Current issues and challenges in Feed Manufacturing Technology

Muhammad Iqbal2011-PhD-2009

ImportanceFeed requirements for optimum performance

Genetic improvements

Environmental impact

Early weaning diets

Types of FeedMashPelletTMRPellet Advantages:• Decreased feed wastage• Reduced selective feeding• Decreased ingredient segregation• Destruction of pathogenic organisms• Thermal modification of starch and protein• Improved palatability

Feed processing

1. Raw material storage2. Grinding3. Weighing4. Mixing5. Liquid material addition6. Conditioning7. Pelleting8. Cooling9. Sieving10. Packing and storage

Grinding

Mixing

Homogenous blend

Types of Mixero Paddles o Agitatorso Ribbon

Ribbon MixerPaddle Mixer

Pelleting

Current Issues1) Ingredient availability and prices2) Fuel prices3) Grain particle size and its effect on animal performance4) Feed (nutrient) uniformity and its effect on animal

performance5) Toxins6) Pellet quality issuesAdditionally

In-line pellet moistureQuality controlHygienic treatment of finished feedsOdor controlLiquid ingredients addition

Raw Materials

• Availability

• Seasonal

• Price

• Quality inconsistency

• Environment

Toxins

• Anti-nutritional factors• Toxic metabolites– From ingredients– Due to storage

Effecto Animal Healtho Human health (M1 in milk)

Grain Particle size

> surface area Improve rate of digestion Increase fermentation rate Improve performance Decrease segregation and mixing problems Facilitate pelleting Development of ulcer

Optimum particle size of ground grain 4 - 4.8 mm ( 800-1000 μ)

Mixing ( Feed uniformity )

Most critical and essential operationsFactors1). Mixing time 2). Diet uniformity 3). ingredient segregation

Reduce • Nutrient uniformity• Animal performance

Coefficient of variation (CV) of less than 10%

Pellet Quality• Fines vs. Pellet• High shear conditioning• Amount of recycled material(cost)• Pellet Hardness

Factors effecting pellet QualityFormulation (40%)Grind (20%)Conditioning (20%)Die selection (15%)Cooling/drying (5%).

Refrences• Behnke, K.C. 1994. Factors affecting pellet quality. Proc.

Maryland Nutrition 46 Feed Manufacturing Technology Conference. Dept. of Poultry Science and Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Univ. of Maryland, College Park.

• Beumer, I.H. 1991. Quality assurance as a tool to reduce losses in animal feed production. Adv. Feed Technol. 6:6-23.

• Cabrera, M.R., Hancock, J.D., Behnke, K.C., Bramel-Cox, P.J., and Hines, R.H. 1993. Sorghum genotype and particle size affect growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and stomach morphology in finishing pigs. Swine Day Report-93, Kansas St. University, Manhattan. p 129.

Research Plan

Comparison of Rice polish, Molasses and Commercial Pellet Binder on Pellet quality

Thanks