Fbrd> tPl;Ltrjpfs; njhifkjpg;G 2012 gpujhd Njly;fs; · Fbrd> tPl;Ltrjpfs; njhifkjpg;G 2012 gpujhd...

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2012

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gzpg;ghsH ehafj;jpd; tho;j;Jr; nra;jp ...........................................................................................VI

Nkyjpf gzpg;ghsH ehafj;jpd; tho;j;Jr; nra;jp ........................................................................VII

gzpg;ghsupd; tho;j;Jr; nra;jp .............................................................................................................VIII

tiuglq;fspd; gl;bay; ........................................................................................................................X-XIII

ml;ltizfspd; gl;bay; .......................................................................................................................XIV

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rdj;njhif msT> tsHr;rp kw;Wk; guk;gy; ...................................................................................... 7

taJg; ghy; fl;likg;G.............................................................................................................................. 15

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tpthf me;j];J ...........................................................................................................................................27

fUtsk; ............................................................................................................................................................35

vOj;jwpT .........................................................................................................................................................43

fy;tp ...................................................................................................................................................................47

,lk;ngaHT ......................................................................................................................................................51

clypay; kw;Wk; cstpay; ,lHghLfs; ........................................................................................... 63

tPl;Ltrjpfs; ...................................................................................................................................................67

rdj;njhif njhlHghd rthy;fs;> gpur;rpidfs; kw;Wk; cgha khHf;fq;fs; .................. 79

X Fbrd> tPl;Ltrjpfs; njhifkjpg;G 2012 - gpujhd Njly;fs;

tiuglq;fspd; gl;bay;

tiuglk; 1 : rdj;njhifapd; msT kw;Wk; tsHr;rp 1971 - 2012 ..................................... 8

tiuglk; 2 : khtl;l mbg;gilapy; rdj;njhif mjpfupg;G 1981 - 2012 ........................ 9

tiuglk; 3 : khtl;l kl;lj;jpyhd rdj;njhifg; guk;gy; kw;Wk;

rdj;njhif mlHj;jp - 2012 .................................................................................. 10

tiuglk; 4 : khtl;l kl;lj;jpyhd rdj;njhif mlHj;jp - 2012 ..................................... 11

tiuglk; 5 : efuq;fspd; tprhyj; jd;ikAk; guk;gYk; - 2012 .......................................... 12

tiuglk; 6 : khtl;l mbg;gilapy; efuhf;fk; ........................................................................... 13

tiuglk; 7 : ghy; (Mz; ngz;) tPjhrhuk; 1981 - 2012 ........................................................ 16

tiuglk; 8 : taJf; fl;likg;G 1981 - 2012 ............................................................................. 16

tiuglk; 9 : tpupthd taJg; gpupTf;fikar; rdj;njhif 1981 - 2012........................ 17

tiuglk; 10 : jq;fpapUg;NghH tPjk; 1981 - 2012 ........................................................................ 18

tiuglk; 11 : KjpNahH rdj;njhif 1946 - 2041 ..................................................................... 18

tiuglk; 12 : KJikr; Rl;nlz; ....................................................................................................... 19

tiuglk; 13 : 60 taJ my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;ltaJg; gpupTf;fika

KJikailjy; 1981 2012 2041 ......................................................................... 20

tiuglk; 14 : KJikr; rdj;njhifapd; ghy; tPjhrhuk; 1981 - 2012 .............................. 20

tiuglk; 15 : KjpNahH rdj;njhifapd; tpthf epiyik - 2012 .................................... 21

tiuglk; 16 : ,d uPjpahd rdj;njhiff; fl;likg;G - 2012 .............................................. 24

tiuglk; 17 : 1981> 2012 ,ilapy; ,d uPjpahd rdj;njhiff; fl;likg;G ................. 24

tiuglk; 18 : rka mbg;gilapyhd fl;likg;G - 2012 ......................................................... 25

tiuglk; 19 : 1981 - 2012 ,ilapy; rka mbg;gilapyhd fl;likg;G ....................... 25

tiuglk; 20 : tpthf me;j];jpw;fika 15 taJ kw;Wk; mjpYk;

$ba Mz; rdj;njhifapd; tPjhrhuk; - 2012 .............................................. 28

tiuglk; 21 : tpthf me;j];jpw;fika 15 taJ kw;Wk; mjpYk; $ba

ngz; rdj;njhifapd; tPjhrhuk; - 2012 ........................................................... 28

tiuglk; 22 : taJg; gpupT kw;Wk; ghy; tpguj;jpw;fika xU NghJk; tpthfk;

nra;ahj rdj;njhifapd; tPjhrhuk; - 2012 .................................................... 29

tiuglk; 23 : taJj; njhFjp kw;Wk; gpupTf;fika xU NghJk; tpthfkhfhj

Mz;fs; rdj;njhifapd; tPjhrhuk; - 2012 .................................................... 29

tiuglk; 24 : taJj; njhFjp kw;Wk; gpupTf;fika xU NghJk; tpthfkhfhj

ngz;fs; rdj;njhifapd; tPjhrhuk; - 2012 .................................................... 30

njhifkjpg;G> Gs;sptpguj; jpizf;fsk; XI

tiuglk; 25 : ghy; kw;Wk; gpupTf;fika jpUkzkhFk; ruhrup taJ - 2012 ................ 30

tiuglk; 26 : ,dj; njhFjp mbg;gilapy; jpUkz tajpd;

ruhrupg; ngWkjp - 2012 ............................................................................................ 31

tiuglk; 27 : ghy; kw;Wk; khtl;l mbg;gilapy; jpUkzkhFk;

ruhrup taJ - 2012 .................................................................................................... 31

tiuglk; 28 : gpupTf;fika vg;NghjhtJ jpUkzk; nra;j ngz;fs; gpurtpj;j

capUld; thOk; Foe;ijfspd; vz;zpf;ifapd; ruhrupg;

ngWkjp - 2012 .............................................................................................................. 36

tiuglk; 29 : ,dj; njhFjpf;fika vg;NghjhtJ tpthfk; nra;j 50

tajpYk; $ba kw;Wk; 15 - 49 tajpw;fpilg;gl;l ngz;fSf;F

vg;NghjhtJ gpwe;j capUld; thOk; Foe;ijfspd;

ruhrupg; ngWkjp - 2012 ............................................................................................ 36

tiuglk; 30 : gpupTfSf;fika nkhj;jf; fUts tpfpjhrhuk; - 2012 ........................ 37

