FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA - fadamaaf.netfadamaaf.net/res/manualsx/Rural Infrastructure...

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA

FEDERAL MINISTRY OF AGRICULTUREAND

WATER RESOURCES

THIRD NATIONAL FADAMA DEVELOPMENT PROJECT(FADAMA III)

RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE

National Fadama Coordination Office Nafisah Plaza, Plot 502, Off Constitution Avenue, Central Business Area, Abuja

E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

MANUAL NO. 4

ACPE E H AIT NA DF PD RN OGA RY ETI SN SU

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATION

BOQ Bill of Quantities

EIA Environment Impact Assessment

FCA Fadama Community Association

FMA & WR Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources

FUG Fadama User Groups

GEF Global Environment Facility

LDP Local Development Plan

LFD Local Fadama Desk

LFDC Local Fadama Development Committee

LFD Local Fadama Desk

MAP Material Advancement Payment

NFCO National Fadama Coordination Office

NFDP III National Fadama Development Project III

NPC National Project Coordinator

SCI Small Scale Community - Owned Infrastructure

SFCO State Fadama Coordination Office

SLM Soil and Land Management

SMC Sub-project Management Committee

SPA Sub-Project Agreement

VIP Ventilated Improved Pit-Latrine

T h i r d N a t i o n a l F a d a m a D e v e l o p m e n t P r o j e c t - ( F A D A M A I I I )

R U R A L I N F R A S T R U C T U R Ei


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TABLE OF CONTENT

1.0 Introduction……………......................……………………………………………...1

2.0 Small Scale Community owned infrastructure projects….....................…………1

2.1 CA-Owned infrastructure Projects……………….....................................………..1

2.2 Cross-FCA Infrastructure Projects……………….........................................……..1

3.0 Positive list for Rural Infrastructure Subprojects……………….........…………..2

3.1 Road Improvement/Rehabilitation…………….........................................………...2

3.2 Water Resources Based Infrastructures……………….................................……..2

3.3 Irrigation System Infrastructure……………….................................……………..2

3.4 Marketing System Infrasturctures:………………......................................……….3

3.5 GEF/Soil and Land Management (SCM) Infrastructures:………….................…3

4.0 Negative list for Rual Infrastructural subprojects:…….....................................…3

4.1 Agricultural Production Assets:………….................................................………...3

4.2 Fisheries:…………………….................................................................…………….3

4.3 Agro-Processing Equipments:……………….............................................………..4

4.4 Community Social Assets:……………………..............................................………4

5.0 Identifying The Infrastructure:…….........................................................................4

6.0 Operational Guidelines for subproject proposal:………….........................……...5

7.0 Guidelines for Infrastructural subproject Appraisal by local Fadama Development Committee:……….................................................………………….6

8.0 Project Approval Process:………………….................................................……….6

9.0 Procurement Procedures:………………..................................................………….7

10.0 Subproject Funding:……………………..............................................…………….7

11.0 Mode for Payment to Contractors:……………………….............................……..8

12.0 Brief Description of some of some of the small – scale community owned infrastructures:……..................................................................................………….8

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12.1 Rural Markets:……………....................................................................……………8

12.2 Market Stalls & Sheds:……………................................................................……...9

12.3 Ventilated Improved Pit (VIP) Latrines:………...............................................…...9

12.4 Market water point – boreholes / deep wells:………………..................………….9

12.5 Operational Maintenance:…………….....................................................…………9

13.0 S m a l l – s c a l e E n g i n e e r i n g I n f r a s t r u c t u r e s : … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … . . 9

13.1 Access Roads:……………….................................................................…………….9

13.2 Small Scale Irrigation Project:…………........................................................……10

13.3 Culverts and Small crossing Bridges:……….............................................………11

13.4 Bridges:……………………….........................................................................…….11

13.5 Concrete Weirs:……………………......................................................…………...12

13.6 Earth Dams:………………………….....................................................………….12

13.7 Community Boreholes:……………………….................................................……13

14.0 Basic Supervision Tools:………………………..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .…….13

15.0 Infrastructure Sub-Projects Coordination And Supervision ......................................14

15.1 Responsibilities of Technical Monitoring Team..........................................................14

16. Infrastructure Sub-Project Monitoring and Supervision at The State Level...........................................................................................................................14

17. Direct Labour Projects.............................................................................................15

18. Record Keeping..........................................................................................................15

FADAMA lll: RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANUAL.

