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![Page 1: Fetal Development Month by Month On the table, answer the true or false worksheet, Write BEFORE on the side you answer.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103123/56649d305503460f94a082b8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Fetal DevelopmentMonth by Month
On the table, answer the true or false worksheet, Write BEFORE on the
side you answer.
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Prenatal Development • Prenatal development – the process by which a
baby grows inside the mother– Begins @ conception and ends at birth
• 9 months 280 days/40 weeks
• Support system also forms
• One structure is the protective sac that surrounds and encloses the developing baby. The sac is filled with amniotic fluid which cushions the baby from outside pressures.
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Prenatal Development • Placenta – the tissue, shaped somewhat like a
pancake, is attached to the uterine wall and contains a rich network of blood vessels.– Acts as a filter between the mother’s and baby’s bodies
• Baby is connected to placenta by the umbilical cord.
• Pregnancy – blood will flow from the mother’s body through the placenta and umbilical cord, carrying nutrients & oxygen to the baby
• Wastes from the baby – same process into mom’s bloodstream for processing & disposal.
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First Month• Week 1: The first day of last
menstrual period
• Week 2: Lining of uterus is thickening
• Week 3: Congratulations!! Baby is conceived
– Within hours after sperm meets eggs, the fertilized cell (zygote) divides and then continues to divide. Within days, baby is a microscopic ball of cells.
– Zygote stage – last about 2 weeks
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First Month• Week 4: Implantation
Time!!• Ball of cells – great
divide – Baby & placenta (baby’s life line)
• Baby is about the size of a pin head. The heart, which is no larger than a poppy seed, has begun beating.
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First Month (Mommy)
•Fewer than 30% - implantation bleeding•Breast changes•Bloating•Fatigue•Frequent urination•Nausea•Increase sensitivity to smell •Mood swings •Drooling
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On a sheet of paper
• Mini poster of the first month of pregnancy
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First Month
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Two Months
• Week 5: baby – growing fast– Size – orange seed– Heart taking shape
• Week 6: – Crown (head) to rump
(bottom) measurements– Jaws, cheeks & chin –
beginning to develop– 80 beats per minute
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Two Months• Week 7:
– 10,000 times bigger than at conception– Size blueberry– Brain – 250,000 cells per minute
generated – Mouth, tongue forming – Arm, legs buds – begging to sprout
segment
• Week 8: – Baby (embryo) is about 1/2 inch long
(size of a grape) and has distinct, slightly webbed fingers. Face, eyes, ears, and limb have developed. Veins are clearly visible. The heart has divided into right and left chambers.
– Looks more human– Spontaneous movements – you cannot
feel
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Two Months (Mommy)
• Fatigue, urination, nausea (with/out vomiting), breast changes (darkening of the areolas)
• Darkening of areolas • Excess saliva• Constipation• Heartburn• Food aversions & cravings• Slight whitish discharge• Occasional faintness/dizziness• Emotional ups & downs
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Two Months (Mommy)
• Progesterone & relaxin – tend to relax muscle tissue
• Spidery purplish vines – extra blood flow, pregnancy hormone flow, genetics
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Two Months
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Prenatal Stages
• Zygote– After sperm & ovum unites– Lasts about two weeks
• Embryo– Last about the time of implantation (week 4) until
week 8– Muscle, bone, organs & other body parts of the body
form– Almost all internal organs begin to form
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Beginning at the 3rd month/Week 9
• Fetus – Growth – process of growth and maturation– Last about 7 months
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Three Months• Week 9:
– At the beginning baby (fetus) is about 1 inch long by the end, 3 inches!!! Weighing in at 1 ounce
– Bones forming, elbows can now bend – Muscles & tissues start to develop– Covered by very thin skin (see through)
• Week 10:– 1 ½ in” long – Bones forming, elbows can now
bend – Buds of baby teeth are forming
under gums – Eye lids begin to close to protect
developing eyes
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Three Months• Week 11/12 :
– Just over 2 in @, 2 ½ @ 12”– 1/3 oz @ 11, ½ oz @ 12– Body – straightening out– Fingers & toes nails forming
– Gender is evident (though cannot tell with ultrasound)
– More Human characteristics – Most systems formed,
though immature
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Three Months• Week 13:
– 3 in” – Size – peach– Head – about half the size of
baby
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Three Months (Mommy)
•Same as month two plus:– Increased appetite (if morning
sickness is easing)– Visible veins on abdomen, legs,
& else where as blood supply pumps up
– Rounding of belly, clothes feeling a little snugger
– Headaches – (thanks to hormonal changes)
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Questions????
• Why the constipation??
• Which baby weighs more at birth: boys or girls?? Why?
• Does a baby’s heart rate give you a clue if baby is a he or she???
• What is a miscarriage?
• Why does the chance for miscarriage decrease considerably after the first trimester?
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Answers• Constipation – high levels of progesterone – relaxes
muscles (advantage – added time for nutrients to be absorbed into bloodstream) – Fiber, exercise
• Research – shows that moms carrying boys tend to eat more than moms expecting girls. (food for thought)
• Old wives tell – a heart rate above 140 – girl, below 140 – boy
• Spontaneous loss of the pregnancy after less than 20 weeks of fetal development
• Since your baby's most critical development has taken place, your chance of miscarriage drops considerably after three months into the pregnancy.
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Miscarriage
• A spontaneous loss of the pregnancy after less than 20 weeks of fetal development.