tiuglk; 31 : gpupTf;fika fUts tpfpjhrhuj;jpd; khw;wk; 2005> 2011 ......................... 38

tiuglk; 32 : ,dj;njhFjpf;fika nkhj;jf; fUts tpfpjhrhuk; - 2011 ..................... 38

tiuglk; 33 : ngz;fspd; fy;tp kl;lj;jw;fika nkhj;jf; fUts tpfpjhrhuk;

khw;wkiljy; - 2005> 2011 ...................................................................................... 39

tiuglk; 34 : khtl;l mbg;gilapy; nkhj;jf; fUts tpfpjhrhuk; - 2011 .................... 40

tiuglk; 35 : taJr; rpwg;Gf; fUts tpfpjhrhug; gpwg;Gf;fs; (ASFRs) ........................... 41

tiuglk; 36 : nkhj;jf; fUts tpfpjhrhuk; 1981 - 2011 ....................................................... 42

tiuglk; 37 : ghy; kw;Wk; khtl;l mbg;gilapy; vOj;jwpT tPjhrhuk; - 2012 ............ 44

tiuglk; 38 : gpupT kw;Wk; ghy; mbg;gilapy; vOj;jwpT tPjhrhuk; - 2012 ................. 44

tiuglk; 39 : ghy; kw;Wk; taJg; gpupT mbg;gilapy; nkhopawpT - 2012 .................... 45

tiuglk; 40 : taJg; gpupT kw;Wk; khtl;l mbg;gilapy; fzpdpiag;

gad;gLj;Jk; Mw;wy; .................................................................................................. 45

tiuglk; 41 : ,izaj; jsj;jp;w;Fs; gpuNtrpj;jy; khtl;l mbg;gilapy; - 2012 ...... 46

tiuglk; 42 : taJj; njhFjp kw;Wk; gpupT mbg;gilapy;

Kd;gs;sp nry;Yk; tPjhrhuk; - 2012 .................................................................. 48

tiuglk; 43 : taJj; njhFjp kw;Wk; khtl;l mbgg;ilapy; ghlrhiy

nry;Yk; tpjhrhuk; - 2012........................................................................................ 49

tiuglk; 44 : ghy; mbg;gilapy; 25 kw;Wk; mjw;F Nkw;gl;l

rdj;njhifapd; fy;tp kl;lk; - 2012 ................................................................. 50

XII Fbrd> tPl;Ltrjpfs; njhifkjpg;G 2012 - gpujhd Njly;fs;

tiuglk; 45 : khtl;l mbg;gilapy; 25 kw;Wk; mjw;F Nkw;gl;l

rdj;njhifapd; fy;tp kl;lk; - 2012 ................................................................. 50

tiuglk; 46 : khfhz uPjpapyhd cs;Nehf;fpa-,lk;ngaHe;Njhupd; rjtPjg;

guk;gy; 2012 ................................................................................................................... 52

tiuglk; 47 : khtl;l uPjpahd cs;Nehf;fpa-,lg;ngaHtpd; tbtq;fs; 1981> 2012 .... 53

tiuglk; 48 : khfhz kw;Wk; trpf;Fk; fhyg;gFjp mbg;gilapyhd

cs;Nehf;fpa-,lg;;ngathsHfs; - 2012 .............................................................. 54

tiuglk; 49 : khtl;lj;jpDs; ,lg;ngaHTf;fhd fhuzq;fs; mbg;gilapyhd

cs;Nehf;fpa-,lg;ngaHthsHfspd; guk;gy; ...................................................... 54

tiuglk; 50 : ,lk;ngaHe;NjhH kw;Wk; ,lk;ngauhNjhH rdj;njhifapd;

taJ-ghy; guk;gy; - 2012 ......................................................................................... 55

tiuglk; 51 : khfhz uPjpapy; ntspNehf;fp ,lk; ngaHe;Njhupd; rjtPjg;

guk;gy; 1981> 2012 ....................................................................................................... 56

tiuglk; 52 : khtl;l uPjpapyhd ntspNehf;fpa-,lg;ngaHtpd;

tbtq;fs; 1981> 2012 ................................................................................................. 56

tiuglk; 53 : khtl;l uPjpapyhd Njwpa ,lg;ngaHtpd; tbtq;fs; 1981> 2012 ............ 57

tiuglk; 54 : khtl;lk; kw;Wk; ghy; uPjpahd jw;fhypfkhf ntspehLfspy;

trpg;NghH rdj;njhif .............................................................................................. 59

tiuglk; 55 : jw;NghJ trpf;Fk; ehLfs; uPjpahf ntspehLfspd; jw;fhypfkhf

trpf;Fk; ,yq;ifr; rdj;njhif .......................................................................... 60

tiuglk; 56 : Fbj;jdj; jiytupd; fy;tpj; jifik uPjpahf

Fiwe;jJ xUtuhtJ jw;fhypfkhf ntspehl;by; trpf;Fk;

Fbj;jdq;fspd; rjtPjk; ........................................................................................... 61

tiuglk; 57 : FLk;gf; fl;likg;G uPjpahf Fiwe;jJ xUtH ntspehl;by;

trpf;Fk; Fbj;jdq;fspd; rjtPjk; ....................................................................... 61

tiuglk; 58 : tif kw;Wk; taJ uPjpahf clypay; kw;Wk; cstpay;

,lHghLila rdj;njhifapdupd; rjtPjk; ...................................................... 64

tiuglk; 59 : khtl;l uPjpahf clypay; kw;Wk; cstpay; ,lHghl;bd; jd;ik........ 65

tiuglk; 60 : taJg; gpupT kw;Wk; ghy; uPjpahf clypay; kw;Wk; cstpay;

,lHghLila rdj;njhifapd; rjtPjk; - 2012 ........................................... 66

tiuglk; 61 : khtl;l uPjpahf trpf;Fk; tPl;Lf;$Wfspd; vz;zpf;if - 2012 .............. 69

tiuglk; 62 : RtHfspd; gpujhd %yg;nghUs; uPjpahf trpf;Fk;

tPl;Lf;$Wfspd; rjtPjg; guk;gy; - 2012 ............................................................ 71

njhifkjpg;G> Gs;sptpguj; jpizf;fsk; XIII

tiuglk; 63 : jiuf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s gpujhd %yg;nghUs; kw;Wk;

khtl;l uPjpahf trpf;Fk; tPl;Lf;$Wfspd; rjtPjq;fs; .............................. 71

tiuglk; 64 : $iuf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jpAs;s gpujhd %yg;nghUs; uPjpahf

trpf;Fk; tPl;Lf;$Wfspd; rjtPjg; guk;gy; - 2012 ........................................ 72

tiuglk; 65 : epHkhzpf;fg;gl;l nghUs;fspd; tif kw;Wk; khtl;l uPjpahf

trpf;Fk; tPl;Lf;$Wfspd; rjtPjg; guk;gy; - 2012 ........................................ 73

tiuglk; 66 : FbePH ngWk; gpujhd khHf;fj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;

