Feb 25, 2006; Vol. 169, No. 8 Exercise is Good for the Brain Judy L. Cameron, Ph.D. University of...
-
Upload
ximena-fenner -
Category
Documents
-
view
212 -
download
0
Transcript of Feb 25, 2006; Vol. 169, No. 8 Exercise is Good for the Brain Judy L. Cameron, Ph.D. University of...
![Page 1: Feb 25, 2006; Vol. 169, No. 8 Exercise is Good for the Brain Judy L. Cameron, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Psychiatry Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f9496133a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Feb 25, 2006; Vol. 169, No. 8
Exercise is Good for the Brain
Judy L. Cameron, Ph.D.
University of PittsburghDept. of Psychiatry
Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine
Director, Outreach for the Clinical Translational Science Institute
and
The Oregon National Primate Research Center
Senior Scientist
![Page 2: Feb 25, 2006; Vol. 169, No. 8 Exercise is Good for the Brain Judy L. Cameron, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Psychiatry Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f9496133a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Experimental Model:Rhesus monkeys and Cynomolgus monkeys
![Page 3: Feb 25, 2006; Vol. 169, No. 8 Exercise is Good for the Brain Judy L. Cameron, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Psychiatry Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f9496133a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Bill GreenoughRunning wheel
Complex environment Cage potato
![Page 4: Feb 25, 2006; Vol. 169, No. 8 Exercise is Good for the Brain Judy L. Cameron, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Psychiatry Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f9496133a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Exercise TrainingFemale Cynomolgus Monkeys
Two age groupsMiddle aged (10-12 years)Older age (15-17 years)
Three experimental groupsRunners (run 5 months)Sedentary (sit 5 months)
Run-Stops (run 5 mo, sit 3 mo)
Running protocol80% max heart rate
1 hr/day, 5 days/week20 weeks
![Page 5: Feb 25, 2006; Vol. 169, No. 8 Exercise is Good for the Brain Judy L. Cameron, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Psychiatry Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f9496133a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Cognitive Testing: WGTA
![Page 6: Feb 25, 2006; Vol. 169, No. 8 Exercise is Good for the Brain Judy L. Cameron, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Psychiatry Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f9496133a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Monkeys that exercise are more attentive, and learn to use the testing apparatus
twice as fast.
![Page 7: Feb 25, 2006; Vol. 169, No. 8 Exercise is Good for the Brain Judy L. Cameron, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Psychiatry Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f9496133a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
What is the affect of being more alert and attentive while you are in school??
![Page 8: Feb 25, 2006; Vol. 169, No. 8 Exercise is Good for the Brain Judy L. Cameron, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Psychiatry Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f9496133a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Running Increases Vascular Volume in the Motor Cortex of Older Animals
Sedentary
Runner
Run-Stop
BrdU-labeled endothelial cell
![Page 9: Feb 25, 2006; Vol. 169, No. 8 Exercise is Good for the Brain Judy L. Cameron, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Psychiatry Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f9496133a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Running Increased Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus of Middle-aged Monkeys
III tubulin
BrdU
*
Middle age Older age
*
![Page 10: Feb 25, 2006; Vol. 169, No. 8 Exercise is Good for the Brain Judy L. Cameron, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Psychiatry Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f9496133a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Running Increased the Production of Astrocytes in the Motor Cortex
BrdU
S100
NeuN
*
Middle age Older age
**
![Page 11: Feb 25, 2006; Vol. 169, No. 8 Exercise is Good for the Brain Judy L. Cameron, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Psychiatry Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f9496133a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• Exercise increases vascular volume in the cortex, neurogenesis in the hippocampus, and gliogenesis in many brain regions.
Conclusions:
Clinical Implications: Exercise may counteract changes in the brain with aging, and protect against neurodegenerative diseases (i.e., PD, AD, & stroke)
![Page 12: Feb 25, 2006; Vol. 169, No. 8 Exercise is Good for the Brain Judy L. Cameron, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Psychiatry Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f9496133a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Neuroprotective
Effects of Exercise
Zhiming Zhang, Ph.D.Univ. Kentucky
Michael Zigmond, Ph.D.
Rehana Leak, Ph.D.
Brian Lopresti, Ph.D.
Chet Mathis, Ph.D.Univ. Pittsburgh
Karoly Mirnics, Ph.D.Vanderbilt Univ.