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION

The Rural Infrastructural Component Manual is a toolkit intended to guide facilitators in the

implementation of small-scale community-owned infrastructure subprojects. It is assumed that

the users of the manual will be conversant with other relevant documents of Fadama III Project

such as: PAD, PIM etc .The designs of prototypes in the Positive List menu of Small-scale

community-owned infrastructure is attached in the electronic copy of this manual.

2. SMALL-SCALE COMMUNITY-OWNED INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS

These Small Scale Community-owned Infrastructural (SCI) projects or sub-project can be

categorized into two major groups namely:

2.1 CA- Owned Infrastructure Projects

These cover the construction or rehabilitation of low cost priority demand- driven community-

owned infrastructure projects identified in the Local Development Plans (LDPs) of any FCA.

The funding principles would be 90% grants and 10% of investments costs (in-cash, materials

or labour) which will come from counterpart contributions from the concerned FCAs. A limit on

the total cost of any FCA on Infrastructure Subproject ranges between: $1,000 and $10,000.

Some of the projects include the following:

vLow Cost Irrigation Systems

vFeeder Roads and Drainage Systems

vSmall earth filled dams or Rock-Fill Dams

vCulverts (ring/box culverts)

vWeirs

vBoreholes and Deep Wells

vSmall Bridges

2.2 Cross- FCA Infrastructure Projects

These are projects (usually large in scope) which cut across FCAs. Such projects may have been

identified by a Local Government or State Fadama Coordination Office (SFCO) in two or more

FCA's Local Development Plans as a priority investment in order to reduce conflict or for

effective management of shared infrastructures. A limit on the total cost of any Cross FCA on

Infrastructure Subproject ranges between $10,000 to $35,000. The SFCO will contract out the

design of these subprojects to consultants according to transparent and competitive bidding


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process. Where the subproject is reflected in the LDPs of contiguous FCAs, the project funds

(90% grants) will be channeled to the respective FCAs under the overall supervision of the

SFCO from the NFCO. Some of such projects include:

vGrazing Reserve

vGrains Storage Silos

vVeterinary Clinics

vStorage facilities – cold room

vLarge Scale Irrigation Systems

vDams

vAccess Roads

vMarket Centres with VIP Toilets and water scheme.

3. POSITIVE LIST FOR RURAL INFRASTRUCTURAL SUBPROJECT

3.1 Road Improvement/Rehabilitation

vFadama Access Roads (5.0m width) including design, supervision and training

vFeeder Roads (7.0m width) including design, supervision and training

vBox and Ring (600mm & 900mm pipe) culverts including design, supervision

and training

vDrifts

vStock Routes- delineate/ divert, provide water points

vGrazing Reserves- improvements of existing, grazing reserve by demarcating

with hedges, provision of water points of 3/ grazing reserve module of 100

hectares

3.2 Water Resources Based Infrastructures

vDams and Miscellaneous Infrastructures

vRehabilitation and maintenance of small earth dams

vRehabilitation and maintenance of small rock fill dams

vGroundwater Infrastructure ( Deep wells)

vMini water scheme (Borehole with submersible pump, Overhead tank, Generator

room, Generator and battery of taps).

vResting Points for stock routes at 150km intervals

vVeterinary Clinic

vFeed Store

3.3 Irrigation System Infrastructures

vType A: Small size(01-1.0 Ha) surface irrigation system

vType B: Small size, sprinkler (0.1-1.0Ha) irrigation system.

