Federal Initiatives onActive Shooter andLarge-scale Incidents

- Can we help?- Are you prepared?

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Deputy Director’s Office of Partner Engagement, Active Shooter Initiative

Section Chief Katherine Schweit; katherine.schweit@ic.fbi.gov

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WH Initiatives

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Run Hide Fight

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Focal Point of “ReadyHouston” Effort

• Released July 2012 – available on YouTube, permissions granted• Identified by the WH committee in January 2013; best practice• Languages: English, Spanish, Vietnamese, Chinese, Japanese• More than 5M hits on main sight and downloadable

WH Initiatives

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FBI Initiatives

“The Coming Storm”

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• A 40-minute feature film• Law enforcement executives• Shares critical

• after action detailsbest practices inunified command

• Unexpected result • Value to others

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“The most valuable death notifications are delivered by trained professionals who utilize best practices, including pre-planning, compassionate notification, and coordinated follow up.”

“We Regret to Inform You…”

The FBI’s Office of Victim Assistance and The Pennsylvania State University have developed a no-cost,

online training program that can be found at www.deathnotification.psu.edu.

The way a death notification is made significantly impacts a family’s grieving process, and can have a ripple

effect on potential prosecutions and recovery.

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FBI Initiatives

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Allow S/L to carry with them useful tools to understand LEO exceptions to HIPPA and FRPAFBI Initiatives

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• HIPPA and FERPA, two information privacy statutes, continue to vex citizens and law enforcement alike.

• FBI drafted these cards with the Law Enforcement exceptions articulated• Health and Human Services and Dept. of Education jointly released • Police are better informed

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FBI Tools

App for State and Local Law

Enforcement on the FBI’s Incident

Command Commander Pocket

Guide 7

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Purpose:

•Baseline

•Quantify problem

160 incidents

• United States only

• 14 years; 2000 to 2013

• In-home domestic, drug and gang violence excluded

• Number injured or killed not decisive factor in inclusion

• Not a study of “mass killings”

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Allow S/L to carry with them useful tools to understand LEO exceptions to HIPPA and FRPAFBI Initiatives

Blair, J. Pete, and Schweit, Katherine W. (2014). A Study of Active Shooter Incidents, 2000 - 2013. Texas State University and Federal Bureau of Investigation, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington D.C. 2014.

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• An average of 11.4 incidents occurred annually

• An average of 6.4 incidents occurred in the first 7 years studiedand an average of 16.4 occurred in the last 7 years

• Shootings occurred in 40 of 50 states, andDistrict of Columbia

• In 63 incidents where the duration could easily be ascertained, 69% ended in 5 minutes or less; 23 in 2 minutes or less.

• 70% of the incidents occurred in either acommerce/business or educational environment

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• Casualties: killed and wounded.

• 1,043; shooters are not included in this total• 486 individuals were killed; 557 wounded

• In at least 15 (9.4%) incidents, family members were targeted resulting in 20 killed and 1 wounded.

• In 16 (10%) incidents, current, former, or estranged wives as well as current or former girlfriends were targeted resulting in 12 killed, 3 wounded and 1 unharmed. In addition, 42 others at the scene were killed and 28 wounded

• Mean number of casualties did not change

• 2 killed, 2 wounded, per incident.

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Resolutions

• A majority of incidents ended before police arrived

• In 45 incidents (28.1%) law enforcement had to engage the shooter to end the threat

• In 21 of those 45 incidents (46.7%) the LEOs sufferedcasualties; 9 killed, 28 wounded

• Off-duty law enforcement also were involved in 4 incidentsresulting in the death of 1 shooter, 1 shooter killed incollaboration with uniformed officers and 2 shootersapprehended.

• In 21 incident the shooting ended when unarmed citizens were successfully able to restrain shooter;

• 11 involved school administrators, faculty, staff and students

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• Commerce, 73 (46%)

• Businesses Open to Pedestrian Traffic, 44 (27.5%)

• Businesses Closed to Pedestrian Traffic, 23 (14.3%)

• Malls, 6 (3.8%)

• Education, 39 (24%)

• Schools (Pre-K to 12), 27 (16.9%)

• Institutions of Higher Education (IHE), 12 (7.5%)

• Government, 16 (10%)

• Other Government Properties, 11 (6.9%)

• Military, 5 (3.1%)

• Open Spaces, 15 (9.4%);

• Residences: 7 (4.4%)

• Houses of Worship, 6 (3.8%)

• Health Care Facilities, 4 (2.5%)

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73 incidents in commercial facilities, malls and businesses openand closed to pedestrian traffic

• 6 in malls; 17 killed 18 wounded;Resolutions: 3 suicides, 2 apprehended, 1 killed

• 44 in businesses open to pedestrian traffic; 124 killed, 181 wounded11 current or former employees

Resolutions: 19 suicides, 17 apprehended, 6 killed, 2 fled

• 23 in businesses closed to pedestrian traffic, 69 killed 73 wounded10 supervisors/managers/company owners killed; 5 wounded

• Resolution (only 4 before police arrived)16 suicide; 3 killed by police; 4 apprehended

• ShootersAges 21 to 68; Two females

22 of 23 current or former employees (3 former, 4 fired that day, 1 suspended)

• One had a relationship with a current employee

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Prepared by the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Active Shooter UnitDeputy Director’Office of Partner Engagement

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Pre-Attack Indicators• Many offenders who engage in targeted violence may display

certain behaviors during pre-attack planning.

