Federal Procurement Spending in Northern Virginia

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nvrcNorthern Virginia Regional Commission

Federal Procurement Spending in Virginia and Northern Virginia

A Critical Component of Virginia’s Defense-Related Infrastructure

Prepared by

Northern Virginia Regional CommissionNovember 12, 2015

This study was conducted through a grant from the Commonwealth of Virginia for the Virginia Federal Action Contingency (FACT) Fund, Contract #134-FACT-06, administered by the Virginia Department of Planning and Budget

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Officers of the CommissionHon. Penelope A. “Penny” Gross, ChairmanHon. Lisa C. Merkel, Vice ChairmanHon. Redella S. “Del” Pepper, Treasurer

Executive DirectorG. Mark Gibb

County of Arlington County of Prince William City of Manassas ParkHon. Jay Fisette Hon. Peter Candland Hon. Frank JonesHon. Libby Garvey Hon. Martin E. Nohe

Hon. Frank J. Principi Town of DumfriesCounty of Fairfax Hon. Gerald M. Foreman IIHon. Sharon Bulova City of AlexandriaHon. John C. Cook Hon. Redella S. “Del” Pepper Town of HerndonHon. Penelope A. “Penny” Gross Hon. Paul C. Smedberg Hon. Lisa C. MerkelHon. Pat HerrityHon. Catherine M. Hudgins City of Fairfax Town of LeesburgHon. Jeffrey C. McKay Hon. Scott Silverthorne Hon. David S. Butler Hon. Linda Smyth

City of Falls Church Town of PurcellvilleCounty of Loudoun Hon. David Tarter Hon. Kwasi FraserHon. Janet ClarkeHon. Scott K. York City of Manassas Town of Vienna

Hon. Harry J. Parrish II Hon. Laurie A. DiRocco

Northern Virginia Regional Commission

Authors of the ReportKenneth F. BillingsleyNorthern Virginia Regional Commission

Stephen S. Fuller, Ph.DGeorge Mason University

This report is available on the NVRC website: http://novaregion.org

The Northern Virginia Regional Commission (NVRC) is a regional council of fourteen member local governments in the Northern Virginia suburbs of Washington DC. According to Virginia’s Regional Cooperation Act, NVRC is a political subdivision (a government agency) within the Commonwealth. Main Office Telephone Number: 703 642-0700.

MEMBER JURISDICTIONS

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List of Tables v

Executive Summary ix

Introduction 1Organization of the Report 2

Section I: Federal Procurement Spending in Virginia and Northern VirginiaHow Much Federal Procurement Money Is Being Spent in Virginia? 5

How Does This Amount Compare With What Other States Are Receiving? 6

What Are The Procurement Trends? 16

Where Are Federal Procurement Dollars Being Spent In The State? a. Regionally b. Locally

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What Federal Agencies Are Spending The Money? 40

Where Did The Reductions Occur During The Recent Economic Downturn? 49

Section II: Impact Of Changing Federal Procurement Patterns Introduction 59

Federal Procurement Trends In Northern Virginia And The Commonwealth Of Virginia And Their Economic Impacts 61

Structural Changes In The Northern Virginia And Commonwealth Of Virginia Economies And Their Impacts On Future Economic Growth 66

Impact Of Continuing Federal Procurement Spending Reductions On The Northern Virginia And Commonwealth Of Virginia Economies 71

Appendix 75

Table of Contents

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Table 1 Federal Procurement Spending in the State of Virginia: FY 2010-2014By Year and Type of Contract Award 5

Table 2 Recipient StatesReceiving the Most Procurement Money From FY 2010 through FY2014 7

Table 3 Federal Procurement Spending - By StateDollars Obligated By Primary Contracts Received 8-9

Table 4Where Virginia Ranks Nationally on Selected Department of Defense IndicatorsBased on a Comparative Analysis of Fifty American States

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Table 5 Defense Spending in the United States, by State, for Fiscal Year 2013-14How Virginia Compares Nationally 11-14

Table 6 Federal Procurement Trends in the United States: 2000-2014Based on Primary Awards Obligated 17-18

Table 7 Where the Procurement Money Goes - By Recipient RegionFive Year Totals - By Type of Spending 21-23

Table 8Where Northern Virginia Would Rank Nationally If it Were An Individual StateDollars Obligated By Primary Contracts Received

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Table 9 Where the Procurement Money Goes - By Recipient RegionBy Individual Years 26-28

Table 10Localities Having Highest Annual Per Capita Rates of Federal Procurement SpendingBased on Average for Five Year Period from FY2010 through FY2010

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Table 11 Top Ten Receipient Counties and CitiesDollars Obligated By Primary Contracts Received 30

Table 12Where the Procurement Money Goes: By Recipient Counties and Cities in VirginiaBased on Five Years of Procurement Spending

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List of Tables

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Table 13 Listing of Top 20 Receipient LocalitiesBy Individual Year 35-37

Table 14Procurement Spending in the Northern Virginia Portion of the Washington D.C. MSAAmounts By Year and Type of Procurement Spending

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Table 15 Summary List of Major Federal Funding Agencies 41-42

Table 16Where the Money Is Coming FromA Detailed Breakdown, By Federal Funding Agency, of Procurement Contracts Obligated in Virginia, Northern Virginia and the Hampton Roads Area Over the Past Five Years

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Table 17Anatomy of the Economic Downturn in Virginia From 2011 to 2013Where the Spending Cuts Occurred - By U.S. Agency Funding Source in Virginia, Northern Virginia and the Hampton Roads Area

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Table 18 Federal Payroll and Procurement Spending in the National Capital RegionBy Sub-State Area, 1983-2001 61

Table 19Federal Payroll and Federal Procurement Spending in the National Capital RegionBy Sub-State Area, 1983-2001

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Table 20 Comparative Economic Growth Performance: U.S., Virginia and Northern Virginia, 2006-2014 63

Table 21 Federal Procurement Spending: Northern Virginia and the Commonwealth of Virginia, 2010-2014 64

Table 22 Average Wages in the U.S. Virginia, and Northern Virginia: 2007-2014 66

Table 23 Structural Change in the Virginia Economy: 2011-2014-2020 67

Table 24 Structural Change in the Northern Virginia Economy: 2011-2014-2020 68

Table 25 Comparative Economic Growth Performance: United States, Virginia and Northern Virginia, 2014-2020 69

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Table 26 Economic Impacts of the Baseline Forecast: 2014-2020 Northern Virginia and the Commonwealth of Virginia 71

Table 27The Impact of a One-Third Reduction in DoD Procurement Spending Between 2014 and 2020 on Projected Job Growth in Virginia and Northern Virginia

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Table 28Summary of Economic Impacts of Changing Federal Procurement Spending in Northern Virginia and the Commonwealth of Virginia, 2014-2020

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APPENDIXTable A-1 Major Military Bases and Installations in Virginia 77-83

TABLES - From Chumura Economic Impact Assessment ModelTable A-2

Economic Impact of DoD Spending in Virginia 2013 Employment and Average Wages Tied to DoD Procurement Spending 87-88

Table A-3

Economic Impact of DoD Spending in Virginia 2013 - By Industry SectorEmployment and Average Wages Tied to DoD Procurement Spending in Virginia, Northern Virginia and the Virginia Beach-Norfolk Metropolitan Areas

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Table A-4

Economic Impact of DoD Spending in Virginia 2013 - By Industry Sector Employment and Average Wages Tied to DoD Procurement Spending 91-94

Table A-5

Economic Impact of DoD Spending in Virginia: 2013By Detailed Industrial Sector 95-104

Table A-6

Potential impact of Sequestration on Virginia EconomyIf DoD Procurement Spending in the Commonwealth Decreases by a Third from 2013 to 2018

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Table A-7

Potential impact of Sequestration on the Economiesof Northern Virginia and Virginia If DoD Procurement Spending in the Commonwealth Decreases by a Third (equivalent to a 13.5 billion dollar decrease) from 2013 to 2018

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

IntroductionThis is a study of federal procurement spending in Virginia and Northern Virginia from 2010 through 2014. It was conducted to better understand, and to make better known to state and local officials, the potential impacts of changing federal procurement patterns on the Commonwealth of Virginia and Northern Virginia’s economies.

To learn more about the critical role that federal procurement spending has played and will continue to play in the economies of Northern Virginia and the Commonwealth, this report is divided into two sections. The first, prepared by the Northern Virginia Regional Commission (NVRC), provides answers to a series of background questions on federal procurement spending in Virginia. Based on an analysis of more than 1.17 million federal procurement transactions that were recorded from October 1, 2010 through September 30, 2014 (FY 2010-2014), these ques-tions address how much federal procurement is being spent in Virginia; where, geographically, the obligated funds are being spent; and what federal agencies have been issuing the contracts, providing a level of specificity and an insight into federal procurement spending in Virginia that has hitherto been lacking. The second section, prepared by Stephen S. Fuller, Ph.D, George Ma-son University, analyzes the historical magnitude and significance of changing federal procure-ment patterns on the Northern Virginia and Commonwealth of Virginia economies and the likely impact that recent trends could have during the remaining years of the decade.

Findings - Section IFederal Procurement Spending in Virginia and Northern Virginia

How Much Federal Procurement Money Is Being Spent?From 2010 to 2014, the United States government spent more than 295 billion dollars in Virginia purchasing products and services from the private sector. Averaged annually, this comes to a little more than 59 billion dollars a year. On a per capita basis, this equates to $7,214 annually for each of the more than 8.2 million Virginia residents (Table 1).

The Department of Defense accounts for roughly seventy percent of the total federal outlay: 40 billion dollars annually, $4,995 per capita. Non-defense contract awards amounted to 19 billion annually, $2,259 per capita.

How Does This Amount Compare With What Other States Are Receiving?About 1 of every $8.50 spent nationally goes to Virginia. No state in the country receives more federal procurement dollars than Virginia, which in 2010 surpassed California as the nationwide leader in the amount of federal procurement monies it receives annually (Table 3).

In aggregate and for each of the past five years, Virginia ranked first in the nation in the amount of federal procurement spending it has received since 2010.

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Among the top 10 recipient states, Virginia received ten percent more than California (ranked second), fifty percent more than Texas (ranked third) and two to four and a half times more than the other remaining top 10 recipient states.

Additional empirical evidence of the unique standing Virginia occupies nationally comes from a recently-released report, prepared by the Office of Economic Adjustment (OEA) of the U.S. Department of Defense that shows Virginia ranking first or second in the nation, among the fifty states, on seven key metrics which can be used to evaluate each state’s potential exposures to projected declines in defense spending. Listed below are Virginia’s comparative rankings. USA Rank

- Dollar amount spent by DoD in state in 2013 .........................................1- Percentage of total U.S. defense spending in state ..................................1- DoD spending per resident ......................................................................2 - DoD spending as a share of state’s gross domestic product ...................1- Number of defense personnel (military and civilian) in the state ...........2- Payroll for defense personnel ..................................................................1- Dollar value of DoD contract awards obligated ......................................1

What Are The Procurement Trends?Virginia mirrors the larger national trend, differing in year-to-year dynamics, but adhering to a spending trajectory similar to the United States over the past fifteen years (Table 6).

First was a post-millennial spending binge following 9/11 when federal procurement spending in Virginia grew from 21.2 billion in 2000 to 54.9 billion in 2008, a 32.7 billion dollar increase. Each year, the base amount increased and, in six of eight years, the base grew by a double-digit percentage increase, eventually reaching an historic peak in 2011, when the amount of procure-ment spending in Virginia topped 60 billion dollars.

Then it abruptly shot downward, dropping from 60.1 billion dollars in 2011 to 51.1 billion in 2013, a nine billion dollar, twenty-one percent decrease in two years time, before rebounding in 2014 with a two percent, one billion dollar increase.

Where Are Federal Procurement Dollars Being Spent In The State?

a. RegionallyOf the 295 billion dollars spent by the U.S. Government in Virginia from 2010-2014, 286 billion, ninety-two percent of the total went to two regional markets: Northern Virginia and Hampton Roads. Northern Virginia received 219 billion, seventy-five cents of every pro-curement dollar while Hampton Roads received 53 billion, eighteen cents on the dollar. The remaining 23 billion, 8 cents on the dollar, was disbursed among the nineteen other regions of the Commonwealth (Table 7).

The same geographical concentration exists for Department of Defense procurement spending, with ninety-three percent of the contract awards going to two regions. Northern Virginia received 140 billion, sixty-nine cents of every DoD dollar; while Hampton Roads received 47.6 billion, or twenty-four cents on the dollar.

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Non-defense procurement spending — which is another federal funding stream in which Vir-ginia ranks first in the nation and which, over the past five years, has been pumping about 18.5 billion dollars annually into the Virginia economy — also reveals a heavily skewed geograph-ical disbursement pattern, with Northern Virginia receiving eighty-six percent of the federal spending total and Hampton Roads six percent.

If Northern Virginia Were A State, Where Would It Rank Nationally In The Amount Of Fed-eral Procurement Spending It Receives?Northern Virginia would rank second in the nation, behind only California in the amount of federal procurement dollars it has received over the past five years. In three of the last five years, it would have ranked second nationally and in two of the years it would have ranked third, behind Texas (Table 8).

The other geographical portion of Virginia — the 123 counties and 20 regions comprising the remaining geographical area of Virginia— collectively would have ranked seventh in the nation, a positional status due primarily to comparatively higher levels of procurement spending in support of the military presence in the Tidewater area.

b. Locally About ninety percent (equal to 261 billion dollars) of federal procurement spending in Virgin-ia occurs in ten jurisdictions, all of them counties and cities located in Northern Virginia and the Hampton Roads areas. In rank order, based on obligated contract award amounts, they are Fairfax County, Arlington County, the City of Newport News, the City of Norfolk, Loudoun County, Prince William County, the City of Alexandria, Virginia Beach, and the Cities of Portsmouth and Hampton (Tables 11,12).

Fairfax County, alone, accounts for a staggering 131 billion dollars of the 295 billion awarded in Virginia from 2010 through 2014. This amount, forty-five percent of the statewide total, is a sum greater than that received by all but four states during the last half decade: Virginia, Cali-fornia, Texas and Maryland. On average, Fairfax County’s allotment comes an annual infusion of more than 26.2 billion, or $23,730 annually per county resident

What Federal Agencies Are Spending The Money?The five largest private sector purchasers of goods and services are Department of Defense agen-cies., listed by amount below (Tables 15,16):

Amount Percent of Total Amount Procurement (Billions) Spending Department of the Navy 69.0 23.4Department of the Army 68.3 23.2Department of the Air Force 18.6 6.3Defense Logistics Agency 13.5 4.6Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) 13.4 4.5

Military procurement spending is approximately three times greater in Northern Virginia than in the Hampton Roads area. Of the 202.7 billion dollars in Department of Defense spending during

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the five-year time span, 140 billion, or sixty-nine percent of the statewide total was for contract purchasing in Northern Virginia, compared to 47.6 billion, and twenty-four percent of the state-wide total in the Hampton Roads area.

Where Did The Reductions Occur During The Recent Economic Downturn,?Almost ninety percent of the 9.3 billion dollars decrease from 2011 to 2013 resulted from re-ductions in defense spending, which totaled 8.1 billion during the two-year period. Within the Department of Defense, agencies recording the largest cutbacks were: the Army (4.9 billion), the Navy (1 billion), the Defense Systems Information Agency (DISA) (1 billion), the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) (696 million) and the Air Force (473 million). Northern Virginia absorbed seventy-six percent of the statewide procurement reduction, while Hampton Roads absorbed eleven percent (Table 17). .

Findings - Section IIImpacts of Changing Federal Procurement Patterns on the Northern Virginia and Commonwealth of Virginia Economies

The economies of Northern Virginia and the Commonwealth of Virginia became increasingly de-pendent on federal spending over the past three decades. The historical significance of the federal funding source is well documented, and is illustrated by changes in the Washington Metropolitan economy.

Federal procurement spending in the Washington metropolitan area totaled $4.2 billion in 1980 ($1.7 billion or 40.5% of these expenditures went to businesses located in Northern Virginia). By 2010, federal procurement spending in the Washington metropolitan area totaled $82.4 billion ($45.0 billion or 54.6% went to federal contractors located in Northern Virginia for work per-formed in Northern Virginia)

In 1980, Northern Virginia accounted for 31.6 percent of the Washington metropolitan area economy; by 1990, it accounted for 38.8 percent; by 2000, its share increased to 43.8 percent; and by 2010, Northern Vir-ginia accounted for 46.0 percent of the Washington metropolitan area economy. This increased share of the Washington metropolitan area economy, which was also growing significantly over this period (real GRP increased 215.1%), provides a measure of the importance of this disproportional gain in federal procure-ment dollars that was captured by businesses located and doing their work in Northern Virginia (Table 18).

Rapid gains in federal procurement spending, and in particular procurement spending by the De-partment of Defense, drove economic growth in the State and in Northern Virginia as confirmed by a 0.97 correlation (predictive value) between growth in Northern Virginia’s gross regional product and increases in federal procurement spending between 1983 and 2001.

This rapid increase in federal procurement spending not only generated growth rates that ex-ceeded national economic trends and cushioned the negative effects of the Great Recession, it substantially altered its economic structure, shifting the job mix in Northern Virginia dispropor-

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tionally to professional and business services, and especially to scientific and technical services, characterized by high-value added and high-growth potential occupations.

This growing dependence on annual increases in federal procurement spending to drive the growth of Northern Virginia’s and the State’s economies created a vulnerability that has nega-tively impacted these economies’ performances since 2011, as this spending declined in response to the Budget Control Act of 2011 (Table 20). After two years of significant reductions in federal procurement spending in both Northern Virginia and statewide, federal procurement spending stabilized in 2014 (slipping 1.15% in Northern Virginia and increasing 1.95% at the state level). These economies’ accelerating performances through the first half of 2015 suggest that while federal procurement spend-ing is at least holding steady or possibly may have increased slightly, that the non-federally dependent portions of these economies have become more influential with their current performances benefiting from the slowly improving performance of the national economy.

ProjectionsProjections for Northern Virginia’s and the Commonwealth’s economic performance over the remainder of this decade by IHS Economics, economic consultants to the Virginia De-partment of Taxation, reflect key assumptions that a new round of sequesters will not occur and that federal spending will remain relatively steady at its current level (Table 25).

With federal procurement spending holding steady within the Northern Virginia and Com-monwealth economies between 2014 and 2020, these economies are projected to recover from their negative, no-growth or slow-growth performances in 2013 and 2014, with the State at least regaining its historic growth path and with Northern Virginia exceeding U.S. growth rates.

This baseline forecast builds from an economic structure that supports improving econom-ic conditions but will not propel these economies back to their pre-2011 rankings relative to peer states and regions. (These comparative impacts are summarized in Table 28).

However, even with this broadening of their economic bases and slowly diminishing depen-dencies on federal procurement spending, the Northern Virginia and Virginia economies will remain vulnerable to further reductions in federal spending.

If the full ten-year spending reductions codified in the Budget Control Act of 2011 were implemented over the remainder of this decade, the gains projected in the baseline forecast would be substantially reduced, although both Northern Virginia and the Commonwealth would still achieve economic growth during this period.

If these federal spending reductions were to continue, they could potentially reduce pro-curement spending by the Department of Defense by one-third from their level in 2014.

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For Northern Virginia, a one-third reduction in DoD procurement spending between 2014 and 2020 would reduce the projected baseline job growth of 149,420 jobs by 70,882 or by 47.4%. Eighty-five percent of this job loss would consist of jobs within the professional and business services sector, jobs with an average GRP value of $157,969 (in 2014$s). The cost to the econ-omy of this reduction in DoD procurement spending, based on the GRP value of the jobs lost, would total $12.3 billion over the 2014-2020 period.

The baseline economic growth forecast has gross regional product increasing by $57.8 billion for an annual average gain of 3.8%. If DoD procurement spending in Northern Virginia declined by additional one-third between 2014 and 2020, extending the losses experienced in 2012 and 2013 over the next six years, the Northern Virginia economy would only grow by $45.5 billion for an average annual rate of 3.0%.

The statewide impacts of a one-third reduction in DoD procurement spending by 2020 would be similarly significant accounting for loss of 121,110 jobs and $16.6 billion in gross state product value from the baseline forecast.

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INTRODUCTION

This is a study of federal procurement spending in Virginia and Northern Virginia from 2010 through 2014, a five-year economic cycle that was characterized by a series of destabilizing national events:

- after-shocks from the worst recession since the great depression; - a large infusion of federal stimulus dollars to jump start a sluggish national economy fol-

lowed by belt-tightening re-adjustments when the monies ceased;- mounting political pressures to reduce Department of Defense (DoD) force levels and

budgets in the aftermath of disengagement from Iraq and Afghanistan;- an anticipated second round of BRAC coming on the heals of a major 2005 base realign-

ment; and- the looming threat of sequestration.

All of these events exposed the vulnerability of Virginia to potential reductions in federal govern-ment spending and military activity. They are part of a larger national context that, beginning in 2011 and continuing through 2013, sent shock waves through Virginia’s economy and its budget-ary process, as federal procurement spending took a precipitous downward turn after more than a decade of robust and sustained growth.

National events, the fear is, could continue to reverberate for years to come, constraining future economic and revenue growth at all levels of government and across all regions of the Common-wealth.

While there are many unknowns in contemplating what the future may bring, what is not in question is the economic vulnerability that Virginia could face. This exposure stems from the fact that, in Virginia, can be found:

- one of the largest concentrations of military installations and agencies in the United States;

- the largest amount of federal procurement spending, defense and non-defense, going to any state,

- the largest assemblage of federal civilian and DoD workers in the United States, and- one of largest, best-educated pool of private-sector contract workers providing goods and

services paid for by the U.S. Government

A recent study by the Joint Legislative Audit and Review Committee (JLARC)1 estimates that twenty percent of the gross economic output (GDP) of the Commonwealth in 2012 came from federal spending. Only Alaska, with a small population base of around 700,000, receives more

1 Joint Legislative Audit and Review Committee (JLARC), Report to the Governor and the General Assembly of Virginia, Size and Impact of Federal Spending in Virginia, June 9, 2014.

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federal dollars per capita. And the primary reason why Virginia ranks so high, on a per capita basis, can be traced directly to the disproportionately large share of military and federal procure-ment dollars it receives annually, amounting to roughly 1 of every 8.5 dollars spent by the Feder-al Government in buying goods and services to meet its national objectives.

Federal procurement spending, defense and non-defense, is big business in Virginia, a primary source of economic activity, performance and output in the state and, especially, in Northern Virginia. It also plays a strategic role in supporting the nation’s defense mission.

In May 2015, the Governor’s Commission on Military Installations and Defense Activities released a report, Growing the Military Mission in the Commonwealth of Virginia2 that was undertaken to “...ensure Virginia continues to serve as a strong strategic partner to our military services.” The report summarizes the challenge that lies ahead as follows.

“Understanding emerging requirements and national security trends, and aligning them with the Commonwealth’s existing military installations, industries, academic institutions, economic infrastructure and communities in a critical and self-evaluative manner, is essential to ensuring Virginia’s continued growth and enduring relevance to the Nations’ defense.”3

This mandate requires an understanding of the role that procurement spending plays in support-ing Virginia’s military partnership with the U.S. government. While the modern day version of the nation’s military-industrial complex, with its vast utilization of private-sector contracting to perform governmental operations, can be difficult to budgetary disentangle, there can be little doubt that procurement spending is a critical component of Virginia’s current defense-related infrastructure and that, any strategy to improve the Commonwealth’s competitive posture, must take this reality into account.

According to an estimate from a DoD, Office of Economic Adjustment (OEA) study4, procure-ment spending accounted for 40 billion of the 58.8 billion spent by the Department of Defense in Virginia in 2013 for all DoD-related activities: salaries and wages for military and civilian personnel, contract awards, base operations, etc. Sixty-eight percent of the dollars spent by the Department of Virginia in Virginia in 2013, based on OEA data, went to buying goods and ser-vices from the private sector.

The purpose of this study, accordingly, is to learn more about procurement spending in Virgin-ia and Northern Virginia. It is designed to provide governmental officials, legislators, business leaders and other interested parties with a greater understanding of what is, perhaps, the single, most important stimulus that lies behind the dynamism and structure of the Commonwealth of

2 Virginia Commission on Military Installations and Defense Activities, Growing the Military Mission in the Commonwealth of Virginia: Executive Summary and Public Report, May 1, 2015, 3 Ibid., Pg 24 Office of Economic Adjustment, U.S. Department of Defense, Defense Spending By State Fiscal Year 2013, 2015.

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Virginia’s and Northern Virginia’s advanced economies: that is, the role that federal procurement spending plays in fueling these economic engines.

Unlike in the Tidewater area, where supersonic jets are taking off and landing to thunderous roar, where some of the mightiest battleships and nuclear submarines in the arsenal are docked, where the military presence is everywhere visible to the human eye and is an acknowledged driver of regional economic growth and output, in Northern Virginia this linkage may not be as readily apparent. But it is in Northern Virginia where the presence of the federal government has, and will continue to have, its greatest impact on the economy and budget of the state. This study will highlight the nexus.

Another objective of the study is to highlight the singular role that Northern Virginia plays, nationally and within the state of Virginia, in providing a place of work and a highly-skilled workforce to perform the staggering volume, scope and cutting-edge work that the Department of Defense and the rest of the federal bureaucracy requires. Northern Virginia is a marketplace of exceptional quality, breath, diversity and size where DoD and other federal agencies regularly go shopping when they are looking to buy goods and services from the private sector to advance their objectives. The human capital Northern Virginia possesses is unparalleled..

Proximity to the nation’s capital has transformed Northern Virginia into one of America’s and the world’s most dynamic, fastest growing, economically advanced, highly educated, prosperous and culturally diverse regions on the planet. It also lies behind the evolving economic and demo-graphic transformation of Virginia. Federal procurement spending, DoD in particular, has been a primary factor driving this historic evolution.

ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORTUnlike most community DoD impact assessments, which traditionally focus on base closures or on the potential loss of a major military mission, this study follows the money. The NVRC study builds upon JLARC’s recently-completed federal spending impact assessment by addressing a number of glaring gaps identified by JLARC in our knowledge of federal procurement spending in the state. These deficiencies include: knowledge of the types and sources of federal spending; trends; geographic locations where contract work is performed; the type, number and wages of jobs tied to federal spending, and alternative scenarios for the future.

In order to address these issues, the NVRC report is divided into two main sections. First is sec-tion, prepared by the Northern Virginia Regional Commission, that looks at federal procurement spending in Virginia and Northern Virginia through three major question, addressing:

(1) Larger National and State ContextHow much federal procurement money, defense and non-defense, is being spent in Virginia? How does Virginia compare with other states? What are the trends, nationally and in the State of Virginia?

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(2) Geographical Location of Federal Procurement SpendingWhere is the money going in Virginia: to what regions, counties and cities of the state? When the spending reductions occurred from 2100 to 2013, what regions and localities experienced the reverberating economic shocks ?

(3) Detailed listing of Sources of FundingWhere is the money coming from?… What federal agencies, how much, and how did this change during the downturn?

The second section, prepared by Stephen S. Fuller, Ph.D, Dwight Schar Faculty Chair and Uni-versity Professor, George Mason University, analyzes the impact of changing federal procure-ment patterns on the Northern Virginia and Commonwealth of Virginia economies. The objec-tives are:

(1) to document federal procurement spending trends in Northern Virginia and the Com-monwealth of Virginia over the recent past and to establish their impacts on the per-formance and structure of their respective economies—their gross regional and state products and employment structures;

(2) to exam the changing structure of Northern Virginia’s and the State’s economies to determine how changing federal procurement spending patterns and their shifting com-position may have impacted these economies’ future performances; and

(3) to prepare Budget Control Act of 2011

(a) a worst case as governed by full compliance with the Budget Control Act of 2011 and;

b) a forecast reflecting no further reductions in federal procurement spending be-tween 2014 and 2020; that is, that DoD and non-DoD procurement outlays retain their 2014 shares (value and proportions across sectors) of their respective Northern Virginia and State economies. This latter forecast will provide a baseline forecast for these economies for future reference as initiatives are undertaken to further diversify these economies away from their federal dependencies.

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SECTION I.

A. LARGER NATIONAL CONTEXT

The State of Virginia occupies a unique position in the intergovernmental system in the amount of procurement money it has been receiving annually from the U.S. Government. No state in the union has received more than Virginia over the past decade and a half. Nor does any state have a larger share of its gross domestic product tied to federal and military spending. To better understand the nature of this critical economic relationship, and of the special role that Northern Virginia plays in supporting Virgina’s military partnership with the U.S. Government, the first section of the report examines various dimensions of the procurement process in Virginia and Northern Virginia. The approach employed is a series of questions, followed by a brief descrip-tion of salient findings and their associated data tables.