vDrainages

vAgricultural Land Drainage

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3.4 Marketing Infrastructures

vVentilated Improved Pit (VIP) Latrine

vWater Point borehole for 7 markets per S

vCold Storage Room at all markets

vCooling Sheds

vWater Pumps for market borehole-submersible

vRice Production and Harvesting Equipments

3.5 GEF/ Soil and Land Management (SLM) Infrastructures

vWoodlots

vShelterbelt

vOrchards

vRiver bank stabilization e.t.c

They are to be included into LDPs so they can be funded using part of component 2 to fund for

SLM Subprojects. This will qualify FCAs to compete for GEF funds.

Any Subproject not included in the positive list but meets project objective and is within the

preview of the FCAs must first receive approval for inclusion by the SFCO before proposal for

the subproject can be prepared by the FCA.

4. NEGATIVE LIST FOR RURAL INFRASTRUCTURAL

SUBPROJECTS

4.1 Agricultural Production Assets

vHand dug wells (4m-25m) without pump

vTube- wells (2m-15m) without pump

vWash bores (2m-7m) without pump

vLow head irrigation system (0.2Ha)

vFish breeding tanks (5mx5mx1.5m) 9 inches blocks filled with concrete

vWater pumps for tube wells

vWater pumps for wash bores.

vWater pumps for hand dug wells

vHunting Equipments and Traps

4.2 Fisheries

vFishing Traps, nets, canoes, and boats

vFishing Processing Equipment-transformation through moisture reduction into

self-stable forms

vFresh fish preservation (storage and deep freezers)



4.3 Agro-Processing Equipments

vVegetable Preservation –Evaporative cooling sheds at the farm gate

vSugar cane processing into unrefined sugar granules

vBlacksmithing Equipments

vProcessing Equipments such as maize shellers, oil presses, rice threshers, drying

platforms, garri processing, fruit processing equipment, fish smoking and milk

processing

v Honey collection and processing equipments

v Animal traction package, work bulls, harness, plough and ridger.

4.4 Community Social Assets

v Schools

v Hospital/Dispensaries

It is necessary to stress that any changes to the Subproject menu of the Positive List will

require the prior approval of the Government and the IDA.

5. IDENTIFYING THE INFRASTRUCTURE

The development and implementation of Fadama III infrastructure sub-projects will be

executed through participatory approaches. Specifically, Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)

method will be used by the communities with the guidance of Community facilitators to identify

priority needs and profer solutions. This will be articulated into the Local Development Plan

that serves as a basis for projects' funding.

Identifying infrastructure subprojects comprise of the following steps:

Step I:

v Identify the community infrastructures that require improvement,

rehabilitation or construction;

v Identify the location where their infrastructure is required within the

Community

v Use appropriate design criteria required for the

identified infrastructure

v Assessing the locally available resources and capacities to maintain and

operate the infrastructural investment

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Step II:

The FCA would contribute its own quota of the infrastructure of 10%.This may be in form of

labour, materials, cash or combination of both (minimum of 10% of the cost of the works).

Contribution should be up-front. As much as possible, all works are to be carried out by contract.

A simple work contract is prepared between a service provider for the community and the FCA.

On the other hand, if the community will provide labour and material, this should be equivalent

to their required contribution.

vWith the help of a service providers, the bill of quantities and schedule of

material required for the infrastructure improvement must be produced. The

FCA can then solicit bids from local contractors through advertising. Lots will

be based on material and labour contracts or fixed cost contracts depending on

the choice of Fadama Management Committee .

v The overall sustainability of subprojects, the maintenance/operation plan,

including funding must be put in place and agreed upon with the FCA

v The FCA would discuss the overall design, cost estimates, supervision, training

needs and maintenance/ operation arrangements of any identified subproject

with the community and desired changes and adjustments incorporated prior to

submitting application to the LFD for appraisal, review and approval.

