Federalism Chapter 3. Evaluate the federal response to Hurricane Katrina? It is viewed today as a...
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Transcript of Federalism Chapter 3. Evaluate the federal response to Hurricane Katrina? It is viewed today as a...
FederalismFederalism
Chapter 3
Evaluate the federal response to Hurricane Katrina?
It is viewed today as a massive failure do you agree with this statement or disagree?
Defining FederalismDefining Federalism
What is Federalism?– Definition: A way of organizing a nation so that
two or more levels of government have formal authority over the land and people.
Intergovernmental Relations-– Definition: The workings of the federal system-
the entire set of interactions among national, state and local governments.
From Table 3.1
Defining FederalismDefining Federalism
Unitary Confederate Federal
Central Holds primary authority
Regulates activities of states
Limited powers regarding states
Shares power with the states
State Little or no powers
Regulated by central government
Sovereign
Allocate some duties to central government
Shares power with the central government
Citizens Vote for central government officials
Vote for state government officials
Votes for both state & central officials
11 countries out of 190 have a Federalsim System 1.Argentina 2.Australia 3.Austria 4.Brazil5.Canada6.Germany 7.India 8.Malaysia9.Mexico 10.Switzerland 11.United States
Defining FederalismDefining Federalism
Why is Federalism So Important?– Decentralizes our politics
More opportunities to participate
– Decentralizes our policies Which government should take care of which
problem? States can solve the same problem in different ways.
Examples of State & Gov Examples of State & Gov PowerPower
Regulation of RailroadsLabor LawsMinimum Wage Same Sex Marriage 21 to drink . . . (MADD)
•Candy Lightner – lost daughter in 1980 to Candy Lightner – lost daughter in 1980 to drunk driverdrunk driverLobbied to pass the legal drinking age to Lobbied to pass the legal drinking age to 21 (Federal govt withheld federal highway 21 (Federal govt withheld federal highway funds)funds)
The Constitutional Basis of The Constitutional Basis of FederalismFederalism
The Division of Power– The U.S. Constitution– Laws of Congress– Treaties– State Constitutions– State Laws
Cases where Federal Power Cases where Federal Power trumps State Powertrumps State Power
1976 National League of Cities v. Usery = minimum wage was decided by states
1985 Garcia v. San Antonio Metro = Congress stepped in and made this a national issue
Late 1980’s National Guard Training (State Militia)
The Constitutional Basis of The Constitutional Basis of Federalism: Ways the Federalism: Ways the
National Govt. has Gained National Govt. has Gained PowerPower
Establishing National Supremacy– Implied Powers– Commerce Powers– The Civil War– The Struggle for Racial Equality
McCulloch v. Maryland = 1819 Maryland wanted to tax the 2nd bank of the US 15,000 a year for its business (they hated Hamilton and his bank)
Elastic Clause . . . Congress can do what it wants if its in the best interest of the Country ?– Food– Water– Healthcare? . . . . .. . ……………hmmmmm– Pollution
Commerce PowerCommerce Power
Gibbon’s v. Ogden = 1824– Interstate commerce –1995 United States v. Lopez =
Said that the Federal Gun Free Zone Law passed in 1990 Congress overstepped their power
Racial Equality Racial Equality
Plessey v. Fergusson = 1896 Separate but equal was ok
1954 Brown v. Board of Education = School segregation . . . Unconstitutional
The Constitutional Basis of The Constitutional Basis of FederalismFederalism
States’ Obligations to Each Other– Full Faith and Credit– Extradition– Privileges and Immunities
Intergovernmental Relations Intergovernmental Relations TodayToday
Dual Federalism– Definition: A system of government in which
both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies.
– Like a layer cake– Ended in the 1930’s– Foreign & Military policy, postal and monetary
systems
Intergovernmental Relations Intergovernmental Relations TodayToday
Cooperative Federalism– Definition: A system of government in which
powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government.
– Shared costs– Shared administration– States follow federal guidelines– Control = schools, law enforecement, & road
building (Texas Rangers anyone?)
Figure 3.2
Intergovernmental Relations Intergovernmental Relations TodayToday
Fiscal Federalism– Definition: The pattern
of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system; it is the cornerstone of the national government’s relations with state and local governments.
– 1862 = Land Grant colleges? A&M?
Intergovernmental Relations Intergovernmental Relations TodayToday
Fiscal Federalism continued:– The Grant System: Distributing the Federal Pie
Categorical Grants: Federal grants that can be used for specific purposes. They have strings attached
– Project Grants- based on merit
– Formula Grants: amount varies based on formulas
Block Grants: Federal grants given more or less automatically to support broad programs.
Grants are given to states & local governments
Intergovernmental Relations Intergovernmental Relations TodayToday
Fiscal Federalism continued…– The Scramble for Federal Dollars
$300 billion in grants every year Universalism- a little something for everybody
– The Mandate Blues Mandates are the “strings” attached to federal
money Unfunded mandates are requirements on state &
local governments- but no money
Understanding FederalismUnderstanding Federalism
Advantages for Democracy– Increasing access to
government– Local problems can be
solved locally– Hard for political
parties / interest groups to dominate ALL politics
Disadvantages for Democracy– States have different
levels of service– Local interest can
counteract national interests
– Too many levels of government- too much money
Figure 3.4 (1999 average: $6,734)
Understanding FederalismUnderstanding Federalism
Understanding FederalismUnderstanding Federalism
Federalism and the Scope of Government– Which level of government is best able to solve
the problem?– Which level of government is best able to fund
solutions to the problem?
Internet ResourcesInternet Resources
Federal Grant searchIssues of federal-state relationsStatistical AbstractCouncil of State GovernmentsDiscussion of Federalist Papers