How Much Federal Procurement Money Is Being Spent In Virginia?

From 2010 to 2014, the United States government spent more than 295 billion dollars in Virginia purchasing products and services from the private sector.

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Table 1

Federal Procurement Spending in the State of Virginia: FY 2010-2014 By Year and Type of Contract Award

Primary Contracts Sub-Award Contracts All Contracts

Transactions Amount Transactions Amount Transactions Amount 2010 258,936 ....... 58,826,988,670 405 ......... 572,600,396 259,341 ..... 59,399,589,066 2011 261,093 ....... 60,131,817,627 3,369 ...... 3,941,675,075 264,462 ..... 64,073,492,702 2012 241,015 ....... 55,221,448,661 5,021 ...... 3,200,310,217 246,036 ..... 58,421,758,878 2013 197,529 ....... 51,094,256,476 6,680 ...... 3,638,109,884 204,209 ..... 54,732,366,360 2014 196,141 ....... 52,094,918,979 5,868 ...... 6,309,188,280 202,009 ..... 58,404,107,259 Total 1,154,714 ..... 277,369,430,413 21,343 .... 17,661,883,852 1,176,057 ... 295,031,314,265

Source: USAspending.gov, January 2015. __________________________________________________________________________

This total is based on an analysis of more than 1.17 million federal procurement transactions that were recorded from October 1, 2010 through September 30, 2014 (FY 2010-2014). The informa-tion, downloaded from the USAspending.gov website in January 2015, includes all primary and sub-contract award funding where the “place of performance” for obligated funds was Virginia.

The amount of federal procurement money that Virginia has received over the past five years, when averaged annually, comes to a little more than 59 billion dollars per year. On a per capita

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basis, this is equivalent to $7,214 per person, per year for each of the more than 8.2 million Vir-ginia residents.

The Department of Defense accounts for roughly seventy percent of the total federal outlay: 40 billion dollars annually or $4,995 per capita. Non-defense contract awards amounted to 19 billion annually, or $2,259 per person.

How Does This Amount Compare With What Other States Are Receiving?

No state in the country receives more federal procurement dollars than Virginia, which in 2010 surpassed California as the nationwide leader in the amount of federal procurement monies it receives annually (See Table 3) . About 1 of every $8.50 spent nationally goes to Virginia, stim-ulating economic growth and productivity in Northern Virginia, the Tidewater area and in other regions of the state. 5

Tables 3 presents dollar amounts received, by year and by state, with an aggregated total for the five-year period. Among the highlights are these statistical findings.

Virginia, California, Texas, and Maryland, in that order, round out the top four recipient states, a ranking that has remained constant since 2010.

In total and for each individual year during the past half-decade, from FY 2010 through 2014, Virginia has led the nation in federal procurement spending. Moreover, the dollar gap separating Virginia from other states is considerable.

A listing of the top 10 recipients states, based on what was spent by the federal government in their states from 2010 through 2014, reveals that Virginia received ten percent more than Califor-nia, fifty percent more than Texas and two to four and a half times more than eight of the remain-ing states.

Not only is Virginia’s ranking on the national continuum impressive, so too is the gulf that exists in the dollar amounts of procurement spending occurring in Virginia relative other states.

5 METHODOLOGICAL NOTE: The procurement dollar amounts presented for Virginia in this table differ from the numbers obtained from the downloaded transaction data obtained from the USAspending.gov website, which are presented in Table 1. The reason for the discrepancy between the two sets of numbers is that comparative state rankings presented in Table 2 are based solely on primary contracts; while the information presented in Table 1 incorporate adjustments occurring through the sub-contracting process. According to information downloaded from the USAspending.gov website for purposes of this study, Virginia received 277.4 billion dollars in primary contract awards and 17.6 billion through the sub-contracting process, for a combined total of 295.0 billion in federal purchasing from 2010 through 2014.

It is important to note that the Federal Procurement Data System - Next Generation (FPDS-NG), operated by the General Services Administration and which is the source of procurement contract transactions downloaded from the USAspending.gov website, is working to improve the collection and recording of sub-contracting funds. Presently, there are acknowledged limitations in the methodologies employed for tracking sub-contracting activities.

7

_____________________________________________________________________

Table 2

Recipient StatesReceiving the Most Procurement Money From FY 2010 through FY2014

Dollars VA. Amount State (in billions) Greater By*

Virginia 277.4 California 254.9 1.09 Texas 183.9 1.51 Maryland 133.2 2.08 District of Columbia 95.5 2.90 Pennsylvania 89.5 3.10 Florida 76.8 3.61 Massachusetts 74.6 3.72 Arizona 64.5 4.30 Connecticut 62.2 4.46

* Obtained by dividing Virginia total by other state totals___________________________________________________________

Only the states of Virginia and California have ever crossed the 50 billion dollar annual procure-ment threshold. California did it three times from 2010 through 2014, dropping below the mark after 2012, when federal reductions began; while Virginia’s share of procurement monies, which first rose above the 50 billion dollar plateau in 2008 has yet to dip below it for seven years run-ning.

By comparison, Texas, which ranks third in the nation in federal procurement spending, has never topped 40 billion dollars in a given year; nor has Maryland, which ranks fourth, topped 30 billion. The magnitude of these state differences, in billions and billions of dollars spent annually by the U.S. Government purchasing goods and services from the private sector economy, is what sets Virginia apart from its counterparts. It’s also what makes it more vulnerable when potential U.S. budgetary reductions, military especially, are placed on the table.

8

--- FY 2010 --- --- FY 2011 --- --- FY 2012 ---

Dollars Dollars DollarsUNITED STATES ......... 477,685,172,222 UNITED STATES ........ 476,609,783,309 UNITED STATES ....... 456,236,855,614 Virginia .......................... 58,826,461,101 Virginia .......................... 60,131,817,627 Virginia ......................... 55,204,679,163 California ........................ 56,283,211,154 California ........................ 53,035,786,036 California ....................... 51,966,299,112 Texas ............................... 38,581,201,832 Texas ............................... 38,895,094,214 Texas .............................. 38,205,689,208 Maryland ......................... 26,288,822,278 Maryland ........................ 26,192,453,908 Maryland ....................... 27,320,271,803 District of Columbia ....... 21,324,828,690 District of Columbia ....... 19,842,934,300 Pennsylvania .................. 18,850,814,225 Pennsylvania ................... 18,574,096,607 Pennsylvania ................... 19,239,890,947 District of Columbia ...... 18,744,207,622 Florida ............................. 17,223,757,335 Massachusetts ................. 16,765,738,128 Florida ........................... 15,463,334,844 Massachusetts ................. 15,584,705,498 Florida ............................ 16,423,836,830 Massachusetts ................ 15,143,044,709 New York ........................ 12,809,586,263 Arizona ........................... 14,378,395,392 Missouri ......................... 15,126,281,977 Arizona ............................ 12,611,237,806 Connecticut ..................... 13,068,378,587 Arizona .......................... 14,221,153,559

Missouri .......................... 12,567,023,365 Washington ..................... 12,047,999,169 Washington .................... 13,227,166,794 Georgia ............................ 12,028,389,891 Alabama .......................... 11,392,932,589 Connecticut .................... 13,104,183,531 Connecticut ..................... 11,882,745,508 New York ........................ 11,287,990,481 Colorado ........................ 10,961,582,173 Illinois ............................. 10,689,141,663 Missouri .......................... 11,033,429,754 Illinois ............................ 10,924,058,582 Alabama .......................... 10,005,934,003 Georgia ........................... 10,307,527,343 Alabama ......................... 10,746,240,079 Colorado ............................ 9,954,275,738 Colorado ........................... 9,909,193,200 New York ....................... 10,446,387,395 New Jersey ........................ 9,766,389,026 Illinois ............................... 9,412,798,113 Tennessee ......................... 8,611,515,910 Washington........................ 9,617,743,170 Tennessee .......................... 9,256,141,231 Georgia ............................ 7,895,608,576 Wisconsin .......................... 9,523,960,723 New Jersey........................ 9,248,459,139 Ohio ................................. 7,440,095,077 Ohio................................... 8,260,071,314 Ohio .................................. 7,548,127,814 New Mexico .................... 7,202,335,783

Tennessee .......................... 8,144,857,110 Mississippi ........................ 7,343,932,830 New Jersey....................... 6,839,433,489 South Carolina .................. 7,974,696,766 New Mexico ..................... 7,191,685,595 Mississippi ....................... 6,609,680,974 New Mexico ...................... 7,384,473,903 Kentucky .......................... 6,860,115,824 Kentucky ......................... 6,495,169,590 Louisiana ........................... 7,146,744,457 Wisconsin ......................... 6,696,871,934 Michigan .......................... 6,348,982,139 Michigan ........................... 6,375,783,350 South Carolina .................. 6,626,850,305 South Carolina ................. 6,297,721,521 Kentucky ........................... 6,099,609,686 Michigan ........................... 6,538,921,670 North Carolina ................. 5,385,143,836 North Carolina .................. 5,458,485,152 North Carolina .................. 5,950,006,174 Louisiana ......................... 4,278,293,860 Indiana ............................... 5,181,738,135 Maine ................................ 5,170,687,993 Indiana ............................. 3,732,948,178 Utah ................................... 3,651,167,590 Indiana .............................. 4,962,077,674 Utah ................................. 3,390,094,779 Oklahoma .......................... 3,204,410,764 Louisiana .......................... 4,338,870,242 Wisconsin ........................ 3,246,582,493

Kansas ............................... 2,917,504,518 Utah .................................. 3,536,778,223 Oklahoma ........................ 3,068,200,401 Hawaii ............................... 2,703,681,535 Oklahoma ......................... 3,205,965,475 Nevada ............................. 2,892,822,707 Minnesota .......................... 2,595,200,622 Hawaii .............................. 3,108,073,633 Hawaii ............................. 2,820,928,674 Idaho ................................. 2,579,653,246 Idaho ................................. 3,022,359,892 Minnesota ........................ 2,685,558,020 Mississippi ........................ 2,555,160,528 Minnesota ......................... 2,597,503,776 Alaska .............................. 2,457,685,501 Alaska ............................... 2,450,346,610 Kansas .............................. 2,577,982,365 Idaho ................................ 2,380,995,756 Nevada .............................. 2,346,769,380 Nevada .............................. 2,498,960,398 Kansas ............................. 2,109,769,572 Iowa ................................... 2,201,609,564 Alaska ............................... 2,262,138,638 New Hampshire ............... 1,934,014,894 Oregon ............................... 1,925,494,493 Iowa .................................. 1,728,153,281 Maine ............................... 1,733,871,112 Maine ................................ 1,728,244,522 New Hampshire ................ 1,597,641,057 Iowa ................................. 1,730,917,437

West Virginia ..................... 1,671,834,284 Oregon .............................. 1,479,987,198 Oregon ............................. 1,556,590,206 Arkansas ............................ 1,622,054,856 Arkansas ........................... 1,312,825,732 West Virginia ................... 1,160,781,996 New Hampshire ................ 1,350,467,538 West Virginia .................... 1,178,453,200 Arkansas .......................... 1,133,702,869 Nebraska ........................... 1,189,807,338 Nebraska ........................... 1,095,357,588 Nebraska .......................... 1,058,179,935 Rhode Island ........................ 932,224,502 Rhode Island ........................ 904,675,674 North Dakota ...................... 867,668,875 Vermont ................................ 889,426,979 South Dakota ....................... 711,174,794 Rhode Island ....................... 713,540,259 South Dakota ........................ 860,865,387 Delaware .............................. 667,274,802 South Dakota ...................... 642,328,465 Montana ............................... 768,868,484 North Dakota ....................... 653,165,429 Montana .............................. 574,464,569 North Dakota ........................ 653,713,491 Montana ............................... 593,887,559 Delaware ............................. 528,882,888 Wyoming .............................. 402,995,554 Vermont ............................... 487,690,879 Vermont .............................. 408,619,454 Delaware .............................. 313,698,913 Wyoming ............................. 290,788,675 Wyoming ............................ 348,331,041

NORTHERN VA ............. 40,445,584,262 NORTHERN VA..............39,458,184,404 NORTHERN VA.............37,398,931,669

* The dollar amounts shown in this table were downloaded from USAspending.gov, which does not make an adjustment, by State, for money coming into and leav-ing the state through the sub-award process. The figures are based on money obligated through primary contract awards only. The Virginia and Northern Virginia amounts, therefore, differ from dollar figures presented in other tables of this report, which are based on a merging of the two separate federal reporting systems.

Table 3Federal Procurement Spending - By StateDollars Obligated By Primary Contracts Received*

9

Five Year Total --- FY 2013 --- --- FY 2014 --- FY 2010-2014

Dollars Dollars DollarsUNITED STATES ................... 407,486,825,683 UNITED STATES ................. 404,649,034,230 UNITED STATES ............. 2,222,667,671,058

Virginia .......................... 51,093,797,311 Virginia .......................... 52,094,374,230 Virginia ....................... 277,351,129,432 California ........................ 47,660,841,799 California ........................ 45,918,374,523 California ..................... 254,864,512,624 Texas ............................... 39,021,295,635 Texas ............................... 29,230,065,120 Texas ............................ 183,933,346,009 Maryland ......................... 25,682,858,679 Maryland ........................ 27,709,339,185 Maryland ..................... 133,193,745,853 District of Columbia ....... 16,792,402,691 District of Columbia ....... 18,795,354,353 District of Columbia ...... 95,499,727,656 Pennsylvania ................... 16,181,931,712 Pennsylvania ................... 16,662,027,552 Pennsylvania .................. 89,508,761,044 Massachusetts ................. 14,576,538,764 Connecticut ..................... 13,687,284,353 Florida ........................... 76,753,991,817 Florida ............................. 14,086,194,343 Florida ............................ 13,556,868,464 Massachusetts ................ 74,649,919,460 Arizona ............................ 12,391,154,996 Massachusetts ................. 12,579,892,360 Arizona .......................... 64,500,121,667 Washington...................... 11,736,503,641 Washington ..................... 11,780,985,843 Connecticut .................... 62,155,557,065

New York ........................ 10,757,723,173 Arizona ........................... 10,898,179,914 Washington .................... 58,410,398,616 Connecticut ..................... 10,412,965,086 Alabama .......................... 10,537,969,164 Missouri ......................... 57,647,470,884 Missouri ............................ 9,877,688,805 New York .......................... 9,834,927,332 New York ....................... 55,136,614,643 Alabama ............................ 9,671,975,641 Colorado ........................... 9,728,383,604 Alabama ......................... 52,355,051,476 Colorado ............................ 8,043,275,174 Missouri ............................ 9,043,046,983 Colorado ........................ 48,596,709,889 Tennessee .......................... 7,657,820,800 Georgia ............................. 8,769,949,620 Georgia .......................... 46,628,782,649 Georgia .............................. 7,627,307,220 Illinois ............................... 7,522,567,187 Illinois ............................ 45,049,278,416 New Mexico ...................... 6,695,152,087 New Mexico ..................... 7,501,151,417 Tennessee ....................... 40,302,901,397 Illinois ............................... 6,500,712,871 New Jersey........................ 6,857,858,456 New Jersey..................... 39,153,775,158 Kentucky ........................... 6,471,931,219 Kentucky .......................... 6,797,908,699 New Mexico .................. 35,974,798,786

New Jersey ........................ 6,441,635,048 Tennessee .......................... 6,632,566,346 Ohio ............................... 35,804,450,849 Ohio................................... 6,267,518,308 Ohio .................................. 6,288,638,336 Kentucky ....................... 32,724,735,018 Mississippi ........................ 5,786,531,379 South Carolina .................. 5,600,211,180 South Carolina ............... 31,940,055,108 South Carolina .................. 5,440,575,336 Minnesota ......................... 5,129,066,922 Michigan ........................ 28,788,179,714 North Carolina .................. 4,993,989,293 North Carolina .................. 4,872,718,008 North Carolina ............... 26,660,342,463 Michigan ........................... 4,812,483,665 Michigan ........................... 4,712,008,891 Mississippi ..................... 26,004,829,880 Louisiana ........................... 3,447,660,983 Mississippi ........................ 3,709,524,169 Wisconsin ...................... 24,893,697,336 Wisconsin .......................... 3,225,480,121 Indiana .............................. 3,490,897,280 Louisiana ....................... 22,624,252,616 Indiana ............................... 3,146,059,377 Louisiana .......................... 3,412,683,074 Indiana ........................... 20,513,720,644 Minnesota .......................... 3,044,046,380 Oklahoma ......................... 2,537,957,923 Minnesota ...................... 16,051,375,721

Nevada .............................. 2,882,976,807 Hawaii .............................. 2,417,416,725 Utah ............................... 15,097,810,138 Idaho ................................. 2,595,473,708 Idaho ................................. 2,343,508,643 Oklahoma ...................... 14,056,298,752 Utah ................................... 2,236,601,349 Nevada .............................. 2,289,324,374 Hawaii ........................... 12,947,705,723 Maine ................................ 2,081,594,795 Utah .................................. 2,283,168,196 Idaho .............................. 12,921,991,246 Oklahoma .......................... 2,039,764,188 Wisconsin ......................... 2,200,802,066 Nevada ........................... 12,910,853,666 Hawaii ............................... 1,897,605,156 Kansas .............................. 1,945,404,879 Maine ............................. 12,269,730,327 New Hampshire ................ 1,787,940,968 Alaska ............................... 1,922,611,275 Kansas ........................... 11,270,818,113 Kansas ............................... 1,720,156,778 Iowa .................................. 1,740,230,701 Alaska ............................ 10,729,170,773 Alaska ............................... 1,636,388,748 Maine ................................ 1,555,331,906 Iowa ................................. 9,001,750,994 Iowa ................................... 1,600,840,010 New Hampshire ................ 1,502,664,028 New Hampshire ............... 8,172,728,484

West Virginia ..................... 1,161,646,304 West Virginia .................... 1,360,712,038 Oregon ............................. 7,319,963,642 Oregon ............................... 1,138,478,796 Oregon .............................. 1,219,412,949 West Virginia ................... 6,533,427,823 Nebraska .............................. 967,596,525 Arkansas ........................... 1,150,738,569 Arkansas .......................... 6,162,808,312 Arkansas ............................... 943,486,286 Nebraska ........................... 1,125,160,614 Nebraska .......................... 5,436,102,000 Rhode Island ........................ 767,070,464 Rhode Island ........................ 929,576,110 Rhode Island .................... 4,247,087,009 South Dakota ........................ 564,941,875 South Dakota ....................... 604,888,462 South Dakota ................... 3,384,198,982 North Dakota ........................ 490,339,508 Montana ............................... 545,623,323 North Dakota ................... 3,198,469,354 Montana ............................... 444,124,244 North Dakota ....................... 533,582,051 Montana ........................... 2,926,968,177 Vermont ................................ 394,801,183 Delaware .............................. 511,740,002 Vermont ........................... 2,475,013,138 Wyoming .............................. 317,060,230 Vermont ............................... 294,474,643 Delaware .......................... 2,293,482,828 Delaware .............................. 271,886,224 Wyoming ............................. 279,882,189 Wyoming ......................... 1,639,057,688

NORTHERN VA. ............. 35,424,163,945 NORTHERN VA..............36,713,300,985 NORTHERN VA...........189,440,165,265

Table 3 continuedFederal Procurement Spending - By StateDollars Obligated By Primary Contracts Received*

10

OFFICE OF ECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT STUDY Further empirical evidence of the unique standing Virginia occupies nationally comes from a recently-released report, prepared by the Office of Economic Adjustment (OEA) of the U.S. Department of Defense. The report, Defense Spending by State, Fiscal Year 2013 “... highlights factors, such as the reliance of regions on military bases or private contractors, which can be used to evaluate each state’s potential exposures to projected declines in defense spending.”

If states having the greatest military dependency can be assumed to face the most economic vul-nerability, Virginia stands first in line, based on OEA’s comparative state profiles. ___________________________________________________________

Table 4

Where Virginia Ranks Nationally on Selected Department of Defense Indicators Based on a Comparative Analysis of American States

USA Rank- Dollar amount spent by DoD in state in 2013 ....................................... 1- Percentage of total U.S. defense spending ............................................ 1- DoD spending per resident .................................................................... 2 - DoD spending as a share of state’s gross domestic product ................. 1- Number of defense personnel (military and civilian) in the state .......... 2- Payroll for defense personnel ................................................................ 1- Dollar value of DoD contract awards obligated .................................... 1

Source: Office of Economic Adjustment, U.S. Department of Defense, Defense Spending By State Fiscal Year 2013, published in 2015.

___________________________________________________________

No state in the United States has a larger share of its gross domestic product connected to De-partment of Defense activities than Virginia. Table 5 displays the rankings and statistical metrics, by state, for each of the respective defense indicators identified in the OEA report.

11

Dollar Amount Spent By DoD in State

% of Total U.S. Defense Spending

DoD Spending Per Resident

Share of Gross Domestic Product

Billions Percent Dollars Percent

UNITED STATES 460.6 UNITED STATES UNITED STATES 1,457 UNITED STATES 2.8

1 VIRGINIA 58.8 VIRGINIA 12.8 Wash. D.C. 9,685 VIRGINIA 13.1 2 California 54.8 California 11.9 VIRGINIA 7,115 Hawaii 10.9 3 Texas 46.0 Texas 10.0 Hawaii 5,795 Alaska 6.5 4 Maryland 21.6 Maryland 4.7 Alaska 5,237 Maryland 6.3 5 Florida 19.0 Florida 4.1 Connecticut 4,179 Connecticut 6.1 6 Connecticut 15.0 Connecticut 3.3 Maryland 3,638 Alabama 5.9 7 Georgia 13.9 Arizona 3.0 Alabama 2,335 Wash. D.C. 5.6 8 Arizona 13.7 Georgia 3.0 Arizona 2,071 Mississippi 5.4 9 Pennsylvania 13.1 Pennsylvania 2.8 Maine 2,056 Arizona 5.0 10 Washington 13.1 Washington 2.8 Missouri 2,006 Maine 5.0

11 Massachusetts 12.9 Massachusetts 2.8 Massachusetts 1,925 Kentucky 4.5 12 Missouri 12.1 Missouri 2.6 Mississippi 1,894 Missouri 4.4 13 Alabama 11.3 Alabama 2.5 Washington 1,874 South Carolina 3.9 14 North Carolina 11.2 North Carolina 2.4 Kentucky 1,859 New Mexico 3.7 15 New York 11.1 New York 2.4 Colorado 1,815 Colorado 3.3 16 Colorado 9.6 Colorado 2.1 Texas 1,739 Washington 3.2 17 Ohio 8.7 Ohio 1.9 New Mexico 1,634 Georgia 3.1 18 Kentucky 8.2 Kentucky 1.8 South Carolina 1,466 Texas 3.0 19 Hawaii 8.1 Hawaii 1.8 California 1,429 Massachusetts 2.9 20 New Jersey 7.6 New Jersey 1.7 Georgia 1,388 Utah 2.8

21 Illinois 7.3 Illinois 1.6 Utah 1,343 Kansas 2.6 22 South Carolina 7.0 South Carolina 1.5 New Hampshire 1,310 New Hampshire 2.6 23 Wisconsin 6.5 Wisconsin 1.4 Kansas 1,283 California 2.5 24 Wash. D.C. 6.3 Wash. D.C. 1.4 Rhode Island 1,260 Oklahoma 2.5 25 Indiana 5.8 Indiana 1.3 North Dakota 1,190 Rhode Island 2.5

1

Office of Economic Adjustment – Defense Spending by State, FY2013

Defense spenDing by statefiscal year 2013

U.S. Department of DefenseOffice of Economic Adjustment

How individual states rank among the fifty states “can be used to evaluate each state’s exposure to projected declines in defense spending.”

Defense Spending By State: Fiscal Year 2013Office of Economic Adjustment

Department of Defense

Table 5Defense Spending in the United States, by State, for Fiscal Year 2013How Virginia Compares Nationally

COMPARATIVE STATE RANKINGS: FY 2013

12

Defense Personnel(military and civilian)

Payroll for Defense Personnel (military and civilian)

Value of DoD Contract Awards Obligated

Number Billions Billions

UNITED STATES 285,594 UNITED STATES 142.4 UNITED STATES

1 California 285,594 VIRGINIA 17.3 VIRGINIA 41.5 2 VIRGINIA 254,343 California 15.4 California 39.4 3 Texas 227,574 Texas 11.0 Texas 35.0 4 North Carolina 152,042 Maryland 7.6 Connecticut 14.2 5 Georgia 135,757 North Carolina 7.6 Maryland 13.9 6 Florida 132,656 Florida 6.9 Florida 12.1 7 Washington 112,560 Georgia 6.7 Massachusetts 11.7 8 Maryland 95,578 Washington 6.3 Arizona 11.6 9 Hawaii 77,257 Hawaii 5.6 Missouri 10.4 10 Tennessee 72,196 Colorado 3.3 Pennsylvania 10.4

11 South Carolina 67,581 Alabama 3.2 New York 8.2 12 New York 66,838 Kentucky 3.0 Alabama 8.1 13 Kentucky 64,628 Ohio 2.9 Georgia 7.2 14 Colorado 62,749 New York 2.8 Washington 6.8 15 Ohio 60,999 Oklahoma 2.8 Colorado 6.2 16 Illinois 60,718 South Carolina 2.8 Wisconsin 5.9 17 Oklahoma 58,892 Pennsylvania 2.7 Ohio 5.8 18 Pennsylvania 58,736 Alaska 2.1 New Jersey 5.7 19 Alabama 55,574 Arizona 2.1 Illinois 5.2 20 Missouri 48,084 Illinois 2.1 Kentucky 5.1

21 Louisiana 45,663 Kansas 2.1 Wash. D.C. 4.8 22 Arizona 44,969 Louisiana 2.0 Indiana 4.6 23 Kansas 43,809 New Jersey 1.9 South Carolina 4.2 24 Mississippi 38,695 Missouri 1.7 Mississippi 4.1 25 New Jersey 35,847 Mississippi 1.6 North Carolina 3.6

virgiNiA#1 $58.8 BiLLiON spent in state #1 13.1% of state gDp 12.8 % of total U.s. Defense spenDing $7,115 per resiDent

CONTrACTSBy TypeResearch & Development: 10% Construction: 2%

Service: 61% Supplies &Equipment: 27%By Service

Army:

33%

Navy/Marines:

35%

Air Force: 9%

Other defense:

24%

Top Contractors

(M=millions B=billions)

Huntington Ingalls

$3.9 B

SAIC

$2.5 B

Booz Allen Hamilton Holding Corporation $2.0 B

Hewlett-Packard

$1.7 B

CACI International

$1.4 B

Lockheed Martin

$999.3 M

Atlantic Diving Supply

$978.3 M

General Dynamics

$714.3 M

MITRE

$669.7 M

ManTech International

$643.0 M

Value of Contract Awards Performed (Billions)

06

$29.8

07

$35.2

08

$40.3

09

$45.1

10

$43.6

11

$44.9

12

$44.3

13

$41.5

dEFENSE pErSONNEL$17.3 Billiontotal payroll254,343total personnel

Allocation, By Type

Reserve/National Guard: 12%

Active duty: 51%

Civilian: 37%

Top Personnel LocationsNorfolk City 41,380Fairfax County 30,818

Portsmouth City 19,289Virginia Beach City 16,569Prince William County 16,001Newport News City 13,376Arlington County 8,479

Hampton City 6,789Prince George County

5,981York County 4,732

TOp miLiTAry SpENdiNg LOCATiONS


Fairfax County$20.7 BNewport News City$5.7 B

Arlington County $5.2 BNorfolk City$4.0 BVirginia Beach City$3.0 BPrince William County $3.0 BAlexandria City$1.6 BLoudoun County$1.4 B

Portsmouth City$1.2 BChesapeake City$795.4 M

Sources: Defense Manpower Data Center, U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Census Bureau, and Chmura Economics & Analytics.

Sources: Defense Manpower Data Center, U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Census Bureau, and Chmura Economics & Analytics.

