Female Reproductive SystemFEMALE

Primary Sex Organs for two sexes

• Gonads

– Ovaries in female

– Testes in male

• Gametes

•Ovum or eggs in female

•Sperms in male

Chromosomes

Chromosomes

• Autosomes• 46 Chromosomes, 23 Pairs in somatic cells

– Diploid (2N)

• Sex chromosomes• 23 chromosomes in gametes

• Haploid (1N)

• Female: XX chromosomes

• Male: XY chromosomes

More terminology

• Fertilization

• Zygote

• Cell division

– Mitosis

– Meiosis

Function of Female Reproductive System

A. Production of eggs

B. Site of fertilization and fetal development

C. Fetal nourishment, birth and lactation

D. Secretion of hormones (estrogen and progesterone)

Secondary/Accessory Organs

• Female

– Uterine Tubes

– Uterus

– Vagina

– External genitalia

28-6

Figure 28.1

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Uterine tube

Urinary bladder

Ovary

Uterus

Rectum

Pubic symphysis

Fimbriae

Anterior fornix

Cervix of uterus

Anus

Posterior fornix

Prepuce

Labium minus

Labium majus

Mons pubis

Urethra

Peritoneum

Clitoris

Round ligamentVesicouterine

pouchRectouterine

pouch

Vaginal rugae

Vaginal orifice

Figure 28.8a

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Vaginal orifice

Clitoris

Mons pubis

Hymen

Labium majus

Labium minus

(a)

Urethral

orifice

Female external genitalia

Ovarian arteryOvarian vein

Ovary

Mesometrium

Fimbriae

Endometrium

Myometrium

Cervix

Uterine

tube

Suspensory

ligament

Ovarian

ligament

Vagina

Female Reproductive organs

Inside the ovary:

Oocyte Suspensory ligament

and blood vessels

Mature

follicle

Secondary

follicle

Primary

follicles

Primordial

follicles

Ovarian

ligament

Corpus

albicans

Corpus

luteum

Fimbriae

of uterine

tube

Ovulated

oocyte

Ovarian Follicles

Uterine (Fallopian) tubes

Ovary

BodyFundusIsthmusAmpullaInfundibulum

Fimbriae

EndometriumInternal os

Myometrium

Lateral fornix

Cervix

Cervical canal

External os

Uterine

tube

Vagina

The Uterus

fundus

BodyUterine cavityInternal osCervix

External osvagina

Uterine wall:

Mammary glands

Suspensory

ligament

Lobules

Lobe

Adipose tissue

Nipple

Lactiferous sinus

Lactiferous duct

RibIntercostal musclesPectoralis minorPectoralis majorFascia

Lactating breast

Adipose tissue

Suspensory

ligaments

Lobe

Lobules

Areolar glands

Areola

Nipple

Lactiferous sinus

Lactiferous ducts

Development of germ cell

A. Oogonia (2n)

B. Primary oocyte (2n)

C. Secondary oocyte (n)

Primaryoocyte

Secondary oocyte

SecondaryFollicle

MatureFollicle ovulation

expelled

contains

contains

Primary

follicle

Endoscopic View of Ovulation

© Landrum B. Shettles, MD

Fimbriae

Oocyte

Stigma

Ovary

0.1 mm

Cumulus

oophorus

Infundibulum of

uterine tube

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If sperms are present in the fallopian tube:

Sperm (n) + S. oocyte (n)

Fertilization

Zygote (2n)

Female reproductive cycles:

1. Ovarian cycle

2. Uterine/Menstrual cycle

Ovarian cycle:

• Associated with maturation of egg every month.

• Ovulation

• FSH and LH and estrogen regulates it.

• Three main events:

– Follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase

Menstrual Cycle

28-21

Figure 28.14b

Days 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 1

(b) Menstrual cycle

Menstrual phase Proliferative phase Secretory phase

Th

ickn

ess o

f en

do

metr

ium

Ov

ari

an

ho

rmo

ne s

ecre

tio

n

Estradiol

Premenstrual

phase

Progesterone

Menstrual

fluid

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Secretion

Myometrium(a) Proliferative phase (b) Secretory phase (c) Menstrual phase

Endometrial

gland

Stratum

functionalis

Stratum

basalis

Menstrual Cycle

Fig. 28.14

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Days 1 3 5 7 9 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 1

Days 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 1

(b) Menstrual cycle

(a) Ovarian cycle

LH

Developing follicles

PrimarySecondary

Ovulation

Luteal phaseFollicular phase

Corpus luteum Involution

Menstrual phase Proliferative phase Secretory phase

Th

ickn

ess o

f en

do

metr

ium

Ov

ari

an

ho

rmo

ne s

ecre

tio

nO

vari

an

ev

en

tsG

on

ad

otr

op

in s

ecre

tio

n

Estradiol

Progesterone

FSH

New primordial

follicles

Corpus

albicans

Tertiary

11

Premenstrual

phase

Menstrual

fluid