FEA of Composites – Classical Lamination Theory Example 1 · PDF fileFEA of Composites...

CLT Example 1

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FEA of Composites – Classical Lamination Theory Example 1

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Instructor: Professor James Sherwood

Author: Dimitri Soteropoulos

Revised by Jacob Wardell

Problem Description:

A four layer [0/90]s graphite-epoxy composite laminate subjected to an axial load is considered (Figure

1). A finite element model will be constructed using HyperMesh v12.0 where the principal stresses in

the respective plies will be analyzed.

Figure 1. [0/90]s Laminate [Hyer, 2009]

An analytical solution for this example can be found in Stress Analysis of Fiber-Reinforced Composite

Materials, Hyer text, pp. 254-262. The given material properties and loading conditions can be seen in

Table 1 and Table 2, respectively.

Table 1. Graphite-Epoxy Material Properties Table 2. Loading Conditions

Material Property Value

E1 155.0 GPa

E2 12.10 GPa

ν12 0.248

G12 4.40 GPa

G13 4.40 GPa

G23 3.20 GPa

Load Value

εx 1000 x 10-6

εy 0

γxy 0

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Step 1: Open HyperMesh

1. Open HyperMesh

2. Usually, the “User Profiles

*If it doesn’t appear at start up

• From the Preferences

3. Select OptiStruct:

4. Click OK.

5. Make sure that the Model

*If the Model is not selected, left

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User Profiles” window ( ) should appear when HyperMesh starts.

doesn’t appear at start up:

Preferences menu, select User Profiles.

Model tab is open on the left side of the window:

is not selected, left-click on it to make it the current tab.

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should appear when HyperMesh starts.

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• Once the User Profiles window is exited, the HyperMesh interface should look similar to the

image below. (Please note that the Model Browser is the area on the left hand side of the

Graphics Area, while the Menu Bar is at the top of the window, right below the title bar)

Model

Browser Graphics Area

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Step 2: Create a material

1. Access the Create material window one of the following ways:

• From the menu bar, choose Materials > Create.

• Right click in the Model browser and click Create > Material.

2. Click the Name: field and enter “Graphite-Epoxy”

3. Click the square color icon and choose a color (besides gray).

4. Make sure that the “Card image:” is set to MAT8.

5. Make sure that the box to the left of the text “Card edit material on upon” is checked.

6. Make sure that the box to the left of the text “Close dialog upon creation” is checked.

*Make sure that the settings are the same as the ones shown below:

7. Click Create.

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8. The card edit panel for the material will appear (with “MAT8” to the left of it).

9. For the value of E1 , enter: “155.0e9”

*Please note there is no dropdown menu or feature in HyperMesh that sets specific units. All of the dimensions

specified in this problem are given in SI units; therefore the respective Young’s Modulus (“E”) units should be entered

in Pa (Pascals, Newtons per Square Meter: N/m^2). The units chosen for the definition of the material properties

should be consistent and dictate what units should be used for the dimensions of the structure.

10. For the value of E2 , enter: “12.10e9”.

11. Left-click on the [ NU12 ] in the card edit panel (*It might be gray until it is selected).

12. For the value of [ NU12 ], enter: “0.248”. Enter the values for the corresponding G12,G13, and

G23 values as well.


*These values correspond to the ones given in Table 1:

Table 1. Graphite-Epoxy Material Properties

13. Click the red return button on the bottom-right of the panel below:

This will create a material titled “Graphite-Epoxy”.

Material Property Value

E1 155.0 GPa

E2 12.10 GPa

νννν12 0.248

G12 4.40 GPa

G13 4.40 GPa

G23 3.20 GPa

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Step 3: Create a property.

1. Access the Create property window one of the following ways:

• From the menu bar, choose Properties > Create > Properties.

• Right click in the Model Browser and click Create > Property.

2. Click the Name: field and enter “Graphite_Epoxy_prop”.

3. To the right of “Card image:”, select PCOMPP:

(*Note: make sure to select PCOMPP, not PCOMP)

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4. Click the square color icon and choose a color.