6.0 OPERATIONAL GUIDELINES FOR SUBPROJECT PROPOSALThe following operational guidelines will assist the Local Fadama Desk to appraise the

sustainability arrangements of the communities:vThe subproject must be part of approved LDP.vCreation of a Fadama Community Association (FCA) by the community.vFull participation of the community during the subproject planning and

preparatory phase.

vAppropriate design criteria should be used through the help of service provider

(Engineer etc) refer to prototype design and BOQ.

vCo- financing of the investment at a minimum of 10% of project cost through up-

front in cash or kind ( by provision of labour, materials or both).

vFCA capacity to maintain/operate the subproject effectively.

vAdequate monitoring and impact assessment arrangements are in place.



7. GUIDELINES FOR INFRASTRUCTURAL SUBPROJECT APPRAISAL BY

LOCAL FADAMA DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE (LFDC)

The Third National Fadama Project eligibility guidelines/criteria will guide the

Local Fadama Development Committee in reviewing subproject proposals from the

communities. These guidelines would be reviewed and up-dated periodically based on FCA's

implementation experience. These guidelines include:

vThe subproject must be part of the approved local development plan LDP.

vAppropriate design criteria for the particular project should be used;

vThe proposals will be ranked by construction cost per population served.

vThe subproject must be located in a disadvantaged community within the Local

Government Area (based on poverty data and pre-existing information).

vThe subproject benefits (community empowerment and poverty reduction) are

correctly assessed.

vCompliance with the project limit of funding, detailed and accurate cost

construction estimates.

vTraining needs of the community in terms of the construction/ rehabilitation and

subsequent maintenance of the subproject.

vSubproject construction duration should not exceed 12 month.

8. PROJECT APPROVAL PROCESS

After the final selection of a subproject or infrastructure by the FCAs, facilitators would guide

the committee to ensure that the development plans shows the step-by-step implementation and

costs involved and indicate contributions by various stakeholders. The local development plans

would also show the financing plan and implementation, operation and maintenance

arrangements. Once the development plan is completed and adopted as the collective

investment priorities of the member Fadama User Groups (FUGs), it would be presented to the

FCA assembly for final review and adoption.

The FCA leaders would fill the subproject application form (in triplicate) attached with the

subproject proposal and submit two of the application forms to their Local Fadama Desk (LFD),

and the concerned Fadama User Groups (FUG) respectively as well as retain one for their

records.

The Local Fadama Development Committee (LFDC) would then screen the submitted proposal

i.e. (subproject plans complete with specifications, cost estimates) for technical eligibility and

approval. If it is recommended by the LFDC, the subprojects are forwarded to the State Fadama

Coordination Office (SFCO) for final technical review in order to ascertain compliance with

Development

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project objectives and guidelines. Subsequently, the FCA enters into a subproject agreement

(SPA) with the SFCO. This subproject agreement spells out the terms and conditions for the

funding, ownership, operation and maintenance of approved subprojects. Once the subprojects

costs have being approved for financing, the SFCO would release the necessary funds to the

bank account of the Fadama Community Associations who in turn disburse to the contractor in

installments (as agreed up on by both parties in the contract) based on the consultants'

(architects, engineers and quantity surveyor) recommendation/certification via progress report

and certificate valuation as project progresses to ensure good quality of work and strict

adherence to specifications.

9. PROCUREMENT PROCEDURES

The FCA elected Procurement Sub-committee members would explore the options available

for obtaining goods, works and services to enable them select the most appropriate type of

procurement plan to use. To ensure that a subproject is completed on schedule and within

budget, it is important to develop a plan for procuring works or services when they are needed.

