Feudalism (900-1500s) Punishable Offenses Threat to church or belief embodied in RC Bible Free will...
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Feudalism
(900-
1500s)
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1200s: church & secular 1200s: church & secular struggle for powerstruggle for power
Expansion of townshipsExpansion of townshipsMore attractive lifestyleMore attractive lifestyleBurghers : Live in citiesBurghers : Live in citiesmerchants, traders, merchants, traders, beggars...beggars...
Material wealthMaterial wealth
1200s: church & secular 1200s: church & secular struggle for powerstruggle for power
Expansion of townshipsExpansion of townshipsMore attractive lifestyleMore attractive lifestyleBurghers : Live in citiesBurghers : Live in citiesmerchants, traders, merchants, traders, beggars...beggars...
Material wealthMaterial wealth
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Punishable OffensesPunishable OffensesThreat to church or belief embodied in RC Bible
Free will to be ‘good’●Autonomy●Responsibility
Threat to lord or kingnon payment of rents
Sin = Deviance
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The Middle Ages &
The Inquisitions
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● 420: Impossibility of 420: Impossibility of weather-weather-magicmagic
● 1200- Pope Innocent III – 1200- Pope Innocent III – threatened by Catharismthreatened by Catharism
– Challenged how one could Challenged how one could communicate with God.communicate with God.
● 1273: Dominican Monks fuel 1273: Dominican Monks fuel fires...fires...
● 1480s1480s: witchcraft defined by Pope : witchcraft defined by Pope Innocent VIII as the Innocent VIII as the biggest threat biggest threat to Christianityto Christianity
● 1480s to 1750s Legally sanctioned 1480s to 1750s Legally sanctioned Inquisitions: A papal judicial Inquisitions: A papal judicial institution that inquired into heresyinstitution that inquired into heresy
● 420: Impossibility of 420: Impossibility of weather-weather-magicmagic
● 1200- Pope Innocent III – 1200- Pope Innocent III – threatened by Catharismthreatened by Catharism
– Challenged how one could Challenged how one could communicate with God.communicate with God.
● 1273: Dominican Monks fuel 1273: Dominican Monks fuel fires...fires...
● 1480s1480s: witchcraft defined by Pope : witchcraft defined by Pope Innocent VIII as the Innocent VIII as the biggest threat biggest threat to Christianityto Christianity
● 1480s to 1750s Legally sanctioned 1480s to 1750s Legally sanctioned Inquisitions: A papal judicial Inquisitions: A papal judicial institution that inquired into heresyinstitution that inquired into heresy
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Malleus Maleficarum, 1486Malleus Maleficarum, 1486
““Witch Hammer”Witch Hammer”
Kramer & Sprenger Kramer & Sprenger GermanyGermany
Means of discoveryMeans of discovery Guidelines for trial and Guidelines for trial and
executionexecution
Trials – crop failures (p. 18)Trials – crop failures (p. 18)
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Systemic Punishment:Systemic Punishment:Witch TrialsWitch Trials
Community CentredCommunity CentredGoal of Punishment: penanceGoal of Punishment: penanceChildren under 7?Children under 7?Guilt tied to punishmentGuilt tied to punishmentTortureTortureNo witnesses for accusedNo witnesses for accusedConfession = last ritesConfession = last ritesEffort to appear just and fairEffort to appear just and fair
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Goals of Justice & Types of PunishmentGoals of Justice & Types of Punishment
Culture is the context in which Culture is the context in which collective action takes place collective action takes place (p. 19)(p. 19)
Rituals of a Thousand DeathsRituals of a Thousand Deaths
Purifying Pain or Edifying ShamePurifying Pain or Edifying Shame
Making things ‘right’ again with God Making things ‘right’ again with God (lex talionis)(lex talionis)
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“...the recent violence is fueled not by the nation's widespread belief in black magic but instead by economic jealousy born of a mining boom that has widened the country's economic divide and pitted the haves against the have-nots.”