• It is not uncommon • According to research 15-20% known
pregnancies end in miscarriage
• Many end before woman knows she is even pregnant
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Miscarriages
• Myths – physical activity, minor falls and stress are not believed to cause the loss of a pregnancy
• Early in pregnancy – usually genetic abnormality
• Couples should not blame self
• Many are able to have successful pregnancy later
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Miscarriages
• Identified Risk Factors– Age (woman – over age 35)– Previous miscarriage– Family history of miscarriage– Certain diseases or infections– Exposure to hazards during pregnancy (alcohol,
drugs, smoking, heavy caffeine use or certain chemicals)
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Stillbirth
• If the fetus dies after the 20th week.
• Occurs approximately one out of 200 pregnancies
• Death can occur during labor or delivery, but more often occurs before labor
• Causes vary & sometimes no cause can be found
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Bell Work
• What is an ectopic pregnancy?
• What are birth defects?
• What are some causes of birth defects?
• Can birth defects be prevented?
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Ectopic Pregnancy
• Sometimes a fertilized egg never reaches the uterus, it plants outside the uterus (usually in the fallopian tube)
• The embryo cannot survive without the nourishment and protection of the uterus
• When the embryo grows, it may eventually burst the fallopian tube – life threatening - bleeding - mommy to be
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Birth Defects
• An abnormality that is present at or before birth and results in mental or physical disability
• My be genetic factors, environmental factors or a combination
• Often the cause in unknown
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Birth Defects – Genetic Causes
• Errors in genes or chromosomes – Missing, damaged or duplicated
• (Down Syndrome is caused by an extra chromosome 21)
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Birth Defects – Environmental Causes
• What a pregnant woman eats, drinks, breathes in and exposed to – has the potential to either help or harm developing baby– Poor nutrition during pregnancy – Tobacco, alcohol, drugs– Exposure to X-rays– Certain illness (chicken pox, rubella)– Certain prescriptions & over the counter meds– STDs
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Prevention and Treatment
• Good health can help prevent birth defects– Proper medical care, take steps to avoid hazards– Medical advances
• Correct defect before baby is born – Surgery or other means
• Not curable - early diagnosis & intervention – can help child reach full potential
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Working Time Line
• You are to create a time line for the 1st trimester of pregnancy.
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2nd Trimester 14 Weeks – 27 Weeks
• Babies will start growing at different paces
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Four Months
• Baby is covered with a layer of thick, downy hair called lanugo. His heartbeat can be heard clearly. This is when you may feel your baby's first kick. Size about 3 inches long.
• Facial feature becomes clearer
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Four Months
• Baby becomes sensitive to touch
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Four Months (Mommy)• Previous, plus:
– Nasal congestion & occasional nosebleeds; ear stuffiness
– Sensitive gums (may bleed when you brush
– Mild swelling of ankles & feet (hands & feet)
– Varicose veins of legs and/or hemorrhoids
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4 months
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Five Months
• A protective coating
called vernix caseosa begins to form on baby's skin
• End of the month – baby weighs one pound and is nearly 8 inches long
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Five Months
• Hair, eyelashes &
eyebrows appear• Teeth continue to
develop• Organs are maturing • Hands able to grip• Baby more active
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Five Months
Previous Plus:– More energy!– Fetal movements @
end– Achiness in lower
abdomen & along sides (stretching of ligaments supporting the uterus)
– Backache– Leg cramps– Skin color changes– A protruding naval
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Six Months• Eyebrows and eyelids
are visible. The baby's lungs are filled with amniotic fluid, and he/she has started breathing motions. If the mother talks or sings, the baby can hear.
• Grows to about two pounds
• Fat deposits begin to appear beneath wrinkly skin
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Six Months (Mommy)
• Previous, plus:– More definite fetal
activity
– Itchy abdomen
– Stretch marks
– Enlarged breast
– Continued absentmindedness
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6 Months
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3rd Trimester
• 28-40 Weeks
• Getting enough Omega-3 is more important than ever in the 3rd trimester when your baby’s brain development is being fast tracked.
• Time to think about signing up for child birth classes.
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Seven Months
• At the beginning of the seventh month, the baby weighs about 2 ½ pounds and is about 14-16 inches long.
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Seven Months
• His body is well-formed. Fingernails cover his fingertips
• Nervous, circulatory & other systems mature
• Periods of fetal activities are followed by periods of rest & quiet.
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Seven Months (Mommy)
• Previous, plus:– Stretch Marks– Shortness of breath– Difficulty sleeping– Scattered Braxton Hicks – Clumsiness– Colostrum, leaking from
nipples – Strange and vivid
dreams
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Eight Months
• Baby is gaining about half a pound per week, and layers of fat are piling on. He/she has probably turned head-down in preparation for birth.
• End of the month, baby weighs in at 5 ½ pounds
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Eight Months (Mommy)
• Previous, plus:– Strong, regular fetal
activity– Increasing vaginal
discharge – Increasing Braxton Hicks
Contractions
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Nine Months
• Baby is a hefty 6-9 pounds at the end of the month and measures between 19 and 20 inches.
• Fetal movement decreases with less room to move
• Increase fat under the skin makes baby looks less wrinkled
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Nine Months
• Baby gains disease-fighting antibodies from the mommy’s blood
• Baby descends lower into the pelvis, ready for birth (breath easier)
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Nine Months (Mommy)
• Previous, plus:– Changes in fetal activity
(more squirming, less kicking)
– Vaginal discharge becomes heavier & contains more mucus
– Extra fatigue or extra energy (nesting syndrome)
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Nine Months
• Fewer than 5% of babies are actually born on their due date
• 50% are late (born after due date)