5. Click on the Material tab.

6. Make sure “Assign material

7. To the right of “Name:”

8. Make sure that the box to the left of the text


*Make sure that the settings for the

10. Click Create.

This will create a property titled

“Graphite-Epoxy”.

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icon and choose a color.

tab.

Assign material:” is checked.

select Graphite-Epoxy.

Make sure that the box to the left of the text “Card edit property upon creation”

Make sure that the box to the left of the text “Close dialog upon creation”

for the Property tab and Material tab are the same as the ones shown below:

This will create a property titled “Graphite_Epoxy_prop” with the assigned material being

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on creation” is unchecked.

“Close dialog upon creation” is checked.

are the same as the ones shown below:

“Graphite_Epoxy_prop” with the assigned material being

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Step 4: Create a component to hold the model’s geometry.

1. Access the Create component window one of the following ways:

• From the menu bar, choose Collectors > Create > Components.

• Right click in the Model Browser and click Create > Component.

2. Click the Name: field and enter “Plate”.


4. Click on the Property tab.

5. Make sure that the “Assign property:” is checked.

6. To the right of “Name:” make sure that Graphite_Epoxy_prop is selected.

7. Click on the Material tab.

8. Make sure that the “Assign material:” is checked.

9. To the right of “Name:” make sure that Graphite_Epoxy is selected.

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*Make sure that the settings for the

11. Click Create.

12. This will create a new component titled “Plate”

(with “Graphite_Epoxy_prop” as the assigned

*The message “Component created”

(on the bottom-left corner of the screen)

*Left-click once anywhere in the

*Left click on the “+” to the left of

*The component called “

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Make sure that the box to the left of the text “Close dialog upon creation”

*Make sure that the settings for the Component, Property, and Material tabs are the same as the ones shown below:

This will create a new component titled “Plate”

“Graphite_Epoxy_prop” as the assigned Property)

Component created” should appear in the status bar.

t corner of the screen)

click once anywhere in the Graphics area to dismiss the message in the status bar.

click on the “+” to the left of Component (1) in the Model tab.

*The component called “Plate” is the current component and is bold in the

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“Close dialog upon creation” is checked.

the same as the ones shown below:

to dismiss the message in the status bar.

is the current component and is bold in the Model Browser.

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Step 5: Create nodes

1. Create nodes one of the following ways:

• From the menu bar, choose

• Select from the Geom

i ) Make sure the

ii) Click nodes

iii) Make sure that the

2. Enter the X, Y, & Z coordinates of the points listed in Table 1. After entering the X, Y,

coordinates for each point, click

*Note: a shortcut to create nodes or other geometry items more quickly is to simply click on the

mouse wheel button anywhere in the screen, instead of left

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Create nodes one of the following ways:

From the menu bar, choose Geometry > Create > Nodes > XYZ

Geom panel:

Make sure the Geom panel is selected

nodes

Make sure that the “XYZ” icon is selected:

Enter the X, Y, & Z coordinates of the points listed in Table 1. After entering the X, Y,

coordinates for each point, click create to create a node at that point:


anywhere in the screen, instead of left-clicking on the green

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Enter the X, Y, & Z coordinates of the points listed in Table 1. After entering the X, Y, & Z


clicking on the green create button.

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Point

1

2

3

4

3. Once finished, click return

*Press “F” on the keyboard to auto fit the nodes to the screen. They may have been off the

screen view when they were created.

Step 6: Display the node numbers.

1. Make sure the view is in the standard XY view by clicking on the “

the top of the HyperMesh window

2. From the menu bar, choose

3. Click on the highlighted

4. Click on the green “on” button (on the right side). This will display the node numbers:

5. Click return.

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Table 1. Points for Geometry

X Coordinate Y Coordinate Z Coordinate

0 0 0

1 0 0

1 1 0

0 1 0

return.

*Press “F” on the keyboard to auto fit the nodes to the screen. They may have been off the

screen view when they were created.