Fbj;jdq;fspd; rjtPjg; guk;gy; - 2012 ............................................................ 74

tiuglk; 67 : khtl;l uPjpahf ghJfhg;gw;w FbePiug; gad;gLj;Jk;

Fbj;jdq;fspd; rjtPjq;fs; - 2012 ..................................................................... 74

tiuglk; 68 : rikay; vupnghUs; ghtid uPjpahf Fbj;jdq;fspd;

rjtPjg; guk;gy; ............................................................................................................. 75

tiuglk; 69 : gpujhd ntspr;r%l;Lk; %yj;jpw;fika Fbj;jdq;fspd;

rjtPjg; guk;gy; - 2012 .............................................................................................. 75

tiuglk; 70 : khtl;l uPjpahf ntspr;r%l;Ltjw;fhf Fbj;jdq;fs; kpd;rhuj;ijg;

(Njrpa fl;likg;Gfs;) gad;gLj;Jk; rjtPjk; - 2012 ................................. 75

tiuglk; 71 : FbapUg;Gg; gpupT uPjpahf Fbj;jdq;fspd; kyry$lg;

ghtidapd; rjtPjg; guk;gy; .................................................................................. 76

tiuglk; 72 : jpz;kf; fopTfis mfw;Wk; gpujhd Kiw uPjpahf

Fbj;jdq;fspd; rjtPjg; guk;gy; - 2012 ............................................................ 77

tiuglk; 73 : fpilf;ff;$ba> njhiyj;njhlHG trjpfs; uPjpahf

Fbj;jdq;fspd; rjtPjq;fs;.................................................................................... 77

tiuglk; 74 : khtl;l uPjpahf fpilf;ff;$ba> njhiyf;fhl;rp kw;Wk;

thndhyp trjpfs; - 2012 ....................................................................................... 78

tiuglk; 75 : khtl;l uPjpahf fpilf;ff;$ba> njhiyNgrp trjpfs; - 2012 .............. 78

tiuglk; 76 : khtl;l uPjpahf fpilf;ff;$ba> fzpdp trjpfs; - 2012 ......................... 78

XIV Fbrd> tPl;Ltrjpfs; njhifkjpg;G 2012 - gpujhd Njly;fs;

ml;ltizfspd; gl;bay;

ml;ltiz 1 : ghy; epiyf;fika jpUkzk; nra;Ak;

ruhrup tajpd; khw;wk;> 1971 - 2012 .................................................................... 32

ml;ltiz 2 : khtl;l uPjpahd Njwpa ,lg;ngaHT tPjk; - 1981> 2012 ......................... 58

ml;ltiz 3 : egHfs; trpf;Fk; fl;blq;fspd; vz;zpf;if - 2012 .................................... 68

ml;ltiz 4 : tPl;Lf; fl;likg;G uPjpahf trpf;Fk; tPl;Lf;$Wfspd; rjtPjg; guk;gy; -

2012 .................................................................................................................................... 69

ml;ltiz 5 : tPl;L cupik uPjpahf trpf;Fk; tPl;Lf;$Wfspd; Fbj;jdq;fspd;

rjtPjg; guk;gy; - 2012 .............................................................................................. 70

ml;ltiz 6 : epHkhzpj;j tUl uPjpahf trpf;Fk; tPl;Lf;$Wfspd; rjtPjg; guk;gy; -

2012 .................................................................................................................................... 73

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Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jp toikahd trpg;gplj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l De - jure Kiwik (rl;l uPjpahd fzf;nfLg;G) 2012 Mk; Mz;by; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

njhifkjpg;Gf; fhyj;jpDs; egnuhUtH Xuplj;jpy; njhlHr;rpahf MW khjq;fs;

my;yJ mjpYk; $ba fhyk; trpj;jy; my;yJ MW khjj;jpw;F Nkyhfj; njhlHr;rpahf

trpg;gjw;F vjpHghHf;Fk; ,lk; toikahd trpg;gplk; vd tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;jg;gLk;.

� ,e;j Kiwikia ,yq;ifapd; njhifkjpg;G tuyhw;wpy; Vw;gl;l kpf Kf;fpakhd

tsHr;rpg; gbnadf; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;syhk;.

2012 njhifkjpg;gpd; Vida Kf;fpa Kd;Ndw;wq;fs;

� fle;j njhifkjpg;Gf;fspy; juTfs; egHfs; %yNk fzpdpg; gjpT nra;ag;gl;lJ.

mjw;fhff; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT tsq;fs; Njitg;gl;lJld; mjpfkhd fhyKk;

Njitg;gl;lJ. 2012 njhifkjpg;gpNy juTfis cs;thq;Ftjw;fhf tpdhf;nfhj;Jj;

juT tUly;(Scanning)Kiw gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,jd;NghJ OMR/ICR Nghd;w,yf;fg; gpujp tpk;gq;fs; Clhf juTfs; cs;thq;fg;gLk;.


� Kjd; Kiwahf E-census njhopy; El;gj;jpidg; gad;gLj;jp 2012 njhifkjpg;gpy; nfhOk;G khefu rigf;Fs; njupT nra;ag;gl;l rpy tPLfspy; jfty; Nrfupg;gJ

guPl;rhHj;j kl;lj;jpy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,jd;NghJ ,izaj;jpD}lhf

,yj;jpudpay; juT gupkhw;wk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; NghJ jfty;fspd; ,ufrpaj;

jd;ikapidg; ghJfhf;Fk; nghUl;L gy;NtW ghJfhg;G gbKiwfs; vLf;fg;gl;ld.

� ,jw;F Kd;ida njhifkjpg;Gf;fspy; gjpyspg;gtHfspd; njhopy; kw;Wk;

ifj;njhopy;fisf; FwpaPL nra;tjw;F cj;jpNahfj;jHfs; <LgLj;jg;gl;lJld;

mjw;fhf kpf mjpfkhd fhyk; nrytplg;gl;lJld; tOf;fs; Vw;gLtjw;fhd

tha;g;Gf;fs; mjpfkhff; fhzg;gl;ld. 2012 njhifkjpg;gpy; FwpaPL nra;Ak;

nraw;wpwid tpUj;jp nra;Ak; kpfg; nghUj;jkhd FwpaPl;ilj; Njbf; FwpaPL

nra;tjw;F cjTk; nkd;nghUs; xd;W jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

cs;slf;fg;gLk; gpujhd jiyg;Gf;fs;

rdj;njhif (29 tpdhf;fs;)

- kf;fspay; gz;Gfs; (taJ> Mz;> ngz; tpguk;> tpthf me;j];Jg;

Nghd;wd.)

