FEAD International Conference Bruges 17-19 October 2002 Directorate General for Energy and Transport...

FEAD International ConferenceBruges 17-19 October 2002

Directorate General for Energy and Transport

European Commission

Dr. Kyriakos MANIATISDG TREN

Energy-f-Waste &

Security of Energy Supply



Meeting Kyoto Objectives8% CO2 reduction between 2008 - 2012 compared to 1990

Doubling the Share of Renewable Energy

Sources From 6% to 12% of gross inland energy consumption

Improving Energy Efficiency Increase by 18% until 2010 compared to 1995

Maintaining Security of Supply

Clear Energy Policy Targets



RES in the EU

European Union energy mix

1998

(EUROSTAT 2001)

22,0%

6,0%

15,0%

41,0%

16,0%

Solid Fuel

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

RES

Renewable energy still accounts for only a small fraction of the Community energy mix



0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Geothermal

Wave

Waste

Biomass

Solar Active

Photovoltaics

Hydro

WindBest PracticePresent Policies

Mtoes

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1993 1995 2000 2005 2010 2020

Technical Potential

Best PracticePoliciesExternEInternalisationIndustrial Policies

Present Policies

RES Contribution to Primary Energy Consumption

TERES II



Renewable energy in figures (1/3)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 %

SE AUFIPO

DKIT

FRSP

HE

DEIR

NLLU

BEUK European

average

Share of renewable energy in total consumption: 1998

Per type of RES

BM

HY

WA

Solar

(EUROSTAT 2001)

56%

0%3%0%

35% 6%

Biomass

Wind

Geothermal

Solar

Hydro

Waste

GE

WE




1.18.7

4.58.6

19.915

3.616

2.13.5

7038.5

24.749.1

1.7

0% 20 % 40% 60% 80%

BelgiumDenmarkGermanyGreece

SpainFranceIreland

ItalyLuxembourg

NetherlandsAustria

PortugalFinland

SwedenUnited King.

Share of renewables in electricity production: 1997

European average: 13.9%WE

HY GE

BM&WA

Electricity Per type

3.2%1.2%

86.6%

9.0%

(EUROSTAT 2001)




BM&WA

1,6%0,8%

97,6%

BM&WA

GE

Solar Panels

Biomass & Waste have the highest potential &

contribution within RES

Heat Per type(EUROSTAT 2001)



DirectivesDirectives

•Directive on the promotion of electricity from renewable energy sources in the internal electricity market

•Draft Directives on Liquid Biofuels mandate for a minimum use of biofuels and their de-taxation

•Draft Directive on Combined Heat and PowerUnder discussion, Special provision for renewables.



The RES Directives & EfW

•The Biodegradable fraction of MSW is RES.

•Energy and fuels from waste is thus covered by the Directives.

•One of the main problems is how to determine the biodegradable fraction of waste streams??

The role of waste: Another valuable resource



Biofuels & Recovered Fuels (B&RF)

If the targets of the Energy Policy are to be met, biofuels & solid recovered fuels markets have to be developed.

For such markets to function properly, confidence between producers and users of fuels must be established.

This necessitates market tools (eg. standards on fuel quality).

The need for RES fuels markets



B&RF and Fossil Fuels

Biomass & recovered fuels are the only RES that can directly replace fossil fuels since they are storable and can be upgrated to solid, gas & liquid fuels.

This can be achieved either directly (in co-combustion) applications or indirectly in co-gasification (after conversion to a fuel gas).

In addition, liquid biofuels (bio-ethanol, biodiesel, bio-FTbio-methanol etc.) produced from biomass and wastecan be used for transport as well as CHP applications .

The advantages of our Resources



The Market Tools

•We need reliable technologies so that industrial users will apply them with confidence.

•We have to ensure that economic benefits are met while the environment is safeguarded.

•We have to balance demand with supply since resources are limited and ensure that competing industries are not harmed.

The need for Technology



Technology Needs

•We need new concepts and approaches to address the market demands of tomorrow.

•We have to develop the concept of bio-refineries, & waste-refineries to maximise the potential benefits.

•We have to simultaneously control, mitigate their consequences and propose alternative solutions for those present factors which lead to an unsustainable Europe.

The need for Innovation



Societal Needs

The need for contact with the EU citizen

•We need new concepts and approaches to try and reach our fellow citizens for the overall benefits of Bioenergy.

•We have to develop better communication skills, & we need to use expert assistance (eg. the press).

•We have to provide convincing assurances that our common primary objective is a sustainable energy system.



Biodiesel

STATUS OF PROCESSES & APPLICATIONS

Lo

wH

igh

Strong Weak

Ma

rke

t P

ote

nti

al

Technology Strength

RDF & Sludge

Co-gasification

Pyrolysis

Gasification

Bioethanol& other novel processes

Anaerobic Digestion.

Average

Med

ium

Incineration



MARKET OPPORTUNITIES

Market Penetration Product Development

Market Development Diversification

IncinerationAnaerobic Digestion

Co-GasificationCHP

Existing Technology New Technology

PyrolysisGasificationBioEthanol & novel

Waste “refineries”

Exi

stin

gM

arke

ts

New

M

arke

ts

Resources???



RESOURCES DEVELOPMENTfor Bioenergy applications

Mar

ket

Att

ract

iven

ess

Resource Technology Strength

L

ow

M

ediu

m

Hig

h Strong Average Weak

Wood Chips

Wood Pellets.

Animal Waste

RDF

Unsorted Waste

Polymers, Tyres

Sludge

Incr

easi

ng

Fu

el C

ost

Increasing Development needs

Target Fuels



Technology

Fuel

Market Application

Bioenergy is complex as the technologies and the fuels can have several applications.

BIOENERGY’s COMPLEXITY

All three vectors need continuous improvements via innovation and reduced costs.

For a successful application, the technical reliability & economic benefits must be maximised under specific market conditions.



In addition to technical innovation we need creation of functioning bioenergy fuels’ (solid, liguid & gaseous) markets.

Conclusions

The EC supports the development of all 3 Bioenergy vectors& has proposed Directives & Programmes for their support.

Energy from Biomass & Waste plays an important role in the EU Energy Policy,

and it is expected to make a significant contribution to a sustainable energy system .

FEAD International Conference Bruges 17-19 October 2002 Directorate General for Energy and Transport...

Documents

Transcript of FEAD International Conference Bruges 17-19 October 2002 Directorate General for Energy and Transport...