: Display the node numbers.

Make sure the view is in the standard XY view by clicking on the “XY Top Plane View


From the menu bar, choose Geometry > Check > Nodes > Numbers.

Click on the highlighted nodes button and then click on displayed.

button (on the right side). This will display the node numbers:

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*Press “F” on the keyboard to auto fit the nodes to the screen. They may have been off the current

XY Top Plane View” icon near

button (on the right side). This will display the node numbers:

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Step 7: Create straight lines

1. Access the Linear Nodes panel one of the following ways:

• From the menu bar, choose Geometry > Create > Lines > Linear Nodes.

• Select the Geom panel, click Lines, then select the Linear Nodes icon:

(If necessary, click on the small black triangle: to the right of the current “line” creation

icon to select it from a list of options)

2. Make sure that the "Closed line" option is unchecked:

3. With node list selected, click on node 1 (0, 0, 0) and node 2 (1, 0, 0) shown below:

4. Click create.

*Note: a shortcut to create lines or other geometry items more quickly is to simply click on the

mouse wheel button anywhere in the screen, instead of left-clicking on the green create button.

5. This will create a line going from node 1 to node 2.

6. Repeat this process to create straight lines using the following nodes:

• 2 & 3

• 3 & 4

• 4 & 1

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Once completed, the created lines should look

7. Click return.

Step 8: Create a surface

1. Access the Spline/Filler surface creation panel one of the following ways:


• Select the Geom

2. Make sure that the highlighted selector option button on the left is set to

*If it is not set to

select lines.

3. Click on the lines highlighted selector option

4. Make sure that the Auto create (free edges only)

5. Make sure that the Keep tangency

6. Click create.

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Once completed, the created lines should look similar to the ones shown

surface creation panel one of the following ways:

From the menu bar, choose Geometry > Create > Surfaces > Spline/Filler.

Geom panel, click surfaces, then select the Spline/Filler

Make sure that the highlighted selector option button on the left is set to

*If it is not set to lines, click on the black triangle to the left of the selected option and

highlighted selector option and select displayed.

Auto create (free edges only) option is unchecked.

Keep tangency option is unchecked.

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the ones shown in the following image:

surface creation panel one of the following ways:

Spline/Filler.

Spline/Filler icon:

Make sure that the highlighted selector option button on the left is set to lines:

of the selected option and

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7. Click on the Shaded Geometry and Surface Edges

8. The created surface should

9. Click return. This creates a surface bounded by the selected l

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Shaded Geometry and Surface Edges icon:

surface should now be visible and look similar to the one in the following image:

This creates a surface bounded by the selected lines.

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the one in the following image:

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Step 9: Set Meshing Options

1. Access the Meshing Options


2. For node tol, enter 0.01

3. For element size, enter:


4. Click return.

Step 10: Mesh the Left Side of the Component using 2D AutoMesh

1. Access the 2D AutoMesh


• Press the F12 key on the keyboard.

• Select the 2D panel and click on the

2. Make sure that the yellow selector button is set to

• *If it is not set to

button and select

3. Click on the selector button

4. For element size, enter:

5. To the right of mesh type

6. Make sure that the settings are set to

7. Make sure that to the right of

8. On the bottom left corner of the panel, toggle the setting to be


9. Click mesh. (the green button on the upper right corner of the panel)

*The message “400 elements were created”

(at the bottom-left corner of the screen)

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Meshing Options:

From the menu bar, choose Preferences > Meshing Options.

0.01.

, enter: 0.05.


: Mesh the Left Side of the Component using 2D AutoMesh

2D AutoMesh panel one of the following ways:

From the menu bar, choose Mesh > Create > 2D AutoMesh.

key on the keyboard.

panel and click on the automesh button.

Make sure that the yellow selector button is set to “surfs”

*If it is not set to “surfs”, click on the black triangle ( ) to the left of the yellow

button and select surfs.

the selector button “surfs” and select displayed.