55


Virginia Beach City

Norfolk City

Fairfax County

Arlington CountyAlexandria City

Prince William County

Portsmouth City

Loudoun County

Chesapeake City

Newport News City

Table 5 continuedDefense Spending in the United States, by State, for Fiscal Year 2013How Virginia Compares Nationally





13

Dollar Amount Spent by DoD in State

% of Total U.S. Defense Spending

DoD Spending Per Resident

Share of Gross Domestic Product

Billions Percent Dollars Percent

UNITED STATES 418.4 UNITED STATES UNITED STATES 1,312 UNITED STATES 2.4

1 Virginia 54.7 Virginia 13.1 District of Columbia 9,924 Virginia 11.82 California 52.5 California 12.5 Virginia 6,567 Hawaii 9.93 Texas 39.6 Texas 9.5 Hawaii 5,352 Alabama 5.94 Maryland 19.6 Maryland 4.7 Alaska 4,576 District of Columbia 5.85 Florida 17.9 Florida 4.3 Maryland 3,287 Alaska 5.76 Pennsylvania 14.2 Pennsylvania 3.4 Connecticut 2,758 Maryland 5.77 Washington 12.7 Washington 3.0 Alabama 2,363 Mississippi 5.18 Georgia 12.2 Georgia 2.9 Kentucky 2,048 Kentucky 4.99 Massachusetts 12.1 Massachusetts 2.9 Rhode Island 1,948 Maine 4.410 Alabama 11.5 Alabama 2.7 Maine 1,855 Arizona 4.0

11 Arizona 11.2 Arizona 2.7 Mississippi 1,833 Connecticut 3.912 Missouri 11 Missouri 2.6 Missouri 1,809 Missouri 3.913 North Carolina 10.1 Connecticut 2.4 Massachusetts 1,793 Rhode Island 3.814 Connecticut 9.9 North Carolina 2.4 Washington 1,793 New Mexico 3.515 New York 9.6 New York 2.3 Colorado 1,717 South Carolina 3.316 Colorado 9.2 Colorado 2.2 Arizona 1,659 Washington 3.117 Kentucky 9 Kentucky 2.2 New Mexico 1,555 Colorado 3.018 Hawaii 7.6 Hawaii 1.8 Texas 1,468 Massachusetts 2.719 Ohio 7.2 Ohio 1.7 California 1,353 Georgia 2.620 New Jersey 6.6 District of Columbia 1.6 South Carolina 1,262 Texas 2.5

21 District of Columbia 6.5 New Jersey 1.6 Georgia 1,208 Kansas 2.422 South Carolina 6.1 South Carolina 1.5 Kansas 1,190 California 2.323 Illinois 5.6 Illinois 1.3 Utah 1,122 Oklahoma 2.324 Mississippi 5.5 Mississippi 1.3 Pennsylvania 1,112 Utah 2.325 Indiana 4.4 Indiana 1.1 Oklahoma 1,105 Florida 2.2

DEFENSE SPENDING BY STATEFISCAL YEAR 2014

U.S. Department of DefenseOffice of Economic Adjustment




Table 5Defense Spending in the United States, by State, for Fiscal Year 2014How Virginia Compares Nationally


14

Defense Personnel(military and civilian)

Payroll for Defense Personnel (military and civilian)

Value of DoD Contract Awards Obligated

Number Billions Billions

UNITED STATES 2,690,829 UNITED STATES 135.8 UNITED STATES 282.7

1 California 272,864 Virginia 16.6 Virginia 38.02 Virginia 242,936 California 14.6 California 37.93 Texas 217,674 Texas 10.6 Texas 29.04 North Carolina 145,324 North Carolina 7.1 Maryland 12.75 Georgia 130,690 Maryland 6.9 Pennsylvania 11.86 Florida 125,096 Florida 6.5 Florida 11.47 Washington 106,333 Georgia 6.3 Massachusetts 11.18 Maryland 91,978 Washington 5.8 Missouri 9.49 Hawaii 77,163 Hawaii 5.6 Arizona 9.210 Tennessee 71,442 Colorado 3.3 Connecticut 9.2

11 South Carolina 65,812 Alabama 3.1 Alabama 8.412 New York 63,546 Kentucky 3 New York 6.913 Colorado 62,859 Ohio 2.8 Washington 6.814 Ohio 59,457 New York 2.7 Kentucky 6.015 Kentucky 58,806 Oklahoma 2.7 Colorado 5.916 Pennsylvania 57,513 South Carolina 2.7 Georgia 5.917 Illinois 57,391 Pennsylvania 2.5 New Jersey 5.018 Oklahoma 55,509 District of Columbia 2.3 Ohio 4.319 Alabama 53,059 Illinois 2.2 District of Columbia 4.220 Kansas 43,299 Kansas 2.1 Mississippi 4.0

21 Arizona 43,185 Arizona 1.9 South Carolina 3.422 Louisiana 41,614 Alaska 1.8 Illinois 3.323 Missouri 41,569 Louisiana 1.8 Indiana 3.324 Mississippi 36,690 Missouri 1.6 Minnesota 3.225 New Jersey 33,469 New Jersey 1.6 North Carolina 3.0

VIRGINIA#1 $54.7 BILLION SPENT IN STATE #1 11.8% OF STATE GDP 13.1 % OF TOTAL U.S. DEFENSE SPENDING $6,567 PER RESIDENT

CONTRACTSBy TypeResearch & Development: 10% Construction: 2%

Service: 56%

Supplies &Equipment: 32%

Top Contractors


Huntington Ingalls

$3.5 B

Hewlett-Packard

$1.8 B

Booz Allen Hamilton Holding Corporation $1.6 B

SAIC

$1.6 B

CACI

$1.1 B

Lockheed Martin

$937.2 M

Exxon Mobil

$925.7 M

Atlantic Diving Supply

$882.9 M

BAE Systems

$743.1 M

Northrup Grumman

$645.3 M

Value of Contract Awards Performed (Billions)

$38.0

$40.4

$42.9$42.0$41.5$40.7

$37.9

$33.4

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

DEFENSE PERSONNEL$16.6 BillionTOTAL PAYROLL242,936TOTAL PERSONNEL

Top Personnel LocationsNorfolk City

40,296Fairfax County

29,826

Portsmouth City17,772

Virginia Beach City17,634

Prince William County15,349Newport News City12,497Arlington County8,238Hampton City5,885Prince George County5,053York County4,619

Ohio

Indiana

Virginia

Georgia

New York

Kentucky

Illinois

Alabama

Pennsylvania

Tennessee

North Carolina

Michigan

West Virginia

South Carolina

Massachusetts

§̈¦40

§̈¦90

§̈¦80

§̈¦65

§̈¦81

§̈¦70

§̈¦75

§̈¦26

§̈¦86

§̈¦94

§̈¦20

§̈¦95

§̈¦64

§̈¦99

§̈¦87

§̈¦69

§̈¦24

§̈¦79

§̈¦16

§̈¦71

§̈¦55

§̈¦76

§̈¦77

§̈¦495

§̈¦88

§̈¦43

§̈¦59

§̈¦96

§̈¦85

§̈¦196

§̈¦74

§̈¦390

§̈¦78

§̈¦84

§̈¦93§̈¦91

§̈¦476

§̈¦285

§̈¦395

§̈¦485

§̈¦270§̈¦295§̈¦83

§̈¦287

§̈¦185

§̈¦275

§̈¦195

§̈¦695

§̈¦490

§̈¦385

§̈¦276

§̈¦465

§̈¦469

§̈¦190

§̈¦180

§̈¦271

§̈¦540

§̈¦675

§̈¦795

§̈¦265

§̈¦290

§̈¦985

§̈¦164

§̈¦565

§̈¦475

§̈¦787§̈¦680

§̈¦481

§̈¦355

§̈¦279

§̈¦696

§̈¦140

§̈¦176

§̈¦581

§̈¦691§̈¦470

§̈¦471

§̈¦240

§̈¦585

§̈¦790

§̈¦381

§̈¦87

§̈¦94

§̈¦86

§̈¦140

§̈¦76

§̈¦76

§̈¦94

§̈¦95

§̈¦94

§̈¦275

§̈¦69

§̈¦79§̈¦70

§̈¦64

§̈¦195

§̈¦270

§̈¦86

§̈¦77

§̈¦40

§̈¦75

§̈¦20

§̈¦81

§̈¦77

§̈¦77

§̈¦74

§̈¦475

§̈¦295

§̈¦75

§̈¦64

§̈¦295

§̈¦81

§̈¦65

§̈¦69

§̈¦65

§̈¦295

§̈¦74

§̈¦271

§̈¦20

§̈¦675

§̈¦80

§̈¦90

Lake Erie

Lake Ontario

TOP DEFENSE SPENDING LOCATIONS


Fairfax County$19.1 BNewport News City$6.2 B

Arlington County$4.7 BNorfolk City$4.2 BPrince William County$2.6 BVirginia Beach City$2.5 BPortsmouth City$2.4 BAlexandria City$1.3 BLoudoun County$928.7 MHampton City$647.4 MSources: Defense Manpower Data Center, U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Census Bureau, and Chmura Economics & Analytics.

Fairfax County

Newport News City

Arlington County

Norfolk City

Prince William County

Virginia Beach City

Portsmouth City

Alexandria City

Loudoun County

Hampton City

Allocation, By TypeReserve/NationalGuard: 12%

Active duty: 51%

Civilian: 38%

By ServiceArmy:

26%Navy/Marines:

39%

Air Force: 9%

Other defense:

26%Fiscal Year 2014

55


Table 5 continuedDefense Spending in the United States, by State, for Fiscal Year 2014How Virginia Compares Nationally





15

JLARC STUDYThese data add empirical validation to a general impression that, during the economic downturn in Virginia in 2013, led the Virginia General Assembly to undertake a study on “The Size and Impact of Federal Spending in Virginia.” Prepared by the Joint Legislative Audit and Review Committee (JLARC), this study was a response to growing concern among lawmakers over the impact that sequestration and other military and federal spending cuts could have on Virginia’s economy and state budget.

Using FY 2010 as its benchmark year, the JLARC study looked at all of the major sources of federal revenue and activity in the Commonwealth, including:

- direct payments to individuals for retirement income and disability;- Medicare and Medicaid;- wages and salaries paid to military personnel and federal civilian employees stationed, or

living in Virginia;- formula and block grants to state and localities; and- assistance and project grants

What the JLARC study found was that federal spending in Virginia accounted for 20% of the state’s economy: 136 billion dollars of the total economic output of 700 billion dollars in 2010.

In 2012, the most recent year for which data was available for the JLARC study, federal spend-ing amounted to $16,600 for every person living in Virginia and $45,000 for every household, making Virginia, on a per capita basis, the largest recipient of federal aid of any state with the exception of Alaska, which, it is interesting to note, has a population of a 730,000, a number not much greater than that residing inside the Virginia portion of the Washington Metropolitan Beltway.

The major source of the economic infusion, the JLARC study emphasized, was DoD spending; for personnel but, more significantly, for procurement. The amount of federal procurement dol-lars pumped into the Virginia economy each year is of an unparalleled order of magnitude.

The federal government spent more than 58.3 billion dollars purchasing goods and services in Virginia in FY 2010, mainly from the private sector. This was twice the amount paid to Social Security and Disability recipients (28.3 billion) in 2010; about three times the amount paid for Medicare and Medicaid expenses(16.1 billion) and 2.8 times the amount paid for wages and sal-aries of federal civilian and military workers employed in Virginia (21.1 billion); and five times the amount going to the state and its localities for transportation, education and the vast array of other services and purposes the United States supports through the intergovernmental transfer of funds (12.2 billion) .

16

What Are The Procurement Trends? In The United States and State of Virginia

Table 6 presents graphs and federal procurement spending data for the United States and the State of Virginia from 2000 to 2014. The fifteen years of trend data include dollar amounts for three categories of procurement spending: total, defense and non-defense.

The spending trajectories of the U.S. and Virginia, depicted in the graphs, exhibit strong similari-ties that, descriptively, can be summarized in terms of three historical U.S. phases:

1) A “post-millennial spending binge” that began with 9/11, a traumatic national expe-rience that initiated an aggressive response on the part of the U.S. government. The terrorist attack was followed by large, multi-year increases in federal procurement spending, especially for the Department of Defense and the Department of Home-land Security, in response to worldwide terrorist threats and to wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. The procurement spending surge in the United States continued for a number of years, eventually crossing and peaking at more than a half-trillion dollars annually during the later half of the 2000 decade. By 2008, the U.S. entered a second phase.

2) A plateau phase, a subsequent period during which annual federal spending levels ceased climbing, fluctuating minimally, from one year to the next, around the his-torically high water mark of 540 billion dollars it had reached in 2008. This plateau stage ended, around 2011, when new political realities initiated a reversal of the momentum, from a stable spending course to:

3) A downward ascent, the most recent phase during which procurement spending took an abrupt, sharp downward turn in response to military disengagement, sequestra-tion, strong pressures to reduce the national deficit and unresolved political stale-mates. Although 2014 appears to have slowed and temporarily halted the downward turn, there is little expectation that the bottom has been reached. The looming threat of sequestration weighs heavily and negatively on the short and long-term direction of the future U.S. procurement spending trajectory.

Trends in United StatesWhen the new century began, in 2000, federal procurement spending for the U.S. Government stood at 205 billion dollars. By 2008, the figure crossed the half-trillion dollar threshold, reach-ing 540 billion, two and a half times what it had been eight years earlier, an annualized growth rate of 12.9 percent.

For five years (2008-2011), annual federal spending levels remained above the half-trillion dollar threshold, fluctuating around the 540 billion dollar figure, before beginning to drop significantly in 2012, picking up downward momentum in 2013 and again in 2014, before stopping at just over 400 billion dollars. On the way up and on the way down, it was primarily purchasing of goods and services by the Department of Defense that defined the trajectory and shape of the U.S. procurement spending curve.

17

—Federal Procurement Contracts — — Defense Contracts — — Non-Defense Contracts —

Amount Annual Change%

Chg. Amount Annual Change%


Chg.2000 205,547,710,996 2001 223,032,478,621 17,484,767,625 8.5 2002 264,141,588,309 41,109,109,688 18.4 2003 318,012,053,943 53,870,465,634 20.4 214,706,522,938 103,305,531,005 2004 346,130,091,838 28,118,037,895 8.8 233,387,421,809 18,680,898,871 8.7 112,742,670,029 9,437,139,024 9.1 2005 391,147,082,213 45,016,990,375 13.0 273,463,166,526 40,075,744,717 17.2 117,683,915,687 4,941,245,658 4.4 2006 430,517,618,863 39,370,536,650 10.1 302,848,538,090 29,385,371,564 10.7 127,669,080,773 9,985,165,086 8.5 2007 469,281,416,522 38,763,797,659 9.0 336,326,893,504 33,478,355,414 11.1 132,954,523,018 5,285,442,245 4.1 2008 541,173,668,319 71,892,251,797 15.3 399,858,955,049 63,532,061,545 18.9 141,314,713,270 8,360,190,252 6.3 2009 540,474,806,485 -698,861,834 -0.1 375,950,491,990 -23,908,463,059 -6.0 164,524,314,495 23,209,601,225 16.4 2010 540,322,132,480 -152,674,005 -0.0 370,919,712,757 -5,030,779,233 -1.3 169,402,419,723 4,878,105,228 3.0 2011 539,607,265,766 -714,866,714 -0.1 377,877,167,301 6,957,454,544 1.9 161,730,098,465 -7,672,321,258 -4.5 2012 518,356,913,411 -21,250,352,355 -3.9 364,447,699,726 -13,429,467,575 -3.6 153,909,213,685 -7,820,884,780 -4.8 2013 462,325,936,091 -56,030,977,320 -10.8 311,459,609,511 -52,988,090,215 -14.5 150,866,326,580 -3,042,887,105 -2.0 2014 401,218,636,989 -61,107,299,102 -13.2 245,278,641,004 -66,180,968,507 -21.2 155,939,995,985 5,073,669,405 3.4

Change2003-'11 221,595,211,823 69.7 163,170,644,363 76.0 58,424,567,460 56.62011-14 -138,388,628,777 -25.6 -132,598,526,297 -35.1 -5,790,102,480 -3.6

Table 6Federal Procurement Trends in the United States: 2000-2014Based on Primary Awards Obligated

500

400

300

200

100

0

All Federal Contracts

Defense Contracts

Non-Defense Contracts

2010

2008

2006

2002

2004

2000

2012

2014

billions

18

—Federal Procurement Contracts — — Defense Contracts — — Non-Defense Contracts —

Amount Annual Change%



Chg.2000 21,167,536,161 13,659,329,238 7,508,206,923 2001 26,003,749,657 4,836,213,496 22.8 18,449,109,699 4,789,780,461 35.1 7,554,639,958 46,433,035 0.6 2002 27,048,593,992 1,044,844,335 4.0 18,205,005,954 -244,103,745 -1.3 8,843,588,038 1,288,948,080 17.1 2003 30,764,267,114 3,715,673,121 13.7 20,034,004,653 1,828,998,698 10.0 10,730,262,461 1,886,674,423 21.3 2004 35,586,563,253 4,822,296,140 15.7 23,739,574,512 3,705,569,859 18.5 11,846,988,741 1,116,726,280 10.4 2005 38,122,125,161 2,535,561,907 7.1 26,852,366,560 3,112,792,048 13.1 11,269,758,601 -577,230,141 -4.9 2006 42,004,106,760 3,881,981,600 10.2 29,963,514,561 3,111,148,001 11.6 12,040,592,200 770,833,599 6.8 2007 46,503,704,936 4,499,598,176 10.7 34,118,272,115 4,154,757,554 13.9 12,385,432,821 344,840,622 2.9 2008 54,882,103,867 8,378,398,931 18.0 40,129,677,976 6,011,405,861 17.6 14,752,425,891 2,366,993,070 19.1 2009 55,191,727,294 309,623,427 0.6 39,243,545,577 -886,132,399 -2.2 15,948,181,717 1,195,755,826 8.1 2010 58,826,988,670 3,635,261,376 6.6 40,971,664,080 1,728,118,503 4.4 17,855,324,590 1,907,142,873 12.0 2011 60,131,817,627 1,304,828,958 2.2 42,797,454,797 1,825,790,717 4.5 17,334,362,830 -520,961,760 -2.9 2012 55,204,700,271 -4,927,117,356 -8.2 37,814,766,442 -4,982,688,355 -11.6 17,389,933,830 55,570,999 0.3 2013 51,093,724,968 -4,110,975,303 -7.4 33,467,051,305 -4,347,715,136 -11.5 17,626,673,663 236,739,833 1.4 2014 52,094,620,435 1,000,895,466 2.0 33,874,011,506 406,960,200 1.2 18,220,608,929 593,935,266 3.4

Change2003-’11 29,367,550,514 95.5 22,763,450,144 113.6 6,604,100,369 61.52011-’14 -8,037,197,193 -13.4 -8,923,443,291 -20.9 886,246,098 5.1

Table 6 continued

Federal Procurement Trends in Virginia: 2000-2014Based on Primary Awards Obligated

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

All Federal Contracts

Defense Contracts

Non-Defense Contracts

2010

2008

2006

2002

2004

2000

2012

2014

billions

Source: USAspending.gov

19

Trends in VirginiaVirginia mirrors the larger national trend, differing in year-to-year dynamics, but adhering to a spending trajectory similar to the United States.

First was a post-millennial spending binge, following in the aftermath of 9/11, that ran roughly from 2000 to 2008. It was characterized by large, record-breaking year-to-year increases in fed-eral procurement spending in the Commonwealth, as the United States government ramped up its purchasing of goods and services to meet burgeoning military and public safety responsibilities.

Federal procurement spending in Virginia grew from 21.2 billion in 2000 to 54.9 billion in 2008, a 32.7 billion dollar increase. Each year, the base amount increased and, in six of eight years, the base grew by a double-digit percentage increase, for an eight year annulaized growth rate of 11.6 percent.

After eight years of economic growth, the powerful momentum pushing procurement spending in Virginia impressively upward finally slowed in 2009, when the recorded year-to-year increase dropped to less than one percent. But the ascendancy upward resumed the following year, even-tually reaching an historic peak in 2011, when the amount of procurement spending in Virginia topped 60 billion dollars.

It was at this moment in time, that new political realities began taking hold in the United States, exerting strong downward pressure on procurement spending by the federal government.

In Virginia, the impact has already been substantial. Federal procurement spending in the state dropped from 60.1 billion dollars in 2011 to 51.1 billion in 2013, a 9 billion dollar, and twen-ty-one percent decrease in two years time. Countless newspaper stories, appearing in the Wash-ington Post, Richmond Times and other news sources, have written of the economic fallout, employment losses and budgetary implications of spending reductions of this magnitude.

In 2014, there was a slight rebound in the amount coming into Virginia, a two percent, one billion dollar increase from 2013 in the value of government contracts obligated to businesses located in Virginia. But the national political environment remains uncertain, with

20

Where Are Federal Procurement Dollars Being Spent In The State?It’s not enough to know how much federal money is being spent in Virginia? Not is it sufficient to know generally, as most people do, that a few metro areas in the Commonwealth receive a disproportionate share of the DoD and non-defense procurement pie.

What is important is the geographical “math,” the specifics of how much money is going to what metropolitan areas, counties and cities of the state? Both dimensions of geography — the where and the how much — are critical components of Virginia’s current defense-related infrastructure.

They are geographical realities, moreover, that legislators and state agencies in Richmond must factor into their deliberations when they are developing strategies to deal with BRAC; or when they are considering funding road improvements around Fort Belvoir or the Mark Center in Al-exandria; or when they are called upon to decide countless workforce and developmental issues. Virginia’s economic future is closely intertwined with what happens through the federal procure-ment process, and geography is a hugely relevant dimension, although, in Northern Virginia, it is not always fully acknowledged.

a. RegionallyTable 7 presents information, by region, on the dollar amount received from FY 2010 to 2014, the percentage of the state total each region’s amount represents, the annual average and the annual per capita rate. All of the information is available for three categories of procurement spending: total, defense and non-defense.

Of the 295 billion dollars spent by the U.S. Government in Virginia from 2010-2014, 286 billion, or ninety-two percent of the monies flowed into and through the economies of Northern Virginia and Hampton Roads. These two areas overwhelmingly serve as the locational gateways through which federal money is disbursed and, equally important, where the metropolitan labor force performs the contract work.

Northern Virginia, which has one of the largest, most highly educated and technologically ad-vanced workforces in the world, received 219 billion, seventy-five cents of every procurement dollar spent by the federal government.

Hampton Roads received 53 billion, or eighteen cents per dollar of spending. The remainder — 23 billion in spending, 8 cents on the dollar — was divided among the 19 other regions of Vir-ginia.

A similarly skewed geographical distribution is observable for defense contracts, with Hampton Road obtaining a larger increment. Of the 202 billion dollars spent by the Department of Defense in Virginia from 2010 through 2014, ninety-three percent of the five-year spending total passed through the combined Northern Virginia and Hampton Roads areas. Northern Virginia received 140 billion, sixty-nine cents of every DoD dollar; while Hampton Roads received 47.6 billion, or twenty-four cents of every DoD dollar.

21

NOTE: Dollar amounts presented in the following tables are based on five years of federal procurement spending in the Common-wealth of Virginia from FY 2010 through FY2014. The totals include both obligated primary and sub-contract award funds.

I. Total Federal Procurement Spending - Five Year Total (FY2010 through 2014)

DollarAmount

% of State

Yearly Average

Average Annual PerCapita Rate

VIRGINIA .......................................... 295,031,314,270 59,006,262,854 7,214

REGION

Northern Virginia ................................ 218,992,254,600 74.2 43,798,450,920 18,853

Hampton Roads .................................. 52,979,867,329 18.0 10,595,973,466 6,422

George Washington Regional ............. 5,171,220,581 1.8 1,034,244,116 3,062

Richmond Regional ............................ 4,242,282,614 1.4 848,456,523 829

Region 2000 ........................................ 3,658,989,133 1.2 731,797,827 2,858

Crater .................................................. 2,030,605,603 0.7 406,121,121 2,329

Thomas Jefferson ................................ 1,453,130,161 0.5 290,626,032 1,206

Roanoke Valley-Alleghany ................. 1,008,229,190 0.3 201,645,838 728

New River Valley ................................ 912,010,235 0.3 182,402,047 1,011

Accomack-Northampton ..................... 881,356,937 0.3 176,271,387 3,850

Southside ............................................. 847,408,717 0.3 169,481,743 1,973

Northern Shenandoah Valley .............. 757,981,306 0.3 151,596,261 671

Rappahannock-Rapidan ...................... 658,646,264 0.2 131,729,253 780

Central Shenandoah ............................ 563,738,232 0.2 112,747,646 386

Northern Neck .................................... 269,241,623 0.1 53,848,325 1,063

Mount Rogers ..................................... 242,239,748 0.1 48,447,950 250

West Piedmont .................................... 192,769,773 0.1 38,553,955 155

LENOWISCO ..................................... 48,198,693 0.0 9,639,739 103

Commonwealth Regional Council ...... 47,679,856 0.0 9,535,971 91

Middle Peninsula ................................ 41,088,106 0.0 8,217,621 90

Cumberland Plateau ............................ 14,201,582 0.0 2,840,316 25

Unassigned ......................................... 18,173,987 0.0 3,634,797

Northern Virginia\Hampton Roads ..... 271,972,121,929 92.2 54,394,424,386 13,690

Rest of Virginia ................................... 23,041,018,354 7.8 4,608,203,671 1,095.69

Source: USAspending.gov

Table 7Where the Procurement Money Goes - By Recipient Region Five Year Totals - By Type of Spending

22

II. Defense-Related Procurement Spending - Five Year Total (FY2010 through 2014)

DollarAmount

% of State

Yearly Average


STATE OF VIRGINIA 202,652,134,658 40,530,426,932 4,955

REGION

Northern Virginia ................................ 139,953,033,949 69.1 27,990,606,790 12,048

Hampton Roads ................................... 47,641,554,266 23.5 9,528,310,853 5,775

George Washington Regional ............. 4,514,554,320 2.2 902,910,864 2,673

Richmond Regional ............................ 3,046,202,354 1.5 609,240,471 595

Crater .................................................. 1,785,405,096 0.9 357,081,019 2,048

Region 2000 ........................................ 1,364,222,462 0.7 272,844,492 1,066

Thomas Jefferson ................................ 1,255,592,762 0.6 251,118,552 1,042

New River Valley ................................ 817,371,624 0.4 163,474,325 906

Roanoke Valley-Alleghany ................. 690,685,933 0.3 138,137,187 498

Central Shenandoah ............................ 437,094,970 0.2 87,418,994 300

Northern Neck ..................................... 244,597,080 0.1 48,919,416 966

Accomack-Northampton ..................... 222,799,584 0.1 44,559,917 973

Mount Rogers ..................................... 186,867,285 0.1 37,373,457 193

West Piedmont .................................... 142,748,485 0.1 28,549,697 115

Northern Shenandoah Valley .............. 95,026,337 0.0 19,005,267 84

Rappahannock-Rapidan ...................... 86,442,594 0.0 17,288,519 102

Southside ............................................. 76,682,532 0.0 15,336,506 179

Commonwealth Regional Council ...... 41,146,631 0.0 8,229,326 79

Middle Peninsula ................................ 27,881,748 0.0 5,576,350 61

Cumberland Plateau ............................ 3,429,657 0.0 685,931 6

LENOWISCO ..................................... 3,053,836 0.0 610,767 7

Unassigned .......................................... 15,741,151 0.0 3,148,230


Rest of Virginia ................................... 15,041,805,292 7.4 3,008,361,058 715

Table 7 continued

23

III. Non-Defense Procurement Spending - Five Year Total (FY2010 through 2014)

DollarAmount

% of State

Yearly Average


STATE OF VIRGINIA 92,379,179,613 18,475,835,923 2,258.95

REGION

Northern Virginia ................................ 79,039,220,651 85.6 15,807,844,130 6,804.32

Hampton Roads ................................... 5,338,313,063 5.8 1,067,662,613 647.08

Region 2000 ........................................ 2,294,766,671 2.5 458,953,334 1,792.42

Richmond Regional ............................. 1,196,080,260 1.3 239,216,052 233.66

Southside ............................................. 770,726,185 0.8 154,145,237 1,794.64

Northern Shenandoah Valley .............. 662,954,969 0.7 132,590,994 586.49

Accomack-Northampton ..................... 658,557,353 0.7 131,711,471 2,876.88

George Washington Regional ............. 656,666,261 0.7 131,333,252 388.77

Rappahannock-Rapidan ...................... 572,203,670 0.6 114,440,734 677.77

Roanoke Valley-Alleghany ................. 317,543,257 0.3 63,508,651 229.14

Crater .................................................. 245,200,507 0.3 49,040,101 281.25

Thomas Jefferson ................................ 197,537,399 0.2 39,507,480 163.91

Central Shenandoah ............................ 126,643,262 0.1 25,328,652 86.82

New River Valley ................................ 94,638,611 0.1 18,927,722 104.92

Mount Rogers ..................................... 55,372,463 0.1 11,074,493 57.18

West Piedmont .................................... 50,021,288 0.1 10,004,258 40.16

LENOWISCO ..................................... 45,144,857 0.0 9,028,971 96.30

Northern Neck ..................................... 24,644,543 0.0 4,928,909 97.31

Middle Peninsula ................................ 13,206,359 0.0 2,641,272 28.87

Cumberland Plateau ............................ 10,771,925 0.0 2,154,385 19.01

Commonwealth Regional Council ...... 6,533,224 0.0 1,306,645 12.46

Unassigned .......................................... 2,432,836 0.0 486,567


Rest of Virginia ................................... 7,999,213,063 8.7 1,599,842,613 380

Table 7 continued

24

Non-defense spending, the findings reveal, is almost entirely concentrated in Northern Virginia, which accounted for 79 of the 92.3 billion dollars spent by the U.S. government in Virginia from 2010 through 2014. This represents eighty-six percent of the total obligated by U.S. agencies for non-defense purposes. Hampton Roads received 5.3 billion over the same five-year period, six percent of the total.