- cs;sff; Fbg;ngaHT

- clypay; kw;Wk; cstpay; ,lHghLfs;

- fy;tp kw;Wk; njhopy; jifikfs;

- fUtsk;

- jw;fhypfkhf ntspehl;by; trpf;fr; nrd;Ws;s egHfs;

Fbj;jdk; (11 tpdhf;fs;)

- FbePiug; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; gpujhd khHf;fk;

- ntspr;rj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; gpujhd khHf;fk;

- kyry$l trjpfs;

- njhlHghly; trjpfs;

- ,izaj; jsj;jpDs; Eiojy;

tPl;Lf; $W (8 tpdhf;fs;)

- $wpd; jd;ik

- RtH jiu kw;Wk; $iuapid mikg;gjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s

gpujhd nghUl;fs;

- epUkhzpj;J Kbf;fg;gl;l Mz;L


njhifkjpg;Gg; ngWNgWfis ntspaPL nra;jy;

njhifkjpg;gpy; jfty; Nrfupj;jy; kw;Wk; tifg;gLj;jy; nraw;ghLfs; kpfr; rpf;fyhdJ

vd;gjhy; njhifkjpg;Gj; juTfis ntspaPL nra;tjw;Fg; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT fhyk;

vLf;Fk;. Mifahy;njhifkjpg;Gg; ngWNgWfis ntspaPL nra;jy; fPNo Fwpg;gplg;gLk;

tifapy; gy fl;lq;fshf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.

� fzf;nfLf;Fk; cj;jpNahfj;jupd; rhuhk;rj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp mbg;ilg; ngWNgWfis

cs;slf;fpa mwpf;if 2012 Mk; Mz;L Vg;uy; khjk; ntspaplg;gl;lJ.

� fzf;nfLf;Fk; cj;jpNahfj;jupd; rhuhk;r mwpf;ifapid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L

“rdj;njhif” kw;Wk; “tPl;L trjpfs;” vd;tw;wpd; gz;Gfis cs;slf;fpg; gpuNjr

nrayhsH gpupT kl;lj;jpy; ,U mwpf;iffs; 2012 xl;NlhgH khjj;jpy; ntspaplg;gl;ld.

� mLj;j mwpf;if ,Wjpj; njhifkjpg;gpd; E}w;Wf;F 5% khjpupnahd;iw mbg;gilahff;

nfhz;L 2014 khHr; khjk; ntspaplg;gl;lJ.

� 14 MtJ njhifkjpg;gpd; mbg;gilj; jfty;fis ntspaPL nra;Ak; khehL ,Wjpj;

njhifkjpg;G mwpf;ifia ntspaPL nra;tjw;F Kd;dH elhj;jg;gLk; mLj;j

gbKiwahFk;.

� Fbrd kw;Wk; tPl;L trjpfs; njhlHghd khfhz mwpf;if kw;Wk; ,Wjpj;

njhifkjpg;G mwpf;if kpf tpiutpy; ntspaplg;gLk;.

rdj;njhif msT>

tsHr;rp kw;Wk; guk;gy;


rdj;njhifapd; msT kw;Wk; tsHr;rp

tiuglk; 1: rdj;njhifapd; msT kw;Wk; tsHr;rp 1971 - 2012

2012 Mk; Mz;by; elhj;jg;gl;l Fbrdj; njhifkjpg;gpw;fika ,yq;ifapd;

rdj;njhif 20>359>439 MFk;. rdj;njhif tUlhe;jk; gbg;gbahf mjpfhpj;jJld;

1871 Mk; Mz;Lld; xg;gpLkplj;J 2012 Mk; Mz;lhFk; NghJ ,yq;ifapd;

rdj;njhif vl;L klq;fhf mjpfupj;Js;sJ.

1953 Mk; Mz;bd; gpd;dH ,yq;ifapd; rdj;njhif mjpfupg;G tpfpjhrhuk;

njspthd tPo;r;rpiaf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. 1981 - 2012 ,d; fhyg; gFjpf;Fs; rdj;njhif

mjpfupg;gpd; ruhrupg; ngWkjp 1.1% vd;wthW gjpthfpAs;sJ.

fle;j fhyq;fspy;; Vw;gl;l ,e;j khw;wq;fSf;Ff; fhuzk; gpwg;G tPjk; kw;Wk;

,wg;G tPj khw;wq;fspy; Vw;gl;l tPo;r;rpahFk;. 1946 ,yq;ifapd;; gpwg;G tPjk;

kw;Wk; ,wg;G tPjk; caHe;j kl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gl;lJld;> rdj;njhif tsHr;rp

tPjk; 1.7% ,Yk; Fiwe;j kl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gl;lJ. 1946 ,d; gpd;dH ,wg;G tPjk;

kpf Ntfkhf tPo;r;rpaile;jJ. mjd; ngWNgwhf rdj;njhif tsHr;rp tPjj;jpd;

ngWkjp 2.0% ,Yk; $ba ngWkjpahf mjpfupj;jJ. 1960 ,d; gpd;dH gpwg;G tPjk;

gbg;gbahf tPo;r;rpaila Muk;gpj;jJ. ,e;jr; rk;gtq;fSld; rdj;njhif mjpfupg;G

tPjk; gbg;gbahf tPo;r;rpaila Muk;gpj;jJ. jw;NghJ ,yq;ifapd; gpwg;G kw;Wk;

,wg;G tPjq;fs; Fiwe;j kl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gLtJld; vjpHfhyj;jpy; NkYk; tPo;r;rp

Vw;gLtjw;Fupa re;ju;g;gq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

2.4

20.4

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

0

5

10

15

20

25

1871

1881

1891

1901

1911

1921

1931

1946

1953

1963

1971

1981

2012

rdj;njhif tsu;r;rp tPjk;

rdj;njhif

(kpy;ypad;)tsu;r;rp tPjk;

(%)