, enter: 0.05

mesh type:, click on the upside-down black triangle ( )

Make sure that the settings are set to elems to current comp, first order

Make sure that to the right of map:, both “size” and “skew” are unchecked

On the bottom left corner of the panel, toggle the setting to be automatic

ure that the settings are the same as the ones shown below:

(the green button on the upper right corner of the panel)

400 elements were created” should appear in the status bar.

left corner of the screen)

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) to the left of the yellow

) and select quads.

first order, and keep connectivity.

unchecked.

automatic.

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10. The mesh should now look like the one shown below:

*If the mesh is not visible, click on the Shaded Elements and Mesh Lines button:

11. Click return. Click return again.

Now a “quad” mesh has been created using the surface, with each element having the size of

0.05 units (making a 20 x 20 square mesh).

Step 11: Delete the temporary nodes

1. Access the Temporary Nodes panel one of the following ways:

• From the menu bar, choose Geometry > Delete > Nodes.

• Select the Geom panel and click on the temp nodes button.

2. Click on the green to “clear all” button on the right side of the panel.

*This deletes all of the temporary nodes.

3. Click return.

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Step 12: Mask the created geometry

1. Left-click on the geometry icon ( ) to the left of the name of the Plate component in the

model browser:

The geometry for the Plate component will now be masked.

The geometry icon for the Plate component will now appear as the one below:

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Step 13: Set the Material Orientation for the elements to match the System XYZ Orientation

1. Select the 1D panel:

2. Click on the systems button:

3. Select the material orientation panel (click on the button on the left side of the panel)

4. Click on the yellow elems button

5. Select all:

This selects all of the elements.

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6. Make sure that the Material orientation method: is set to “by system axis”:

*If necessary, click on the black triangle under Material orientation method: and select “by

system axis” from the options.

7. Make sure that the axis option is set to “local 1-axis”:

*If necessary, click on the black triangle and select “local 1-axis” from the options.

8. Set the “size =” to 0.5:

9. Click on the yellow system button:

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10. Left-click the global XYZ system on the bottom

*Another way to select the system is to

cursor over the global XYZ system, then

*Once the global XYZ system turns white, this means that it has been selected

11. Click project:

*The material orientation of the selected elements will now be based on the selected system.

Select the elements and click review, there should be arrows pointing in the global X direction for all the

elements.

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the global XYZ system on the bottom-left corner of the Graphics Area

to select the system is to hold down the left mouse button while moving the

cursor over the global XYZ system, then releasing the left mouse button.

Once the global XYZ system turns white, this means that it has been selected

he material orientation of the selected elements will now be based on the selected system.


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Graphics Area:

hold down the left mouse button while moving the

releasing the left mouse button.

Once the global XYZ system turns white, this means that it has been selected:

he material orientation of the selected elements will now be based on the selected system.


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Step 14: Create Plies

1. Access the Create Ply window


• Right click in the

2. Click the Name: field and enter “Ply1”

3. Make sure that the “Card image:”


5. Set the “Material type:”

6. Make sure that the “Material:”

7. For the Thickness, enter: “

(This will set the thickness to 0.000150

which in this case will represent 0.000150

8. For the Orientation, enter: “

(This will set the orientation angle of the ply to be “0” degrees)

9. Make sure that the “Shape:”

*If the “Shape:” selector button is not set to

the yellow button and select

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window one of the following ways:

From the menu bar, choose Properties > Create > Plies.

Right click in the Model browser and click Create > Ply.

field and enter “Ply1”

Card image:” is set to PLY.

icon and choose a color (besides gray).

:” to ORTHOTROPIC.

Material:” is set to Graphite-Epoxy.

enter: “0.000150”

he thickness to 0.000150 units,

in this case will represent 0.000150 meters, which is equal to 0.150mm)

, enter: “0”

rientation angle of the ply to be “0” degrees)

Shape:” selector button is set to Element.

selector button is not set to Element, click on the black triangle to the left of

the yellow button and select Element from the list:

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, click on the black triangle to the left of

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10. Click twice on the yellow “

11. Click on the yellow “elems

12. Click on the “displayed”

This selects all of the elements that are displayed.