The following procedures would be employed for procurement of projects contracts:

a). The Procurement Sub-Committee, assisted by the state Supervising Engineer

would prepare the tender documents for the procurement of civil works

(engineering/ architectural drawings, specifications, BOQ, environmental

guidelines ) and approach their Local Fadama Desk (LFD). Refer to Proto-type

drawing for template.

b). An advertisement inviting contractors to tender is placed in the local newspaper,

advertising agency such as television or radio for larger projects while for the

smaller projects adverts can be made in mosques, churches and markets.. A

mandatory site visit must be done by contractors in case of rehabilitation works.

c). Tenders would close at a specified date and time as advertised. Tenders would be

opened publicly and tendered figures will be announced at a meeting with

contractors who made submissions.

d). The tenders are evaluated by the service provider( Engineers, Architects, or

Quantity Surveyors) and a report including recommendation of contractors

would be submitted to the community and Local Fadama Desk for their

information and final selection of the winning bid.

e). The FCA then sign a contract agreement with the selected contractor. Refer to

Proto-type drawing for template.



10. SUBPROJECT FUNDING

In order to ensure ownership, sustainability of subprojects, all investments to be funded by the

Project would involve the participation of beneficiaries by co-financing them. The financing of

infrastructural subprojects would be in form of grants with Fadama releasing maximum of 90%

(disbursed in installments, depending on the project cost, implementation period and capacity

of the FCAs) of the total cost of the subproject and a minimum of 10% of total cost through up-

front cash or in kind (provision of labour, materials or both) in contributions by the

beneficiaries. The total cost of the subproject funding must not exceed funding allowed under

the project guidelines.

11. MODE OF PAYMENT TO CONTRACTORS

A Sub-Project Agreement (SPA) must be signed between the FCA and the Service Provider

highlighting the terms and conditions of how the sub-project will be implemented within a

specified period of time and mode of payment. A template of SPA is provided in the Project

Implementation Manual (PIM)/Proto-type drawings and BOQ.

Generally, payments to service providers under Fadama III project arrangement are to be made

in tranches. The first payment is the Material Advance Payment which should not be more than

30% of the total contract sum and Advance payment security is required from a reliable Bank.

The remaining 70% shall be paid in two tranches based on the progress reports and Certificate

Valuation raised by the State Supervising Engineer and submitted to the State Fadama

Coordination Offices. The progress report and certificate valuation templates provided in the

Proto- type drawing document should be used.

While payments for projects that are executed by the community themselves through Direct

labour which doesn't require the services of a contractor, the process is purely procurement of

materials and labour only. In such situation the initial payment shall be75% of the total amount

estimated and shall be used to procure all materials required for the work in bulk to avoid change

in prices of materials along the line. The final payment for the unpaid labour will be made after

the project execution and certified by the state supervising engineer.

12. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SOME OF THE SMALL SCALE COMMUNITY

OWNED INFRASTRUCTURES

12.1 Rural Markets

Rural markets basically serve as assembly points for agricultural produce. Such markets are

found in all Local Government Areas in the existing Fadama States. Rural market days vary

from one community to another. Some markets operate skeletally daily but fully on designated

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market days, such periodic markets are mostly found along service roads. The wholesalers buy

commodities in large quantities assembled in trucks for onward dispatch to Central markets in

the Urban Areas. Most existing rural markets do not have organized pedestrian/vehicular

movement within them. No good layouts of roads for free flow of goods and the ground is

generally unleveled and poorly drained, thereby rendering the market virtually unusable during

rainy seasons. Two options of market layout are shown.

12.2 Market Stalls and Sheds

The majority of existing rural Fadama markets are makeshift in nature, made of timber, open-

ended and with no proper layout and planning, i.e. generally temporary in nature.

The benefits of well constructed market stalls and sheds would contribute largely to the success

of Fadama III in the following ways:

·Increase the revenue generation of the local government.

·Guarantee security of farmer's left over produce.

·Create confidence in the farmers, as they do not have to sell out their produce at

ridiculous low prices for fear of transporting them back home.