NINDS: R21 NS053471, P50 NS019608
![Page 13: Feb 25, 2006; Vol. 169, No. 8 Exercise is Good for the Brain Judy L. Cameron, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Psychiatry Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f9496133a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Braak et al., 2004Lewy body
Substantia nigra
Norm
PD
Parkinson’s Disease
![Page 14: Feb 25, 2006; Vol. 169, No. 8 Exercise is Good for the Brain Judy L. Cameron, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Psychiatry Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f9496133a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Experimental Design
Running (1 hr/day, 5 days/wk)[Sedentary, 60% max hr, 80% max hr]
3 months
MPTP(0.8 mg)
Running/Sedentary
1.5 months
Adult, femaleRhesus monkeys(15-20 yrs. old)
![Page 15: Feb 25, 2006; Vol. 169, No. 8 Exercise is Good for the Brain Judy L. Cameron, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Psychiatry Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f9496133a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Monkeys with Highest Levels of Physical Activity had the Least Damage to Nigrostriatal Dopamine Neurons
![Page 16: Feb 25, 2006; Vol. 169, No. 8 Exercise is Good for the Brain Judy L. Cameron, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Psychiatry Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f9496133a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Monkeys with Highest Levels of Physical Activity had the Least Damage to Nigrostriatal Dopamine Neurons
![Page 17: Feb 25, 2006; Vol. 169, No. 8 Exercise is Good for the Brain Judy L. Cameron, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Psychiatry Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f9496133a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
![Page 18: Feb 25, 2006; Vol. 169, No. 8 Exercise is Good for the Brain Judy L. Cameron, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Psychiatry Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f9496133a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Being more active, regardless of the quantity of aerobic exercise undertaken, can protect DA neurons in the striatum from neurotoxic damage
Conclusions:
Clinical Implications: Maintaining an active lifestyle may significantly protect the brain against neurodegenerative diseases (i.e., Parkinson’s Disease), or be useful in decreasing the rate of progression of Parkinson’s Disease. This is a health strategy that would be accessible to many people regardless of their baseline fitness.
![Page 19: Feb 25, 2006; Vol. 169, No. 8 Exercise is Good for the Brain Judy L. Cameron, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Psychiatry Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f9496133a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Changes in the
Brain with Normal Activity
Elinor Sullivan, Ph.D.ONPRC
Karoly Mirnics, Ph.D.Vanderbilt Univ.
![Page 20: Feb 25, 2006; Vol. 169, No. 8 Exercise is Good for the Brain Judy L. Cameron, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Psychiatry Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f9496133a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Monkeys Have Been Fitted with Activity Monitors
![Page 21: Feb 25, 2006; Vol. 169, No. 8 Exercise is Good for the Brain Judy L. Cameron, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Psychiatry Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f9496133a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
There are LARGE individual differences in daily activity levels
![Page 22: Feb 25, 2006; Vol. 169, No. 8 Exercise is Good for the Brain Judy L. Cameron, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Psychiatry Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f9496133a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Does General Activity Affect Health?
![Page 23: Feb 25, 2006; Vol. 169, No. 8 Exercise is Good for the Brain Judy L. Cameron, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Psychiatry Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f9496133a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Monkeys put on a High Fat Diet Show Large Individual Differences in Weight Gain
50
70
90
110
130
150
170
190
Pe
rce
nt w
eig
ht g
ain
Initial Weight
AfterOvx
5 moHigh fat
diet
9 moHigh fat
diet
![Page 24: Feb 25, 2006; Vol. 169, No. 8 Exercise is Good for the Brain Judy L. Cameron, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Psychiatry Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f9496133a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Only Activity Predicts Body Weight Changein Adulthood
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0
24
6
8
10
12p =0.03 p =0.58 p =0.14
Activity Food Intake Metabolic Rate
Lowest25%
Highest25%
Lowest25%
Highest25%
Lowest25%
Highest25%
Per
cent
Cha
nge
Bod
y W
eigh
t
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
![Page 25: Feb 25, 2006; Vol. 169, No. 8 Exercise is Good for the Brain Judy L. Cameron, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Psychiatry Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f9496133a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
• Being more active is the best way to prevent adult weight gain.
Conclusion:
Clinical Implications: Maintaining an active lifestyle is very important for preventing adult weight gain and obesity. With 60% of the adult population in the United States overweight, increasing activity is critically important for prevention of obesity-related diseases including heart attacks, strokes, and diabetes.
![Page 26: Feb 25, 2006; Vol. 169, No. 8 Exercise is Good for the Brain Judy L. Cameron, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Psychiatry Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f9496133a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Current and Future Directions
• What are the intracellular mechanisms by which exercise modulates neuronal function?
• What are the differential effects of high activity vs. aerobic exercise?
• Will exercise be useful as a therapy or adjunct therapy in treating:– Substance abuse (smoking: Drs. Kupfer, Soreca and Monk)
– Depression and Bipolar Disorder (Drs. Kupfer, Frank)
– Neurodegenerative diseases (Drs. Zigmond, Zhang, Mirnics)
– Normal aging (Drs. Zigmond, Mirnics)
![Page 27: Feb 25, 2006; Vol. 169, No. 8 Exercise is Good for the Brain Judy L. Cameron, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Psychiatry Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f9496133a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Physiological Studies
Nathan Rockcastle
Joan Bytheway, Ph.D.
Kris McCormick
Henry Lange
Matt Johnson
Maria Centeno, Ph.D.
Neuroanatomy
Sean Kohler
Jenny Boklewski
Georgina Aldridge
Robert Galvez
Biochemistry, Gene Expression
Amanda Mitchell, Ph.D.
Krassimira Garbett
Amanda Smith, Ph.D.
Sandra Castro
![Page 28: Feb 25, 2006; Vol. 169, No. 8 Exercise is Good for the Brain Judy L. Cameron, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Psychiatry Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f9496133a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Questions?