Feeding the World "Healthily" by 2050 - Professor Ricardo Uauy, London School of Hygiene and...
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Feeding the world “healthily” in 2050 ndon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), hool or Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), yal Veterinary College (RVC), hool of Pharmacy (SoP). The London International Development Centre Leverhulme Centre for Integrative Research on Agriculture and Health (LCIRAH) Ricardo Uauy MD PhD
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Transcript of Feeding the World "Healthily" by 2050 - Professor Ricardo Uauy, London School of Hygiene and...
Feeding the world “healthily” in 2050
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), School or Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), Royal Veterinary College (RVC), School of Pharmacy (SoP).
The London International Development Centre
Leverhulme Centre for Integrative Research on Agriculture and
Health (LCIRAH)
Ricardo Uauy MD PhD
Population growth to continue, but at a slower pace
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Josef Schmidhuber FAO Head, Global Perspective Studies Unit
Population growth is a key driver for long-term outlook on global food, agriculture
and nutrition
Germany: The Melander family of BargteheideFood expenditure for one week US $500
Ecuador: The Ayme family of Tingo Food expenditure for one week US $31.55
Chad: The Aboubakar family of Breidjing Camp Food expenditure for one week US $1.23
LentilsChick peas
LettucePeppers
CarrotsBean, dry
PlantainsCoconuts
CabbagesOranges
SorghumTomatoes
Oil Palm FruitSoybeans
Sweet PotatoesBarley
CassavaSugar Beets
Potatoes
Rice, PaddyMaize
Wheat
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
100,000 metric tonsMann, C. (1997)
Four crops represent 65% of food produced in the
world
Kg per person per year
Kg per person per year
Deaths by Regions of the World
Accidents Non-communicable DiseasesCommunicable diseases
AFRICA EasternMediterranean
EUROPESE-ASIA W.PACIFIC AMERICAS
25
50
75
%
Source: WHO, World Health Report 2004
Lancet Malnutrition Series 2008
• More than 3 million deaths, one third of the disease burden in children less than 5 years old can be attributed to maternal and child undernutrition.
• Stunting, severe wasting and intrauterine growth restriction account for > 20% of global deaths and DALYs in children < 5 yrs old, malnutrition in all its forms is the greatest risk factor for this age group.
• Vitamin A and zinc deficiencies, by far have the largest remaining disease burden.
• 1.4 million deaths and 10% of the disease burden in children <5 y can be attributed to sub-optimal BF especially non-exclusive BF in the first 6 m of life.
Lancet Malnutrition Series 2008
Maternal & childundernutrition
Immediatecauses
Underlyingcauses
Basiccauses
Lack of capital: financial, human, physical, social and natural
Social, economic and political context
Income poverty: employment, self-employment, dwelling, assets, remittances,
pensions, transfers, etc.
Unhealthy household environment & lack of health
services
Inadequate care
Household food
insecurity
Long-term consequences: Adult size, intellectual
ability, economic productivity, reproductive performance, Diabetes & CVDs
Short-term consequences:Morbidity, Disability, Death
Lancet Malnutrition Series 2008
Inadequate dietary intake Disease
% of total DALYs lost
Vit A deficiency
Iron deficiency
% of total DALYs lost
Blood Pressure
Cholesterol
% of total DALYs lost
Energy Imbalance
Under nutrition
Malnutrition in all its forms Foetus /Infants / Children
•LBW/IUGR •StuntingandSevere wasting•Micronutrientdeficiency(VitA,I,Fe,Zn,Fol)•Infection (HIV/AIDS)
Adults / Older People
•Cardiovascular (CHD, Stroke )• Obesity/Diabetes/Dyslipidemia• Cancerrelated toDiet and Physical inactivity•Osteoporosis, Caries•Age related loss of function (vit D, B12, n-3 FAs)
Nutrition defines in great part how many will survive infancy & how they will live and
die
Years of age0
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1930
2000
Foetus /Infants / Children•LBW/IUGR •Stuntingandwasting•Micronutrientdeficiency(VitA,I,Fe,Zn) •Infection(HIV/AIDS)
Adults / Elderly•Cardiovascular (CHD, Stroke)•Obesity/Diabetes/dyslipidemia•Cancerrelatedtodiet•Osteoporosis•Aging
Ideal
% su
rviv
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Nutrition-Infection interactions determine in great part, how we grow physically and develop mentally,
Nutrition-Physical activity interactions define how we will age and die.
DisabilityPhysical/Mental
Right to “Adequate food”: Quantity and Quality
- macronutrient quantity and qualityAND
- micronutrient density per unit energy consumed
Nutrient poor high energy foods displace nutrient rich foods
Effect most marked at low levels of physical activityLeading to:
- poor/abnormal fetal growth - low birth weight- stunting-increased risk of obesity
How do food prices affect health ?
Higher food prices limit the access to food by the poor and most vulnerable.
The challenge is not only to prevent a reduction in the quantity of food energy but to preserve the quality of the food consumed
Agriculture/food/nutrition scientists must call for international action to prevent a food crisis.
We need a second HEALTHIER and GREENER food revolution
M. Franco et al AJE Sept 19, 2007
All cause
DiabetesCancer
Heart Disease