• These predatory behaviors may be observable to persons familiar with the offender.

• Behaviors may include:

• Development of a personal grievance.

• Contextually inappropriate and recent acquisition of multiple weapons.

• Contextually inappropriate and recent escalation in target practice and weapons training.

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Prevention

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Many of the shooters were described as “social isolates,” harbored feelings of hate or anger, and/or had some reported contact with mental health professionals.•Few had previous arrests for violent crimes.•In many of these events at least one person knew that the attacker was thinking about planning the attack.•Contextually inappropriate and recent interest in explosives and Improvised Explosive Devices.•Contextually inappropriate and intense interest or fascination with previous active shootings or mass attacks.•Significant real or perceived personal loss in the weeks or months leading up to the attack, such as a death, breakup, divorce, or loss of a job.

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Prevention

• Peers and family members are the most likely to hear things or see behaviors that indicate a person is on a trajectory towards violence.

• Don’t dismiss your hunches and concerns

• Don’t say he didn’t mean it or it can’t happen here.

• Trust that law enforcement professionals will investigate and not just arrest people

• Be confident that a timely call to the FBI tip line or local law enforcement about even a small piece of information might help save lives.

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Prevention

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Pre-Attack Indicators

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Next

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• Overwhelmed dispatch: pre-build way to communicate with employees AND their family and friends.

• Physical space concerns: pre-identify potential locations first responder can use for family, interviews, medical, media….

• Time consuming interviews and evidence collection:

• Police don’t have time to get missing medicine or phones

• Prepare to assist employee on these matters

Continuity of operations begins with you.

• Be engaged with unified command; indicate your needs

• Prepare for alternate work sites for various job functions

• Have a Go Bag for first responders

• You need a media person AT the scene, or you have no say

• Coordinated messaging must include unified command

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First Responder Problems = Your Problems

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Organizational Planning• Have a plan

• Make plan specific to your location/structures

• Plan should be flexible

• Train to the plan

• Plan must not depend on hierarchal structure

• There won’t be enough emergency personnel

to care for all of the wounded.

• Train people in tourniquet use, have them onsite

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First Responder Problems = Your Problems

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Pre-Attack Indicators

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Next

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Pre-Attack Indicators

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You said you are looking for…

Are these the right focus areas?

2017 Initiatives

Follow on documentary• Navy Yard (federal buildings); Aurora, Colorado (theater); LAX (airport) shooting at Los Angeles

Internationally Coordination• EU, Canada, Brussels, NATO, England, Australia

LEO Tactical Training: $28M, 45,000 trained in 3 years

Best Practices and better intelligence sharing

WH Committee coordination for trends, best practices

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Ongoing Concerns

Fort Hood Shooter

• time; 4:16 to 6:03 p.m.

• six locations

Navy Yard Shooter

• randomness; no specific target

• time: 8:16 to 9:25 a.m.

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Boston Marathon Bombing

San Bernardino

• IEDs

• Multiple actors

• Multiple targets

• Public venues

Warm Zone Clearing

Prevention Efforts

Ongoing Concerns

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• Active Shooter Online Training

• This one-hour online course (IS-907 Active Shooter: What You Can Do) provides an introductory lesson on the actions that may be taken when confronted by an active shooter, as well as indicators of workplace violence and how to manage the consequences of an incident. To access this course, please visit the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Emergency Management Institute online training website at http://www.training.fema.gov/is/crslist.aspx and type Active Shooter in the search bar.

• Active Shooter Preparedness Workshop Series

• These scenario-based workshops feature facilitated discussions to inform participants on the best practices associated with preparing for and responding to an active shooter incident. Through a dynamic exchange of information, these workshops provide participants an understanding of how to plan and aid in the development of an initial draft of an emergency action plan for their organizations. For more information on these workshops, please contact the Active Shooter Preparedness Program at ASworkshop@hq.dhs.gov.

• Active Shooter Online Resources

• There are additional resources available online to inform individuals on how to prepare for active shooter incidents. These resources range from booklets and pocket guides, to a 90-minute webinar that explains the importance of developing an emergency action plan and the need to train employees on how to respond to an incident. To access these resources, please visit http://www.dhs.gov/activeshooter.

• Contact Information

• For general information regarding the Active Shooter Preparedness Program, please email ASworkshop@hq.dhs.gov.

• FBI Link: https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/office-of-partner-engagement/active-shooter-incidents

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Resources

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