13. Click on the green “proceed

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Click twice on the yellow “Element” selector button:

elems” selector button on the left side of the panel:

” button:

the elements that are displayed.

proceed” button on the right side of the panel:

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14. Make sure that the box to the left of the text “Output results” is checked.

15. Make sure that the box to the left of the text “Card edit ply on creation” is unchecked.

16. Make sure that the box to the left of the text “Close dialog upon creation” is unchecked.

*Make sure that the settings are the same as the ones shown:

17. Click Create.

18. Repeat this process to create three more plies (Ply2, Ply3, and Ply4). (Make sure to select the

elements for each ply creation)

*All of the plies will have the same settings except for the Orientation angle:

i. ”Ply1” should have an Orientation of 0.

ii. “Ply2” should have an Orientation of 90.

iii. “Ply3” should have an Orientation of 90.

iv. “Ply4” should have an Orientation of 0.

19. Once Ply1, Ply2, Ply3 and Ply4 have been created, close the “Create Ply” window.

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Step 15: Create a Ply Laminate

1. Access the Create Laminate window one of the following ways:

a. From the menu bar, choose Properties > Create > Laminates.

b. Right click in the Model browser and click Create > Laminate.

2. Set the Type: to “Ply laminate”.

3. Click the Name: field and enter “Graphite-Epoxy”

4. Make sure that the “Card image:” is set to STACK.


6. Make sure that the “Laminate option:” is set to Total.

7. Click on the first blank entry space underneath “Name”

8. Click on the black triangle to the right of the blank entry space and select Ply1 from the list:

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Ply1 is now selected as the first ply in the laminate.

9. Click on the next blank entry space (underneath the now-entered Ply1).

10. Click on the black triangle to the right of the blank entry space and select Ply2 from the list.

11. Repeat this process to include Ply3 and Ply4 as ply layers in the laminate.

12. Make sure that the box to the left of the text “Card edit material on creation” is unchecked.

13. Make sure that the box to the left of the text “Close dialog upon creation” is checked.

*Make sure that the settings are the same as the ones shown:

14. Click Create.

This creates a ply laminate with four layers: Ply1, Ply2, Ply3, and Ply4.

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Step 16: Create a Load Collector

1. Access the Create Load Collector window one of the following ways:

• From the menu bar, choose Collectors > Create > Load Collectors.

• Right click in the Model Browser and click Create > Load Collector.

2. Click the Name: field and enter “SPC”.


4. Set the “Card image:” to none.

5. Make sure that the “Card edit loadcollector upon creation:” is unchecked.

6. Make sure that the “Close dialog upon creation:” is checked.

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15. Click Create.

This creates a load collector to contain the constraints.

Step 17: Apply Constraints

1. Access the constraints panel one of the following ways:

• From the menu bar, choose BCs > Create > Constraints

• Select the Analysis panel, then click constraints.

2. Make sure that the option button on the left side is set to create.

3. Make sure that all of the settings are the same as the ones shown below:

4. Click on the yellow “nodes” selector button.

5. Left-click in a blank region of the Graphics Area.

6. Make sure the view is in the standard XY view by clicking on the “XY Top Plane View” icon near


7. Hold down the Shift key on the keyboard, move the mouse cursor close to one of the corners of

the component in the Graphics Area, and hold down the left mouse button, dragging the cursor

to draw a selection rectangle that encloses the nodes on the left and right edges of the mesh.

(Each individual node can also be individually selected by left-clicking on each one).

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8. The selected nodes should be the ones shown below:

9. Click create.

10. The resulting constraints should look similar to the ones shown below:

11. This creates constraints, restricting all 6 degrees of freedom (dof’s), on all of the selected nodes.

Next, ensure dof 2, dof 4 and dof 6 are the only ones checked and select the nodes on the top

and bottom of the plate (see image below). Click create.

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12. This creates constraints, restricting all 6 degrees of freedom (dof’s), on all of the selected nodes.