-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

Etnuypah

Nffhiy

Ky;iyj;jPT

khj;jiw

fpspnehr;rp

gJis

fhyp

fz;b

FUzhfy;

khj;jis

nfhOk;G

,uj;jpdGup

mk;ge;Njhl;il

fSj;Jiw

mEuhjGuk;

jpUNfhzkiy

Gj;jsk;

kl;lf;fsg;G

nghyd;dWit

nkhduhfiy

fk;g`h

mk;ghiw

tTdpah

tsu;r;rp tPjk; (tpfpjhrhuk;)

aho;g;ghzk;;

kd;dhu;

tiuglk; 2 : khtl;l mbg;gilapy; rdj;njhif mjpfupg;G 1981 - 2012

1981 - 2012 ,ilg;gl;l fhyj;jpy; ,yq;ifapd; tUlhe;j rdj;njhif mjpfupg;G

tPjk; 1.1 MFk;. ,e;jf;

fhyj;jpDs; ehl;bd;

khtl;lq;fSf;fpilapy;

rdj;njhif tsHr;rpapy;

Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT khw;

wq;fs; Vw;gl;Ls;sd.

,e;jg; ngWkjp E}w;Wf;F

2.0 ,ypUe;J E}w;Wf;F

- 0.7 ,w;F ,ilg;gl;l

tPr;rpDs; mikag;

ngw;Ws;sJ.

,yq;ifapd; caHe;j

rdj;njhif tsHr;rp

tPjj;ijf; nfhz;l khtl;

lk; tTdpah vd;gJld;

me;jg; ngWkjp E}

w;Wf;F 2.0 MFk;.

,jw;Ff; fhuzk; Aj;j

fhyg;gFjpapd; NghJ

fzprkhd kf;fs; me;j

khtl;lj;jpw;Ff; FbngaHe;J

Aj;jk; epiwtile;j

gpd;Gk; mtHfs; ,e;j

khtl;lj;jpy; trpg;gjhf

,Uf;fyhk;.

mt;thNw mk;ghiw>

fk;g`h> nkhzuhfiy

khtl;lq;fspYk; rdj;

njhif tsHr;rp caHe;j

ngWkjpiaf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ

(1.7%).

rdj;njhif tsHr;rp tPjk; Fiwe;j khtl;lk; Etnuypah vd;gJld; mJ E}w;Wf;F

0.6 MFk;. njhopYf;fhf mq;Fs;s kf;fs; NtW gpuNjrq;fSf;Ff; FbngaHjy; ,e;jg;

gpuNjrj;jpd; rdj;njhif tsHr;rp tPjk; Fiwthf ,Ug;gjw;Ff; fhuzkhfyhk;.

,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf khj;jiw (0.8%) Ky;iyj;jPT fpspnehr;rp kw;Wk; Nffhiy

Nghd;w khtl;lq;fspy; E}w;Wf;F 0.7% Nghd;w Fiwe;j rdj;njhif tsHr;rp tPjKk;

gjpthfpAs;sd.

aho;g;ghzk; (-0.7%) kw;Wk; kd;dhH (-0.2%) khtl;lq;fspy; vjpHf;fzpa rdj;njhif

tsHr;rp tPjk; gjpthfpapUg;gJld; ,jw;fhd gpujhd fhuzk; Aj;j fhyg;gFjpapy;

ngUk;ghyhdtHfs; NtW gpuNjrq;fSf;F FbngaHe;jikahf ,Uf;fyhk;.


rdj;njhifg; guk;gy; kw;Wk; mlHj;jp

tiuglk; 3 : khtl;l kl;lj;jpyhd rdj;njhifg; guk;gy; kw;Wk;

rdj;njhif mlHj;jp - 2012

mjpfsthd rdj;

njhif nfhOk;G khtl;

lj;jpy; gjpthfpAs;sJ.

mJ 2.3 kpy;ypad;fs;

vd;gJld; nkhj;j

rdj;njhifapy; E}w;

Wf;F 11.4% MFk;.

fk;g`h khtl;lj;jpYk;

mjw;Fr; rkkhd

rdj; njhif guk;gpf;

fhzg;gLtJld; mjd;

vz;zpf;if 2.3

kpy;ypad;fshff; fhzg;

gLtJld; nkhj;j

rdj;njhifapy; E}w;

Wf;F 11.3% MFk;.

mt;thNw FUzhfy;

fz;b fSj;Jiw ,uj;

jpdGup kw;Wk; fhyp

khtl;lq;fspYk; xU

kpy;ypaDf;F mjpfkhd

rdj;njhif fhzg;gL

fpd;wd.

NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l

VO khtl;lq;fspYk;

nkhj;jr; rdj;njhif

apy; miuthrpf;Fk;

mjpfkhd vz;zpf;if

ahNdhH mjhtJ 54.0% fhzg;gLtJld; mtHfs;

,yq;ifapd; nkhj;j epyg; gug;gpy; ehd;fpy; xU gq;fpYk; Fiwthd epyg; gpuNjrj;jpy;

mjhtJ E}w;Wf;F 23.9% ,y; guk;gpf; fhzg;gLfpd;wdH.

tl khfhzj;jpy; Ky;iyj;jPT> kd;dhH> fpspnehr;rp> tTdpah Mfpa khtl;lq;fspy;

njhlHr;rpahff; Fiwthd rdj;njhifg; guk;gy; gjpthfpAs;sd. Ky;iyj;jPT

kw;Wk; kd;dhH khtl;lq;fspdJ 100>000 ,Yk; FiwthdjhFk;.

khtl;lq;fSf;fpilapyhd rdj;njhifg; guk;gypd; Vw;wj; jho;Tfis ftdj;jpy;

nfhs;tjw;fhf fpdpf; Fzf tPjhrhuj;jpidg; (Giniconcentrationratio) gad;gLj;j KbAk;. ,jd; ngWkjp 0 Mff; fhzg;gLkplj;J rdj;njhifg; guk;gyhdJ

KOikahfr; rkkhff; fhzg;gLtJld;> mjd; ngWkjp 1 Mff; fhzg;gLkplj;J

KOikahd rkkpd;ikia ntspg;gLj;Jk;. 2012 Mk; Mz;by; ,jd; ngWkjp 0.49

Mff; fhzg;gLtJld; rdj;njhifg; guk;gypd; Vw;wj; jho;T eLj;jug; ngWkjp

vd;gJ ,jdhy; fhl;lg;gLfpd;wJ. mjw;fika 1981 ,y; fpdpf; Fzf tPjhrhuk;