Although this study did not assemble comparative state-by-state data on non-defense procure-ment spending, it is instructive to note that information from the Consolidated Federal Funds Report for Fiscal Year 2010 — the last year this publication was compiled and disseminated by the U.S. Census Bureau — revealed that Virginia ranked first in the nation, among the fifty states, in the amount of non-defense procurement dollars it received. It would not be unreasonable to assume a similar pattern may exist today.

While the per capita federal spending rate is $7,214 for Virginia, (when averaged over a five year period), the average per capita rate in Northern Virginia is $18,853. This rate is three times that found in the Hampton Roads Area ($6,422), which has the second highest per capita spending rate in the state. If Northern Virginia is removed from the calculation of a statewide per capita rate, the statewide figure drops from a yearly average of $7,214 to $2,597.

The per capita rate for defense spending reveals a similarly wide but slightly smaller spread among regions of the state, with Northern Virginia receiving $12,503 per capita annually, com-pared to $2,175 per capita for the rest of the Commonwealth.The per capita rate in Hampton Roads is $5,861.

If Northern Virginia Were a State, How Would It Rank Nationally?

If Northern Virginia figures are disaggregated from statewide totals, a revealing picture can be observed of the special role that Northern Virginia plays, in the United States and in the Com-monwealth, as a “favored” place of business for procurement purchasing by the United States Government.

Table 8 shows the outcome when Virginia is divided into two separate geographical entities: Northern Virginia and the rest of the state. Were it a separate state, Northern Virginia would rank second in the nation, behind only California in the amount of federal procurement dollars it was awarded during the past five years. In three of the five years, it ranked second and in two of the years it ranked third, behind Texas.

The 123 counties and 20 regions comprising the remaining geographical area of Virginia collec-tively would have ranked seventh in the nation in the amount of procurement spending it re-ceived, a status, presumably, that can traced to higher levels of procurement spending in support of the military presence in the Tidewater area.

25

Table 8Where Northern Virginia Would Rank Nationally If it Were An Individual StateDollars Obligated By Primary Contracts Received*

--- FY 2010 --- --- FY 2011 --- --- FY 2012 --- Dollars Dollars DollarsCalifornia ...........................56,283,211,154 California ............................53,035,786,036 California ........................ 51,966,299,112NORTHERN VA ................40,445,584,262 NORTHERN VA.................39,458,184,404 Texas ............................... 38,205,689,208Texas ..................................38,581,201,832 Texas ...................................38,895,094,214 NORTHERN VA.............37,398,931,669Maryland ............................26,288,822,278 Maryland ............................26,192,453,908 Maryland ........................ 27,320,271,803District of Columbia ..........21,324,828,690 REST OF VIRGINIA .........20,673,633,223 Pennsylvania ................... 18,850,814,225Pennsylvania ......................18,574,096,607 District of Columbia ...........19,842,934,300 District of Columbia ....... 18,744,207,622REST OF VIRGINIA .........18,380,876,839 Pennsylvania .......................19,239,890,947 REST OF VIRGINIA ..... 17,805,747,494Florida ................................17,223,757,335 Massachusetts .....................16,765,738,128 Florida ............................ 15,463,334,844Massachusetts ....................15,584,705,498 Florida ................................16,423,836,830 Massachusetts ................. 15,143,044,709New York ...........................12,809,586,263 Arizona ...............................14,378,395,392 Missouri ..........................15,126,281,977

UNITED STATES ............477,685,172,222 UNITED STATES ............476,609,783,309 UNITED STATES ........ 456,236,855,614VIRGINIA ..........................58,826,461,101 VIRGINIA ..........................60,131,817,627 VIRGINIA ...................... 55,204,679,163

--- FY 2013--- --- FY 2014 --- --- FY 2010-2014 ---

Dollars Dollars DollarsCalifornia ...........................47,660,841,799 California ............................45,918,374,523 California ...................... 254,864,512,624Texas ..................................39,021,295,635 NORTHERN VA.................36,713,300,985 NORTHERN VA........... 189,440,165,265NORTHERN VA. ...............35,424,163,945 Texas ...................................29,230,065,120 Texas ............................. 183,933,346,009Maryland ............................25,682,858,679 Maryland ............................27,709,339,185 Maryland ...................... 133,193,745,853District of Columbia ..........16,792,402,691 District of Columbia ...........18,795,354,353 District of Columbia ....... 95,499,727,656Pennsylvania ......................16,181,931,712 Pennsylvania .......................16,662,027,552 Pennsylvania ................... 89,508,761,044REST OF VIRGINIA .........15,669,633,366 REST OF VIRGINIA .........15,381,073,245 REST OF VIRGINIA ..... 87,910,964,167Massachusetts ....................14,576,538,764 Connecticut .........................13,687,284,353 Florida ............................ 76,753,991,817Florida ................................14,086,194,343 Florida ................................13,556,868,464 Massachusetts ................. 74,649,919,460Arizona ...............................12,391,154,996 Massachusetts .....................12,579,892,360 Arizona ........................... 64,500,121,667

UNITED STATES ............407,486,825,683 UNITED STATES ............404,649,034,230 UNITED STATES .....2,222,667,671,058VIRGINIA ..........................51,093,797,311 VIRGINIA ..........................52,094,374,230 VIRGINIA .................... 277,351,129,432

* The dollar amounts shown in this table were downloaded from USAspending.gov, which does not make an adjustment, by State, for money coming into and leaving the state through the sub-award process. The figures are based on money obligated through primary contract awards only. The Virginia and Northern Virginia amounts, therefore, differ from dollar figures presented in other tables of this report, which are based on a merging of the two separate federal reporting systems.

On the three pages that follow, there is a table (Table 9) displaying five years of history, by year, of federal procurement spending in the twenty one regions of the Commonwealth. The detailed regional data is presented, along with other tables in this section of the report, as a reference source for anyone wishing to trace total, defense and non-defense spending among regions of the state over the course of the turbulent, up and down economic cycle of the past five years. It is also presented to illustrate the wealth of detailed information that can be derived from the US-Aspending.gov website, if an effort is made.

26

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cont

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Tabl

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cont

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29

b. LocallyAbout ninety percent (equal to 261 billion dollars) of federal procurement spending in Virgin-ia from 2010 through 2014 occurred in ten jurisdictions, all of them counties and cities located in Northern Virginia and the Hampton Roads area. In order, based on obligated contract award dollars, are Fairfax County, Arlington County, the city of Newport News, the City of Norfolk, Loudoun County, Prince William County, the City of Alexandria, Virginia Beach, and the Cities of Portsmouth and Hampton.

Fairfax County, alone, accounts for a staggering 131 billion dollars of the 295 billion awarded in Virginia from 2010 through 2014. This amount, forty-five percent of the statewide total, is a sum of money greater than that received by all but four states during the last half decade: Virginia, California, Texas and Maryland. On average, Fairfax County’s allotment comes an annual infu-sion of more than 26.2 billion, or $23,730 annually per county resident.

There were four counties and four cities in Virginia that averaged more than 2 billion annually in procurement spending by the federal government within their jurisdictions. In descending order, based on amount, they are Fairfax County (26.2), Arlington County (8.9), City of Newport News (3.3), City of Norfolk (2.9), Loudoun County (2.7), Prince William County (2.4), City of Alexan-dria (2.3) and the City of Virginia Beach (2.0).6

Although Fairfax County, by a huge amount, was the location receiving the most procurement dollars, there were a few localities exceeding them on a per capita basis. Following is a list of the top 10 localities with the highest per capita procurement spending rates in the state.

__________________________________________________________________________________

Table 10

Localities Having Highest Annual Per Capita Rates of Federal Procurement SpendingBased on Average for Five Year Period from FY2010 through FY2010

Total Procurement Defense Procurement Non-Defense Procurement

Annual Per Capita Per Capita Per Capita

1 King George County ........ 70,022 King George County ........ 69,879 Arlington County .......... 18,848 2 Arlington County .............. 40,852 Falls Church City ............. 31,152 Fairfax County ................ 7,545 3 Falls Church City ............. 32,294 Arlington County ............. 22,005 Alexandria City ............... 7,048 4 Fairfax County .................. 23,731 Newport News City ......... 16,875 Lynchburg City ................ 5,737 5 Newport News City .......... 17,911 Fairfax County ................. 16,186 Mecklenburg County ....... 4,744 6 Alexandria City ................ 15,715 Manassas City .................. 14,547 Fairfax City ..................... 4,429 7 Manassas City .................. 15,373 Norfolk City ..................... 11,447 Accomack County ........... 3,867 8 Norfolk City ..................... 11,868 Prince George County ....... 9,411 Loudoun County.............. 2,500 9 Fairfax City ...................... 10,259 Alexandria City ................. 8,667 Clarke County ................. 2,456 10 Prince George County ........ 9,658 Portsmouth City ................. 8,429 Hampton City .................. 2,051

__________________________________________________________________________________

6 The number in parentheses are average annual procurement awards received by the respective jurisdictions

30

Dollars% of State

Yearly Average

Avg. Ann. Per Capita

Federal Procurement Spending

1 Fairfax Co. 131,192,483,924 44.5 26,238,496,785 23,730 2 Arlington Co. 44,691,762,818 15.1 8,938,352,564 40,650 3 Newport News City 16,333,323,079 5.5 3,266,664,616 17,913 4 Norfolk City 14,549,531,470 4.9 2,909,906,294 11,872 5 Loudoun Co. 13,285,156,934 4.5 2,657,031,387 7,888 6 Prince William Co. 11,970,548,191 4.1 2,394,109,638 5,673 7 Alexandria City 11,553,263,695 3.9 2,310,652,739 15,665 8 Virginia Beach City 10,077,278,398 3.4 2,015,455,680 4,523 9 Portsmouth City 4,552,600,968 1.5 910,520,194 9,428 10 Hampton City 3,442,137,503 1.2 688,427,501 4,982

Sub-Total 261,648,086,980 88.6

Defense Spending

1 Fairfax Co. 86,860,894,290 41.6 17,372,178,858 15,7112 Arlington Co. 21,978,320,770 10.5 4,395,664,154 19,9913 Newport News City 15,325,073,700 7.3 3,065,014,740 16,8074 Norfolk City 13,888,712,119 6.6 2,777,742,424 11,3335 Prince William Co. 10,651,417,225 5.1 2,130,283,445 5,0486 Virginia Beach City 9,292,267,457 4.4 1,858,453,491 4,1707 Loudoun Co. 9,024,718,630 4.3 1,804,943,726 5,3588 Alexandria City 5,949,922,954 2.8 1,189,984,591 8,0679 Portsmouth City 3,985,544,996 1.9 797,108,999 8,25410 Manassas City 2,874,015,973 1.4 574,803,195 14,416

Sub-Total 179,830,888,114 85.9

Non-Defense Spending

1 Fairfax Co. 44,331,589,634 52 8,866,317,927 8,0192 Arlington Co. 22,713,442,048 26 4,542,688,410 20,6593 Alexandria City 5,603,340,741 7 1,120,668,148 7,5974 Loudoun Co. 4,260,438,304 5 852,087,661 2,5295 Lynchburg City 2,206,699,207 3 441,339,841 5,7366 Hampton City 1,722,388,143 2 344,477,629 2,4937 Prince William Co. 1,319,130,966 2 263,826,193 6258 Newport News City 1,008,249,379 1 201,649,876 1,1069 Virginia Beach City 785,010,941 1 157,002,188 35210 Mecklenburg Co. 769,224,658 1 153,844,932 4,752

Sub-Total 84,719,514,021 100.0

Table 11Top Ten Receipient Counties and CitiesDollars Obligated By Primary Contracts Received*

Based on Five Years of Procurement Spending

31

Dollars% of State

Yearly Average


1 Fairfax Co. 131,192,483,924 44.5 26,238,496,785 23,730 2 Arlington Co. 44,691,762,818 15.1 8,938,352,564 40,650 3 Newport News City 16,333,323,079 5.5 3,266,664,616 17,913 4 Norfolk City 14,549,531,470 4.9 2,909,906,294 11,872 5 Loudoun Co. 13,285,156,934 4.5 2,657,031,387 7,888 6 Prince William Co. 11,970,548,191 4.1 2,394,109,638 5,673 7 Alexandria City 11,553,263,695 3.9 2,310,652,739 15,665 8 Virginia Beach City 10,077,278,398 3.4 2,015,455,680 4,523 9 Portsmouth City 4,552,600,968 1.5 910,520,194 9,428 10 Hampton City 3,442,137,503 1.2 688,427,501 4,982

11 Manassas City 3,039,786,612 1.0 607,957,322 15,247 12 King George Co. 2,506,810,513 0.8 501,362,103 69,810 13 Lynchburg City 2,380,532,172 0.8 476,106,434 6,188 14 Chesapeake City 2,119,889,866 0.7 423,977,973 1,851 15 Falls Church City 2,047,569,013 0.7 409,513,803 31,625 16 Prince George Co. 1,737,716,310 0.6 347,543,262 9,657 17 Henrico Co. 1,616,522,835 0.5 323,304,567 1,030 18 Stafford Co. 1,243,118,418 0.4 248,623,684 1,863 19 Hanover Co. 1,224,107,331 0.4 244,821,466 2,416 20 Fairfax City 1,202,348,863 0.4 240,469,773 10,222

21 Albemarle Co. 1,183,361,838 0.4 236,672,368 2,329 22 Campbell Co. 1,124,655,150 0.4 224,931,030 4,059 23 Spotsylvania Co. 1,063,260,498 0.4 212,652,100 1,705 24 Suffolk City 1,022,133,053 0.3 204,426,611 2,351 25 Mecklenburg Co. 822,333,909 0.3 164,466,782 5,080 26 Accomack Co. 821,879,680 0.3 164,375,936 4,910 27 York Co. 721,987,725 0.2 144,397,545 2,172 28 Richmond City 704,285,735 0.2 140,857,147 675 29 Chesterfield Co. 664,884,190 0.2 132,976,838 411 30 Fauquier Co. 574,074,144 0.2 114,814,829 1,732

31 Radford City 511,499,922 0.2 102,299,984 6,072 32 Roanoke Co. 428,979,803 0.1 85,795,961 923 33 Roanoke City 408,407,542 0.1 81,681,508 832 34 Montgomery Co. 339,362,849 0.1 67,872,570 708 35 Frederick Co. 278,045,866 0.1 55,609,173 693 36 Rockingham Co. 242,912,286 0.1 48,582,457 625 37 Charlottesville City 232,320,530 0.1 46,464,106 1,021 38 Caroline Co. 224,463,272 0.1 44,892,654 1,539 39 Smyth Co. 208,713,625 0.1 41,742,725 1,301 40 Petersburg City 185,717,726 0.1 37,143,545 1,135

41 Clarke Co. 178,332,342 0.1 35,666,468 2,511 42 Lancaster Co. 174,306,377 0.1 34,861,275 3,063 43 Harrisonburg City 159,248,814 0.1 31,849,763 625 44 Page Co. 150,034,908 0.1 30,006,982 1,244 45 Salem City 144,289,115 0.0 28,857,823 1,148 46 Fredericksburg City 133,567,879 0.0 26,713,576 1,011 47 Danville City 99,030,784 0.0 19,806,157 459 48 Bedford Co. 96,017,157 0.0 19,203,431 266 49 Augusta Co. 84,488,286 0.0 16,897,657 228 50 Winchester City 78,427,568 0.0 15,685,514 586

51 Greensville Co. 65,609,527 0.0 13,121,905 1,099 52 James City Co. 63,518,081 0.0 12,703,616 183 53 Northampton Co. 59,477,258 0.0 11,895,452 966 54 Culpeper Co. 49,850,224 0.0 9,970,045 209 55 Amherst Co. 47,958,553 0.0 9,591,711 295 56 Northumberland Co. 47,245,331 0.0 9,449,066 762 57 Westmoreland Co. 46,833,460 0.0 9,366,692 531 58 Patrick Co. 45,102,371 0.0 9,020,474 484 59 Isle of Wight Co. 43,426,047 0.0 8,685,209 242 60 Henry Co. 41,048,699 0.0 8,209,740 153

61 Warren Co. 40,967,053 0.0 8,193,411 215 62 Williamsburg City 39,138,418 0.0 7,827,684 537 63 Lee Co. 38,620,194 0.0 7,724,039 301 64 Rockbridge Co. 34,429,477 0.0 6,885,895 309 65 Pulaski Co. 34,024,464 0.0 6,804,893 196 66 Louisa Co. 33,891,854 0.0 6,778,371 200 67 Shenandoah Co. 32,173,570 0.0 6,434,714 151 68 Nottoway Co. 25,730,698 0.0 5,146,140 323 69 Colonial Heights City 23,781,223 0.0 4,756,245 274 70 Botetourt Co. 23,751,030 0.0 4,750,206 142

Dollars% of State

Yearly Average


71 Brunswick Co. 23,302,968 0.0 4,660,594 269 72 Giles Co. 23,213,353 0.0 4,642,671 267 73 Charles City Co. 21,557,607 0.0 4,311,521 595 74 Lexington City 17,887,853 0.0 3,577,571 493 75 Gloucester Co. 14,991,689 0.0 2,998,338 81 76 Bristol City 14,574,752 0.0 2,914,950 164 77 Prince Edward Co. 14,317,498 0.0 2,863,500 122 78 Rappahannock Co. 13,506,952 0.0 2,701,390 364 79 Buena Vista City 12,938,747 0.0 2,587,749 381 80 Mathews Co. 11,830,061 0.0 2,366,012 266

81 Hopewell City 11,634,750 0.0 2,326,950 102 82 Orange Co. 10,626,081 0.0 2,125,216 62 83 Madison Co. 10,588,863 0.0 2,117,773 158 84 Poquoson City 9,993,092 0.0 1,998,618 164 85 Manassas Park City 9,334,550 0.0 1,866,910 126 86 Goochland Co. 9,138,670 0.0 1,827,734 85 87 Carroll Co. 8,708,391 0.0 1,741,678 58 88 Bedford City 8,221,884 0.0 1,644,377 444 89 Wise Co. 8,153,430 0.0 1,630,686 40 90 Washington Co. 6,810,825 0.0 1,362,165 25

91 Russell Co. 6,638,067 0.0 1,327,613 46 92 King and Queen Co. 6,473,077 0.0 1,294,615 80 93 Bath Co. 5,093,640 0.0 1,018,728 214 94 Middlesex Co. 4,952,357 0.0 990,471 90 95 Southampton Co. 4,916,038 0.0 983,208 52 96 Tazewell Co. 4,401,497 0.0 880,299 20 97 Franklin Co. 4,170,518 0.0 834,104 15 98 Staunton City 4,088,052 0.0 817,610 34 99 Buckingham Co. 3,965,903 0.0 793,181 46 100 Floyd Co. 3,909,647 0.0 781,929 50

101 Surry Co. 3,898,040 0.0 779,608 112 102 Amelia Co. 3,059,337 0.0 611,867 48 103 King William Co. 2,710,279 0.0 542,056 23 104 Waynesboro City 2,552,477 0.0 510,495 24 105 Covington City 2,180,678 0.0 436,136 70 106 Dickenson Co. 2,106,575 0.0 421,315 27 107 Pittsylvania Co. 1,998,090 0.0 399,618 6 108 Fluvanna Co. 1,894,702 0.0 378,940 15 109 Halifax Co. 1,771,838 0.0 354,368 10 110 Appomattox Co. 1,604,217 0.0 320,843 21

111 Sussex Co. 1,492,309 0.0 298,462 25 112 Grayson Co. 1,487,926 0.0 297,585 19 113 Martinsville City 1,315,487 0.0 263,097 19 114 Scott Co. 1,149,170 0.0 229,834 10 115 Buchanan Co. 1,055,444 0.0 211,089 9 116 Alleghany Co. 948,967 0.0 189,793 12 117 New Kent Co. 943,628 0.0 188,726 10 118 Nelson Co. 915,334 0.0 183,067 12 119 Wythe Co. 878,141 0.0 175,628 6 120 Richmond Co. 856,454 0.0 171,291 19

121 Powhatan Co. 842,619 0.0 168,524 6 122 Bland Co. 780,253 0.0 156,051 23 123 Greene Co. 745,903 0.0 149,181 8 124 Emporia City 384,342 0.0 76,868 13 125 Cumberland Co. 381,232 0.0 76,246 8 126 Dinwiddie Co. 371,378 0.0 74,276 3 127 Galax City 285,834 0.0 57,167 8 128 Norton City 275,899 0.0 55,180 14 129 Essex Co. 130,644 0.0 26,129 2 130 Charlotte Co. 110,062 0.0 22,012 2

131 Highland Co. 98,599 0.0 19,720 9 132 Franklin City 97,413 0.0 19,483 2 133 Lunenburg Co. 26,495 0.0 5,299 0 134 Craig Co. -239,315 -0.0 -47,863 -9

Table 12Where the Procurement Money Goes - By Recipient Counties and Cities in Virginia Based on Five Years of Procurement Spending

I. Federal Procurement Spending - Five Year Total (FY2010 through 2014)

32

Dollars% of State

Yearly Average


1 Fairfax Co. 86,860,894,290 41.6 17,372,178,858 15,7112 Arlington Co. 21,978,320,770 10.5 4,395,664,154 19,9913 Newport News City 15,325,073,700 7.3 3,065,014,740 16,8074 Norfolk City 13,888,712,119 6.6 2,777,742,424 11,3335 Prince William Co. 10,651,417,225 5.1 2,130,283,445 5,0486 Virginia Beach City 9,292,267,457 4.4 1,858,453,491 4,1707 Loudoun Co. 9,024,718,630 4.3 1,804,943,726 5,3588 Alexandria City 5,949,922,954 2.8 1,189,984,591 8,0679 Portsmouth City 3,985,544,996 1.9 797,108,999 8,25410 Manassas City 2,874,015,973 1.4 574,803,195 14,416

11 King George Co. 2,483,367,940 1.2 496,673,588 69,15712 Falls Church City 1,921,377,027 0.9 384,275,405 29,67613 Chesapeake City 1,809,398,023 0.9 361,879,605 1,58014 Hampton City 1,719,749,360 0.8 343,949,872 2,48915 Prince George Co. 1,514,271,381 0.7 302,854,276 8,41516 Hanover Co. 1,216,557,630 0.6 243,311,526 2,40117 Campbell Co. 1,095,382,168 0.5 219,076,434 3,95318 Albemarle Co. 1,093,252,516 0.5 218,650,503 2,15119 Suffolk City 985,519,172 0.5 197,103,834 2,26720 Henrico Co. 962,326,045 0.5 192,465,209 613

21 Spotsylvania Co. 961,465,933 0.5 192,293,187 1,54222 Stafford Co. 761,618,068 0.4 152,323,614 1,14223 Fairfax City 684,772,455 0.3 136,954,491 5,82224 Chesterfield Co. 623,026,246 0.3 124,605,249 38525 York Co. 510,758,254 0.2 102,151,651 1,53626 Radford City 507,498,756 0.2 101,499,751 6,02427 Roanoke Co. 379,668,872 0.2 75,933,774 81728 Roanoke City 295,906,002 0.1 59,181,200 60229 Montgomery Co. 261,842,333 0.1 52,368,467 54630 Richmond City 225,123,580 0.1 45,024,716 216

31 Caroline Co. 220,360,193 0.1 44,072,039 1,51132 Rockingham Co. 184,015,367 0.1 36,803,073 47433 Smyth Co. 176,821,432 0.1 35,364,286 1,10234 Petersburg City 175,455,988 0.1 35,091,198 1,07235 Accomack Co. 174,563,686 0.1 34,912,737 1,04336 Lynchburg City 173,832,965 0.1 34,766,593 45237 Lancaster Co. 165,555,734 0.1 33,111,147 2,91038 Harrisonburg City 137,217,375 0.1 27,443,475 53939 Charlottesville City 129,611,375 0.1 25,922,275 57040 Bedford Co. 90,610,975 0 18,122,195 251

41 Fredericksburg City 87,742,186 0 17,548,437 66442 Fauquier Co. 72,995,100 0 14,599,020 22043 Greensville Co. 65,353,113 0 13,070,623 1,09544 Danville City 62,117,302 0 12,423,460 28845 Augusta Co. 56,129,070 0 11,225,814 15146 Mecklenburg Co. 53,109,251 0 10,621,850 32847 Northampton Co. 48,235,898 0 9,647,180 78448 James City Co. 48,106,043 0 9,621,209 13849 Westmoreland Co. 43,299,029 0 8,659,806 49150 Patrick Co. 42,387,665 0 8,477,533 455

51 Isle of Wight Co. 37,446,827 0 7,489,365 20852 Frederick Co. 37,422,158 0 7,484,432 9353 Winchester City 36,474,773 0 7,294,955 27354 Northumberland Co. 35,670,752 0 7,134,150 57555 Henry Co. 34,272,731 0 6,854,546 12856 Louisa Co. 30,673,504 0 6,134,701 18157 Rockbridge Co. 28,146,720 0 5,629,344 25358 Pulaski Co. 27,814,480 0 5,562,896 16059 Williamsburg City 27,365,022 0 5,473,004 37660 Colonial Heights City 23,425,242 0 4,685,048 269

61 Nottoway Co. 23,372,432 0 4,674,486 29362 Brunswick Co. 22,485,635 0 4,497,127 25963 Lexington City 17,683,418 0 3,536,684 48864 Giles Co. 17,012,815 0 3,402,563 19665 Charles City Co. 14,025,401 0 2,805,080 38766 Prince Edward Co. 13,116,650 0 2,623,330 11267 Gloucester Co. 11,345,398 0 2,269,080 6168 Botetourt Co. 8,668,729 0 1,733,746 5269 Mathews Co. 7,700,276 0 1,540,055 17370 Manassas Park City 7,594,625 0 1,518,925 102

Table 12 continuedII. Defense Spending - Five Year Total (FY2010 through 2014

Dollars% of State

Yearly Average


71 Buena Vista City 7,479,895 0 1,495,979 22072 Carroll Co. 7,227,602 0 1,445,520 4973 Poquoson City 7,035,901 0 1,407,180 11574 Warren Co. 6,504,931 0 1,300,986 3475 Page Co. 6,170,160 0 1,234,032 5176 Madison Co. 6,035,636 0 1,207,127 9077 Middlesex Co. 4,685,930 0 937,186 8578 Goochland Co. 4,652,970 0 930,594 4379 Southampton Co. 4,615,252 0 923,050 4980 Salem City 4,493,339 0 898,668 36

81 Clarke Co. 4,469,767 0 893,953 6382 Bath Co. 4,431,035 0 886,207 18683 Shenandoah Co. 3,984,548 0 796,910 1984 Surry Co. 3,856,910 0 771,382 11185 Culpeper Co. 3,807,450 0 761,490 1686 Buckingham Co. 3,509,046 0 701,809 4187 Floyd Co. 3,203,240 0 640,648 4188 Franklin Co. 3,166,982 0 633,396 1189 Orange Co. 2,647,445 0 529,489 1690 Bedford City 2,386,225 0 477,245 129

91 King William Co. 2,154,608 0 430,922 1892 Amherst Co. 1,984,314 0 396,863 1293 King and Queen Co. 1,962,977 0 392,595 2494 Hopewell City 1,961,776 0 392,355 1795 Dickenson Co. 1,803,140 0 360,628 2396 Waynesboro City 1,752,994 0 350,599 1797 Covington City 1,637,642 0 327,528 5398 Wise Co. 1,634,039 0 326,808 899 Fluvanna Co. 1,395,317 0 279,063 11100 Grayson Co. 1,357,943 0 271,589 17