12.3 Ventilated Improved Pit (V.I.P) Latrines

Ventilated Improved Pit Latrine (V.I.P) is a system of disposing human waste. It is developed for

rural communities where water supply is not readily available. It is a modification of the

traditional pit latrine with the provision of ventilation pipes to prevent spread of disease and

control of odour. Introduction of this system will enhance the environmental sanitation of the

communities.

12.4 Market water points- boreholes /deep wells

Boreholes and deep-wells would be dug at markets to ease the problem of shortage of clean

potable water supply and prevent disease outbreak in these communities. Private individuals

can be encouraged to develop, operate and maintain water supply borehole for commercial

purposes.

12.5 Operation and Maintenance

The concerned FCA or the representative of the market associations who oversee the operations

and activities of the market will carry out the maintenance of these water points in the following

ways:

·The water points should be opened only on market days

·Time schedule should be used to fetch water for everyday markets.

·Water pumps should be connected to the well and piped to strategic points with taps



where water can be obtained to maintain the general sanitation of the water.

13. SMALL SCALE CIVIL ENGINEERING INFRASTRUCTURES

Designs of good and sustainable infrastructures that can be selected by the Fadama users to suit

their peculiar requirements should be provided. The designs being proposed here are

inexpensive, simple, and easy to use and maintain for the Fadama user groups. Most rural

communities do not have these basic infrastructures. These infrastructures and their

maintenance are as described below.

13.1 Feeder/Access roads

Good access roads must be constructed or rehabilitated (in cases where roads exists) to service

Fadama sites. These will enable farmers have direct access to their farms, markets and state or

federal roads. Most existing Fadama sites, which fall hinterland, are faced with numerous

problems due to poor maintenance or sheer neglect of the roads to their farms, thereby making it

nearly impossible for them to get their produce to the marketplaces especially during the rainy

season.

Identified physical and environmental problems which have made past Fadama roads

unsuccessful are:

vPoor construction due to non-provision of adequate and well-compacted drains

vErosion problems.

The design criteria and considerations for the proposed roads are enumerated as follows:

vLow construction cost

vEase of Maintenance

vMaximum road width of 7m

vGentle gradient for easy runoff of surface water

vExpected volume of traffic flow and type of vehicles

The roads being proposed for Fadama III are well-compacted, gravely lateritic, earth-filled,

roads with adequate drains which can be easily maintained or upgraded with minimum cost. The

width of the roads shall vary from 5 to 7 metres approximately without shoulders and side drains

but with the provision of turnouts i.e. earth drains for the entire lengths of the roads.

13.1 Road Maintenance

The maintenance programme is expected to be periodical, recurrent or routine.

·Periodical maintenance – Involves rehabilitation of the roads which is periodically,

(depending on the climate and traffic density) by the Local Government Authority in

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conjunction with the Fadama User Groups (FUGs).

· Recurrent maintenance- carried out annually; it involves the replacement of washed

away laterite back on the road and ramming it properly back, while routine maintenance

should be done quarterly.

13.2 Small scale- irrigation project

Fadama III project would aim at further encouraging small scale irrigation schemes that could

be adaptable for all Fadama Areas. This will double the cropping intensity and make dry season

farming lucrative and viable thereby increasing rural community empowerment and alleviating

poverty.

13.2.1 Operation and Maintenance

Irrigation schemes require careful design, good construction and effective management to be

successful. Irrigated water is supplied to crops through pipes or channels depending on the

design, type and method adopted for any scheme. The different methods are surface, sub-

irrigation, sprinkler or drip. Whichever method is designed, control of water is essential to avoid

waste, weed control and soil/crop requirements.

13.3 Culverts and Small Crossing Bridges

Roads to be constructed or rehabilitated should have culverts of different sizes at appropriate

locations. Many culverts that had been constructed in the past by Fadama communities were

without concrete encasement and are easily damaged due to vehicle wheel impact and

deterioration as a result erosion.

