Fern reproduction
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Transcript of Fern reproduction
Ferns are seedless, vascular plants. Two types of vascular tissue
1. Xylem is responsible for moving water and nutrients throughout the plant.2. Phloem is responsible for moving glucose throughout the plant.
Ferns reproduce by an alternation of generations.
They have stems and leaves, like other vascular plants.
Most ferns have what are called fiddleheads that expand into fronds, which are each delicately divided.
Ferns are typically found in moist, forested areas.
The leaves of ferns are called fronds and when they are young they are tightly coiled into a tight spiral.
Ferns can be categorized based on their growth form such as tufted, creeping, climbing, perching and tree ferns.
Gametophyte (Prothallus)
It is the haploid, multicellular phase of plants and algae that undergoalternation of generations, with each of its cells containing only a single set of chromosomes.
Sporophyte
It is the diploid form of plants that have alternation of generations. It develops from a zygote and produces asexual spores.
ArchegoniumIt is a multicellular structure or organ of the gametophyte phase of certain plants, producing and containing the ovum or female gamete.
ground
3) From the haploid spores, gametophyte grows in the soil
Let’s zoom in
Fern gametophytes are called a prothallus
4) Sperm swim through water from the male parts (antheridium) to the female parts (archegonia)…zygote created
Let’s zoom back out
eggegg
egg
zygote
zygote
zygote
ground
5) Diploid sporophyte grows from the zygote
sporophyte
Fern gametophytes are called a prothallus
6) Fiddle head uncurls….fronds open up
ground
7) Cycle repeats -- Haploid spores created and released
..
..
fiddleheadfrond
ground
3) From the haploid spores, gametophyte (called the prothallus) grows in the soil
Let’s zoom in
4) Sperm swim through water from the male antheridium to the female archegonia
Let’s zoom back out
eggegg
egg
zygote
zygote
zygote
Did You Know?Ferns are very ancient
group of plants. They are supposed to be older than land animals and even dinosaurs. They were actually growing on Earth for 2 hundred million years.
Summary- Ferns are seedless, vascular plants. - They have stems and leaves, like other vascular plants. - Most ferns have what are called fiddleheads that expand into fronds, which are each delicately divided.- Ferns are typically found in moist, forested areas.- The leaves of ferns are called fronds and when they are young they are tightly coiled into a tight spiral. Ferns Reproduction1. Most ferns are homosporous , meaning that they produce a single type of spore.2. The ferns spore develops into a small, heart – shaped gametophyte that sustain itself by photosynthesis.
3. Each gametophyte has both male and female sex organs but the archegonia and antheridia usually mature at different times , ensuring cross – fertilization between gametophytes4. Fern sperm like those of all seedless vascular plants use flagella to swim through moisture from antheridia to eggs in the archegonia and then fertilize the eggs.5. A fertilized egg develops into a new sporophyte , and the young plant grows out from an archegonium of its parent, the gametophyte6. The spots on the underside of reproductive leaves (sporophylls) are called sori7. Sporangia release spores, which give rise to gametophytes.
References:
http://w2science.swiiit.com/cos/o.x?c=/wbn/pagetree&func=view&rid=55914
http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_389_2005-01-28.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platycerium_coronarium
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernhttp://www.slideshare.net/alyssadenise/life-cycle-of-fern
https://smartsite.ucdavis.edu/access/content/user/00002950/bis10v/media/ch15/fern_life_cycle_v2.html
Infoplease.com http://www.infoplease.com/dk/science/encyclopedia/seedless-plants.html#ixzz39Lb7WxTa
http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/fern-reproduction.html#ixzz39LYtHu00