Next, ensure dof 2, dof 4 and dof 6 are the only ones checked and select the nodes on the top

and bottom of the plate (see image below). Click create.

13. Do not click Return. Stay in this panel for the subsequent step.

Step 18: Apply a Displacement via Constraints

*An extensional strain of 1000 x 10-6

will be applied to the model in the form of an x direction

displacement.

1. Click on the yellow “nodes” selector button.

2. Left-click in a blank region of the Graphics Area.

3. Select all of the nodes on the right edge of the mesh:

• Hold down the Shift key on the keyboard, move the mouse cursor close to one of the

corners of the component in the Graphics Area, and hold down the left mouse button,

dragging the cursor to draw a selection rectangle that encloses the nodes on the right

edge of the mesh. (Each individual node can also be individually selected by left-clicking

on each one).

4. Click create.

5. Click return.

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*This creates constraints on the right side that will cause a displacement of

(dof1)

Step 19: Create a Load Step

1. Access the constraints panel one of the following ways:


• Select the Analysis

2. For “name = “, enter: Stretch

3. Set the “type:” to linear static

4. Make sure that SPC is checked

5. Click on the “=” to the right of

6. Make sure that all of the settings are the same as the ones shown below:

7. Click create.

8. Click return.

Step 20: Autocolor the Plies (OPTIONAL STEP)

1. Left click on the “+” to the left of

2. Left-click on Ply1:

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*This creates constraints on the right side that will cause a displacement of 0.001

panel one of the following ways:

From the menu bar, choose Setup > Create > LoadSteps

Analysis panel, then click loadsteps.

Stretch.

linear static.

checked.

Click on the “=” to the right of SPC, and select “SPC”.

Make sure that all of the settings are the same as the ones shown below:

(OPTIONAL STEP)

Left click on the “+” to the left of Ply (4) in the Model tab:

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0.001 in the x direction

Make sure that all of the settings are the same as the ones shown below:

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3. Holding down the Shift key on the keyboard, left-click on Ply4.

Now all four plies should be selected.

Right-click on one of the square color icons to the right of the names of the plies:

4. Click on “Autocolor”:

5. Click anywhere in the Model Browser.

Now all four plies automatically have different colors:

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Step 21: Visualize the Plies (OPTIONAL STEP)

1. Click on the small black triangle

2. Switch the Element Color Mode

3. Click on the small black triangle

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(OPTIONAL STEP)

small black triangle to the right of the Element Color Mode setting

Element Color Mode to “By Prop”:

small black triangle to the right of the Element Representation

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setting:

Element Representation setting icon ( ):

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4. Click on “3D Element Representation” :

The elements in the Graphics Area now will have a three-dimensional representation

5. Click on the small black triangle to the right of the Layer Representation setting icon ( ):

6. Click on “Composite Layers with Fiber Direction” :

The composite layers, each with its own fiber direction, will now be visible in the Graphics Area.

7. From the Preferences menu, select Graphics.

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8. On the Graphics panel, set the value of

*This will cause each ply in the Graphics Area

9. Click return.

Step 22: View the Model (OPTIONAL STEP)

1. To ROTATE the model: Hold down the

the Graphics Area, hold down the

2. To ZOOM IN and ZOOM OUT

anywhere in the Graphics Area,

3. To FIT the entire model in the

2. To MASK or UNMASK the mesh for each ply separately:

left of the name of one of

4. To TRANSLATE the model: Hold down the

in the Graphics Area, hold down the

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panel, set the value of the ply visualization thickness factor

Graphics Area to be displayed with a thickness of 100 times the actual thickness.

(OPTIONAL STEP)

the model: Hold down the Ctrl key on the keyboard, point the cursor anywhere in

hold down the left mouse button and drag it any direction

ZOOM OUT: Hold down the Ctrl key on the keyboard, point the cursor

Graphics Area, and scroll the mouse scroll wheel to zoom in

the entire model in the Graphics Area: Press “F” on the keyboard.

the mesh for each ply separately: Left-click on the

one of the plies in the model browser to toggle it on or off

the model: Hold down the Ctrl key on the keyboard, point the cursor anywhere

hold down the right mouse button and drag it any direction.