Fwpg;G: tiuglj;jpDs; fhzg;gLk; milg;Gf;Fwpf;Fs; rdj;njhif $ba khtl;lj;jpypUe;J

Fiwe;j khtl;lk; tiu ,yf;fkplg;gl;Ls;sJ


0.52 MFk;. ,jw;fika 1981 - 2012 tiu rkj;Jtkw;w rdj;njhifg; guk;gypy; rpW

tPo;r;rpia ntspf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

tiuglk; 4 : khtl;l kl;lj;jpyhd rdj;njhif mlHj;jp - 2012

rdj;njhif mlHj;jp vd;gjdhy; fUjg;gLtJ xU rJu fpNyh kPw;wUf;Fs;

trpf;Fk; egHfspd; vz;

zpf;ifahFk;. 2012 Mk;

Mz;by; ,yq;ifapd;

rdj;njhif mlHj;jp xU

rJu fpNyh kPw;wUf;F 325

egHfs; MFk;. 1981 Mk;

Mz;by; ,e;jg; ngWkjp

230 Mff; fhzg;gl;lJld;

2012 MFk; NghJ

41% Md mjpfupg;ig

ntspf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

,yq;ifapd; khtl;lq;

fSf;fpilapy; rdj;

njhif mlHj;jpapy;

ghupa khw;wq;fs; fhzg;

gLfpd;wd. Ky;iyj;jPT

khtl;ljpy; xU rJu

fpNyh kPw;wUf;F 38

egHfs; vd;gJld; mJ

,yq;ifapd; rdj;

njhif mlHj;jpapy;

gj;jpy; xU gq;fpYk;

rw;W mjpfkhFk;. Mdhy;

nfhOk;G khtl;lj;jpy; xU

rJu fpNyh kPw;wUf;Fs;

trpf;Fk; rdj;njhif

3>438 vd;gJld; mJ

,yq;ifapd; rdj;njhif

mlHj;jpapy; gj;J

klq;fpYk; mjpfkhFk;.

,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf Nky; khfhzj;jpy; nfhOk;G khtl;lj;ij mz;kpj;Js;s fk;g`h

khtl;lj;jpy; (1>719) ck; fSj;Jiw khtl;lj;jpy; (775) ck; njd;khfhzj;jpy; fhyp

khtl;lj;jpy; (658) ck; khj;jiw khtl;lj;jpy; (641) ck; kj;jpa khfhzj;jpy; fz;b khtl;lj;jpy; (717) ck; tlkhfhzj;jpy; aho;g;ghz khtl;lj;jpy; (629) ck; vd caHe;j rdj;njhif mlHj;jpiaf; fhzf; $bajhfTs;sJ.

tl khfhzj;jpy; (aho;g;ghz khtl;lk; jtpu) fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; (kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lk; jtpu) kw;Wk; tlkj;jpa khfhz khtl;lq;fspYk; kw;Wk; Cth khfhzj;jpy;

nkhzuhfiy khtl;lj;jpYk; rdj; njhif mlhj;jp xg;gPl;lstpy; Fiwe;j

ngWkjpiaf; nfhz;bUg;gjld; mJ xU rJu fpNyh kPw;wUf;F 200 egHfspYk;

FiwthdjhFk;.

Fwpg;G: tiuglj;jpDs; fhzg;gLk; milg;Gf;Fwpf;Fs; rdj;njhif $ba

khtl;lj;jpypUe;J Fiwe;j khtl;lk; tiu ,yf;fkplg;gl;Ls;sJ


efuhf;fk; - 2012

ehnlhd;wpd; efuhf;fj;jpd; msT me;j ehl;bd; nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk;

kf;fspd; tho;f;if epiyikapid kpfTk; njspthf ntspf;fhl;Lk; Fwpfhl;bahFk;.

vjpHghHj;j ngWNgWfis mile;J nfhs;tjw;fhf kpfTk; nghUj;jkhd efuhf;f

Kfhikj;Jtk; mtrpakhFk;.

efuhf;fj;jpd; msT epiyj;jpUg;gJ mjd; tiutpyf;fzj;jpw;fikathFk;. jw;NghJ

,yq;ifapd; efug; gpuNjrq;fs; vdf; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gLtJ khefu rig kw;Wk;

efurigg; gpuNjrq;fshFk;. 1987 ,w;F Kd;dH efug; gpuNjrq;fs; vd rpW efu

rigfs; cs;slf;fg;gl;bUe;jJld; 1987 ,y; khfhz rigfs; mikf;fg;gl;lJld;

me;j rpW efu rigfs; gpuNjr rigfSld; xd;wpizf;fg;gl;ld. ,e;j gpuNjr

rigfs; fpuhkpa gpupTf;Fs; cs;slf;fg;gLk;. mtw;Ws; rpy gpuNjrq;fs; khefu

rigfs; kw;Wk; efu rigfs; vdg; ngauplg;gl;bUe;jhYk; ,e;j epiyikapDs;

rpy gpuNjrq;fSf;F efuk; vd;w me;j];J ,y;yhky; NghdJ. ,t;thW efug;

gpuNjrk; vd;gjw;fhd tiutpyf;fzk; NtWgl;like;j fhuzj;jhy; msT Fiw

kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;lJld; fle;j tUlq;fSld; efuhf;fj;jpd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpid

xg;gPL nra;tjpy; ,lHghLfs; Vw;gl;ld.

,jdhy; efug; gpuNjrq;fis tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;Jk; NghJ epUthf hPjpahd

tifg;gLj;jy;fspd; mbg;gilapy; kl;Lk; jq;fpapUf;fhky; rdj;njhifapd;

gz;G uPjpahd jfty;fisAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L kpfTk; nghUj;jkhf

tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;jy; mtrpakhFk;.

jw;NghJ fhzg;gLk; tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;jYf;fika ,yq;ifapd; efuhf;f kl;lk; 2012

MFk; NghJ 18.2% MFk;. efug; gpuNjrq;fisr; rupahf tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;jpdhy;

,J kpff; $ba ngWkjpiaf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; vd;gJ njspthFk;.

tiuglk; 5 : efuq;fspd; tprhyj; jd;ikAk; guk;gYk; - 2012

48.5

nkhj;j efur; rdj;njhifapy; E}w;Wf;F 15% nfhOk;G khefu rigapDs;

trpf;fpd;wdH.