There shall be a provision for box/ ring culverts of varying dimensions along the project routes,

as there may be need for such with a view to the proper maintenance of the works.

Recommended Ring sizes vary between 600mm-900mm in diameter depending on the flow of

surface water.

The design criteria and considerations of proposed culverts are:

v Large inlet and outlets of culverts to avoid road washouts

v Low construction cost

v Evacuation of estimated floodwater under un-submerged conditions.

13.4 Bridges

Bridges are usually constructed on stone masonry abutment and piers where the river is narrow

and banks are solid.



The design criteria and considerations of proposed bridges are:

1011 Roadway of bridge to be at least 600mm above flood level

1012 The stability of the approach channel.

13.4.1 Maintenance

Culverts and bridges should be constructed and maintained by the Fadama Community

Associations or Government Authorities. These structures should be kept clean of silt and other

debris and are to be inspected regularly. Stone aprons should be provided on the downstream

side to reduce the scour tendency.

13.5 Concrete Weirs

Concrete weirs can be built to any height and are much more expensive than the sand bay weirs.

This type of structure has to be properly designed and constructed to specification to avoid risk

of failure. .


Small concrete weirs for water reservoir as described above are more effective, inexpensive to

build and maintained. Ownership of these weirs could be individual or small farmer groups. If

silted up, openings could be made to flush out the silt deposit. Large dams are most effective if

they could be well operated and managed by the communities it serves but it is too expensive to

construct, thereby making it difficult to maintain. It is usually Government that can afford to

build and finance the operation and maintenance of dams.

13.6 Earth Dams

Earth dams are made out of earth fill and can be constructed to a height of not more than 3m

under NFDP III. They require concrete spillways to prevent over-topping and subsequent

failure of the dam during periods of high flow. Proper engineering design and construction of

Dams is very essential to ensure guaranteed multipurpose use for domestic and irrigation water

supply.

The following factors should be taken into consideration in selecting the dam site:

vThe dam axis should be as short as possible (longitudinal)

v The dam axis should be on dry, firm soil devoid of roots and bush

v The body and foundation should be located on material that will not

12



seep excessively

v Heavy Clay should not be used for the body but only for the core (if need be).

v For homogenous embankment that may likely result, sandy clay or silt-clay

should be used

vAnother important factor is the cost of construction and ultimate sustainability

(ease of maintenance) of the project.

v As a result of the above, the important factor is community participation and

involvement right from the design stage

v Partial EIA will be required

13.7 Community Boreholes

Boreholes are deep wells that are beyond the suction lift of small petrol driven 50mm and 75mm

diameter water pumps. Water from boreholes is usually potable and fit for direct consumption

because of the filtration processes that must have taken place in the aquifer except in some cases

where, the water contains certain minerals, treatment is not necessary. Bore-holes are the most

common source of domestic water supply in most existing Fadama communities; it can be

financed by the community, individuals, government and non-governmental organizations who

in turn hand the borehole over to the community. Laboratory analysis of borehole water should

be carried out after execution of work.


Most farming communities with boreholes are usually being managed by the communities

themselves. They have operating time schedules which vary from one community to another.

Generally water is fetched from the boreholes early in the morning between 5.00hrs-8.00hrs and

16.00hrs -18.00hrs daily for the female while males can fetch between 8.00hrs - 12noon and

20.00hrs-24.00hrs (midnight). The free periods between are resting periods for both genders.

This illustrated scenario helps the community to actually monitor and manage the boreholes

effectively. Appropriate pumps (Hand or Submersibles) should be used to pump water out of

the boreholes and the communities contribute for its maintenance.

14. Basic Supervision Tools

The basic tools needed by the State and Local Fadama Supervisors for the effective supervision

of projects include the following:

vMeasuring Tapes

vSite inspection Report/ Instruction Booklet- these are formats to write reports and



technical instructions.

vCamera to take progress photographs

The specimens of site inspection checklists are listed below:

vSite Instruction Note

vProgress report

vCertificate Valuation – This is issued by the State Supervising Engineer

recommending payments to the Contractor based on the valuation carried.

vHanding Over Note - This is a document issued to the Contractor by the State

Supervising Engineer certifying that all works have been completed satisfactorily

according to specifications.

