FCC Future Challenges...FCC Future Challenges Walter Johnston, Chief EMCD, FCC NSF Large Scale...
Transcript of FCC Future Challenges...FCC Future Challenges Walter Johnston, Chief EMCD, FCC NSF Large Scale...
FCC Future Challenges
Walter Johnston, Chief EMCD, FCCNSF Large Scale Networking Platform
10/25/2016
Note: The views expressed in this presentation are those of the author and may not necessarily represent the views of the Federal Communication Commission
Major Challenges Foster wireless future
Increase spectrum efficiency Provide more spectrum Permit new business/services
Ensure communications security Understand context and requirements
for broadband as critical infrastructure Allow competitive innovation
Fostering Wireless Future Understand spectrum needs for current
and future wireless services Allocate spectrum to support service
growth/new services Protect incumbent services from undue
interference Increase collaboration with service
providers, equipment manufacturers, component manufacturers
Past approaches to spectrum allocation
Allocation of unused spectrum to new services Overwhelming majority of spectrum already allocated –
extremely limited and declining opportunities Reallocation of spectrum from one service to
another service Mainstay of most recent work However:
Need to move incumbents to somewhere else, but increasingly where?
Need to compensate incumbents for move $$$$ 10 years on average to complete Declining opportunities
Spectrum Divide From 600 MHz to 6 GHz
Optimal for current mobile wireless devices and major wireless services
Intense utilization for many different services Major focus of current FCC work (80/20 rule)
20 GHz to 100 GHz > 10x bandwidth Bands where spectrum is lightly utilized Aligned with future industry directions
Spectrum divide suggest different approaches
Future approaches Emphasize spectrum sharing strategies in intensely utilized
bands U-NII bands (5.25-5.75 GHz) required to use Dynamic
Frequency Selection for radar avoidance Mixed success
FCC White spaces service rules (2010) introduced concept of Spectrum Management System
3.5 GHz CBRS (2015) introduces dynamic Spectrum Access System
Use more simple spectrum allocation approaches for mm wave spectrum Lightly used bands allow simple sharing rules with
incumbent services Characteristics of mm wave limit interference potential
More Sophisticated Sharing:Citizens Broadband Radio Service
Dynamic spectrum access
for small cells
Dynamic spectrum access
for small cells
150 MHzof
contiguousspectrum
150 MHzof
contiguousspectrum
3550 3700 3650
Navy Ship Radars Non-Federal FSS ES
FSSFederalFederal Ground-Based Radar
3600
Citizens Broadband Radio Service
Three Tier AccessIncumbent Access: Includes authorized federal and grandfathered Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) users currently operating in the 3.5 GHz Band.
Priority Access License (PAL): Authorize certain users to operate with some interference protection in portions of the 3.5 GHz Band at specific locations
General Authorized Access (GAA): Users authorized to use the 3.5 GHz Band opportunistically. GAA users required to accept interference from Incumbent and Priority Access tier users.
Incumbent Access
Priority Access
General Authorized Access
More Sophisticated Sharing Spectrum Access System (SAS)
A next generation sharing system building on white spaces
• Determine available frequencies at a location and assign them to CBSDs
• Determine maximum permissible power level for CBSDs at a location
• Register and authenticate CBSDs• Enforce Exclusion and Protection Zones• Protect PALs from IX from other users
• Facilitate coordination between GAAs • Ensure secure and reliable transmission of
information between the SAS, ESC, and CBSDs
• Protect Grandfathered Wireless Broadband Licensees
• Facilitate coordination and information exchange between SASs
SAS Functions
FCC Collaborative Approach for CBRS Three tier access paradigm first proposed by
President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology
Technological Advisory Council to FCC Proposed small cell deployment to limit interference
issues and FCC applied to CBRS Proposed multistakeholder
groups to resolve technicalissues Winnforum defining SAS
requirements Off-loading of tasks accelerates
rulemaking process
Ongoing Work on Dynamic Sharing
Much of the 5 GHz band is shared by unlicensed on a non-interference basis Some of this spectrum relies on dynamic frequency selection to avoid interfere with radars FCC Notice of Proposed Rule Making
Proposed access to U-NII-2B and U-NII-4 for unlicensed Invited comment on possible sharing techniques No change to existing spectrum allocations - - existing allocations/services are protected against harmful interference
Previous RulesAllocations
Unlicensed
Now 250 mW
Dynamic Spectrum AccessPoses New Challenges
Radios are more sophisticated: Software controlled Potentially modifiable (security)
Sharing rules more complicated: Incumbent protections:
exclusion zones vs “in use”? Protect worst case vs reasonable? Data bases; sensing; etc. Ix interactions harder to predict
Questions to Ponder How can we develop effective compliance and
enforcement schemes? How do we quickly identify the source of Ix? Who do you call? What are reasonable & timely corrective actions? How do we apportion responsibility? If interference is caused by federal systems to
consumers, what happens?And many others . . .
FCC Approach to 5GRemarks of FCC Chairman Tom Wheeler at March 8, 2016 Satellite Leadership Dinner:
“The United States approaches the kind of opportunity 5G presents somewhat differently from other countries. We do it by indicating which spectrum will be made available and then relying on a private sector-led process for producing technical standards best suited for those frequencies. We won’t wait for the standards to be first developed in the sometimes arduous standards-setting process or in a government-led activity.”
“Last summer, the Commission launched what we call our Spectrum Frontiers rulemaking to explore the use of millimeter wave spectrum – the airwaves at 24 GHz and above – for 5G. Our Spectrum Frontiers rulemaking reflects the need to be innovative and flexible in how we utilize spectrum. We cannot limit ourselves to old models or worst-case analyses.”
