Female Reproductive System - Ms. Kim€¦ · Female Hormones •Estrogen–steroid hormone...

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Female Reproductive System Lesson 10

Transcript of Female Reproductive System - Ms. Kim€¦ · Female Hormones •Estrogen–steroid hormone...

Page 1: Female Reproductive System - Ms. Kim€¦ · Female Hormones •Estrogen–steroid hormone •Maintenance of female reproductive system •Development of secondary sex characteristics

FemaleReproductiveSystem

Lesson10

Page 2: Female Reproductive System - Ms. Kim€¦ · Female Hormones •Estrogen–steroid hormone •Maintenance of female reproductive system •Development of secondary sex characteristics

LearningGoals

1. Whatarethefivehormonesinvolvedinthefemalereproductivesystem?

2. Understandthefour phasesofthemenstrualcycle.

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HumanReproductiveSystem

Page 4: Female Reproductive System - Ms. Kim€¦ · Female Hormones •Estrogen–steroid hormone •Maintenance of female reproductive system •Development of secondary sex characteristics

FemaleReproductiveSystem

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FemaleAnatomy

• Ovaries– producehormonesestrogenandprogesterone• Siteofeggdevelopmentandovulation

• Fallopiantubes(oviducts)– carryovumfromovarytouterus

• Uterus–organwherefetusdevelops

• Cervix– separatesvaginafromuterus

• Vagina– providesapassageforspermandmenstrualflow

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OogenesisandOvulation• Oogenesis – productionofanegg

• Ovariescontainsmallgroupsofcellscalledfollicles• Folliclescontaintheeggandsecreteestrogen

• Duringovulation,theoocyteisreleased• Folliclecellsturnintothecorpusluteum

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FemaleHormones

• Estrogen – steroidhormone• Maintenanceoffemalereproductivesystem• Developmentofsecondarysexcharacteristics(e.g.breastdevelopment,thegrowthofbodyhair,thewideningofthepelvis,andthedevelopmentofthesexdrive)

• Progesterone – steroidhormone• ControlledbyLHandFSH• Preparesuterusforimplantationoffertilizedegg

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MenstrualCycle

• Preparationforpregnancy

1. Flowphase– day1-5

2. Follicularphase- day6-13

3. Ovulatoryphase- day14

4. Lutealphase- day15-28

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FlowPhase(1-5)• Sheddingoftheendometriumliningmarkstheflowphase• Tissuethatlinestheuterinewall• Richwithbloodvessels

• LHandFSHreleasedbytheanteriorpituitary• Stimulatedbythehypothalamus(GnRH)• FSHstimulatestheeggtodevelop• Formsafollicle

• Endometriumliningbeginstogrowagainasthemenstrualflowceases

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Follicularphase(6-13)

• FSH andLH causedevelopmentoffollicleswithinovary

• Estrogenissecreted• Estrogenhasanegativefeedbackeffectontheanteriorpituitary• InhibitsthesecretionofFSH

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Ovulatoryphase(14)

• HypothalamusandpituitaryglandreleasesaburstofLHtotriggerovulation(LHsurge)

• Eggburstsfromovary• Follicleà corpusluteum

• Afterovulation,estrogenlevelsdeclineandprogesteronelevelsrise• ManyPMS(premenstrualsyndrome)symptomscan

ariseduetoahigherthannormalestrogentoprogesteroneratio

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LutealPhase(15-28)

• Developmentofcorpusluteummarksthelutealphase• Corpusluteumproducesestrogenandprogesterone

• Progesterone– stimulatesendometriumandpreparesuterusforfertilizedegg• Inhibitsovulationanduterinecontractions

• Corpusluteumdegeneratesiffertilizationdoesnotoccur(duetolowlevelsofLH)• Estrogenandprogesteronedecrease• Causeweakcontractionsà endometriumpullsawayfromtheuterus(beginflowphase)

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Pregnancy

• Iffertilizationoccurs,theeggwillimplantandembryowillbegintoreleasehCG (humanchorionicgonadotropin)

• hCGkeepscorpusluteumfrombreakingdown

• Corpusluteumpreventsmenstruationfromoccurringandkeepsestrogenandprogesteroneathighlevelstomaintainuterineliningandpreventmenstruation

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HormonalControl

• Hypothalamus secretesGnRH–signalspuberty

• GnRHcausesanteriorpituitary toreleaseFSHandLH

• FSHcausesfollicle togrow

• LHcausesovulation andmaintenanceofcorpusluteum

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•Negativefeedback• Highlevelsofestrogeninhibits releaseofFSH

•Positivefeedback• Highlevelsofestrogenstimulates releaseofLH

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Homework

•CaseStudy:ChemicalEric

•HandoutQuestions