15. INFRASTRUCTURE SUB-PROJECTS COORDINATION AND

SUPEERVISION

Community Infrastructure Implementation

The Third National Fadama Development Project was designed in line with the Community

Demand Driven (CDD) approach popularly known as the bottom-top approach. It follows a

number of processes of development which ensures full community participation. In other

words, communities are allowed to identify, decide, execute and sustain their development

projects but with relevant stakeholders providing guidance. A work plan is essential in the

smooth execution of the projects. The Facilitator should sit down with the community and

work-out a design, financial involvement and simple work plan called Programme Chart for the

execution of such projects. It therefore calls for participatory approach involving communities,

Government and Private Sector in the project development and good coordination and

monitoring arrangements during implementation.

The National Project Coordinator (NPC) will be responsible for the overall coordination and

supervision of the entire Infrastructure subprojects in the states by delegating the

Infrastructure Engineer at the National Fadama Coordination Office to offer technical support.

In order to ensure and maintain an effective coordination and supervision of the infrastructure

sub-projects being implemented, a multidisciplinary team from the NFCO led by the

Infrastructure Engineer, Zonal Project Coordinators and other engaged competent service

providers would be constituted to monitor, supervise and produce a quarterly report to the

National Project Coordinator.

15.1 Responsibilities of Technical Monitoring Team

vEnsure uniform and standard designs are used by all states

vEnsure uniform branding/labelling of sub-projects cross states

vMonitor the timely completion of projects.

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vOffer technical support to on-going sub-projects implementation

vMake Quarterly report on the Infrastructure sub-projects across the states to the NPC.

16. Infrastructure Sub-Project Monitoring and Supervision at The State Level

The State Fadama Coordination Offices (SFCO) will engage the services of qualified and

experienced Service Providers (Architects, Quantity Surveyors and Engineers) as States and

Local Fadama supervisors preferably from the public sector (ADPs , States Min. of Works and

LG Works Departments) who will be supervising the construction of the Infrastructure sub-

projects based on the approved Proto-type drawings and BOQs for each participating FCA. This

is to ensure effective supervision and consistency in specifications for the proposed

Infrastructure and ensuring all sub-projects attain uniform aesthetical presentation under

Fadama III as a whole. This would be carried out effectively by involving the Fadama

Community Associations or Fadama Users Groups benefiting from such project at every stage

of sub-project's implementation. The personnel involved in carrying out the exercise are;

I. National Technical Monitoring Team

II. State Supervising Engineers- Bsc/HND Civil Engineering

III. Local Fadama Supervisors

IV. FCA/FUG sub-committes works and M&E

17. Direct Labour Projects

For Infrastructure sub-projects that are executed using direct labour method, estimates of

materials required and labour is prepared, procured and executed by the FCA sub-

committees in collaboration with Local Fadama Supervisors.

18. RECORD KEEPING

The Fadama III Project is designed based on the CDD approach so that community

participation on a sustainable manner is ensured before, during and after implementation.

A file must be opened for each Project at FCA level which should contain the following:-

I. Projects Executed on contract

ØQuotations from contractors

ØContract Agreement Letter

ØBill of Quantities

ØDrawings

ØPayment Certificates and Progress Report by the State Supervising Engineer.

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II. Projects Executed on direct labour

ØMinutes of meeting on FCA's Resolution to embark on the project.

ØLFDC approval for the project

ØDrawings

ØMaterial estimateØReceipts of Materials purchasedØReceipts of all services paid ØReceipts of labour paidØCompletion Certificate

NOTE

Templates of all necessary forms are provided in the Proto-type drawings/BOQ

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