101 Halifax Co. 1,087,647 0 217,529 6102 Tazewell Co. 1,057,088 0 211,418 5103 Rappahannock Co. 956,963 0 191,393 26104 Scott Co. 949,832 0 189,966 8105 Amelia Co. 821,589 0 164,318 13106 Sussex Co. 799,744 0 159,949 13107 Washington Co. 671,597 0 134,319 2108 Alleghany Co. 668,222 0 133,644 8109 Greene Co. 606,689 0 121,338 6110 Pittsylvania Co. 594,439 0 118,888 2

111 Buchanan Co. 562,401 0 112,480 5112 Lee Co. 469,965 0 93,993 4113 Dinwiddie Co. 268,637 0 53,727 2114 Galax City 265,833 0 53,167 7115 New Kent Co. 253,429 0 50,686 3116 Bristol City 251,195 0 50,239 3117 Powhatan Co. 237,054 0 47,411 2118 Staunton City 229,362 0 45,872 2119 Martinsville City 209,366 0 41,873 3120 Wythe Co. 189,234 0 37,847 1

121 Cumberland Co. 119,003 0 23,801 2122 Charlotte Co. 96,827 0 19,365 2123 Bland Co. 82,450 0 16,490 2124 Richmond Co. 71,565 0 14,313 2125 Nelson Co. 53,360 0 10,672 1126 Essex Co. 32,559 0 6,512 1127 Appomattox Co. 25,816 0 5,163 0128 Lunenburg Co. 22,454 0 4,491 0129 Emporia City 12,306 0 2,461 0130 Highland Co. 9,735 0 1,947 1

131 Russell Co. 7,028 0 1,406 0132 Norton City - - - - 133 Franklin City -37,862 0 -7,572 -1134 Craig Co. -268,242 0 -53,648 -10

33

Table 12 continuedIII. Non-Defense Spending - Five Year Total (FY2010 through 2014

Dollars% of State

Yearly Average


1 Fairfax Co. 44,331,589,634 52 8,866,317,927 8,0192 Arlington Co. 22,713,442,048 26 4,542,688,410 20,6593 Alexandria City 5,603,340,741 7 1,120,668,148 7,5974 Loudoun Co. 4,260,438,304 5 852,087,661 2,5295 Lynchburg City 2,206,699,207 3 441,339,841 5,7366 Hampton City 1,722,388,143 2 344,477,629 2,4937 Prince William Co. 1,319,130,966 2 263,826,193 6258 Newport News City 1,008,249,379 1 201,649,876 1,1069 Virginia Beach City 785,010,941 1 157,002,188 35210 Mecklenburg Co. 769,224,658 1 153,844,932 4,752

11 Norfolk City 660,819,351 1 132,163,870 53912 Henrico Co. 654,196,790 1 130,839,358 41713 Portsmouth City 567,055,972 1 113,411,194 1,17414 Fairfax City 517,576,408 1 103,515,282 4,40015 Fauquier Co. 501,079,044 1 100,215,809 1,51216 Stafford Co. 481,500,350 1 96,300,070 72217 Richmond City 479,162,154 1 95,832,431 45918 Chesapeake City 310,491,843 0 62,098,369 27119 Frederick Co. 240,623,707 0 48,124,741 59920 Prince George Co. 223,444,929 0 44,688,986 1,242

21 York Co. 211,229,471 0 42,245,894 63522 Clarke Co. 173,862,575 0 34,772,515 2,44823 Manassas City 165,770,639 0 33,154,128 83224 Page Co. 143,864,748 0 28,772,950 1,19325 Salem City 139,795,776 0 27,959,155 1,11326 Falls Church City 126,191,986 0 25,238,397 1,94927 Roanoke City 112,501,540 0 22,500,308 22928 Charlottesville City 102,709,154 0 20,541,831 45129 Spotsylvania Co. 101,794,565 0 20,358,913 16330 Albemarle Co. 90,109,322 0 18,021,864 177

31 Montgomery Co. 77,520,517 0 15,504,103 16232 Rockingham Co. 58,896,919 0 11,779,384 15233 Roanoke Co. 49,310,931 0 9,862,186 10634 Culpeper Co. 46,042,774 0 9,208,555 19335 Amherst Co. 45,974,240 0 9,194,848 28336 Fredericksburg City 45,825,692 0 9,165,138 34737 Winchester City 41,952,795 0 8,390,559 31438 Chesterfield Co. 41,857,944 0 8,371,589 2639 Lee Co. 38,150,229 0 7,630,046 29740 Danville City 36,913,482 0 7,382,696 171

41 Suffolk City 36,613,881 0 7,322,776 8442 Accomack Co. 34,912,737 0 6,982,547 20943 Warren Co. 34,462,122 0 6,892,424 18144 Smyth Co. 31,892,193 0 6,378,439 19945 Campbell Co. 29,272,982 0 5,854,596 10646 Augusta Co. 28,359,216 0 5,671,843 7747 Shenandoah Co. 28,189,021 0 5,637,804 13248 King George Co. 23,442,573 0 4,688,515 65349 Harrisonburg City 22,031,439 0 4,406,288 8650 James City Co. 15,412,038 0 3,082,408 44

51 Botetourt Co. 15,082,301 0 3,016,460 9052 Bristol City 14,323,557 0 2,864,711 16153 Rappahannock Co. 12,549,989 0 2,509,998 33854 Williamsburg City 11,773,396 0 2,354,679 16255 Northumberland Co. 11,574,579 0 2,314,916 18756 Northampton Co. 11,241,359 0 2,248,272 18357 Petersburg City 10,261,738 0 2,052,348 6358 Hopewell City 9,672,974 0 1,934,595 8559 Lancaster Co. 8,750,644 0 1,750,129 15460 Orange Co. 7,978,637 0 1,595,727 47

61 Hanover Co. 7,549,701 0 1,509,940 1562 Charles City Co. 7,532,207 0 1,506,441 20863 Henry Co. 6,775,968 0 1,355,194 2564 Russell Co. 6,631,039 0 1,326,208 4665 Wise Co. 6,519,391 0 1,303,878 3266 Rockbridge Co. 6,282,757 0 1,256,551 5667 Pulaski Co. 6,209,984 0 1,241,997 3668 Giles Co. 6,200,538 0 1,240,108 7169 Washington Co. 6,139,228 0 1,227,846 2270 Isle of Wight Co. 5,979,220 0 1,195,844 33

Dollars% of State

Yearly Average


71 Bedford City 5,835,660 0 1,167,132 31572 Buena Vista City 5,458,853 0 1,091,771 16173 Bedford Co. 5,406,182 0 1,081,236 1574 Madison Co. 4,553,227 0 910,645 6875 King and Queen Co. 4,510,100 0 902,020 5676 Goochland Co. 4,485,700 0 897,140 4277 Mathews Co. 4,129,785 0 825,957 9378 Caroline Co. 4,103,080 0 820,616 2879 Radford City 4,001,165 0 800,233 4780 Staunton City 3,858,691 0 771,738 32

81 Gloucester Co. 3,646,291 0 729,258 2082 Westmoreland Co. 3,534,431 0 706,886 4083 Tazewell Co. 3,344,409 0 668,882 1584 Louisa Co. 3,218,350 0 643,670 1985 Poquoson City 2,957,192 0 591,438 4886 Patrick Co. 2,714,706 0 542,941 2987 Nottoway Co. 2,358,266 0 471,653 3088 Amelia Co. 2,237,749 0 447,550 3589 Manassas Park City 1,739,925 0 347,985 2390 Appomattox Co. 1,578,401 0 315,680 21

91 Carroll Co. 1,480,790 0 296,158 1092 Pittsylvania Co. 1,403,651 0 280,730 493 Prince Edward Co. 1,200,848 0 240,170 1094 Martinsville City 1,106,121 0 221,224 1695 Franklin Co. 1,003,537 0 200,707 496 Nelson Co. 861,974 0 172,395 1197 Brunswick Co. 817,333 0 163,467 998 Waynesboro City 799,484 0 159,897 899 Richmond Co. 784,889 0 156,978 17100 Floyd Co. 706,407 0 141,281 9

101 Bland Co. 697,803 0 139,561 21102 Sussex Co. 692,565 0 138,513 11103 New Kent Co. 690,199 0 138,040 7104 Wythe Co. 688,907 0 137,781 5105 Halifax Co. 684,192 0 136,838 4106 Bath Co. 662,604 0 132,521 28107 Powhatan Co. 605,565 0 121,113 4108 King William Co. 555,671 0 111,134 5109 Covington City 543,036 0 108,607 18110 Fluvanna Co. 499,385 0 99,877 4

111 Buchanan Co. 493,043 0 98,609 4112 Buckingham Co. 456,857 0 91,371 5113 Emporia City 372,036 0 74,407 12114 Colonial Heights City 355,981 0 71,196 4115 Dickenson Co. 303,434 0 60,687 4116 Southampton Co. 300,786 0 60,157 3117 Alleghany Co. 280,744 0 56,149 4118 Norton City 275,899 0 55,180 14119 Middlesex Co. 266,426 0 53,285 5120 Cumberland Co. 262,229 0 52,446 5

121 Greensville Co. 256,414 0 51,283 4122 Lexington City 204,435 0 40,887 6123 Scott Co. 199,338 0 39,868 2124 Greene Co. 139,214 0 27,843 1125 Franklin City 135,275 0 27,055 3126 Grayson Co. 129,984 0 25,997 2127 Dinwiddie Co. 102,741 0 20,548 1128 Essex Co. 98,085 0 19,617 2129 Highland Co. 88,864 0 17,773 8130 Surry Co. 41,130 0 8,226 1

131 Craig Co. 28,927 0 5,785 1132 Galax City 20,001 0 4,000 1133 Charlotte Co. 13,235 0 2,647 0134 Lunenburg Co. 4,041 0 808 0

34

Selected Other County and City HighlightsAbout ninety percent (equal to 261 billion dollars) of federal procurement spending in Virginia from 2010 through 2014 occurred in ten jurisdictions, all of them counties and cities located in Northern Virginia and the Hampton Roads area. In order, based on obligated contract award dol-lars, they are Fairfax County, Arlington County, the City of Newport News, the City of Norfolk, Loudoun County, Prince William County, the City of Alexandria, Virginia Beach, and the Cities of Portsmouth and Hampton.

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Tabl

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of T

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6 9

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pton

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Tabl

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folk

City

12,

878

2,4

93,4

15,6

39

4.6

7

1.3

Nor

folk

City

11,

485

2,3

38,5

77,3

25

6.4

7

2.2

Loud

oun

Co.

3,7

32

1,0

60,6

49,8

81

5.9

83.

3 5

Lou

doun

Co.

9,7

82

2,2

48,4

74,6

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4.1

7

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Prin

ce W

illia

m C

o. 5

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1

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5

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3 Ly

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City

303

5

16,4

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2.9

86.

2 6

Ale

xand

ria C

ity 8

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2

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3

.9

79.

3 V

irgin

ia B

each

City

11,

474

1,6

63,2

58,7

49

4.5

8

1.8

Ham

pton

City

1,6

05

248

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,720

1

.4 8

7.6

7 P

rince

Will

iam

Co.

7,5

70

2,0

94,4

58,3

02

3.8

8

3.1

Loud

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Co.

6,0

50

1,1

87,8

24,7

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3.2

8

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Prin

ce W

illia

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o. 2

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2

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Virg

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Bea

ch C

ity 1

2,61

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3

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5 A

lexa

ndria

City

3,2

20

1,0

20,3

41,2

28

2.8

8

7.9

Virg

inia

Bea

ch C

ity 1

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1

77,5

93,7

55

1.0

89.

8 9

Por

tsm

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City

6,1

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703

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1

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87.

7 Po

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outh

City

4,8

98

588

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1

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89.

5 N

ewpo

rt N

ews C

ity 5

61

175

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1

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0.7

10

Lync

hbur

g C

ity 5

83

542

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1

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88.

7 M

anas

sas C

ity 8

35

460

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1

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90.

7 N

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lk C

ity 1

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1

54,8

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6

11

Ham

pton

City

4,8

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89.

6 K

ing

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rge

Co.

1,8

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ccom

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Co.

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1

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4 1

2 M

anas

sas C

ity 1

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4

83,9

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9

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Prin

ce G

eorg

e C

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3

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Mec

klen

burg

Co.

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1

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2 1

3 K

ing

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rge

Co.

1,9

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438

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0

.8

91.

3 C

hesa

peak

e C

ity 3

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2

89,7

82,0

50

0.8

9

3.5

Hen

rico

Co.

1,2

55

127

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0

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3.9

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Prin

ce G

eorg

e C

o. 2

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3

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Ham

pton

City

3,2

09

240

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0

.7

94.

2 Fa

uqui

er C

o. 7

8 1

21,1

32,5

30

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6 1

5 C

hesa

peak

e C

ity 3

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3

46,2

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29

0.6

9

2.6

Alb

emar

le C

o. 9

07

196

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0

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94.

7 Po

rtsm

outh

City

1,2

39

114

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0

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5.2

16

Fairf

ax C

ity 1

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2

88,7

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Fairf

ax C

ity 6

56

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City

464

1

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8 1

7 A

lbem

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Co.

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0

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93.

5 Su

ffolk

City

2,1

04

172

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7 R

ichm

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City

1,1

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96.

3 1

8 Yo

rk C

o. 1

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2

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54,0

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3.9

Falls

Chu

rch

City

308

1

72,0

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0.5

9

6.2

Staf

ford

Co.

647

6

7,43

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4 0

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ford

Co.

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rk C

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ity 7

35

56,

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579

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0 2

0 Fa

lls C

hurc

h C

ity 3

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182

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rd C

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129

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rk C

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3

FY 2

014

VIR

GIN

IA 2

02,0

09 5

8,40

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IRG

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129

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GIN

IA 7

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Fai

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Co.

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City

5,6

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New

port

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s City

5,2

06

3,7

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8.9

New

port

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s City

4,6

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3,5

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82,5

17

8.8

6

7.7

Loud

oun

Co.

3,9

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934

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5

.0 8

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5 A

lexa

ndria

City

8,6

97

2,3

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7

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Prin

ce W

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m C

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5 Pr

ince

Will

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Co.

2,0

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411

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2

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5.8

6 P

rince

Will

iam

Co.

7,1

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2,3

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Virg

inia

Bea

ch C

ity 1

3,41

5 1

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1 Ly

nchb

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City

224

2

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Virg

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Bea

ch C

ity 1

4,84

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3

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80.

2 Po

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outh

City

4,7

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Ham

pton

City

1,4

64

241

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1

.3 8

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5 A

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City

3,0

27

1,0

56,5

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2.6

8

3.4

Nor

folk

City

1,1

47

219

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1

.2 8

9.6

9 P

orts

mou

th C

ity 5

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1

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2

.8

86.

3 Lo

udou

n C

o. 9

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9

94,7

98,4

19

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8

5.9

New

port

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s City

541

2

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49

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8 1

0 H

enric

o C

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9

88,1

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8

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Cam

pbel

l Co.

584

8

64,9

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2.2

8

8.1

Virg

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Bea

ch C

ity 1

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7

11

Cam

pbel

l Co.

642

8

68,3

96,0

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8

9.5

Hen

rico

Co.

493

8

64,7

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72

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9

0.3

Ports

mou

th C

ity 1

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1

54,4

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6 1

2 C

hesa

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e C

ity 4

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6

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Che

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3,4

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1

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7 R

ichm

ond

City

1,2

09

129

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3.3

13

Ham

pton

City

4,3

88

489

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0

.8

91.

5 M

anas

sas C

ity 6

43

463

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1

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92.

9 H

enric

o C

o. 1

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1

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9 1

4 M

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ity 7

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3 K

ing

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rge

Co.

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426

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Co.

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5 K

ing

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rge

Co.

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0

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Co.

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ity 2

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ford

Co.

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1

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95.

7 1

7 Ly

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City

414

2

80,7

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4.1

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le C

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1

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2 1

8 St

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rd C

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ity 8

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0

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96.

2 Fr

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ick

Co.

407

8

3,94

7,41

0 0

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6.6

19

Alb

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le C

o. 1

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1

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81,4

51

0.3

9

4.8

Rad

ford

City

174

1

45,9

04,8

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0.4

9

6.6

Fairf

ax C

ity 4

33

74,

942,

082

0.4

97.

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0 R

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City

1,5

36

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1 H

anov

er C

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0,74

0 1

16,3

51,0

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9

6.9

Che

sape

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City

657

6

4,59

0,31

0 0

.3 9

7.4

Tabl

e 13

con

tinue

d

38

Five

Yea

r Tot

al

% o

f

FY 2

010

FY 2

011

FY 2

012

FY 2

013

FY 2

014

FY 2

010-

2014

M

SA

Fe

dera

l Pro

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men

t Spe

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904

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530,

725

4

0,79

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1

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2

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4

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189,

411,

567

4

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ity ...

......

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......

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2,61

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7

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17,5

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4M

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ity ...

......

......

......

......

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11,2

15,5

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5

61,3

72,1

72

483

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4

76,1

27,7

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3,0

39,7

86,6

12

1.4

Falls

Chu

rch

City

......

......

......

......

.. 66

9,84

5,15

0

692

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4

30,2

24,1

48

182

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7

2,32

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5

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47,5

69,0

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1.0

Fairf

ax C

ity ...

......

......

......

......

......

.. 25

6,38

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9

242

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2

39,9

17,1

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288

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1

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Man

assa

s Par

k C

ity ...

......

......

......

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3,7

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110

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7

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9,3

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OU

TER

SU

BU

RB

S ...

......

......

......

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48,4

88,7

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5

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98,3

55

564

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3

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5St

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rd C

ount

y ....

......

......

......

......

. 257

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2

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43

327

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1

96,4

60,7

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214

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1

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ia C

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y ....

......

......

.....

226,

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191

2

56,3

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273

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1

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1

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......

......

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7

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7

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401

2

8,24

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2

8,3

10,7

84

178

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0.

1Fr

eder

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burg

City

......

......

......

......

. 14,

184,

840

3

0,61

7,67

7

16,

122,

988

2

8,90

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9

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1

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Cul

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r Cou

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......

......

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4,6

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9,6

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04

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1

2,22

5,96

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49,

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0.

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n C

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y ....

......

......

......

......

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6,7

85,9

55

15,

467,

367

5

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6

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7

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4

0,96

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Rap

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......

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03,6

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97

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1

3,50

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Def

ense

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MSA

(VA

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tion)

.....

......

......

. 29,

922,

144,

316

3

2,13

5,08

5,07

1

29,

241,

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164

2

5,82

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2

24,

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1

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NO

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ERN

VIR

GIN

IA ...

......

29,

550,

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213

3

1,68

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2,48

9

28,

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104,

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Tabl

e 14

Proc

urem

ent S

pend

ing

in th

e N

orth

ern

Vir

gini

a Po

rtio

n of

the

Was

hing

ton

D.C

. MSA

Am

ount

s By

Year

and

Typ

e of

Pro

cure

men

t Spe

ndin

g

39

Five

Yea

r Tot

al

% o

f

FY 2

010

FY 2

011

FY 2

012

FY 2

013

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014

FY 2

010-

2014

M

SA

D

efen

se S

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Con

tiued

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TER

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00

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Tabl

e 14

con

tinue

d

40

What Federal Agencies Are Spending The Money?Federal Agency Funding Sources

Just as it is important to know and to monitor how much federal procurement money is being spent in Virginia and, where geographically the monies are going, it is equally important to know and to monitor U.S. governmental sources from whence the monies flow. Like getting a periodic health check-up, part of the necessary routine for ensuring healthy economic growth and output is to monitor “system indicators” and, when problems arise, to devise strategies to deal with the situation. One such indicator is: where is the money coming from - specifically, how much mon-ey and from what departments, agencies, bureaus, independent authorities and commissions and other organizational entities of the vast U.S. Government bureaucracy. Also, it is prudent to know where in the federal funding stream the 9.1 billion dollar reduction in procurement spending, that jolted Virginia’s gross domestic product from 2011 to 2013, had its origin. What were the agency sources?

Following are data tables and some highlighted findings to answer these questions. The first, Table 15 provides a condensed, summary listing of major funding sources while the second, Ta-ble 16, provides a detailed breakdown of more than 200 federal departments, agencies and other governmental entities purchasing goods and services from the private sector in Virginia over the past five years. In both tables, the information is compiled for the State of Virginia and for its two primary recipient regions: Northern Virginia and the Hampton Roads areas which, together, accounted for 271.9 billion of the 295.0 billion dollars (92.2 percent) spent by the U.S. Govern-ment in Virginia from 2010 through 2014.

NOTABLE FINDINGS:Almost seventy percent (68.7%) of procurement spending in Virginia, as noted in an earlier section of the report, was by the Department of Defense, 202.7 billion of the 295 billion dollars statewide. Non-defense spending accounted for 92.4 billion, 31.3 percent of the total.

The five largest purchasers of goods and services from the private sector in Virginia over the past five years were all from the Department of Defense. In order they are:

Amount Percent of all (Billions) Procurement

Department of the Navy 69.0 23.4Department of the Army 68.3 23.2Department of the Air Force 18.6 6.3Defense Logistics Agency 13.5 4.6Defense Informations Systems Agency (DISA) 13.4 4.5

Combined they spent 182.8 billion dollars, sixty-two percent of procurement purchases made by the U.S. government in Virginia from 2010 through 2014. Their share of total DoD procurement spending was ninety percent.

41

U.S. Department Funding AgencyAmount(Billions)

Percent of Total

I. STATE OF VIRGINIA Total Procurement Funding 295.0 Defense-Related 202.7 68.7 Non-Defense Related 92.4 31.3

15 Major Funding Agencies 227.7 77.2 Defense Dept of the Navy 69.0 23.4 Defense Dept of the Army 68.3 23.2 Defense Dept of the Air Force 18.6 6.3 Defense Defense Logistics Agency 13.5 4.6 Defense Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) 13.4 4.5 Health And Human Services Centers For Medicare and Medicaid Services 6.1 2.1 Transportation Federal Aviation Administration 5.8 2.0 General Services Administration Federal Acquisition Service 5.2 1.8 Homeland Security Transportation Security Administration 5.2 1.8 Homeland Security U.S. Customs and Border Protection 4.3 1.5 Homeland Security Office of Procurement Operations 4.1 1.4 Independent Agencies Agency For International Development 3.8 1.3 Defense USTRANSCOM 3.7 1.2 Defense Washington Headquarters Services (WHS) 3.4 1.1 Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation 3.3 1.1

II. NORTHERN VIRGINIA Total Procurement Funding 219.0 Defense-Related 140.0 63.9 Non-Defense Related 79.0 36.1

15 Major Funding Agencies 164.3 75.0 Defense Dept of the Army 57.5 26.2 Defense Dept of the Navy 30.8 14.1 Defense Dept of the Air Force 16.4 7.5 Defense Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) 12.7 5.8 Defense Defense Logistics Agency 5.6 2.6 Health And Human Services Centers For Medicare and Medicaid Services 5.6 2.5 Transportation Federal Aviation Administration 5.5 2.5 Homeland Security Transportation Security Administration 5.1 2.3 General Services Administration Federal Acquisition Service 4.7 2.1 Homeland Security U.S. Customs and Border Protection 4.1 1.9 Independent Agencies Agency For International Development 3.8 1.7 Defense Washington Headquarters Services (WHS) 3.4 1.5 Homeland Security Office of Procurement Operations 3.3 1.5 Defense USTRANSCOM 3.1 1.4 Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation 2.7 1.2

Table 15Summary List of Major Federal Funding Agencies

42

The five largest purchasers of non-defense related goods and services from the private sector in Virginia, in order of procurement spending levels, are:

Amount Percent of all (Billions) Procurement

Centers For Medicare and Medicaid Services 6.1 2.1(Department of Health and Human Services)

Federal Aviation Administration 5.8 2.0(Department of Transportation)

Federal Acquisition Service 5.2 1.8(General Services Administration)

Transportation Security Administration 5.2 1.8(Department of Homeland Security)

U.S. Customs and Border Protection 4.3 1.5(Department of Homeland Security)

__________________________________________________________________________________

Military procurement spending in Virginia is approximately three times greater in Northern Virginia than in the Hampton Roads area, a little know fact that is seldom reflected in commen-tary on the military presence in Virginia. Of the 202.7 billion dollars spent by the Department of Defense during the five-year time span, 140 billion, or sixty-nine percent of the statewide total was for contract purchasing in Northern Virginia, compared to 47.6 billion, or 23.5 percent of the statewide total for the same functional purposes in the Hampton Roads area.

U.S. Department Funding AgencyAmount(Billions)

Percent of Total

III. HAMPTON ROADS Total Procurement FundingDefense-Related 47.6Non-Defense Related

15 Major Funding AgenciesDefense Dept of the Navy 33.8 63.8Defense Defense Logistics Agency 4.9 9.2Defense Dept of the Army 4.7 8.9Defense Dept of the Air Force 1.9 3.6Defense Defense Commissary Agency (DECA) 1.5 2.8Independent Agencies National Aeronautics and Space Administration 1.2 2.2Homeland Security U.S. Coast Guard 1.0 1.9Defense USTRANSCOM 0.5 1Transportation Maritime Administration 0.3 0.5General Services Administration Federal Acquisition Service 0.3 0.5General Services Administration Federal Acquisition Service 0.2 0.3General Services Administration Public Buildings Service 0.2 0.3Defense Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) 0.2 0.3Homeland Security U.S. Customs and Border Protection 0.2 0.3Defense U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) 0.1 0.3

Table 15 continued

43

Dollar amounts are based on federal procurement spending (primary and sub-contract awards) in Virginia from FY 2010-2014.