,yq;ifapy; mjpf rdj;njhifapidf; nfhz;l 8 tprhy efug; gpuNjrq;fshf

nfhOk;G> fLtiy> njfptis> fy;fp];ir> nkhul;Lit> ePHnfhOk;G> Nfhl;il

100

11.0

18.3

22.2

26.6

15.1

0 20 40 60 80 100

Total

< 25,000

25,000-49,999

50,000-99,999

100,000-199,999

200,000-499,999

500,000 - 1,000,000

tpfpjhrhuk;

rdj;njhif

mstPl;L tFg;G

100.0

6.8

0 20 40 60 80 100

Total

< 25,000

25,000-49,999

50,000-99,999

100,000-199,999

200,000-499,999

500,000 - 1,000,000

- fLtiy kh.e.r

nj`ptis-fy;fp];ir kh.e.r f];;ghit e.r

kfufk e.r, nkhul;Lit kh.e.r,ePu;nfhOk;G kh.e.r, Nfhl;il kh.e.r

- nfhOk;G kh.e.r.1

1

6

11

19

26


khefu rigfSk; nf];Ngt> k`ufk efu rigfSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. nkhj;j

efur; rdj;njhifapy; 50% Md msT ,e;jg; gpuNjrq;fspy; trpf;fpd;wdH.

,e;jg; gpuNjrq;fspy; mjpfsT Nky; khfhzj;jpy; cs;slf;fg;gl;bUg;gJ tpNrl

mk;rkhFk;. mjpy; 7 nfhOk;G khtl;lj;jpw;Fk; 1 gpuNjrk; fk;g`h khtl;lj;jpw;Fk;

cupajhFk;. ,yq;ifapd; gpujhd efuq;fspd; tyak; nfhOk;G khtl;lj;ijr; Rw;wp

xd;W NrHe;jpUg;gijf; fz;Lnfhs;s KbAk;.

,yq;ifapd; tprhykhd 8 efuq;fis tpl 56 efug; gpuNjrq;fspy; 26 kpfTk; rpwpa

efuq;fs; vd;gJld; mtw;wpy; trpf;Fk; efur; rdj;njhif 25>000 ,Yk; Fiwe;j

vz;zpf;ifahFk;. efur; rdj;njhifapy; 50% ,e;jg; gpuNjrq;fSf;F cupajhFk;.

,jd; %yk; efuhf;fj;jpd; Vw;wj;jho;T kpf;f guk;gy; ntspf;fhl;lg;gLk;.

tiuglk; 6 : khtl;l mbg;gilapy; efuhf;fk;

nfhOk;G khtl;lj;jpy;

trpf;Fk; egHfspd; ehd;fpd;

%d;W gq;fpdH (77.6%) efug; gpuNjrq;fspy;

trpf;fpd;wdH. fpof;F

khfhzj;jpw;Fupa kl;lf;

fsg;G (28.7%) mk;ghiw

(23.6%) jpUNfhzkiy

(22.4%) ck; tlkhfhzj;

jpw;Fupa kd;dhH (24.5%) tTdpah (20.2%) aho;g;ghzk;

(20.1%) Mfpa khtl;lq;fs;

,yq;ifapd; nkhj;j

efuhf;fg; ngWkjpia

tpl $ba ngWkjpiaf;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.

,yq;ifapd; jw;NghJ

fhzg;gLk; efuhf;f tiu

tpyf;fzq;fSf;F mika

nghyd;dWit> nkhzuhfiy

Ky;iyj;jPT kw;Wk;

fpspnehr;rp Mfpa khtl;

lq;fSs; efug; gpuNjrk;

fhzg;glhik rpwg;gk;r

khFk;.

Fwpg;G: tiuglj;jpDs; fhzg;gLk; milg;Gf;Fwpf;Fs; rdj;njhif $ba

khtl;lj;jpypUe;J Fiwe;j khtl;lk; tiu ,yf;fkplg;gl;Ls;sJ

taJg; ghy; fl;likg;G


-1,000,000 -500,000 0 500,000 1,000,000

00-04 05-09 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79

80+

Age Pyramid:Sri Lanka 1981

Female Male

-1,000,000 -500,000 0 500,000 1,000,000

00-04 05-09 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79

80+


Female Male

-1,000,000 -500,000 0 500,000 1,000,000

00-04 05-09 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79

80+


Female Male

2041 data from De SIlva (2007)

taJ - ghy; gpukpl; : ,yq;if 1981



ghy; fl;likg;G

tiuglk; 7: ghy; (Mz; ngz;) tPjhrhuk; 1981 - 2012

2012 Mk; tUlj; njhifkjpg;gpw;fika

,yq;ifapy; ngz;fspd; rdj;njhif

Mz;fspd; rdj; njhifia tpl

646>000 msT mjpfkhFk;.

fle;j Fbrdj; njhifkjpg;G

tUlq;fspy; ghy; tPjhrhuk; gbg;

gbahff; tPo;r;rpaile;J 2012 ,y; mJ

E}w;Wf;F 93.8 Mfg; gjpthfpAs;sJ.

Mz;fSld; xg;gpLkplj;J ngz;fs;

caHe;j MAl;fhyj;ijg; ngw;wpUj;jy;

,e;j tPo;r;rpf;Fg; gpujhd fhuzkhFk;.

taJf; fl;likg;G

tiuglk; 8: taJf; fl;likg;G 1981 - 2012

taJg; gpukpl; %yk; fhl;lg;gLtJ

xd;wpw;nfhd;W NtWgl;l tUlq;fspy; gpwg;G

,wg;G kw;Wk; Fbg;ngaHtpd; Nghf;fpw;fika

rdj;njhifapd; taJf; fl;likg;G

NtWgl;L mike;jpUg;gijahFk;. 1981

,y; gpujhdkhfr; rpWtH rdj;njhifapd;

mjpfupg;gpd; fhuzkhf gpukpl;bd; fPo;g;

gFjp tpuptile;Js;sJ.

2012 MFk; NghJ rpWtH rdj;njhiff;Fr;

rkkhf Ntiy nra;Ak; taJr;

rdj;njhif kw;Wk; KjpNahH rdj;njhif

mjpfupj;Js;sJ.

,e;j epyikapd;fPo; taJf; fl;likg;gpd;

tbtk; khw;wkile;J 2014 MFk; NghJ

KjpNahH (%g;gile;j) rdj;njhif

mjpfupg;gjdhy; taJ gpukpl; cUis

“nguy;” tbtj;jpw;F khw;wkilAk;.

