1. Laura Mulvey, John Berger, Carol JClover and Steve Neale & Bracha LEttinger. 2. Laura Mulvey Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema Audience put into position of heterosexualmale, focusing on curves of a womans body(use slow motion, deliberate camera movesand cut aways etc) Female reduces to an object in relation tomale to make him feel or act in a certainway Leads to hegemonic ideologies women canbegin to objectify other women. (Paul Messaris suggests that female modelsare targeted at women but suggest a male 3. Laura Mulvey Woman an erotic object for either characters orspectators Male tend to be active role Female passive role to encourage male Women only stereotypes (bimbo, easy, mother etc) Socophilia (love of watching) we watch passivelythose who dont know that they are being watched Patriachy a passive audience will be influenced bythis society and perpetuate it 4. Steve Neale & Bracha L Ettinger The gay male gaze men shown as submissive/ non threatening but also suggestive of sexuality. Also men as objects because of The female gaze men become sexual objectsof muscle and a means to sex (Coca Cola advert,Magic Mike etc.) Leading to higher expectations from men as wellas women. 5. John Berger Men look, women appear Women are solely for objectification Women watch themselves being looked at They know that they are being watch so theysubconsciously act in a certain way. women were depicted in a different way to men because the ideal spectator is always assumedto be male and the images of the woman isdesigned to flatter him. 6. Carol J Clover In Slasher movies the killer typically stoppedby the final girl. Final Girl tends to be pure, innocent, abstainsfrom sex and is typically less attractive thanthe other female characters. For women in movies: SEX=DEATH