—Virginia — —Northern Virginia — —Hampton Roads —

Amount Amount% of State Amount

% of State

Combined Percent

FEDERAL PROCUREMENT SPENDING (Total) 295,031,314,266 218,992,254,602 74.2 52,979,867,330 18.0 92.2

I. DEFENSE, Department of 202,652,134,656 139,953,033,950 69.1 47,641,554,266 23.5 92.6

Dept of the Army 68,310,598,315 57,451,123,607 84.1 4,696,587,392 6.9 91.0

Dept of the Navy 69,001,603,910 30,794,992,591 44.6 33,810,662,872 49.0 93.6

Dept of the Air Force 18,570,027,971 16,375,160,812 88.2 1,910,893,856 10.3 98.5

Air Combat Command 598,984 0.0 598,984 100.0 100.0

Business Transformation Agency 95,446,658 94,101,222 98.6 529,075 0.6 99.1

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) 1,687,552,554 1,634,973,284 96.9 15,862,318 0.9 97.8

Defense Commissary Agency (DECA) 2,130,521,171 369,330,581 17.3 1,477,810,616 69.4 86.7

Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA) -18,326,221 -108,493,993 592.0 -21,305,471 116.3 708.3

Defense Finance and Accounting Service (DFAS) 202,736,663 201,565,748 99.4 613,011 0.3 99.7

Defense Health Agency (DHA) 752,820,483 743,071,081 98.7 230,265 0.0 98.7

Defense Human Resources Activity 494,026,480 493,637,064 99.9 233,779 0.0 100.0

Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) 13,371,866,835 12,683,485,176 94.9 153,345,862 1.1 96.0

Defense Logistics Agency 13,524,990,118 5,641,833,586 41.7 4,859,684,468 35.9 77.6

Defense Media Activity (DMA) 133,994,835 131,428,536 98.1 2,083,163 1.6 99.6

Defense Media Center (DMC) 133,681,500 132,391,416 99.0 67,468 0.1 99.1

Defense Microelectronics Activity (DMEA) 44,406,851 40,791,620 91.9 3,615,231 8.1 100.0

Defense Security Cooperation Agency 106,929,363 101,839,358 95.2 107,566 0.1 95.3

Defense Security Service 335,348,354 335,062,134 99.9 196,454 0.1 100.0

Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) 2,313,626,148 2,259,270,088 97.7 11,221,374 0.5 98.1

Dept of Defense 277,656,451 207,870,573 74.9 43,978,623 15.8 90.7

Dept of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA) 163,798,142 159,292,994 97.2 539,577 0.3 97.6

Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization (JIEDDO)

152,677,582 150,660,425 98.7 715,157 0.5 99.1

Missile Defense Agency (MDA) 1,039,525,920 1,025,329,787 98.6 1,383,315 0.1 98.8

National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) 869,174 0.0 869,174 100.0 100.0

National Security Agency/Central Security Service 157,101 157,101 100.0 0.0 100.0

Tricare Management Activity (TMA) 719,950,540 715,008,875 99.3 181,257 0.0 99.3

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - Civil Program Financing Only

3,037,977 1,635,038 53.8 1,229,342 40.5 94.3

U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) 2,037,877,970 1,812,644,776 88.9 141,359,555 6.9 95.9

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS)

4,162,290 3,419,106 82.1 66,215 1.6 83.7

USTRANSCOM 3,676,987,352 3,145,754,306 85.6 524,974,430 14.3 99.8

Virginia Contracting Agency 140,241 35,586 25.4 104,655 74.6 100.0

Washington Headquarters Services (WHS) 3,382,842,944 3,355,661,472 99.2 3,114,683 0.1 99.3

Table 16Where the Money Is Coming FromA Detailed Breakdown, By Federal Funding Agency, of Procurement Contracts Obligated in Virginia, Northern Virginia and the Hampton Roads Area Over the Past Five Years

44



% of State

Combined Percent

II. NON-DEFENSE AGENCIES 92,379,179,610 79,039,220,652 85.6 5,338,313,064 5.8 91.3

EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT 8,707,739 8,647,340 99.3 4,044 0.0 99.4

AGRICULTURE, Department of 1,233,073,773 1,074,631,090 87.2 30,282,766 2.5 89.6

Agricultural Marketing Service 69,686,374 690,010 1.0 0.0 1.0

Agricultural Research Service 44,995,107 42,885,448 95.3 372,927 0.8 96.1

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service 90,923,173 82,752,898 91.0 705,849 0.8 91.8

Farm Service Agency 69,648,495 61,430,072 88.2 0.0 88.2

Food and Nutrition Service 474,570,809 472,499,532 99.6 2,022,376 0.4 100.0

Food Safety and Inspection Service 22,190,962 21,556,559 97.1 11,180 0.1 97.2

Forest Service 354,507,439 292,756,080 82.6 24,797,165 7.0 89.6

National Agricultural Statistics Service 431,228 431,228 100.0 0.0 100.0

Natural Resources Conservation Service 11,496,605 7,882,332 68.6 492,929 4.3 72.8

Office of Inspector General 1,684,141 1,513,141 89.8 171,000 10.2 100.0

Risk Management Agency -1,811 -1,811 100.0 0.0 100.0

Rural Housing Service 9,099,432 8,212,243 90.3 34,295 0.4 90.6

USDA, Office of the Chief Financial Officer 82,741,363 80,922,902 97.8 1,675,045 2.0 99.8

USDA, Office of the Chief Information Officer 1,100,456 1,100,456 100.0 0.0 100.0

COMMERCE, Department of 2,486,419,114 2,394,991,492 96.3 73,554,387 3.0 99.3

Office of the Secretary 9,243,647 9,166,998 99.2 60,385 0.7 99.8

Bureau of the Census 112,192,791 102,330,636 91.2 9,205,193 8.2 99.4

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 301,570,758 236,381,128 78.4 51,708,733 17.1 95.5

National Institute of Standards and Technology 106,294,416 102,506,046 96.4 1,050,886 1.0 97.4

National Technical Information Service 9,100 9,100 100.0 0.0 100.0

Patent and Trademark Office 1,957,108,402 1,944,597,584 99.4 11,529,190 0.6 99.9

EDUCATION, Department of 1,517,585,151 1,498,846,939 98.8 6,936,331 0.5 99.2

ENERGY, Department of 3,198,774,268 193,730,902 6.1 801,658,190 25.1 31.1

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 1,461,526,295 1,407,490,086 96.3 7,155,566 0.5 96.8

Environmental Protection Agency 1,460,866,569 1,406,850,735 96.3 7,155,566 0.5 96.8

Office of the Inspector General 659,726 639,351 96.9 0.0 96.9

GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION 8,118,815,634 6,959,668,874 85.7 616,276,749 7.6 93.3

Federal Acquisition Service 60,730,185 30,213,905 49.8 19,471,481 32.1 81.8

Federal Acquisition Service 5,210,657,832 4,691,429,099 90.0 259,725,770 5.0 95.0

Federal Acquisition Service 1,154,456,300 919,180,014 79.6 169,765,347 14.7 94.3

Office of Citizen Services and Innovative Technologies 279,676 279,676 100.0 0.0 100.0

Office of Government Wide Policy 9,575,281 9,535,306 99.6 0.0 99.6

Office of Inspector General 8,452,284 8,441,152 99.9 3,814 0.0 99.9

Table 16 continued

45



% of State

Combined Percent

Office of the Administrator(ACMD) 127,308,850 127,172,537 99.9 136,314 0.1 100.0

Office of the Chief Information Officer 24,922,046 24,922,046 100.0 0.0 100.0

Public Buildings Service 1,522,433,180 1,148,495,139 75.4 167,174,023 11.0 86.4

HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Department of 10,931,271,411 9,886,631,407 90.4 193,452,176 1.8 92.2

Agency For Health Care Policy and Research 77,894,557 77,864,557 100.0 0.0 100.0

Centers For Disease Control 294,187,458 269,049,670 91.5 5,765,104 2.0 93.4

Centers For Medicare and Medicaid Services 6,147,370,596 5,561,881,424 90.5 59,596,277 1.0 91.4

Food and Drug Administration 400,942,149 322,237,771 80.4 4,154,903 1.0 81.4

Health Resources and Services Administration 258,074,411 253,306,559 98.2 361,444 0.1 98.3

Indian Health Service 34,472,932 33,460,727 97.1 556,169 1.6 98.7

National Institutes of Health 2,108,764,540 1,785,164,526 84.7 95,141,825 4.5 89.2

Office of Assistant Secretary For Management and Budget 26,227,689 41,647,839 158.8 209,628 0.8 159.6

Office of Asst Secretary For Health Except National Centers 1,341,988,331 1,300,669,586 96.9 27,666,826 2.1 99.0

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

241,348,748 241,348,748 100.0 0.0 100.0

HOMELAND SECURITY, Department of 19,058,534,190 16,637,691,094 87.3 1,264,983,864 6.6 93.9

Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services 175,379 175,379 100.0 0.0 100.0

Federal Emergency Management Agency 1,285,058,476 1,012,973,422 78.8 6,925,323 0.5 79.4

Federal Law Enforcement Training Center 34,405,590 30,741,563 89.4 1,066,206 3.1 92.4

Office of Procurement Operations 4,098,870,580 3,301,438,445 80.5 37,473,251 0.9 81.5

Office of the Inspector General 1,809,217 1,781,885 98.5 0.0 98.5

Office of the Secretary, Department of Homeland Security 1,292,000 1,292,000 100.0 0.0 100.0

Transportation Security Administration 5,179,473,623 5,133,564,612 99.1 4,015,930 0.1 99.2

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services 1,063,013,736 1,026,056,325 96.5 27,314,740 2.6 99.1

U.S. Coast Guard 2,184,972,965 1,130,524,657 51.7 1,019,483,419 46.7 98.4

U.S. Customs and Border Protection 4,312,315,573 4,129,604,702 95.8 152,802,932 3.5 99.3

U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement 757,532,618 741,639,508 97.9 8,152,426 1.1 99.0

U.S. Secret Service 139,614,433 127,898,596 91.6 7,749,637 5.6 97.2

HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT, Department of

587,353,157 538,383,506 91.7 5,823,808 1.0 92.7

Assistant Secretary For Policy Development and Research 160,549 160,549 100.0 0.0 100.0

Assistant Secretary For Public Affairs 90,360 90,360 100.0 0.0 100.0

Housing and Urban Development, Department Of 585,587,810 536,618,159 91.6 5,823,808 1.0 92.6

Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight -207 -207 100.0 0.0 100.0

Office of Inspector General 1,514,645 1,514,645 100.0 0.0 100.0

INTERIOR, Department of THE 3,717,395,661 3,435,771,121 92.4 167,352,735 4.5 96.9

Bureau of Indian Affairs 178,723,295 159,864,292 89.4 17,069,023 9.6 99.0

Bureau of Land Management 30,967,515 29,810,835 96.3 1,015,081 3.3 99.5

Bureau of Ocean Energy Management 51,499,113 - 108,024 - -

Bureau of Reclamation 8,758,082 5,634,925 64.3 899,019 10.3 74.6

Table 16 continued

46



% of State

Combined Percent

Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement 60,111,810 58,915,485 98.0 608,549 1.0 99.0

Geological Survey 274,211,110 263,811,616 96.2 6,732,186 2.5 98.7

Minerals Management Service 52,216,875 789 0.0 0.0 0.0

National Park Service 205,881,951 118,150,400 57.4 12,137,562 5.9 63.3

Office of Policy, Management, and Budget 2,671,236,146 2,535,506,784 94.9 121,951,078 4.6 99.5

Office of Surface Mining, Reclamation and Enforcement 4,260,403 4,245,688 99.7 0.0 99.7

Office of the Inspector General 10,611,668 10,611,668 100.0 0.0 100.0

Office of the Secretary of the Interior 213,896 213,896 100.0 0.0 100.0

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 220,202,910 197,505,630 89.7 6,832,213 3.1 92.8

JUSTICE, Department of 7,248,109,112 6,536,217,241 90.2 55,199,444 0.8 90.9

ATF Acquisition and Property Mgmt Div 157,063,855 144,064,142 91.7 1,290,340 0.8 92.5

Drug Enforcement Administration 1,708,403,895 1,701,115,429 99.6 1,798,989 0.1 99.7

Federal Bureau of Investigation 3,256,649,595 2,735,358,216 84.0 22,894,621 0.7 84.7

Federal Prison System 291,888,783 153,625,296 52.6 25,949,713 8.9 61.5

Justice, Department Of 521,572 521,572 100.0 0.0 100.0

Office of Justice Programs 176,283,984 176,277,210 100.0 0.0 100.0

Offices, Boards and Divisions 1,128,085,692 1,122,497,600 99.5 1,423,079 0.1 99.6

U.S. Marshals Service 529,211,736 502,757,776 95.0 1,842,702 0.3 95.3

LABOR, Department of 345,725,140 252,063,987 72.9 1,429,621 0.4 73.3

Bureau of Labor Statistics 1,807,563 1,686,292 93.3 95,718 5.3 98.6

Employment and Training Administration 162,801,882 80,652,441 49.5 5,400 0.0 49.5

Mine Safety and Health Administration 56,498,903 55,888,733 98.9 10,516 0.0 98.9

Office of Inspector General 347,387 347,387 100.0 0.0 100.0

Office of Job Corps 750,128 750,128 100.0 0.0 100.0

Office of the Assistant Secretary For Admin and Management

99,656,683 88,876,412 89.2 1,317,987 1.3 90.5

Office of the Assistant Secretary For Policy 16,194 16,194 100.0 0.0 100.0

Veterans Employment and Training Services 23,846,400 23,846,400 100.0 0.0 100.0

STATE, Department of 5,880,345,814 5,731,027,710 97.5 63,863,786 1.1 98.5

TRANSPORTATION, Department of 7,290,732,729 6,502,909,370 89.2 408,461,387 5.6 94.8

Federal Aviation Administration 5,780,324,436 5,461,067,280 94.5 31,368,811 0.5 95.0

Federal Highway Administration 833,958,364 685,916,059 82.2 102,966,139 12.3 94.6

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration 30,738,875 29,556,402 96.2 0.0 96.2

Federal Railroad Administration 82,414,275 81,525,906 98.9 -3,193 0.0 98.9

Federal Transit Administration 85,683,705 66,820,005 78.0 377,059 0.4 78.4

Immediate Office of the Secretary of Transportation 81,839,693 77,461,085 94.6 228,503 0.3 94.9

Maritime Administration 296,511,866 16,965,153 5.7 273,091,474 92.1 97.8

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 76,237,633 61,152,768 80.2 43,030 0.1 80.3

Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administraton 16,477,619 16,093,738 97.7 383,882 2.3 100.0

Research and Innovative Technology Administration 6,260,295 6,081,894 97.2 0.0 97.2

Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation 285,968 269,080 94.1 5,682 2.0 96.1

Table 16 continued

47



% of State

Combined Percent

TREASURY, Department of the 2,813,136,323 2,723,382,361 96.8 53,573,451 1.9 98.7

Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau

Bureau of Engraving and Printing 20,489,412 19,820,714 96.7 115,730 0.6 97.3

Bureau of the Fiscal Service 215,072,365 210,485,251 97.9 1,437,014 0.7 98.5

Community Development Financial Institutions 41,197 41,197 100.0 0.0 100.0

Departmental Offices 120,253,656 117,332,989 97.6 253,923 0.2 97.8

Financial Crime Enforcement Network 63,743,791 63,645,836 99.8 0.0 99.8

Financial Management Service 4,352,761 4,348,394 99.9 714 0.0 99.9

Inspector General 6,924,075 6,924,075 100.0 0.0 100.0

Internal Revenue Service 2,333,593,990 2,253,916,025 96.6 51,560,718 2.2 98.8

Office of the Comptroller of the Currency 47,616,753 46,455,576 97.6 95,079 0.2 97.8

Office of Thrift Supervision -8,846 -8,846 100.0 0.0 100.0

United States Mint 1,057,169 421,150 39.8 110,273 10.4 50.3

VETERANS AFFAIRS, Department of 5,660,442,952 4,456,993,605 78.7 420,762,197 7.4 86.2

INDEPENDENT AGENCIES/GOVERNMENT CORPORATIONS

10,692,968,130 8,685,506,571 81.2 1,167,288,032 10.9 92.1

Agency For International Development 3,848,774,856 3,825,385,278 99.4 936,375 0.0 99.4

Broadcasting Board of Governors 30,314,304 29,720,433 98.0 101,883 0.3 98.4

Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board 173,716 173,716 100.0 0.0 100.0

Commodity Futures Trading Commission 17,894,972 17,821,972 99.6 0.0 99.6

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau 24,849,264 24,769,999 99.7 0.0 99.7

Consumer Product Safety Commission 1,377,183 645,323 46.9 4,998 0.4 47.2

Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board 209,632 -150,802 -71.9 0.0 -71.9

Election Assistance Commission 27,816 27,816 100.0 0.0 100.0

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 23,891,258 22,685,943 95.0 1,104,928 4.6 99.6

Federal Communications Commission 45,539,319 44,407,279 97.5 1,173,449 2.6 100.1

Federal Election Commission chk chk #chk chk

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 2,963,148 2,227,671 75.2 735,477 24.8 100.0

Federal Housing Finance Agency 20,651 20,651 100.0 0.0 100.0

Federal Labor Relations Authority 2,951,332 2,884,635 97.7 0.0 97.7

Federal Maritime Commission 40,620 40,620 100.0 0.0 100.0

Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service 769,881 763,879 99.2 6,002 0.8 100.0

Federal Trade Commission -7,726 -7,726 100.0 0.0 100.0

GAO, Except Comptroller General 4,714,481 4,714,481 100.0 0.0 100.0

International Trade Commission 332,345 320,239 96.4 0.0 96.4

Merit Systems Protection Board 3,237,683 2,818,672 87.1 72,336 2.2 89.3

Millennium Challenge Corporation 8,690,465 6,844,168 78.8 6,310 0.1 78.8

National Aeronautics and Space Administration 2,845,574,316 1,019,144,062 35.8 1,150,919,248 40.4 76.3

National Archives and Records Administration 91,859,008 90,680,743 98.7 134,614 0.1 98.9

National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities 32,011 32,011 100.0 0.0 100.0

National Labor Relations Board 27,684,499 26,417,522 95.4 984,049 3.6 99.0

Table 16 continued

48



% of State

Combined Percent

National Science Foundation 703,494,517 674,854,934 95.9 1,196,726 0.2 96.1

National Transportation Safety Board 8,938,389 8,726,475 97.6 133,189 1.5 99.1

Nuclear Regulatory Commission 68,692,763 63,859,647 93.0 1,154,745 1.7 94.6

Office of Personnel Management 901,238,050 857,473,067 95.1 701,962 0.1 95.2

Overseas Private Investment Corporation 1,393,602 1,056,602 75.8 0.0 75.8

Peace Corps 5,124,016 1,177,895 23.0 0.0 23.0

Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation 12,950,519 12,950,519 100.0 0.0 100.0

Securities and Exchange Commission 671,150,902 666,990,174 99.4 12,785 0.0 99.4

Selective Service System 1,615,972 1,615,972 100.0 0.0 100.0

Small Business Administration 149,386,345 130,817,371 87.6 3,865,766 2.6 90.2

Social Security Administration 1,179,607,331 1,132,347,150 96.0 4,043,190 0.3 96.3

United States Trade and Development Agency 7,504,258 11,248,180 149.9 0.0 149.9

OTHER 128,263,017 114,635,956 89.4 254,530 0.2 89.6

Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts 329,959 0.0 0.0 0.0

Corporation For National and Community Service 41,219,612 40,698,556 98.7 140,330 0.3 99.1

Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency 3,543,097 3,509,509 99.1 0.0 99.1

International Boundary and Water Commission: U.S.-Mexico

113,510 52,971 46.7 34,980 30.8 77.5

Recovery Accountability and Transparency Board 137,700 137,700 100.0 0.0 100.0

Smithsonian Institution 81,602,063 68,954,751 84.5 50,564 0.1 84.6

National Gallery of Art 556,808 551,111 99.0 5,696 1.0 100.0

Woodrow Wilson International Center For Scholars 760,268 731,358 96.2 22,960 3.0 99.2

Table 16 continued

There are also significant differences in the DoD vs Non-DoD funding ratios found in Northern Virginia and Hampton Roads. In both regions, the Department of Defense is the largest purchas-ing agent, but close to ninety percent of all obligated contract awards going to Hampton Roads are DoD related; whereas in Northern Virginia, the share is sixty-three percent.

Another area of difference between the two regions in the agency sources, within the Depart-ment of Defense, where the funding resides. There are 33 separate DoD funding sources listed in the procurement contract reporting system (listed in Table 11). In the Hampton Roads area, the primary funding source is the Department of the Navy, which accounts for 33.8 billion of the 47.6 billion (71 percent) of military procurement spending in this region’s economy. In Northern Virginia, in contrast, the Department of the Army is the primary funding source, accounting for 57.4 billion of the 140 billion (41 percent) of military procurement spending.

49

Where Did The Reductions Occur During The Recent Economic Downturn?

The anatomy of the economic downturn is illuminated by information presented in Table , which provides a detailed breakdown, by agency funding source, of the amount of procurement spend-ing in Virginia, Northern Virginia and the Hampton Roads area in 2011 and 2013. This before and after analytical framework shows both where in the federal bureaucracy and in what regions of the Commonwealth the largest reductions can be found.

The information presented in Table is based on 1.17 million transaction records, downloaded from the USAspending website. Using both primary contract and sub-contract award transac-tions, it reveals the following downturn scenario.

Federal procurement spending in Virginia dropped by 9.3 billion dollars from 2011 to 2013, a 14.6 percent reduction (See Table 17). Almost ninety percent of the decrease resulted from reductions in defense spending, which totaled 8.1 billion during the two-year period. Within the Department of Defense, agencies recording the largest cutbacks were: the Army (4.9 billion), the Navy (1 billion), the Defense Systems Information Agency (DISA) (1 billion), the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) (696 million) and the Air Force (473 million).

Non-defense spending, by more than 170 federal agencies, decreased by 1.2 billion, although there were many agencies whose procurement spending levels increased modestly during the downturn. Two agencies which experienced noteworthy decreases were the Department of Homeland Security (1.2 billion) and the General Services Administration (730 million),

Insofar as the geographical component of the reductions is concerned, Northern Virginia ab-sorbed 75.7 percent of the total statewide procurement reduction, while Hampton Roads ab-sorbed 10.7 percent, which, in the case of Hampton Roads, is less than the percentage share of statewide procurement going to this region (around 17-18 percent in a given year). Northern Vir-ginia, therefore, was hit about equal to what would be expected based on its overall percentage share of federal procurement funds, while the Hampton Roads area was hit with a lesser impact than expected.

A similar pattern exists when the focus shifts to defense procurement spending, where 75.6 percent of DoD statewide reductions occurred in procurement money going into Northern Vir-ginia, compared to a 11.1 percentage figure for Hampton Roads (which, in recent years at least, receives about 25 percent of the statewide military procurement dollars). The explanation for the difference between the two regions, in the relative downturn impacts they experienced, can be traced to the magnitude of procurement reductions and the geographical spending locations of the Army and Navy. Northern Virginia absorbed losses of 3.9 billion from Army reductions and 895 million from Navy reductions; while the Hampton Roads area, predominantly defined by its large Naval presence, actually experienced a modest increase in Navy procurement during the downturn. Procurement spending by the Army and Air Force, however, both decreased (by 591 million and 149 million respectively)

50

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59

SECTION IIImpact of Changing Federal Procurement Patterns

on the Northern Virginia and Commonwealth of Virginia Economiesby

Stephen S.Fuller, Ph.D, Dwight Schar Faculty Chair and University Professor,

George Mason University

INTRODUCTIONThe performance of the Virginia economy has been strongly affected by federal spending pat-terns during the current business cycle. This dependency is not new but the consequences have raised new questions as these changing federal spending patterns are now being determined by shifting federal priorities. Additionally, slowing revenues growth may result in the recent reduc-tions in federal spending becoming permanent rather than cyclical and reduce future growth of federal spending to levels confined to inflation rates or even to further decline.

Regardless of the causes of recent and future changes in federal spending patterns, the signifi-cance of the federal market to the vitality of the State’s economy has magnified the impact of this recent trend. In addition to slowing the economy’s growth, these reductions in federal spending have had a disproportional impact on the State’s export-based, high-value added sectors and jobs. These patterns and their consequences at the regional level have been even more impactful reflecting the concentration of federal contractors in Northern Virginia, with 74.2% of the State’s federal procurement spending over the 2010-2014 period, and in Hampton Roads, which ac-counted for 18.0% of the State’s total federal procurement spending over this period.

The consequences of these differential impacts have become evident in changes to the structure of the economy as measured by the changing employment mix, as higher value-added jobs have been lost while lower value-added jobs have been added. The analyses of these trends and out-comes will help clarify their historic magnitudes and significance during the 2011-2014 period and the likely impacts that these changes will have set in motion going forward over the remain-der of the decade. Understanding the nature of these changes in federal spending in Northern Virginia’s economy, given its importance to the State’s economy, and their regional and statewide consequences will provide a framework to local- and state-level policymakers and elected gov-ernment leaders to respond to the public policy challenges that are confronting their respective economies in order to better position them in national and global markets in a future of diminish-ing dependence on federal spending as a primary source of future economic growth.

The “worst case” forecast, governed by full compliance with the Budget Control Act of 2011, provides a clear measure of the real and continuing threat that hangs over the Northern Virginia and Virginia economies while the baseline forecast suggests the cost of not further reducing the dependences of the Northern Virginia and State economies on DoD and non-DoD procurement contracting. Ultimately, to be competitive in the national and global marketplace, Northern Virginia and State Virginia must advance their respective economies building on their compet-itive advantages and repositioning their economies towards export-based, business-to-business transactions built around high-value added and high-growth potential businesses. The findings presented in the following pages should help clarify the opportunity costs of ignoring the im-plications of having become overly dependent on a declining or, at best, a slow growth and over-specialized market.

60

I. Federal Procurement Trends in Northern Virginia and the Commonwealth of Virginia and Their Economic Impacts

The importance of federal spending to the economies of Northern Virginia and the Common-wealth of Virginia has been well documented. While federal spending includes a range of sourc-es—federal payroll, retirement and disability payments to federal employees, grants and small business loans, federal purchases of goods and services from private sector contractors, it is federal procurement contracting that has been the most impactful of all federal spending sources over the past thirty-five years and will continue to impact the pace of the Northern Virginia and the State economies’ growth well into the future.

Federal spending for the procurement of goods and services in the Washington metropolitan area demonstrates the historic significance of this source of spending: federal procurement spending in the Washington metropolitan area totaled $4.2 billion in 1980 ($1.7 billion or 40.5% of these expenditures went to businesses located in Northern Virginia). By 2010, federal procurement spending in the Washington metropolitan area totaled $82.4 billion ($45.0 billion or 54.6% went to federal contractors located in Northern Virginia for work performed in Northern Virginia).

This increase in federal procurement spending in the Washington metropolitan area between 1980 and 2010 represented a 1,861.9 percent increase while this increase in Northern Virginia was 2,547.0 percent. These growth rates exceed any other significant source of economic activ-ity in either the Washington metropolitan area or in Northern Virginia during this period. And, over this thirty-year period, the accumulated value of this federal procurement spending totaled $808.5 billion with federal contractors located in Northern Virginia accounting for an estimated forty-nine percent of this total or $396.2 billion.

The economic impact of this rapid increase in federal procurement spending in the Washington metropolitan area and in Northern Virginia can be measured. This federal procurement spend-ing can be shown to have accelerated these areas’ economic growth—the value of the goods and services produced locally, and to have generated above-average job growth. But more important-ly, this rapid increase in federal procurement spending altered the structure of the region’s job mix, shifting it to professional and business service jobs and to jobs having higher earnings, and it altered the distribution of economic activity within the metropolitan area favoring Northern Virginia over Suburban Maryland and the District of Columbia..

Federal contractors located in Northern Virginia captured the largest percentage of federal procurement spending since 1980, and, as a result, the impacts of this growing source of business earnings and cor-responding growth in high-wage and high-valued added jobs accelerated Northern Virginia’s economic growth relative to the District of Columbia and Suburban Maryland jurisdictions. In 1980, Northern Vir-ginia accounted for 31.6 percent of the Washington metropolitan area economy; by 1990, it accounted for 38.8 percent; by 2000, its share increased to 43.8 percent; and by 2010, Northern Virginia accounted for 46.0 percent of the Washington metropolitan area economy. This increased share of the Washington metro-politan area economy, which was also growing significantly over this period (real GRP increased 215.1%), provides a measure of the importance of this disproportional gain in federal procurement dollars that was captured by businesses located and doing their work in Northern Virginia.

61

In a report prepared by this author for the National Capital Planning Commission in 2002, the statistical correlation between the changes in gross regional product (GRP) and the changes in federal procurement spending and in the value of the federal payroll over the 1983 and 2001 period were calculated. The results of this research are summarized here to provide further documentation of the important economic relation-ship between federal procurement spending and Northern Virginia’s economic performance and, by exten-sion, to the economic vitality of the Commonwealth of Virginia.

A quick review of Table 18 suggests that federal spending for procurement has had an impact on the dif-ferential growth rates experienced by the National Capital Region’s (NCR’s) sub-state areas over the 1983-2001 period. The sub-state area that experienced the most rapid growth rate—Northern Virginia—benefited from federal procurement outlays totaling $160.3 billion over this 19-year period, an amount accounting for 48 percent of all procurement outlays in the NCR. Suburban Maryland experienced the second fastest GRP growth rate, although one well below the rate in Northern Virginia, and had federal procurement spending totaling $92.7 billion, a level 42 percent below the total procurement value in Northern Virginia. And, the District of Columbia’s economy experienced the slowest growth over this period and experienced the greatest increase in federal spending for salaries and wages but the least accumulated value for procurement outlays. _______________________________________________________________________

Table 18

Federal Payroll and Procurement Spending in the National Capital RegionBy Sub-State Area, 1983-2001(in billions of 1996 dollars)

Change Federal FederalSub-State Area in GRP* Payroll Procurement

District of Columbia 46.5% $206.6 $81.5Suburban Maryland 103.8% 72.3 92.7Northern Virginia 153.4% 94.8 160.3National Capital Region** 99.1% $373.7 $334.5

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau and George Mason University, Center for Regional Analysis (CRA) *% change from 1983 to 2001; **GRP growth for the Washington metropolitan area.

_______________________________________________________________________

This simple comparison would seem to support the hypothesis that federal dollars spent for procurement have had a greater impact of the local economy than federal dollars spent on sala-ries and wages. To test this hypothesis, a regression analysis was performed with gross county product of each of the NCR’s local jurisdictions serving as the dependent variable and federal payroll spending and federal procurement being the independent variables. These values were regressed for the NCR and for Northern Virginia and Suburban Maryland (the District, with only 19 observations was not analyzed independently from the NCR). The results, presented in Table 19, confirm the importance of federal procurement spending over the 1983-2001 period to the

62

economic growth of the NCR and help explain the substantially greater growth that occurred in Northern Virginia relative to Suburban Maryland and the District.

