Fear of the dark matter

Professor: LissC. Werner, Architektin, Ba[hons] arch. Dip arch[Bartlett] Maarch

Team:Matt Gaydon

Asa DarmatriajiOlga KovrikovaPolina Plotkina

Contents

project descriptionresearchphotographs of the models photographs of the processdefinitiondiagramsprevious researchbibliography

‘Fear of the Dark Matter’ blurs the boundaries between human interaction and ferrofluid deformation through invisible forces. This deformation of the ferro-fluid; a liquid phase changing liquid that reacts to magnet forces, will be achieved though a recursive process based on two main adaptive systems; sensing and reacting. Anytime either anyone or an inanimate object tried to come in contact the ferrofluid will disperse from within close proximity of it and form spikes to varying levels depending on distance to the form on other areas of the surface of the bowl, thus in turn, creating the effect that the black fluid deforms and defies grav-ity for fear of being touched. The calculation of distance between the liquid and the intruding form will be calculated both physically with ultrasonic distance sensors and through com-putational analysis,which denote the intensity of each the program mable electro-magnets that envelopt heunderside of a glass bowl containing the ferro-fluid simulta neously controlling the fluid deformation. This model can be understood as an adaptive form deformation and transformation within the nature and also as ares ponsive systeminevolutionary architecture and cybernetics field.The architectural relevance Link of our project with architecture, is at the level of formation and at the development of methodology for the project. Manifestation of forms of ferrofluid may be a different method of education forms depending on external factors. The project has communicative relationship with the architectural shaping of spaces, as well as the possibility of applying this approach in real projects and art installations. It is no longer just about analogies and parallels, remote, and the applica-tion of techniques and theoretical models of interest in knowledge. This demon-strates the growing desire of architects and architectural theorists to look at it with new, was not previously studied. The fact that representations of science are increasingly paying attention to architecture as a scientific field. That is interesting and useful in our work. The phenomena of the globalization of architecture in other areas of science is prominent nowadays and vice versa. Experiments with a ferrofluid has been used as an art objects some times ago. Our experiment relates more on the influence of cybernetic research, based on robust methodology, on our object. The object acquires the properties, depending on the person doing certain settings.Architectural and design decisions are increasingly oriented to creating conditions that allow flexible "link" to various kinds of cultural activities in the cognitive struc-ture of an object. This means continuity, overflow spaces, dynamics and communi-cative. It is these properties, we can see on our object. Despite the seeming ran-domness, all the movements clearly defines logic and calculated according to each moment. Project - cybernetic machine Our project can be called a cybernetic machine, as it directly cause the reaction of the system in the behavior of the object. It emerged at the turn of mathematics, logic, programming, physics and architectural structure. Our project directly apply the concepts of cybernetics to the device man-agement and analysis. The logic of moving of the magnet on the guide step by step has been calculated, and also it is completely controllable, which makes our object interac-tive.

Description

Ferro Fluid Research

Ferrofluid is a fluid that can turn into a solid-like substance in the presence of a magnet.

When the magnet is removed, it instantly turns into a fluid

again. The fluid consists out of iron nanoparticles (ferro) and a solvent (mostly oil or water).

To prevent separation of the iron particles and the solvent, a

surfactant is used. This surfactant has a head-tale

construction and works like a detergent. The polar part

(head or tale) is attracted to an iron particle and the non-polar part is attracted to the

carrier fluid. This makes the ferrofluid an homogeneous

liquid.

When the ferrofluid is invoked by a magnetic field, it forms a regular pattern of peaks and

valleys. This phenomenon is caused by the so called

normal-field instability. Since the fluid is easier magnetized

than the air, the magnetic energy tends to travel as far as possible through the fluid form-ing spikes. Due to gravity force

and surface tension, the fluid immediately returns into its flat

stage when the magnetic energy is removed.

Ferrofluids have the capability to reduce friction, because of

its often oily solvent. When applied to a strong magnet,

the fluid can provide an almost frictionless gliding of a magnet

on a smooth surface.

sample ferrofluid evolution.

2. This is the three large spherical magnets, stuck together end to end and lying under the plate. A fairly strong field

at each end with a noticeable tendency towards the other end, and a weak field from the ball in the middle

Ferrofluids are weak magnetic materials - they have a low "saturation magnetisation". The saturation magnetisation,

measured in Gauss, is the maximum value of the mag-netic moment per unit volume when all the domains are

aligned. This ferrofluid's got saturation magnetisation value of 400G, compared with 17,000G for iron.