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5G – Policy Perspective
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5G is a national priority for US We indicate which spectrum will be made available Rely on a private sector-lead process for producing technical standards best suited for
those frequencies
Flexible licensing rules: To support various service models Carrier-driven vs. new entrant vs. end-user driven network
Technical rules to take advantage of propagation characteristics
of mm bands Enable sharing opportunities Enhance spectrum reuse
Create opportunities for innovators to build and deliver new services and applications to consumers
Key Events
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FCC Spectrum Frontier NPRM Released on October 23, 2015 Comments and Reply Comment were due on Jan 26th and Feb 23rd, 2016
WRC15 Identified 11 bands to study for 5G in WRC19 Not all of Spectrum Frontiers NPRM bands are aligned with WRC15 study bands
FCC 5G Workshop One-day workshop on April 10th, 2016 Panel discussions on key topics with industry leaders Latest 5G equipment were demonstrated
Spectrum Frontiers R&O Unanimously adopted on July 14th Commission Meeting First nation to open high-bands for 5G
Spectrum Frontiers Order Core Principles
Identify substantial spectrum in MMW bands for new services Protect incumbent services against interference Flexible use: Enable market to determine highest valued use Overlay auctions where no existing assignments Provide spectrum for both licensed and unlicensed use Ensure cyber security protections are considered from the start
R&O – 10.85GHz of Spectrum is added for mobile service Licensed Bands (3.85GHz): 27.5-28.35 GHz; 38.6-40 GHz; 37-38.6 GHz; Unlicensed Bands (7GHz): 64-71 GHz
FNPRM – seeks further comment on 15.8GHz + above 95GHz band 24.25-24.45 GHz; 24.75-25.25 GHz; 31.8-33.4 GHz; 42-42.5 GHz; 47.2-50.2 GHz;
71-76 GHz; 81-86 GHz; bands above 95 GHz
Licensing, Operating and Regulatory Rules/Issues Part 30: Upper Microwave Flexible Use Service (UMFUS) Geographic Area Licensing, Area Size, Band Plan, License Term Technical rules Performance Requirements 17
Overview of R&O Bands28 GHz 37 GHz 39 GHz 64-71 GHz
Frequency 27.5-28.35 GHz 37-38.6 GHz 38.6-40 GHz 64-71 GHz
Bandwidth 850 MHz 1600 MHz 1400 MHz 7000 MHz
TerrestrialAllocation
Licensed for fixed operations, with about 75% of the population
covered by existing licenses; remaining licenses in inventory
Yes (no current use) Licensed for fixed operations, with about 50% of the population
covered by existing licenses; the
remaining licenses are in inventory.
Yes (no current use)
FederalAllocation
No Radio Astronomy / Space Research in 37-38 GHz @ 3 sites;
Federal Fixed/Mobile in 37-38.6 GHz @ 14 locations
Fixed Satellite Service / Mobile Satellite Service in 39.5-40 (military use only)
Earth Exploration Satellite
Fixed/Mobile/Satellite
Satellite Allocation
Yes Yes (no current use) Yes (no current use) Yes (no current use)
Licensing Scheme
Licensed Licensed Licensed Unlicensed
Ensure Communications Security “Hackers Used New Weapons to Disrupt Major Websites
Across U.S.”, NYT, 10/21/16 New era of nation state electronic attacks Organized hacker networks and ecosystem
Network transforming SDN/NFC Internet to an Internet of Things
Regulatory authority Broad authority under Communications act to protect
communications infrastructure Ability to impose requirements to protect communications
infrastructure but with a high bar Ability to regulate common carriers with a lower bar Certification of electronic devices historically limited to RF
characteristics but evolving SDR requirements
Network security: triage for the moment Working with various industries on best practices
Many attacks result of social engineering and open security holes
Reality is that best practices often ignored NIST cybersecurity framework
High level Need
More specific plans for a trusted and secure broadband infrastructure
Lower cost auditing of plan implementation FCC can accelerate a transition to a secure broadband
environment FCC won’t define it
Broadband as Critical Infrastructure PSTN had over 100 years of context
Reliability requirements, social services (e.g. 911), obligations, fees, reciprocal agreements
PSTN is dead; long live broadband But the context does not automatically carry over
Issues What information should be available regarding state/quality of
broadband infrastructure: metrics and how to acquire E.g: we know more about PSTN than Internet in a disaster
Balance between broadband services/Internet Resiliency/Reliability requirements Obligations, fees Access to communication resources: numbers, services, etc.
Trial activities to determine what breaks when PSTN is turned down
Allow Competitive Innovation If the FCC continues to allocate spectrum to
meet the needs of the cellular industry, we perpetuate the cellular industry
Need to understand how companies can integrate/adapt communication services to support new business models
Drivers SDN/NFV, unlicensed spectrum, incremental
spectrum costs, hybrid spectrum models, dynamic spectrum brokers, smaller geographic allocations, changes in service rules
Competitive Innovation Possibilities Virtualization of communications
infrastructure will lower barriers to entry Maybe Apple as a virtual communication
services company Maybe Facebook as the one stop
communications app Goal is to ensure that innovators
succeed/fail on merits of their proposals Not fail on the basis of a legacy regulatory
environment
Moving Towards the Future Changes that we see in the next 5 to 8 years
will rival any period of change in communications history
We will either succeed or fail on whether we provide an open, competitive and secure communications environment
We need to develop comprehensive and evolvable goals that address the fundamental needs of the future Regulatory environment should support these
goals