The correlation between economic growth and federal spending for procurement and federal pay-roll is strong with the coefficients for the two variables showing federal procurement to be twice as important as spending for federal payroll in this correlation. In Northern Virginia, which ex-perienced an almost 150 percent real increase in GRP between 1983 and 2001, the correlation be-tween this growth and federal spending was very strong with federal procurement spending being almost 3 times as important to this correlation as spending for federal payroll (as established by the relative coefficient values). In comparison, federal spending had a slightly weaker correlation to the economic growth in Suburban Maryland over this period (real GRP doubled between 1983 and 2001) but procurement spending had only a marginal impact on this growth; spending for federal payroll was much more significant but yielded weaker returns to the economy. In conclu-sion, a dollar spent for federal procurement in the NCR economy has been more important than a federal dollar spent for federal payroll; based on the relative coefficients, a federal procurement dollar had two times the economic impact of a federal payroll dollar.

____________________________________________________________________________

Table 19

Federal Payroll and Federal Procurement Spending in the National Capital RegionBy Sub-State Area, 1983-2001

Summary of Regression Model Results

Correlation Coefficients Area Value Payroll Procurement

National Capital Region .956 2 .315 4 .756Northern VA .973 1 .720 4 .971Suburban MD .935 12 .743 1 .415

Source: George Mason University, Center of Regional Analysis (CRA) ____________________________________________________________________________

The strong correlation between federal procurement spending and Northern Virginia’s eco-nomic performance cuts both ways. When federal procurement outlays were accelerating, they fueled Northern Virginia’s economic expansion. As federal procurement spending was growing during the Great Recession, this growth helped to compensate for declines in Northern Virgin-ia’s non-federally dependent business activities cushioning these negative effects and helping to moderate the full impact of what was the worst economic contraction experienced in the U.S. since the Great Depression. And, as federal spending has slowed and then declined since 2011, the strong correlation between federal procurement spending and Northern Virginia’s economic performance has resulted in its economy underperforming the U.S. economy since 2010. Fur-

63

thermore, Northern Virginia’s weak economic performance has been a drag on thbe Common-wealth of Virginia’s economy due to the relative magnitude of its contribution to the State’s gross state product. These patterns of performance can be seen in Table 20 that compares economic growth rates for the U.S., Virginia and Northern Virginia over the most recent decade.

The Budget Control Act of 2011 was designed to reduce the federal deficit and its percentage of GDP that stood at 10.4% in 2010 to less than 3% by 2021 by cutting federal spending over this 10-year period. Spending reductions by the Department of Defense began in 2011 with com-panion spending reductions by non-DoD agencies to begin in January 2013 (the Fiscal Cliff). The year-end budget agreement called for the “sequester” going into effect on March 1, 2013 impacting the remainder of the FY 2013 budget year but having more significant impacts during FY 2014. DoD spending reductions continued from 2011 through this period with all agencies experiencing budget reductions in FY 2013 and FY 2014 with their cumulative effects having continuing economic impact in 2015 and beyond. As a result of these spending reductions, the federal deficit for FY 2014 as a percent of Gross Domestic Product had declined to 4.0%.

____________________________________________________________________________

Table 20 Comparative Economic Growth Performance: U.S., Virginia and Northern Virginia, 2006-2014(annual real percent change)

NorthernYear U.S. Virginia Virginia

2006 2.7 2.3 4.42007 1.8 0.8 4.02008 - 0.3 0.0 1.62009 - 2.8 0.5 - 1.22010 2.5 2.4 5.02011 1.6 0.6 1.52012 2.3 0.7 0.752013 2.2 0.4 - 0.62014 2.4 0.0 0.9

Sources: U.S. Department of Commerce; IHS Economics, Inc., George Mason University, Center for Regional Analysis

____________________________________________________________________________

64

While the focus of these federal spending reductions has been on the purchase of goods and services from the private sector—federal procurement spending—federal agencies have also cut payroll by reducing federal employment. Between 2011 and 2014, federal employment reduc-tions in Northern Virginia and statewide have cost these economies 4,622 jobs and 5,450 jobs respectively with further federal job reductions projected for Northern Virginia (7,767) and state-wide (15,170) between 2014 and 2020. While these federal job cuts are important and represent a measurable loss in payroll spending with corresponding impacts on retail and consumer services, housing and public sector revenues, it has been the reductions in federal procurement spending in Northern Virginia and elsewhere statewide (in particular Hampton Roads) that have had the greatest negative impacts on these economies’ performances and the changing structure of their respective employment bases.

Federal procurement spending peaked in FY 2011 for both Virginia and Northern Virginia with accelerating reductions in 2012 and 2013. By 2014, federal spending had stablized and increased at the state level while declining further in Northern Virginia. For the 2011-2014 period, federal procurement spending was down $9.3 billion statewide, or 14.6%, and was down $7.1 billion in Northern Virginia, or 14.7%, as shown in Table 21.

While these two-year decreases in federal procurement may not appear large, their impacts have been spread both horizontally and vertically across the State’s economy. The consequences of this reduction in federal procurement has been magnitifed because of the interdependences with-in the Northern Virginia and Virginia economies and among the prime federal contractors and their subcontractors following their supply chains, and due to the absense of alternative sourc-es of non-federally dependent export-based businesses to compensate for this loss of business income.

____________________________________________________________________________

Table 21

Federal Procurement Spending: Northern Virginia and the Commonwealth of Virginia, 2010-2014(in bilions of current dollars)

Year Virginia DoD NoVA % of VA DoD NoVA

2010 $59.400 $41.443 $44.979 75.7 $29.5512011 64.073 44.830 47.994 74.9 31.6822012 58.422 39.776 44.649 76.4 28.7102013 54.732 36.722 40.922 74.8 25.5522014 $58.404 $39.881 $40.488 69.3 $24.458

Sources: USAspending.gov; Northern Virgina Regional Commisswion ____________________________________________________________________________

65

As noted previously, the underperformance of the Northern Virginia and Virginia economies during this period of federal procurement spending reductions has been most notable as seen by their slow economic growth, as shown in Table 20. During this period the State economy hardly experienced any real growth. Compared to the other states, its annual growth rate ranked 43rd in 2013 and ranked only 49th place in 2014.

Beyond its lagging economic performance, the job mix has changed in Northern Virginia and the State; that is, the job losses disproportionally affected the higher-vaue added sectors while new job growth has been concentrated in the lower-value added sectors. This is a structural shift that started with the Great Recession in late 2007 but has continued during the recovery dating from mid-2010. At the State level, the average value per job, measured by their contribution to gross state product (GSP), of the jobs lost between 2007 and March 2010 was $147,465 while the aver-age GSP value of the jobs added since March 2010 was $102,802.

This difference is a result of the loss of higher-value added jobs and the growth of jobs with lower average values as seen in structural changes in the economy—declining importance of manufacturing and construction versus the growing importance of leisure and hospitality and education and health services as sources of employment—compounded by shifts within sectors as older, higher-paid workers retired and were replaced by entry-level workers hired at substan-tially lower salaries. This shift within sectors has been accelerated by the adoption of labor-sav-ing technologies and the changing nature of the occupations and the services being provided. Outsourcing and off-shoring of jobs as well as the globalization of the market place have all contributed to a major economic shift that is having national impact and has further compound-ed the impacts of the structural changes linked to reductions in federal procurement spending in Virginia.

The combination of these employment shifts and reductions in the federal workforce and de-creased federal contractor jobs has contributed to a decrease in average wages in Northern Vir-ginia as shown in Table 22. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics recently released the 2014 wage data that showed that the average wage in Northern Virginia decreased for the fourth consecutive year after peaking in 2010. In contrast, the average wage in the Washington metropolitan area turned higher in 2014 after decreasing for three years with gains in both the District of Columbia and Suburban Maryland. The average wage in Virginia increased slightly in 2014 (0.2%) but was well off the U.S. average wage gain of 1.6% while the average wage in Northern Virginia fell 0.3%.

66

____________________________________________________________________________

Table 22

Average Wages in the U.S. Virginia, and Northern Virginia: 2007-2014(in thousands of 2014 dollars)

Northern Year U.S Virginia Virginia

2007 $50.8 $52.5 $68.72008 50.1 51.9 67.92009 50.3 53.2 69.82010 50.8 53.9 70.92011 50.6 53.3 69.92012 50.8 53.3 69.72013 50.6 52.8 68.72014 $51.4 $52.9 $68.5

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

____________________________________________________________________________

Structural Changes in the Northern Virginia and Commonwealth of Virginia Economies and Their Impacts on Future Economic Growth

The structural changes occurring in the Northern Virginia and Virginia economies that resulted from the Great Recession and that have continued during the recovery as a result of reductions in federal procurement outlays, selectively impacting high-value added sectors, have established the foundation for these economies’ future growth. These emerging economic structures are different from those that existed prior to the Great Recession; that distribtuion of jobs across the sectors will not be reestablished as the economy grows going forward as the drivers of future growth and the State’s competitive position in the national and global economies have changed.

The key sectors driving the economy’s performance are its export sectors, those sectors with markets exceeding the state’s geographic boundaries, as these are the sectors attracting new money into the local economies to be paid out in wages and salaries and re-spent in support of local retail and consumer services, housing, and local taxes to the benefit of residentiary-based businesses and jobs. While the differentiation of export-serving from local-serving employment is not perfect, the sectors shown in Tables 23 and 24 encompass the majority of the non-local serving job base in Northern Virginia and Virginia.

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Table 23

Structural Change in the Virginia Economy: 2011-2014-2020(percent share by principal sector*)

Sector 2011 2014 2020

Manufacturing 6.2 6.1 5.8Transport/Warehousing 2.8 2.8 3.0Information Services 2.0 1.9 1.9Financial Services 5.0 5.1 4.6Professional and Bus. Services 18.1 17.7 19.4Education & Health Services 12.9 13.6 13.6Leisure & Hospitality Services 9.4 9.7 9.6Federal Government 4.7 4.5 3.8Totals 61.4 61.4 61.7

Sources: IHS Economics; George Mason University, Center for Regional Analysis *primarily export-based sectors

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By close inspection of Table 23, it can be seen that for the State the perecent share of these jobs in 2011, 2014 and 2020 (baseline projection based on assumption of no additional federal pro-curement spending reductions) is not expected to change significantly as a percentage of all jobs but that the mix of jobs across sectors has or will change. For Virginia, the key losses of per-centage share occur in manufacturng, financial services, and the federal government. However, professional and business services is the largest and most revealing sector. It lost share during the recession and more recently with the reductions in federal prcurement spending (this is where the majority of the federal contractors are located with the exception of ship building and mainte-nance) but is projected to more than regain its losses with future growth that is not dependent on increased federal procurement spending. An inspection of Table 24, which reports these percentage distributions for Northern Virgin-ia, shows that the key sectors experiencing declining shares include financial services and the federal government. Employment in the professional and business services sector shrank slightly during the 2011-2014 period, largely in response to reductions in federal procurement spending, but is projected to experience signficant job growth for the 2014-2020 period.

Still, the impacts of these shifts across export-based sectors show an important change in the totals. In 2011, 65.2 percent of all jobs in Northern Virginia were exported based while in 2014, this share had declined to 64.7 percent. While this shift may appear small, it represents the shift of 24,007 jobs from export-based, high-value added jobs to residentiary services, generally to lower-value added jobs. This shift certainly contributed to the downward trend in average wages in Northern Virginia between 2010 and 2014.

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_______________________________________________________________ Table 24

Structural Change in the Northern Virginia Economy: 2011-2014-2020(percent share by principal sector*)

Sector 2011 2014 2020

Manufacturing 1.6 1.4 1.4Information Services 3.3 3.1 3.1Financial Services 4.7 4.9 4.4Professional and Bus. Services 29.8 29.5 32.4Education & Health Services 10.0 10.2 10.1Leisure & Hospitality Services 8.7 9.1 8.8Federal Government 7.1 6.5 5.2Totals 65.2 64.7 65.4

Sources: IHS Economics; George Mason University, Center for Regional Analysis *primarily export-based sectors

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The results of this structural shift in Northern Virginia’s economy have been to reduce the portion of its business base that was dependent on federal procurement contracting and to shift it to firms undertaking business-to-business sales and services. The ability of Northern Virginia’s econ-omy in 2014 to reposition itself for growth going forward, given its distribution of businesses across sectors and federally and non-federally dependent markets, will determine its performance relative to other regional economies and also will impact the State’s economic performance as it adjusts to lower levels of federal spending within Northern Virginia, Hampton Roads and other sub-state economies.

How Northern Virginia and the State’s other major sub-state regions perform economically during the remainder of this decade will be determined by three key dynamics: (1) the vitaity of global markets as they represents opportunities for the export of locally produced goods and ser-vices as well as the sources of direct foreign investment to the Virginia economy; (2) the perfor-mance of the U.S. economy internally and in the global market place (energy independence and the strength of the dollar relative to international currencies will be critical); and (3) federal fiscal policy relative to deficit reduction and federal employment, payroll and procurement trends. Federal procurement spending in the Virginia economy, and in Northern Virginia specifically, will have the most critical impact on these economies’ future performances as it has the potential for the greatest magnitude of change within the shortest span of time while changes in nation-al and global markets are slower and more incremental making their local impacts smaller and more easily accommodated or remediated.

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Current forecasts for the performance of the U.S., Virginia and Northern Virginia economies are presented in Table 25. The U.S. forecast reflects June 2015 analyses and assumptions including that there will be a federal budget agreement that will preempt any future shutdown of the federal government and the imposition of a sequester similar to what occurred during FY 2013. These same assumptions are reflected in the forecasts for the Virginia and Northern Virginia economies.

The expectations for the U.S. economy are that it will slowly accelerate in 2015 and 2016 and reach its peak annual performance in 2017 with these gains driven largely by pent-up demand for housing and consumer goods and increased consumption outlays while oil prices will slowly move back to their equilibruim levels in world markets by 2019 and interest rates will increase starting slowly in late 2015 or early 2016 reaching their peak levels in 2018, although these will equalize at rates well below normal historic levels. At this time, there is no future recession on the horizon. This economic climate sets the national (and global) framework for the projected performance of the Virginia and Northern Virginia economies.

As described previously, Virginia’s and Northern Virginia’s economic performances have lagged the U.S. economic growth starting in 2011, coinciding with the implementation of the Budget Control Act of 2011 that resulted in immediate reductions in DoD procurement spending under-mining the economic recoveries in Northern Virginia and in other federally dependent regions across the Commonwealth of Virginia. As shown in Table 25, Virginia’s economy registered zero GSP gain during 2014; this performance ranked 49th in the nation among other states.

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Table 25

Comparative Economic Growth Performance: United States, Virginia and Northern Virginia, 2014-2020(annual real percent change)

Northern Year U.S. Virginia Virginia

2014 2.4 0.0 0.92015 2.6 2.2 1.62016 2.9 3.1 2.12017 3.2 2.7 2.72018 2.7 2.5 2.92019 2.6 2.5 3.22020 2.6 2.5 3.0

Sources: IHS Economics, Inc., George Mason University, Center for REgional Analysis

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For 2014, it appears that Northern Virgnia’s economy generated a moderate gain in gross region-al product after contracting 0.6% in 2013. However, the final measurement of Northern Virgin-ia’s economic performance durng 2014 will not be released by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis until later this year. As Northern Virginia only generated a total of 1,300 net new jobs in 2014, the smallest job gain since the depth of the recession in 2009, and given the contnuing loss of export-based, high-value added jobs in Northern Virginia, it is likely that its economy did not achieve this estimated 0.9% gain as shown.

Without an increase in federal procurement spending (or federal payroll) the growth of Northern Virginia’s and the State’s economies will depend on its other competitive advantages, as seen in Tables 23 and 24, based on their changing distribution of non-federally dependent businesses and whether (1) these are slow- or high-growth potential businesses and (2) are high-value-added and export-based.

The income effects of the forecasts for Northern Virginia and Virginia can be calculated based on the economic value of the jobs projected to be added and lost, and based on stabilized federal spending scenario, as shown in Table 25. The outcome of these calculations establishes a base-line against which alternative forecasts can be compared.

The baseline forecast shows that the Northern Virginia and Virginia economies are projected to track different growth paths with the Northern Virginia economy accelerating over the entire 2014-2020 period and not peaking with the national economy in 2017 but continue accelerating through 2020. The Northern Virginia economy is projected to recover from its past federal pro-curement spending reductions (assuming this spending does not decrease further from its 2014 level) with the professional and business service sector driving growth as its share of the work-force increases from 29.5% to 32.4%, a full 13 percentage points greater than at the state level.

The growth of non-federally dependent export-based, high-value added businesses is reflected in the average of $146,096 GRP value (in 2014$s) per new job added during the 2014-2020 period. Still, job losses continue to reflect a much higher average value added of $182,375 underscor-ing the significant impact of continuing losses of federal government employment (7,767 jobs). In 2014, the average GRP value of all jobs in Northern Virginia was $147,013 so the new jobs being added, with their average value of $146,096, and the loss of high-value added jobs, with their average value of $182,375, will continue to slowly erode the per job value of the Northern Virginia economy. While job growth will help drive the economy’s expansion, as shown in Table 25, this expansion will not reflect a shift to higher value-added jobs as was the historic pattern in Northern Virginia.

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_______________________________________________________________ Table 26

Economic Impacts of the Baseline Forecast: 2014-2020Northern Virginia and the Commonwealth of Virginia(in millions of 2014 dollars)

Economic Northern Commonwealth Impacts Virginia of Virginia Value of Jobs Added $23,005.0 $39,352.3 Value of Jobs Lost - 1,467.0 -4,065.6Net Economic Gains $21,538.0 $35,286.7

Sources: IHS Economics, Inc.; GMU Center for Regional Analysis Average value per job added: Virginia, $116,483; NoVA, $146,096 Average value per job lost: Virginia, $147,519; NoVA, $182,372

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This pattern of growth projected for Northern Virginia differs from that projected for the overall Virginia economy that is projected to peak in 2016 and thereafter parallel the national economy over the remainder of the decade. This pattern at the state level reflects its weakness in manufac-turing and continuing importance of leisure and hospitality services and education and health ser-vices sectors and comparatively smaller share of the State’s total employment in the professional and business services sector. The continuing loss of federal government jobs and the declining share of the economy supported by federal procurement spending contribute to the State’s weak-er performance going forward. On average, the value added per job for the jobs gained statewide is projected at $116,483 compared to the average value of the jobs lost of $147,519 (in 2014$s). This differential value will have impacts on the State’s future economic performance as it will result in little or no increase in the average GSP per worker value of $114,250 that exisit in 2014. The continuing erosion of high-value added jobs will contribute to lower job value averages over the 2014-2020 period and this trend will dampen the growth of the local serving sectors (e.g., retail and consumer services, housing, and local government revenues).

Impact of Continuing Federal Procurement Spending Reductions on the Northern Virginia and Commonwealth of Virginia Economies

The forecasts for Northern Virginia and the Commonwealth of Virginia presented in Tables 25 and 26 and reflected in the employment forecasts presented in Tables 23 and 24 are predicated on the assumption that federal procurement spending in Northern Virginia and statewide will remain relatively constant over the forecast period. Federal procurement spending in 2014 did stablize and actually increased 2.0% statewide (federal procurement spendng in Northern Virgin-ia decreased in 2014 1.2%) and the State economy in 2015 (through mid-year) has registered its strongest job growth since 2006. Northern Virginia’s economy also has accelerated over the first

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half of 2015 compared to the first half of 2014, possibly benefiting from the economy’s on-go-ing adjustment to significant federal spending reductions in prior years (- $7.1 billion or -14.7% between 2011-2014).

However, if federal procurement spending could decline 15% in two years, as it did in 2012 and 2013 in both Northern Virginia and the State, what would another decline of this general mag-nitude do to these economies by 2020? And, more specifically, with DoD procurement spending accounting for the largest source of this federal procurement spending (65.0% statewide and 60.5% in Northern Virginia in 2014), what would be the continuing economic consequences of reductions in DoD procurement spending of similar magnitudes to those experienced in 2012 and 2013?

To properly reflect the full impact of continuing DoD procurement spending decreases in the Northern Virginia and statewide economies, modeled after the 2012 and 2013 experiences, a one-third cumulative procurement spending decrease is assumed from respective 2014 levels spanning the 2014-2020 period. To calculate the total impact of continuing reductions in federal procurement spending on the projected job growth for Northern Virginia and the Commonwealth of Virginia both the direct and indirect (and induced) job effects must be included. The loss of direct jobs and related payroll and the jobs (and payroll) of subcontractors and supply-chain businesses reduces disposable income that would have supported retail and consumer service jobs and other service providers serving the residents of the State. At the state level, on average for every job directly supported by DoD procurement spending, an additional .73 indirect and induced job is supported; in Northern Virginia this ratio is 1 to .66. As a result of these indirectly linked jobs, the impacts of spending reductions can spread across the breadth of the economy. In this analysis, only the principal sectors being impacted are shown separately and the smaller sectoral impacts are rolled up into one category.

DoD’s directly and indirectly related jobs in Virginia accounted for 9.6 percent of all employ-ment in 2014. A one-third reduction in DoD procurement spending at the state level would reduce its baseline job gains by 121,110 jobs and reduce the baseline growth rate from 8.2% to 5.0% for this six-year period. The manufacturing sector, which is projected to add 5,030 jobs for a 2.2% gain between 2014 and 2020, would actualy lose 15,276 jobs with a one-third reduction in DoD procurement spending and register a decline of 4.5% from its 2014 employment total. The baseline forecast for information services is for it to add 6,740 jobs between 2014 and 2020 but, instead, it would lose 2,813 jobs as a result of a one-third reduction in DoD procurement spending reducing its projected rate of increase from 9.5% to 5.6%. Professional and business services would experience the greated negative impact, losing 80,554 jobs from its baseline fore-cast as a result of a one-third decrease in DoD procurement spending. This loss of jobs would reduce this sector’s projected growth of 126,140 jobs or 18.9% to a gain of only 6.8%.

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Table 27

The Impact of a One-Third Reduction in DoD Procurement Spending Between 2014 and 2020 on Projected Job Growth in Virginia and Northern Virginia(in thousands of jobs)

-- Virginia -- -- Northern Virginia --Principal Sectors: Job Effects Baseline1 Reduction2 Baseline1 Reduction2

Total Job Gain 310.3 121.1 149.4 70.9Construction 68.5 4.1 25.3 1.1Manufacturing 5.0 15.4 1.3 3.5Information Services 6.7 2.8 5.5 1.9Professional & Bus. Ser. 126.1 80.6 83.9 60.1All Other Sectors 104.5 18.3 33.4 4.3

Sources: Chmura Economics and Analytics, GMU Center for Regional Analysis 1projected job increase by sector reflecting stabilized federal procurement spending at 2014 level. 2Jobs lost from the baseline forecast as a result of a one-third reduction in DoD procurement spending between 2014 and 2020.

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These lost jobs are primarily in high-value added sectors and the gross state product value of these job losses would total $14.4 billion (in 2014$s). In addition to this loss of economic value from the principal sectors, an additional 18,300 jobs in smaller and lower-value added sectors would be lost as a result of a one-third reduction in DoD procurement spending in Virginia over this six-year period. These lost jobs represent a GSP value of $2.1 billion. Combined, the loss of 121,100 jobs due to a further one-third reduction in DoD procurement spending through the re-mainder of this decade would cost the State’s economy $16.6 billion in gross state product. This loss of value translates into an average annual economic growth rate of 2.2 percent, down from the baseline rate of 2.75 percent. This 0.55 percentage point reduction in the State’s economic growth rate amounts to a twenty percent slower growth rate than achieved in the baseline fore-cast, one that still marginally underperforms the U.S. rate for this period.

For Northern Virginia, a one-third reduction in DoD procurement spending between 2014 and 2020 would reduce the projected baseline job growth of 149,420 jobs by 70,882 or by 47.4%. Eighty-five percent of this job loss would consist of jobs within the professional and business services sector, jobs with an average GRP value of $157,969 (in 2014$s). The cost to the econ-omy of this reduction in DoD procurement spending, based on the GRP value of the jobs lost, would total $12.3 billion over the 2014-2020 period. The baseline economic growth forecast has

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gross regional product increasing by $57.8 billion for an annual average gain of 3.8%. If DoD procurement spending in Northern Virginia declined by additional one-third between 2014 and 2020, extending the losses experienced in 2012 and 2013 over the next six years, the Northern Virginia economy would only grow by $45.5 billion for an average annual rate of 3.0%. This re-duction in economic growth rate of 0.8 percentage points amounts to twenty-one percent slower growth rate than the baseline rate and would lower Northern Virginuia’s economic growth trajec-tory to well below its historic trend 5.55 percent (1990-2010).

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Table 28Summary of Economic Impacts of Changing Federal Procurement Spending in Northern Virginia and the Commonwealth of Virginia, 2014-2020

Northern Commonwealth Types of Impacts Virginia of Virginia

Annual Average Economic Growth RatesGrowth Rate 1990-2010 5.55% 2.7%Baseline Forecast1 3.8% 2.75%1/3 Reduction in DoD Procurement $s 3.3% 2.2%

Total Projected Job GrowthBaseline Forecast1 149,420 310,2801/3 Reduction in DoD Procurement $s 78,538 189,170Job Growth Difference between Forecasts 70,882 121,11Loss of Economic Value (in billions) $12.3 $16.6

Source: George Mason University, Center for Regional Analysis1 assumes federal spending will continue at 2014 levels between 2014 and 2020.

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The impacts of federal procurement spending reductions on the Northern Virginia and Virginia economies have been significant and these economies remain vulnerable to further federal spending reductions due to their disproportional dependencies on federal dollars as principal sources of export-based business. These vulnerabilities will continue until these economies further expand their non-federally dependent, export-based, high-value added business base and diminish their dependencies on federal spending as the principal drivers of economic growth.

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Appendix

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Installation Description Location

U.S. ARMY BASES

Fort A.P. Hill Fort A.P. Hill is a 76,000 acre, year-round, all-purpose, military training center in Virginia, one of the largest military bases on the East Coast. All branches of the military train here and it has become known as “Where America’s Military Sharpens Its Combat Edge.” At the cost of only $1 rent, the Boy Scouts of America have hosted their National Jamboree at Fort A.P. Hill on eight separate occasions. The Fort has been used as a staging area for troops deploying to Europe during the Korean War and for General Patton’s forces that invaded French Morocco.

Bowling Green, VA

Fort Belvoir Fort Belvoir is a US Army post located in Fairfax County, Virginia. It currently provides administrative support to over one hundred and twenty diverse tenants and satellite organizations within the facility. The base houses the headquarters for the Defense Logistics Agency, the Defense Acquisition University, the Defense Contract Audit Agency, the Defense Technical Information Center, the US Army Criminal Investigation Command, the United States Army Intelligence and Security Command, the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. These agencies are all under the United States Department of Defense. Fort Belvoir is also home base to a number of major commands such as the United States Materiel Command, nineteen agencies under the Department of the Army, eight elements under the US Army Reserve and the National Guard, and twenty-six Department of Defense agencies.

Fairfax County, VA

Fort Eustis Fort Eustis is a military base in the city of Newport News, Virginia. It was established in March 7, 1918 as a build up region for the military in preparation for the deployment to World War I. It was named in honor of Brevit Brigadier General Abraham Eustis, the first commanding officer of nearby Fort Monroe. At present, Fort Eustis manages a satellite post, Fort Story, located in Virginia Beach, Virginia. Fort Eustis and Fort Story are home to the US Army Transportation Center, the US Army Transportation School, the Non Commissioned Officers Academy, the Army Aviation Logistics School, and the 7TH Sustainment Brigade. The primary mission of the base is to educate and train officers and enlisted men on the transportation modes utilized by the US Army, as well as aviation maintenance, logistics and deployment doctrine and research.

Newport News, VA

Fort Lee Fort Lee is a US Army post located in the Petersburg and Tri-cities Area of Prince George County, Virginia. Originally named Camp Lee during its early years and serving as a mobilization camp and division training camp in 1917, it was named in honor of General Robert E. Lee, the most famous of all Civil War commanders of the Confederacy. It was redesignated as Fort Lee during the 1950s. Fort Lee is currently home to the headquarters of the US Army Combined Arms Support Command, the US Army Quartermaster Center and School, the Army Logistics University, the US Defense Commissary Agency, and the US Ordnance Center and Schools. Fort Lee is also home to the US Army Quartermaster Museum, the US Army Women’s Museum, and the Ordnance Museum which is expected to be opened in 2012.

Prince George County,VA

Table A-1Major Military Bases and Installations in Virginia

NOTE: The information presented in this table was copied verbatim from the following website: http://www.militaryauthority.com/wiki/military-bases/nationwide/virginia. For those who may be unfamiliar with the

vast scope of military activity located in Virginia, it provides an excellent overview of some of the major installations and missions and their locations.