1.Here, the ferrofluid's on a china plate, and the two flat hard drive magnets are under the plate (and stuck quite firmly to it by their attraction to the fluid). The drive mag-

nets have a very intense field close to their surface, so the spikes are tiny.

1.

2.

With a neodymium magnet pulling on it, though, 400G saturation magnetisation is quite enough to make ferrofluid

defy gravity.

Magnetic Field Research

Magnets create magnetic fields. These cannot be seen.

They fill the space around a magnet where the magnetic forces work, where they can

attract or repel magnetic materi-als. Although we cannot see

magnetic fields, we can detect them using iron filings. The tiny

pieces of iron line up in a mag-netic field.

In the diagram, note that:

- the field lines have arrows on them - the field lines come out of N and go into S - the field lines are more con-centrated at the poles.

The magnetic field is strongest at the poles, where the field lines

are most concentrated.

Magnetic fields are produced by electric currents, which can be

macroscopic currents in wires, or microscopic currents associated

with electrons in atomic orbits. The magnetic field B is defined in terms of force on moving charge in the Lorentz force law. The inter-

action of magnetic field with charge leads to many practical

applications. Magnetic field sources are essentially dipolar in

nature, having a north and south magnetic pole. The SI unit for

magnetic field is the Tesla, which can be seen from the magnetic

part of the Lorentz force law Fmagnetic = qvB to be com-

posed of (Newton x second)/(Coulomb x meter). A

smaller magnetic field unit is the Gauss (1 Tesla = 10,000 Gauss).

Magnetic Field Sources

current in wire

solenoid

the Earth

loop of wire bar magnet

Photographs of the models

Photographs of the process

Diagram

gear teeth

magnit

top gear circle

gear arcs

cog hanging gear arc

servobrackets

servo’s

Previous analysis

1. Ultrasonic sensors;2. Glass Bowl;3. Round magnet; 4. Ink/Powder Toner;5. Wireless receiver (Optional);6. H-Bar

Ultrasonic

Electromagnet

A type of magnetic field that is produced by the flow of electric

current electricity and it works the other way around as well. Hans

Christian Orsted, often rendered Oersted in English; 14 August 1777 – 9

March 1851) was a Danish physicist and chemist who discovered that electric currents create magnetic

fields, an important aspect of elec-tromagnetism. He shaped post-

Kantian philosophy and advances in science throughout the late 19th

century. The most suitable conductor is ferromagnetic (iron, ferromagnetic

metal alloy).Simple example a normal wire wraps

in a screw and connects it to two ends of battery.

British scientist William Sturgeon invented the electromagnet in 1824.

His first electromagnet was a horseshoe-shaped piece of iron that was wrapped with about 18 turns of

bare copper wire (insulated wire didn't exist yet). The iron was

varnished to insulate it from the windings. When a current was

passed through the coil, the iron became magnetized and attracted

other pieces of iron; when the current was stopped, it lost magneti-

zation.The main advantage of an electro-

magnet over a permanent magnet is that the magnetic field can be

rapidly manipulated over a wide range by controlling the amount of

electric current. However, a continu-ous supply of electrical energy is

required to maintain the field.

More loops created more concentrated mag-netic field

Circle packing algorithm

Circle packing algorithm

Bibliography

Ferrofluid http://tesladownunder.com/Ferrofluid.htm

Ferrohydrodynamics (1985), Ronald. E. Rosensweig. The usual starting reference for learning the details of ferrofluids.

How to Make Liquid Magnets http://chemistry.about.com/od/demonstrationsexperiments/ss/liquidmagnet.htm

Electromagnetics, by Rothwell and Cloud

"With record magnetic fields to the 21st Century". IEEE Xplore.

RJD Tilley (2004). Understanding Solids

Amikam Aharoni (2000). Introduction to the theory of ferromagnetism (2 ed.). Oxford University

Thurston, William (1978–1981), The geometry and topology of 3-manifolds, Prince-ton lecture notes.

Stephenson, Ken (2005), Introduction to circle packing, the theory of discrete analytic functions, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Jonnason, Johan; Schramm, Oded (2000), "On the cover time of planar graphs", Electronic Communications in Probability