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Q.1 Explain controlling and also discuss different types of control [10]Answer:controlling involves monitoring the employee s behavior and organizationalprocesses and take necessary actions to improve them, if needed. Control is theprocess through which standards for performance of people and processes are set,communicated, and applied. Effective control systems use mechanisms to monitor activities

and take corrective action, if necessary.There are four steps in the control process. They are as follows:Step 1.Establish Performance Standards. Standards are created when objectives areset during the planning process. A standard is any guideline established as the basisfor measurement. It is a precise, explicit statement of expected results from aproduct,service, machine, individual, or organizational unit. It is usually expressed numericallyand is set for quality, quantity, and time. Tolerance is permissible deviation from thestandard.Step 2.Measure Actual Performance. Supervisors collect data to measure actualperformance to determine variation from standard. Written data might include timecards, production tallies, inspection reports, and sales tickets.Personal observation, statistical reports, oral reports and written reports can be used tomeasure perfor

mance. Management by walking around, or observation of employeesworking, provides unfiltered information, extensive coverage, and the ability to readbetween thelines. While providing insight, this method might be misinterpreted byemployeesas mistrust. Oral reports allow for fast and extensive feedback. Computersgive

supervisors direct access to real time, unaltered data, and information. On linesystems enable supervisors to identify problems as they occur.Database programsallow supervisors to query, spend less time gathering facts, and beless dependent on other people.Step 3.Compare Measured Performance Against Established Standards. Comparingresults with standards determines variation. Some variation can be expected in allactivities and the range of variation - the acceptable variance - has to be established.Management by exception lets operations continue as long as they fall within theprescribed control limits. Deviations or differences that exceed this range would alert thesupervisor to a problem.Step 4.Take Corrective Action. The supervisor must find the cause of deviation fromstandard. Then, he or she takes action to remove or minimize the cause. If the source of variation in work performance is from a deficit in activity, then a supervisor can takeimmediate corrective action and get performance back on track.Types of Control :Controls are most effective when they are applied at key places. Supervisors canimplement controls before the process begins (feed forward), during the process(concurrent), or after it ceases (feedback).Feed forward controls

focus on operations before they begin. Their goal is to preventanticipated problems. An example of feed forward control is scheduled maintenance onautomobiles and machinery.Concurrent controlsapply to processes as they are happening. Concurrent controlsenacted while workis being performed include any type of steering or guidingmechanism such as direct supervision, automated systems (such as computersprogrammed to inform the user when they have issued the wrong command), andorganizational quality programs.Feedback controlsfocus on the results of operations. They guide future planning,inputs, and process designs. Examples of feedback controls include timely (weekly,monthly, quarterly, annual) reports so that almost instantaneous adjustments can bemade.

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Q.2Veer Prabhakar is the Vice President of web bazaar, online portal for shopping of various products. He has team of 100 people at different levels and departments. He isfacing certain challenges.Challenge 1To maintain motivation levels of sales associated who are doing good salesChallenge 2How to deal with the supply chain associates who are not following up properly for order delivery. (Currently, they are getting Cell Phone allowance for consistence follow-upafter office hours)Challenge 3To deal with the people who keep taking leaves without prior information. Suggestsuitable methods to shape employee behavior.[10]Answer:All the three challenge can be solved by analysis of individual level accordingto view of OB.Organizational Behavior emphasizes on intellectual capital as represented by the sumtotal of knowledge, expertise, and dedication of an organization s workforce. Itrecognizes that even in the age of high technology, people are the indispensable humanresources whose knowledge and performance advance the orga

nization s purpose,mission, and strategies. Only through human efforts can the great advantages berealized from othermaterial resourcesof organizations, such as, technology,information, raw materials, and money.Mr Prabhakarneeds to do Individual level of analysis. This level of analysis at

========Q.3 Write a detailed note on Myers-Briggs type indicator [10]Answer:The Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a widely used and highly regarded systemfor understanding and interpreting personality, and derives most of its underpinningtheory from Carl Jung's Psychological Types ideas and to a lesser extent the Four Temperaments (or Four Humours).Myers Briggs (in fact Isabel Briggs Myers

working with her mother Katharine Briggs)essentially developed Carl Jung's theories into a usable methodology and system for understanding and assessing personality (more easily and accessibly than by becomingan expert on Jung and his theories).The owners of the system, the Myers Briggs Foundation, explain that the purpose of

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Q.4 Explain the factors influencing perception [10]Answer:Factors Influencing PerceptionPerception is our sensory experience of the world around us and involves both therecognition of environmental stimuli and actions in response to these stimuli.Throughthe perceptual process, we gain information about properties and elements

of theenvironment that are critical to our survival. Perception not only creates our experienceof the world around us; it allows us to act within our environment.A number of factors operate to shape and sometimes distort perception. Thesefactorscan reside:i) In the perceiver.ii) In the object or target being perceived or iii) In the context of the situation in which the perception is made.1.Characteristics of the Perceiver:Several characteristics of the perceiver can affec

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Q.5 Describe the leadership Grid with the help of the diagram [10]Answer:Leadership Grid an approach to understanding a leader s concern for results(produc

tion) and concern for people