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Fort Monroe Fort Monroe is a military installation located at Old Point Comfort, Hampton, Virginia. The geographical location of Fort Monroe, situated on the tip of the Virginia Peninsula, makes it a perfect position on which to guard the channel between Chesapeake Bay and the entrance to the harbor of Hampton Roads. Because of this, it is often called the Gibraltar of Chesapeake Bay. Fort Monroe’s construction began in 1819 and would expand to become the largest stone fort in the United States. Today, it is currently home to the Headquarters of the US Army Training and Doctrine Command. This command is in charge with supporting the operational fighting forces of the Army through developing doctrine and equipment requirements, designing and maintaining Army organization, and providing training for combat.

Hampton,VA

Fort Myer Fort Myer is a US Army installation located in Arlington County, Virginia, right next to Arlington National Cemetery. It houses the US Army Military District of Washington, the 3rd US Infantry, the1101st Signal Brigade, the Headquarters of Fort Myer Activities, the Headquarters and Headquarters Company of the US Army Garrison, the US Army Criminal Investigation Command, and the 501st Military Police Company. The base was built and established as Fort Whipple after Brevet Major General Amiel Weeks Whipple of the American Civil War on 1863. It then adopted its present name in 1880 in honor of Brigadier General Albert J. Myer, who established the Signal School of Instruction for Army and Navy Officers. Fort Myers was added to the National Register of Historical Places on November 28, 1972.

Arlington County, VA

U.S. AIR FORCE

Langley Air Force Base is located in Hampton, Virginia. It was established on December 30 1916, under the Army Air Service and named in honor of Samuel Pierpont Langley, one of the United State’s aviation pioneers. Langley AFB is home to the 633rd Air Base Wing, the 1st Fighter Wing, and the 480th Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing, Virginia National Guard’s 192D Fighter Wing, headquarters of the Air Combat Command, as well as the Global Cyberspace Integration Center. The base is one of the oldest but continuously active United States air bases. With 2,900 hectares of land area, the base is home to 8,800 military and 2,800 civilian personnel.

Hampton, VA

U.S. COAST GUARD

Finance Center The United States Coast Guard Financial Center serves as the Coast Guard’s main funds management unit. Its main office is located in Chesapeake, Virginia. One of the main duties of the Finance Center is to distribute the funds provided for the Coast Guard by the United States government. For this purpose, the Finance Center continuously determines and evaluates the needs of the various units. The center works closely with each unit’s logistic and finance departments, as well as other pertinent agencies. Aside from funds distribution, the Finance Center also monitors the use of funds by the various departments of the Coast Guard and evaluates these for better financial management.

Chesapeake,VA

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National Maritime Center

The National Maritime Center in Martinsburg, Western Virginia is the main office that oversees the licensing of qualified mariners for employment in seagoing vessels in the country. The NMC operates under the United States Coast Guard and is currently headed by Capt. Anthony S. Lloyd. One of the major tasks of the NMC is evaluate prospective mariners for the civilian maritime industry. For this, the NMC conducts regular exams to determine eligible mariners. The center also regularly review and revises its standards in order to be able to select the best qualified officers. Aside from this, the NMC also routinely evaluates schools offering maritime courses to ensure that they themselves are of the best qualities.


National Pollution Funds Center Arlington

The National Pollution Funds Center was created under the United States Coast Guard for the purpose of ensuring that companies transporting oil across American waters have the capability to handle any untoward incidents. The center currently holds office at Arlington, Virginia. As part of its main tasks, the NPFC assess the financial capability of incoming vessels in handling spills that might be caused by them. The center also maintains the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund, which is used to finance oil spill cleanup operations that are conducted by the Coast Guard. The center also handles the payment made by companies that have caused spills, as well as the reimbursement of claims made by those affected by the spill.

Arlington County,VA

Navigation Center Alexandria

The United States Coast Guard’s Navigation Center in Alexandria, Virginia is the agency’s main source of navigational information. The center also oversees the distribution of this information to the various seagoing vessels that travel across the country. The Navcen closely monitors maritime traffic and coordinate it as needed. In order to ensure that it has proper identification of all ships within the Coast Guard’s jurisdiction, the Navcen uses the automatic identification system (AIS), which immediately present the pertinent details about a particular ship. These are then sent out to other ships in the area for use. The center also provides GPS (global positioning system) and other navigation data for the ships plying US waters.

Alexandria,VA

Sector Hampton Roads Portsmouth

The United States Coast Guard Sector Hampton Roads is an onshore unit of the Coast Guard located at Portsmouth, Virginia. The sector belongs to the Coast Guard’s Fifth District, and is concerned with the state of Virginia. The sector is currently under the command of Capt. Mark Ogle. The main concern of Sector Hampton Roads is the enforcement of Coast Guard authority on the ports of Virginia. The sector also handles maritime incidents occurring in the area. For that, the sector has several specialized units under its control. In particular, it has a highly trained Response team that can be immediately deployed. Aside from its operational duty, the sector is also tasked with overseeing the welfare of the Coast Guard personnel in the area.

Hampton Roads/Portsmouth, VA

Telecom Systems Command

The Telecom and Information System Command is the unit that handles the operation and maintenance of the United States Coast Guard’s telecommunication and information system infrastructure. The main headquarters of TISCOM is located in Alexandria, Virginia. The unit is currently under the direction of Mark T. Powell. The TISCOM is responsible for ensuring that the Coast Guard has uninterrupted telecommunication and information transfer capabilities at all time. This encompasses a wide range of technology, including voice and data systems, as well as coordinating personnel communications. TISCOM is also at the forefront of technology development, as it aims to improve its capabilities. TISCOM is also involved in preventing information technology related crimes.

Alexandria, VA

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Training Center Yorktown

The United States Coast Guard Training Center in Yorktown is the main training center for Coast Guard personnel in the state of Virginia. The center is currently under the leadership of Captain William J. Milne. The center is located on Hamilton Road, in Yorktown, Virginia. The center offers a wide variety of training courses for both incoming and seasoned Coast Guard Personnel. These include such important functions , navigation and search and rescue procedures. There are also special courses like marine inspection and investigation. Aside from that, Yorktown also offers international training courses for interested personnel. Aside from training, the center houses several facilities for the use of Coast Guard servicemen.

Yorktown, VA

Henderson Hall Henderson Hall is a United States Marine Corps installation located in Arlington, Virginia, adjacent to Fort Myer and the Arlington National Cemetery. It was built in 1942 and named In honor of former commandant of the United States Marine Corps, Archibald Henderson. At present, Henderson Hall is managed by the installation itself and Fort Myer. It is currently home to the Headquarters Battalion, and the Headquarters of the United States Marine Corps. Henderson Hall is presently under the command of Colonel Roarke L. Anderson. Henderson Hall covers 22.3 acres and provides barracks and support for Marines stationed in its premises. Because of its inclusion in the Base Realignment and Closure 2005 Commission, Henderson Hall’s management functions was transferred to nearby Fort Myer, thereby establishing Joint Base Myer-Henderson Hall, Virginia.


U.S. MARINE CORP BASES

Marine Corp Base Quantico

Marine Corps Base Quantico, encompassing 100 square miles, is a training base for the Marine Corps, located in Quantico, Virginia. It is often called the Crossroads of the Marine Corps. Important Institutions housed in the base include: the Marine Corps Officer Candidates School, the Marine Corps University, the Marine Corps Basic School, the Marine Corps Embassy Security Group, the Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory of the Marine Corps Combat Development Command, the Marine Corps Recruiting Command, and the Marine Corps Research Center which is responsible for providing equipment research and development for use by the Marine Corps, especially in telecommunications. Other agencies and institutions housed in Marine Corps Base Quantico are the FBI Academy, the Drug Enforcement Administration’s principal training facility, and the National Museum of the Marine Corps.

PrinceWilliam County/Stafford County, VA

Joint Expeditionary Base Little Creek

Fort Story was being used by the military sincen 1914, but only became declared permanent on December 5th, 1961. Named after General John Patton Story, Fort Story is 1,451 acres of beach side land including: sandy beaches, swamps, and dunes. It is an ideal training environment for amphibious operations. Within the base there are some historical monuments like, the Memorial Cross that marks the landing of the Jamestown Settlers. There is also Old Cape Henry Light; the first lighthouse built by the Federal Government. On recommendation of the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure, Fort Story was transferred to the Navy and renamed in 2009 to Joint Expeditionary Base East.

U.S. NAVY BASES

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Medical Center Portsmouth

The Naval Medical Center in Portsmouth, Virginia is the United States Navy’s main medical facility in the city. The NMCP provides medical services for both active duty and retired US Armed Forces servicemen residing in the area. The NMCP is currently operating under the auspices of Rear Admiral Alton Stocks of the United States Navy Medical Corps. Aside from general patient care, the center also offers several medical programs. One of these is the Diabetes Self Management Education program, which is open to both military and civilian patients. The centers also routinely acts as a liaison for soldiers who are admitted to civilian hospitals and their parent units. Furthermore, the center provides training for incoming naval medical personnel.

Portsmouth, VA

Naval Amphibious Base (NAB) Little Creek

Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek is the primary base of operations for the United States Navy’s Amphibious Forces of the Atlantic Fleet. At 2,120 acres in land area, it is presently the largest base of its kind. The base is located in the northwest corner of Virginia Beach and has the primary mission of providing continuously improving support and services to operating forces numbering 15,000 and amphibious and shore commands with 27 stationed ships. The base’s operations and facilities are designed to be used for amphibious operations making it one of the few bases of its kind in operation today. Every year, 4,500 reservists and a large number of units from the Army, Navy, and the Marine Corps make use of the training facilities stationed in the base. The training is coordinated by the Naval and Marine Corps Reserve Readiness Center at Little Creek.

Norfolk, VA

Naval Air Station Oceana

Naval Air Station Oceana is a military base located in Virginia Beach, Virginia. One of its airfields is named Apollo Soucek Field, named in honor of Lieutenant Apollo Soucek who served as a Navy Test Pilot in the 1930s. It was built in 1943 and by the 1950s, it was expanded to Master Jet Base status. The primary mission of Naval Air Station Oceana is to train and deploy the strike fighter squadrons of the Atlantic Fleet. This includes fighter squadrons of F/A-18 Hornets and Super Hornets. The facility supports up to 219,000 flight training operations annually. The Naval Auxiliary Landing Field Fentress located in Chesapeake, Virginia and the Naval Station Norfolk Chambers Field in Norfolk, Virginia are under the command of Naval Air Station Oceana.

Virginia Beach, VA

Norfolk Naval Shipyard

Norfolk Naval Shipyard is a US Navy-operated shipyard located in Portsmouth, Virginia. The shipyard is in charge with building, remodeling, maintaining, upgrading, overhauling, and repairing all types of ships from tug ships to aircraft carriers to submarines of the US Navy. Having been built in the 1767, it is the Navy’s oldest as well as its largest industrial facility. The shipyard was originally British property named Gosport Shipyard and operated to support naval ships under the British Crown. During the American Revolution, the American government confiscated the shipyard. It was only during the American Civil War that the shipyard adopted its present name after its fall to the confederate forces. At present, the shipyard’s 6,750 civilian and military personnel work on 15% of the Navy’s active fleet at any given day.

Portsmouth, VA

82


Norfolk Naval Station

Naval Station Norfolk, encompassing 4,631 acres, is the world’s largest Naval Station. This can be attributed to its length of four miles of waterfront space, a pier measuring seven miles. Because of its huge size, it can accommodate 75 ships and 134 aircraft with its 14 piers and 11 aircraft hangars. This helps it house the largest concentration of US Naval Forces in the whole world. It is located in Norfolk, Virginia, and supports the naval forces of the United States Fleet Forces Command. This Fleet the primary US Navy Fleet assigned to operate in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Indian Ocean. The Naval Station is home port to aircraft carriers, cruisers, destroyers, large amphibious vessels, submarines, and a huge number of supply and logistics ships. Because of the sea traffic in the port, the Port Services is in charge with controlling the 3,100 ships’ movements yearly.

Norfolk, VA

Naval Support Activity

The Naval Support Activity facility in Norfolk, Virginia is the main support unit for the Atlantic Fleet of the United States Navy. The NSA is located in the Naval Station Norfolk base just outside the city. The unit is headed by Capt. Charles P. Melcher. The main task of NSA Norfolk is to provide support duties for the operation of the Atlantic Fleet and the entire naval station. One of their major work is the maintenance of the facilities that the fleet uses. The NSA also takes care of the housing units for all the personnel stationed at the base, including civilian employees. Finally, the NSA also handles the overall welfare of the people in the base by providing medical and recreational facilities.

Norfolk, VA

NSA Northwest Annex

The Naval Support Activity Northwest Annex is located in Chesapeake, Virginia, near the border with North Carolina. The NSA acts as a support unit for the the Naval forces station at Chesapeake. One of the major task of NSA Northwest annex is to provide support to worldwide US navy operations world wide. The NSA also oversees the activity of the NATO forces that are station at the bvase. Other than that, NSA Northwest Annex also does maintenance work on the operations and housing facilities used by navy personnel in the area. Aside from its military related tasks Northwest Annex also coordinates with the local communities for environmental purposes, one of these the preservation of the farms and wetlands in the area.

Chesapeake, VA

Naval Surface Warfare Center

Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division of the Naval Surface War Center is located in Northern Neck, Virginia. It was established as the US Naval Proving Ground on October 16, 1918, and was used as a test site for naval gunnery. The base is named in honor of Rear Admiral John A. Dahlgren of the Union Forces in the American Civil War. He is also recognized as the father of American Naval Ordnance. At present, the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division is host to three major commands which include the Naval Space Command, the AEGIS Training and Readiness Center, and the Joint Warfare Analysis Center. The center is composed of two organizations: the NSWC Dahlgren Lab, and the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dam Neck.

Dahlgren, VA

83


Naval Weapons Station (NWS)

Naval Weapons Station Yorktown is the US Atlantic Fleet’s primary weapons and ammunition storage and loading covering parts of York County, James City County, and Newport News in Virginia. Cheatham Annex, formerly part of the Fleet Industrial Supply Center, Norfolk, was combined with Naval Weapons Station Yorktown on October 1, 1988. This was in line with the Mid-Atlantic installation Consolidation of the US Navy. At present, the station is home to 25 tenant commands. Some major commands include the Atlantic Ordnance Command, the Naval Ophthalmic Support and Training Activity, the Marine Corps Second Fleet Antiterrorism Security Team, the Fleet Industrial Supply Center Detachment, Navy Expeditionary Medical Support Command, Navy Cargo Handling and Port Group, Riverine Squadron Three, Maritime Civil Affairs Squadron Two, and nineteen Storefronts.

Yorktown, VA

Surface Combat Systems (SCSC)

The Surface Combat Systems in Wallops Island, Accomack County, Virginia is a United States Navy facility used for the development and testing of equipment to be used by the Navy. The center is located near the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Wallops Flight Center, which SCSC also regularly utilizes. Cmdr. John J. Keegan is the current commanding officer of SCSC. The current SCSC team is composed of around 300 personnel. These include both civilian and military personnel. There are also several contractors station in the center, assisting the engineering team in various projects. Outside the base, there are several public schools where children of military and civilian personnel attend. There is also a community health center that provides the medical needs of the residents.

Wallops Iskand, Accomack County, VA

85

Virginia DoD Procurement Economic Impact Evaluation Evaluation Model

The tables that follow are based on a model developed by Chmura Economics and Analytics under the direction of the George Mason University Center for Re-gional Analysis. The model was prepared under contract with the Commonwealth of Virginia, with financial support from the Office of Economic Adjustment, Department of Defense.

The model is designed to measure workforce and economic impacts of Depart-ment of Defense contract spending in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It enables users to see how DoD procurement spending affects state, metropolitan area and local level economics in terms of gross product, total and industry sector employ-ment, wage structure of DoD-related jobs and other important economic indica-tors.

The information presented in this appendix is based on contract spending by product service category for fiscal year 2012 (October 1, 2012 - September 30, 2013). It is presented here, primarily, to illustrate the valuable information that this model is capable of producing for the State of Virginia and its local and regional economies. Currently, the model has been taken off-line and is not being updated due to a lack of on-going financial support.

Given the role that DoD procurement funding plays in supporting Virginia’s mil-itary partnersip with the U.S. government and the critical role military procure-ment plays in fueling economic growth and output in the Commonwealth, it is regretable that, during a time of economic uncertainty and enhanced vulnerabilty, information of this nature — and the model that has been developed to generate it — are not being utilized.

87

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Tabl

e A-5

con

tinue

d

105

DoD Spending(in millions)

By Product Service FY 2013 FY 2018Reduction\

ChangePercent Change

State of VirginiaTotal ................................................................ 41,405.1 27,918.4 -13,486.7 -32.6 Professional Services ...................................... 8,919.5 4,883.6 -4,035.9 -45.2 ADP And Telecommunications ....................... 6,883.4 4,884.8 -1,998.5 -29.0 Ships, Small Craft, Pontoon, Docks ................ 3,749.9 2,982.4 -767.5 -20.5 Management Support Services ........................ 2,106.7 1,267.9 -838.8 -39.8 ADP Eqpt/Software/Supplies And Eqpt .......... 1,830.5 1,196.7 -633.7 -34.6 Maint, Repair, Rebuild of Equipment ............. 1,728.5 1,431.1 -297.4 -17.2 Defense (Other) R&D 1,296.7 1,017.3 -279.4 -21.5 Other Research/Development 1,243.1 527.4 -715.8 -57.6 Defense Systems R&D 1,158.6 953.8 -204.8 -17.7 Non-Nuclear Ship Repair 1,051.2 1,253.2 202.0 19.2 Fire/Rescue/Safety; Enviro Protect 887.8 582.6 -305.2 -34.4 Comm/Detect/Coherent Radiation 777.4 577.6 -199.8 -25.7 Construction of Buildings 740.6 524.8 -215.9 -29.1 Administrative Support Services 637.9 344.0 -294.0 -46.1 Aircraft/Airframe Structure Compts 624.7 442.6 -182.1 -29.1 Transportation of Things 483.6 217.7 -265.9 -55.0 Special Studies - Not R&D 454.1 329.2 -124.9 -27.5 Furnace/Steam/Drying; Nucl Reactor 432.8 284.1 -148.8 -34.4 Electrical/Electronic Eqpt Compnts 344.2 185.2 -158.9 -46.2 Housekeeping Services 339.3 228.5 -110.9 -32.7 Maint, Alter, Repair Buildings 296.5 203.5 -92.9 -31.4 Fire Control Eqpt. 289.7 205.2 -84.4 -29.1 Education And Training Services 276.0 148.8 -127.2 -46.1 Maint, Alter, Repair Nonbuildings 267.6 189.6 -78.0 -29.1 Subsistence 260.1 116.8 -143.3 -55.1 Nursing, Nursing Home, Eval/Screen 257.1 300.4 43.3 16.9 Aircraft Components/Accessories 235.6 166.9 -68.7 -29.1 Utilities 227.4 161.1 -66.3 -29.1 Clothing/Individual Eqpt, Insignia 214.9 41.2 -173.7 -80.8 Operate Govt Owned Buildings 201.4 135.3 -66.1 -32.8 Arch-Eng Svcs - General 199.5 123.0 -76.5 -38.4 Gen. Science/Technology R&D 191.1 83.6 -107.4 -56.2 Training Aids And Devices 182.0 118.8 -63.2 -34.7 Fuels, Lubricants, Oils, Waxes 181.1 132.8 -48.2 -26.6 Weapons 160.5 113.7 -46.8 -29.1 Installation of Equipment 139.5 94.0 -45.6 -32.7 Medical/Dental/Veterinary Eqpt/Supp 136.8 89.5 -47.3 -34.6 Other Medical Services 118.6 138.6 20.0 16.9

Table A-6Potential impact of Sequestration on Virginia EconomyIf DoD Procurement Spending in the Commonwealth Decreases by a Third from 2013 to 2018Note: Equivalent to a 13.5 billion dollar decrease from 2013

Table shows potential spending reductions, by product service code, for the goods and services DoD purchases.

106




State of VirginiaVehicular Equipment Components 106.8 37.0 -69.8 -65.4 Medical, Dental, And Surgical Svcs 106.5 124.4 17.9 16.9 Instruments And Laboratory Eqpt 92.9 61.1 -31.8 -34.2 Social Services 85.0 45.8 -39.2 -46.1 Ammunition And Explosives 82.8 58.7 -24.1 -29.1 Hardware And Abrasives 66.7 37.6 -29.2 -43.7 Motor Vehicles, Cycles, Trailers 65.5 33.7 -31.8 -48.5 Medical R&D 63.4 33.5 -30.0 -47.2 Equipment And Materials Testing 63.3 38.6 -24.7 -39.0 Quality Control Services 62.5 42.6 -19.9 -31.8 Travel, Lodging, Recruitment Svcs 54.6 34.5 -20.1 -36.7 Ship And Marine Equipment 51.0 60.8 9.8 19.2 Engines And Turbines And Component 45.5 29.9 -15.6 -34.3 Other Quality, Test, Inspect Svcs 45.2 27.2 -17.9 -39.7 Chemicals And Chemical Products 44.4 23.9 -20.5 -46.2 Lease Or Rental of Equipment 40.7 26.3 -14.4 -35.4 Technical Representative Services 40.7 24.4 -16.3 -40.1 Construct Nonbuilding Facilities 38.2 27.0 -11.1 -29.1 Natural Resources - Other Svcs 36.8 19.8 -17.0 -46.1 Prefab Structures/Scaffolding 34.0 22.3 -11.7 -34.4 Electric Wire, Power Distrib Eqpt 33.6 21.6 -12.0 -35.7 Furniture 33.1 21.7 -11.4 -34.4 Office Supplies And Devices 33.1 17.8 -15.3 -46.2 General Health Care Services 30.4 35.5 5.1 16.9 Inspection Services 30.1 17.3 -12.9 -42.7 Aircraft Launch/Land/Ground Handle 24.6 17.4 -7.2 -29.1 Office Mach/Text Process/Visib Rec 24.0 15.8 -8.3 -34.4 Other Transport, Travel, Relocat Sv 23.4 15.5 -7.9 -33.8 Construct of Restoration Activities 23.1 16.4 -6.7 -29.1 Relocation Or Travel Agent Services 22.8 15.1 -7.7 -33.8 Photogr, Mapping, Printing, Publish 22.2 13.5 -8.7 -39.3 Pumps And Compressors 21.0 13.8 -7.2 -34.4 Photographic Eqpt 18.7 12.3 -6.5 -34.4 Space R&D 16.5 13.3 -3.2 -19.2

Household/Commerc Furnish/Appliance 16.2 10.6 -5.6 -34.4 Containers/Packaging/Packing Suppl 15.7 9.7 -6.0 -38.3 Textile/Leather/Fur; Tent; Flag 14.1 2.7 -11.4 -80.8 Community Service/Dev. R&D 12.8 5.4 -7.4 -58.1 Construction And Building Material 11.9 6.4 -5.5 -46.2 Guided Missles 11.9 8.4 -3.5 -29.1 Alarm, Signal, Security Detection 11.0 7.3 -3.7 -33.4 Valves 10.0 6.6 -3.5 -34.4 Metalworking Machinery 9.3 6.1 -3.2 -34.4

Table A-6 continued

107




State of VirginiaBooks, Maps, Other Publications 9.1 6.1 -3.0 -33.0 Laboratory Testing Services 9.0 10.6 1.5 16.9 Refrig, Air Condit/Circulat Eqpt 8.8 5.8 -3.0 -34.4 Environmental Systems Protection 8.5 4.6 -3.9 -46.0 Pipe, Tubing, Hose, And Fittings 8.1 5.3 -2.8 -34.4 Maint/Repair Shop Eqpt 7.9 5.4 -2.4 -31.1 Agriculture R&D 7.6 3.2 -4.4 -58.1 Special Industry Machinery 7.3 4.8 -2.5 -34.4 Service And Trade Eqpt 7.3 4.8 -2.5 -34.4 Lease/Rental of Buildings 7.2 6.3 -0.9 -12.3 Modification of Equipment 7.2 6.5 -0.6 -9.0 Mechanical Power Transmission Eqpt 6.7 4.4 -2.3 -34.4 Miscellaneous 6.6 4.1 -2.5 -37.8 Fiber Optic 6.1 3.5 -2.6 -43.1 Arch-Eng Svcs - Construction 6.0 3.6 -2.5 -40.7 Materials Handling Eqpt 5.0 3.3 -1.7 -34.4 Environmental Protection R&D 4.7 2.0 -2.7 -57.1 Plumbing, Heating, Waste Disposal 4.2 2.8 -1.5 -34.4 Maint, Alter, Repair Restor Acvivs 4.1 2.9 -1.2 -29.1 Lighting Fixtures, Lamps 4.0 2.6 -1.4 -35.4 Hand Tools 4.0 2.6 -1.4 -34.4 Engine Accessories 3.7 2.4 -1.2 -33.0 Demolition of Nonbuilding Facility 3.5 2.4 -1.2 -32.7 Live Animals 3.1 1.7 -1.4 -46.2 Rope, Cable, Chain, Fittings 3.0 2.0 -1.0 -34.4 Economic Growth/Productivity R&D 2.5 1.3 -1.2 -49.1 Food Preparation/Serving Eqpt 2.4 1.6 -0.8 -34.4 Bearings 2.3 1.5 -0.8 -34.4 Operate Gov Owned Nonbuilding Facil 2.3 1.6 -0.7 -29.1 Nonmetallic Fabricated Materials 2.0 1.1 -0.9 -46.2 Recreational/Athletic Eqpt 1.9 1.3 -0.7 -34.4 Construct/Mine/Excavate/Highwy Eqpt 1.9 1.3 -0.7 -34.4 Water Purification/Sewage Treatment 1.9 1.2 -0.7 -34.4 Energy R&D 1.9 0.8 -1.1 -58.1 Education R&D 1.8 0.9 -0.9 -50.1 Motor Pool Or Packing/Crating 1.4 0.6 -0.8 -55.0 Tires And Tubes 1.0 0.7 -0.3 -29.4 Musical Inst/Phonograph/Home Radio 0.8 0.5 -0.3 -35.7 Demolition of Buildings 0.7 0.4 -0.2 -32.7 Metal Bars, Sheets, Shapes 0.6 0.3 -0.3 -46.2 Measuring Tools 0.6 0.4 -0.2 -34.4 Natural Resources R&D 0.6 0.2 -0.3 -58.1 Brushes, Paints, Sealers, Adhesives 0.6 0.3 -0.3 -46.2

Table A-6 continued

108




State of VirginiaToiletries 0.6 0.3 -0.3 -46.2 Agricultural Supplies 0.6 0.3 -0.3 -49.6 Cleaning Eqpt And Supplies 0.5 0.3 -0.2 -45.9 Lumber, Millwork, Plywood, Veneer 0.5 0.2 -0.2 -46.2 Natural Resource Conservervat Svcs 0.2 0.1 -0.1 -32.7 Nuclear Ordnance 0.2 0.1 -0.1 -29.1 Purchase Buildings 0.2 0.1 -0.0 -29.1 Agricultural Machinery And Eqpt 0.1 0.1 -0.0 -34.4 Transportation (Other) R&D 0.1 0.1 -0.1 -46.1 Ores, Minerals And Primary Products 0.1 0.0 -0.0 -46.2 Woodworking Machinery And Eqpt 0.1 0.1 -0.0 -34.4 Tractors 0.1 0.0 -0.0 -34.4 Mining R&D 0.0 0.0 -0.0 -58.1 Lease/Rental Nonbuilding Facilities 0.0 0.0 -0.0 -29.1 Disposal of Excess/Surplus Property 0.0 0.0 -0.0 -32.7 Railway Equipment 0.0 0.0 -0.0 -34.4 Transportation (Modal) R&D 0.0 0.0 -0.0 -46.1 Social Services R&D 0.0 0.0 0.0 -58.1 Nonmetallic Crude Materials 0.0 0.0 0.0 -46.2 Space Vehicles <1k <1k <1k 0.0 Housing R&D <1k <1k <1k 0.0 Income Security R&D <1k <1k <1k 0.0 Other Salvage Services <1k <1k <1k 0.0 Dependent Medicare Services <1k <1k <1k 0.0

Table A-6 continued

109

DoD

Spe

ndin

g(M

illio

ns)

By

Prod

uct S

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ce F

Y 2

013

FY 2

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Red

uctio

n\

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Perc

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Cha

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Nor

ther

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2.8

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7,67

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135.

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Tabl

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Pote

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Vir

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Red

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Com

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34

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59.3

42

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Educ

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Def

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37

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Ship

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6.9

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Sh

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Fuel

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6 Tr

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Serv

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