FWD
Large FWD
Reason High
RP Transect
1 1 003 002 007 0 0
Count FWD pieces, by size class, intersecting subplot transects
FWD Sample Design
150
270
30
Tallied on 150 degree transect on each subplot
20 ft (s.d.)
14 ft (s.d.)
24ft (s.d.)
6 ft (s.d.)
10 ft (s.d.)
Large FWD: Tally pieces 1” – 2.9”
Small FWD: Tally pieces < ¼ ”
Medium FWD: Tally pieces >= ¼ ” – .9”
Size-Class Tally Counts
FWD Tally Rules
• Estimate FWD tally after count > 50 for diameter < 1 inch
• Estimate FWD tally after count > 20 for diameter >= 1 inch
• Make attempt to tally FWD first due to trampling
• If count exceeds 100 in any size class indicate reason why (i.e. rat’s nest or fallen tree)
• If a pile intersects the FWD transect (14 – 24’) do not measure FWD (code ‘Yes’ for ‘RP_on_transect’)
Duff, Litter, and Fuelbed
Subplot Transect DL_SampDuff
DepthLitter Depth
Fuelbed Depth
1 150 1 inches inches feet
Depth of 3 fuel layers above mineral soil
Duff, Litter, and Fuelbed
Mineral Soil
Duff
Litter
CWD & FWDFuelbed Depth
Subplot
Measure depths at 24 ft (slope distance) on every transect.
Obstructions:If a rock or other significant obstruction is found at sample point, do not measure any depths.
If a log is found at sample point, measure fuelbed depth but NOT duff and litter.
Duff, Litter, Fuelbed
0
1
2
Duff and litter depth not sample, fuelbed sampled
All sampled
Nothing sampled
Use coding options to take quality measurements, since we measure these variables at twelve points on each plot, don’t collect data if measurement obstructed or compromised
Microplot Fuels
SubplotLive
Shrub %
Live Shrub
HT
Dead Shrub
%
Dead Shrub
HT
Live Herb
%
Live Herb HT
Dead Herb
%
Dead Herb HT
Litter %
1 30 4.0 10 2.2 90 1.9 0 0.0 40
10% Cover Classes
Microplot Sampling
Estimate coverage (%) and tallest height (ft) of live/dead shrubs/herbs on microplot
Estimate coverage (%) of litter on microplot
Microplot Sampling
Herbs
Herbs and Shrubs
Shrubs
Live and Dead
Shrubs: plants (non-trees), woody stems
Herbs: non-woody herbaceous plants including ferns, moss, lichens, sedges, and grasses (< 6 ft in height)
Live: Still attached
Dead: Still attached or dislodged, but not down and decaying
Slash/Residue Piles
Every slash pile, whose center coincides with a subplot, is assigned to a shape category, dimensions measured,
and density estimated
Subplot CCPile AZ
Shape LNG1 LNG2 WID1 WID2 HT1 HT2Pile Den.
1 1 28 1 10 12 4 3 4 2 20
Slash/Residue Tally Rules
• Tally CWD piles where efficiency of sampling is improved using pile protocol instead of transects
• Pile’s center must be in accessible forest land
• Pile’s center must be < 24 ft h.d. from subplot center
• Pile must contain pieces of CWD >= 3” diameter
• Estimate % of pile that contains CWD >= 3” (packing ratio)
Pile Shape Codes
Pile Density Estimation
=Stacked cord approaches 80% density
= =01% 20%
End of Part 2 of 3
http://www.ncrs.fs.fed.us/4801/national-programs/indicators/dwm/