Female Reproductive Anatomy Fallopian tube. Ovum Internal Genitals.
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Transcript of Female Reproductive Anatomy Fallopian tube. Ovum Internal Genitals.
Female Reproductive Anatomy
Fallopian tube
Fallopian tube
Ovum
Internal Genitals
Internal GenitalsDucts or duct structures that extend from ovaries to exterior
• Essential Organs• ______________________ (2) – female gonads; house ovum (eggs)
• Accessory Organs• _________________ tubes – serve as transport channels for ova and as site of fertilization
• Salpingitis – inflammation of fallopian tubes• _______________
• composed of cervix and the body• located between rectum and bladder• position is altered by age, pregnancy• decreases in size at menopause• Three layers
• Peritoneum – thin layer surrounding uterus• ________________-– middle, main muscle layer of uterus• ________________-– internal tissue layer where embryo attaches, or what
sloughs off during menstruation• endometriosis – endometrium grows outside of the uterus
• _______________________• lining lubricates and stimulates penis; receptacle for semen• transports tissue and blood shed during menstruation• Hymen – mucous membrane bordering vagina in young girls
External Genitals
External Genitals• Vulva
– Mons pubis
» superior portion of genital area closest to abdomen
– Labia (majora and minora)
» protect ________________
– Clitoris
» _______________ tissue homologous to male corpus ________________________
» Sensory receptors
• Sex Glands
– Greater Vestibular glands
» Homologous to male _____________________glands
– Lesser Vestibular glands
» Mucous glands
– Mammary glands
» Milk secretion to nourish newborn
» 15-20 lactiferous ducts in each breast• Perineum
– skin-covered region between vaginal orifice and rectum; may be torn during childbirth– ______________________: when perineum is cut during labor
Breasts
Breasts
• Mammary glands – composed of alveloar sacs that produce milk
• ____________________ duct – transports milk to the nipple and out the breast
• Nipple – pore for milk secretion• Areola – pigmented area surrounding nipple that contain
________________ glands to dryness while nursing– Change color from pink to brown when pregnant
Reproductive Cycle
• Ovarian Cycle– Oocytes at __________; meiosis halts– _________________ causes meiosis to resume in
several oocytes – meiosis halts until fertilization; if not fertilized, cell
ruptures and is expelled during ovulation– Oophoritis: inflammation of ovaries
• Menstrual Cycle– Menses (______)– Postmenstrual phase / Follicular phase (________)– Ovulation (____)– Premenstrual phase / Luteal phase (_______)
Menses• days 1-5 of a new cycle• endometrial lining sloughs off• __________ – first menstrual flow• __________ – lack of menstrual flow• Endometriosis – lining of uterus grows outside of
uterus
Postmenstrual / Follicular phase
• time between menses and ovulation (days 6-13)• ________ and ______ are released from the brain and
travel in the blood to the ovaries. • The hormones stimulate the growth of about ______
eggs in the ovaries each in its own "shell," called a follicle and production of estrogen which changes in appearance, amount and consistency of cervical mucus
• High __________ levels turn off the production of FSH• _____ follicle in one ovary becomes dominant and
continues to mature. Others stop growing and die. • The dominant follicle continues to produce ___________
Ovulation
• day 14; mature follicle ruptures and expels ovum into pelvic cavity
• The rise in estrogen from the dominant follicle increases the amount of ____ (responsible for ovulation)
• Dominant follicle releases its egg from the ovary (_______________)
• Egg is captured by finger-like projections on the end of the fallopian tubes (fimbriae) which sweep the egg into the tube.
Premenstrual / Luteal phase
• time between ovulation and menses (days 15-28)• The empty follicle develops into a new structure called
the ________ ______________. • The corpus luteum secretes ______________.• Progesterone prepares the uterus for a fertilized egg to
implant. • If intercourse has taken place and a man's sperm has
fertilized the egg, the fertilized egg (embryo) will travel through the fallopian tube to implant in the uterus.
• If the egg is not fertilized, it passes through the uterus. Not needed to support a pregnancy, the lining of the uterus breaks down and sheds, and the next menstrual period begins
Ovarian Follicle Development
Hormones• GnRH – tells pituitary to release FSH/LH• FSH – stimulate ________________growth• LH – stimulates growth of __________ ___________(promotes estrogen secretion)• ______________________
• secondary sex characteristics • thickens the endometrium• regulates menstrual cycle• Produce lactiferous ducts
• ______________________• Promotes mammary gland production• No fertilization:
• corpus luteum breaks down • levels ______________• endometrium sloughs off during menstruation
• If fertilized:• secreted by corpus luteum • levels _______________• further thickens endometrium
• Prolactin and Oxytocin – stimulates ____________________• Advantages of nursing
• Provides infant with necessary nutrients• Provides passive immunity to infant• Enhance emotional bond between mother and infant
Female Reproductive Hormones
Fertility• Birth - approximately 1 million eggs• Puberty - only about 300,000 remain. • 300 to 400 will be ovulated during a woman's reproductive lifetime. The eggs continue
to degenerate during pregnancy, with the use of birth control pills, and in the presence or absence of regular menstrual cycles.
• Causes:– problems with ovulation - Some signs that a woman is not ovulating normally include
irregular or absent menstrual periods.– blocked fallopian tubes due to pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, or surgery from
ectopic pregnancy– physical problems with the uterus – uterine fibroids
• Risk Factors– age - about one third of couples in which the woman is over 35 have fertility problems – stress – poor diet – athletic training – being overweight or underweight – tobacco smoking – alcohol – sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) – health problems that cause hormonal changes
Menopause• most women experience this stage after age 40 and spend a third of
their life in this phase.– Average age is _________
• Stages– Perimenopause
• starts years before your period stops• ovaries gradually produce less estrogen• Symptoms during this time include mood swings, hot flashes, and loss of sex
drive. – Menopause
• occurs when the ovaries no longer produce an egg every month and menstruation stops
• estrogen levels low– Postmenopause
• lasts years after menopause• continued decrease in estrogen – causes health risks