Few scholars openly challenged the accepted theories of the past GEOCENTRIC THEORY –Earth - center...
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Transcript of Few scholars openly challenged the accepted theories of the past GEOCENTRIC THEORY –Earth - center...
• Few scholars openly challenged the accepted theories of the past
• GEOCENTRIC THEORY–Earth - center of the universe, everything
else moved around the Earth. –Supported by Aristotle
and Ptolemy (Greek)
Before the Scientific Revolution…
The ScientificRevolution
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
• Late Middle Ages (Mid-1500s), new ideas challenged old
• …called the scientific revolution!
• Brought forth by exploration and learning done during the Renaissance (1500-1700)
COPERNICUS• Circa 1500 in Prussia • Astronomy: the study of stars, planets, and
other heavenly bodies• HELIOCENTRIC
THEORY: – sun is the center of the
universe & fixed– gravity: center of
earth & lunar sphere– “movement” of stars
is actually earth rotating
TYCHO BRAHE• Denmark, late 1500s• Differed with
Copernicus • Sun & moon revolved
around Earth• Made important
observations & recorded data
JOHANNES KEPLER• Germany, early 1600s• Follower of Heliocentric
Theory• planets move in
elliptical orbits (not circles)
• Laws of planetary motion
• Solar System
GALILEO GALILEI• Italy, early 1600s• Astronomer, physicist,
mathematician & philosopher
• The Experimental Method: “father of modern science”
• Supported Copernicus • Used improved telescope to
observe the location and relationship of heavenly bodies
• Studied time using pendulums– Weights hung to swing freely
• Gravity experiments– Elaborated on work of Aristotle– Determined that all objects fall at
the same rate
THE CHURCH INTERFERES• The church felt its authority threaten by new
discoveries in science• Were especially against Heliocentric Theory
– God’s Earth was at the center of the universe• Galileo was brought to trial in 1633
– Roman Inquisition found him “vehemently suspect of heresy”
– Galileo was forced to recant, held under house arrest until he died in 1642
• 1771: Ban on printing his works lifted• 1992: the year the Catholic Church finally
acknowledged that Galileo was correct!
Thanks… I guess.
SCIENTIFIC METHOD• people began to base science on observation
and experimentation • …not ancient authorities and the church• Logical procedure for gathering information
and testing ideas
1. Derive a question based on observation
2. Formulate a hypothesis
3. Test hypothesis
4. Analyze and interpret data into a conclusion
FRANCIS BACON
• England, early 1600s• Argued for empirical
experimental methods– Practical & useful…
and profitable• Championed & made
popular scientific innovation
RENE DESCARTES
• France, early 1600s• Influential, original thinker• Mathematics, philosophy• Doubt everything• Start with evidence, use
deductive reasoning to create scientific laws
ISAAC NEWTON• England, late 1600s• United experimentation and
theoretical math• Created mathematical laws
that explain motion & mechanics
• Famous gravity experiments
WOMEN IN SCIENCE?• Learning institutions &
societies of the era excluded women.
• Some noblewomen and artisans engaged via male family members
• Male scientists suggested that female minds were inferior to men’s
IMPACT
• New advancements in science brought new ideas in other areas…
• If the government & church was wrong about old science, it could be wrong about other areas of life as well
• People begin to think differently about their religious institutions and governments