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visualization thickness factor to “100”:

thickness of 100 times the actual thickness.

the cursor anywhere in

and drag it any direction.

on the keyboard, point the cursor

oom in or out.

on the keyboard.

click on the mesh icon ( ) to the

to toggle it on or off:

on the keyboard, point the cursor anywhere

mouse button and drag it any direction.

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Step 23: Global Output Requests

1. Access the Control Cards panel by clicking Setup > Create > Control Cards

2. Click Next on the panel to source to the page that has GLOBAL_OUTPUT_REQUESTS

3. Click GLOBAL_OUTPUT_REQUESTS and check CSTRAIN and CSTRESS. Set the Type and Options

the same as the image below.

Step 24: Launch the OptiStruct job.

1. Choose the Analysis page and select the OptiStruct panel.

2. Click “save as…”.

A “Save file …” browser window pops up

3. Select the directory where you would like to write the model file and enter the file

name, plate.fem, in the “File name:” field.

The .fem file name extension is the suggested extension for OptiStruct input decks.

4. Click Save.

Note the name and location of the plate.fem file now displays in the input file: field.

5. Set the memory toggle, located in the center of the panel, to memory default.

6. Set the run options toggle, located on the left side of the panel, to analysis.

7. Set the export options: toggle, underneath the run options switch, to all.


8. Click OptiStruct.

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This exports the input file and launches the job. If the job is successful, new results files can be seen in the directory

where the model file was written. The "plate.out" file is a good place to look for error messages that will help to

debug the input deck if any errors are present.

The default files written to your directory are:

plate.html HTML report of the analysis, giving a summary of the problem formulation and

the analysis results.

plate.out ASCII output file containing specific information on the file set up, the set up of

your optimization problem, estimate for the amount of RAM and disk space

required for the run, information for each optimization iteration, and compute

time information. Review this file for warnings and errors.

plate.res HyperMesh binary results file.

plate.stat Summary of analysis process, providing CPU information for each step during

analysis process.

plate.h3d HyperView binary result file.

The pop-up window should display “ANALYSIS COMPLETED” in the upper left text box and

“==== Job completed ====” in the lower text box.

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Step 25: Post-process the OptiStruct job

1. Open HyperView one of the following ways:

• In the “HyperWorks Solver View” pop-up window, click on the “Results” button (to the

left of “View” and the “Close” button) at the bottom-right corner of window.

• Close the pop-up window. On the OptiStruct panel, click on the green “HyperView”

button.

HyperView will open and automatically load the H3D file from the OptiStruct job for post-processing.

Step 26: View the results in HyperView

1. Make sure the view is in the standard XY view by clicking on the “XY Top Plane View” icon near

the top of the HyperMesh window (right under the pull-down menus):

2. Click on the Contour button:

The Contour panel now appears.

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3. Click on the highlighted yellow Components button, then select “All”.

4. Under “Result type:” select “Composite Stresses (s)”.

5. Select “Normal X Stress” from the second drop-down menu.

6. Select “Ply 1” under the Layers option.

7. Make sure that the Contour panel settings are the same as the settings in the image below:

8. Click Apply

9. Change the Layers option to Ply 2, 3, or 4 to view the results in each individual ply.

You must click Apply each time.

Step 27: Query Results

1. Query results by clicking Results > Query. Change the selector to elements and click on an

element near the center of the plate.

Conclusion

1. Save the HyperView session one of the following ways:

• From the menu bar, choose File > Save > Session.

• Just below the menu bar, click on the Save Session button:

2. Close HyperView: File > Exit.

3. Save the HyperMesh file one of the following ways:

• From the menu bar, choose File > Save.

• Just below the menu bar, click on the Save Model button:

4. Close HyperMesh: File > Exit.

This completes the Composite Finite Element Project Tutorial.

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