106.1104.0

99.2

93.8

84

88

92

96

100

104

108

1971 1981 2001* 2012Mz;L

tpfpjk;

*18 khtl;lq;fs; khj;jpuk;

ngz;

Mz;

ngz;

Mz;

ngz;

Mz;


35.2

58.2

6.6

25.2

62.4

12.4

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

15tUlj;jpw;F

fPo;

15 - 59 60 tUlKk;mjw;FNkYk;

tpfpjhrhuk;

taJ vy;iy

1981 2012

tiuglk; 9 : tpupthd taJg; gpupTf;fikar; rdj;njhif 1981 - 2012

taJf; fl;likg;G 15

tajpYk; Fiwe;j (rpWtH)

15 - 59 tajpw;fpilg;gl;l

(Ntiy nra;Ak; taJr;

rdj;njhif) 60 taJ

my;yJ mjpYk; $ba

(KjpNahH rdj;njhif)

vd tpupthd taJj;

njhFjpfshfg; gpupf;f

KbAk;. ,e;j tajikg;G

ehl;bd; r%fg; nghUshjhu

tsHr;rpapy; ghjpg;ig

Vw;gLj;Jk;

1981 ,y; rpWtH

rdj;njhifapd; tPjhrhuk;

E}w;Wf;F 32.5 Mff;

fhzg;gl;lJld; 2012

MFk; NghJ ,e;jg;

ngWkjp Fiwtile;J

E}w;Wf;F 25.2 tiu

Fwpg;gplj; jf;f mstpdhy;

tPo;r;rpaile;Js;sJ. 1981

,y; KjpNahH rdj;njhif

E}w;Wf;F 6.6 Mff;

fhzg;gl;lJld; 2012 MFk; NghJ mJ ,uz;L klq;fhfp E}w;Wf;F 12.4 tiu mjpfupj;Js;sJ. 1981 ,y; Ntiy

nra;Ak; rdj;njhif E}w;Wf;F 58.2 Mff; fhzg;gl;lJld; 2012 MFk; NghJ

E}w;Wf;F 62.4 tiu mjfupj;jJ.

Ntiy nra;Ak; taJr; rdj;njhif mjpfupg;Gld; rpWtH rdj;njhifapd; tPo;r;rp

kw;Wk; KjpNahH rdj;njhifapd; mstpid Kfhik nra;af;$ba kl;lnkhd;wpy;

fhzg;gLkhapd; nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpf;Fr; rhHghd kf;fspay; ntFkjp

(Demographicdividend) ,yq;iff;Ff; fpilf;fg; ngWk;.

kf;fspay; ntFkjp vd;gJ Ntiy nra;Ak; taJr; rdj;njhifAld; xg;gpLkplj;J

rpWtH rdj;njhifapy; Fiwe;j mjpfupg;G Vw;gLk; re;jHg;gj;jpy; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sf;

$ba tpiuthd nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpahFk;. ,e;jr; re;jHg;gj;jpy; Ntiy nra;Ak;

rdj;njhifahy; guhkupf;f Ntz;ba jq;fpapUg;Nghupd; vz;zpf;if Fiwthff;

fhzg;gLtjdhy; nghUj;jkhd nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%ff; nfhs;iffspd; %yk;

ehl;bd; mgptpUj;jpiaj; jpl;lkpl;Lf; nfhs;sf; $ba Gjpa ghijnahd;iwj; jpwe;J

nfhs;s KbAk;. rdj;njhif KjpHr;rpailjy; mjpfupf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; Ntiy nra;Ak;

taJr; rdj;njhif Fiwtiltjdhy; kf;fspay; ntFkjp vjpHg; ngWkjpiaf;

nfhz;bUf;Fk;. mjw;fika kf;fspay; ntFkjp vd;gJ epiykhWk; re;jHg;gkhFk;.

,yq;iff;F ,e;j kf;fspay;epiykhwy; Vw;gl;Ls;sJld; mJ 1990 jrhg;jj;jpd;

Kd;diug; gFjpapypUe;J 2030 jrhg;jj;jpd; Kd;diug; gFjp tiuahd 40 tUl

mstpyhd fhyg;gFjpapy; fhzg;gLk; vd vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.


60.5

11.4

71.9

40.4

19.8

60.2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

jq;fp thOk;rpWtu;fspd; tpfpjk;

jq;fp thOk;KjpNahu;fspd; tpfpjk;

jq;fp thOk; nkhj;jtpfpjk;

tpfpjk;

1981 2012

tiuglk; 10 : jq;fpapUg;NghH tPjk; 1981 - 2012

jq;fpapUg;NghH tPjk; %yk;

taJf;fl;likg;G kw;Wk;

gpujhd taJg; gpupT

fSf;fpilapyhd njhlH

gpid vspa mstPl;bd;

%yk; fhl;lyhk;;.

nkhj;jj; jq;fpapUg;NghH tPjk;

vdf; fhl;lg;gLtJ 15 taJ

kw;Wk; 59 tajpw;fpilg;gl;l

Ntiy nra;Ak; taJr;

rdj;njhifapy; 100 egH

fSf;Ff; fhzg;gLk; 15

tajpYk; Fiwe;j kw;Wk;

60 tajpw;F Nkw;gl;l egHfspd; vz;zpf;if KOj; jq;fpapUg;NghH tPjk; vd

miof;fg;gLk;. rpWtH jq;fpapUg;NghH tPjk; kw;Wk; KjpNahH jq;fpapUg;NghH tPjj;jpd;

%yk; KiwNa Ntiy nra;Ak; taJr; rdj;njhifapy; 100 NgUf;F fhzg;gLk;

rpWtH kw;Wk; KjpNahH vz;zpf;if fhl;lg;gLk;.

2012 Mk; Mz;by; Ntiy nra;Ak; taJr; rdj;njhifapy; 100 NgUf;F rpWtH

kw;Wk; KjpNahH jq;fpapUg;NghH tPjk; 60 MFk;. mj;jq;fpapUg;NghH vz;zpf;if

60 vd;gJ fhzg;gLtJ KjpNahH jq;fpapUg;NghH 20 kw;Wk; rpWtH jq;fpapUg;NghH

40 vd;wthwhFk;. 1981 njhlf;fk; 2012 tiu rpWtH rdj;njhif tPo;r;rpaile;jjd;

fhuzkhf rpWtH jq;fpapUg;NghH vz;zpf;if E}w;Wf;F 61 ,ypUe;J E}w;Wf;F 40

tiu tPo;r;rpapidf; fhl;LtJld; mjw;Fr; rkhe;jpukhf KjpNahH jq;fpapUg;NghH

vz;zpf;if E}w;Wf;F 11 ,ypUe;J Ehw;Wf;F 20 tiu mjpfupj;jpUg;gJ KjpNahH

rdj;njhifapy; mjpfupg;gpd; fhuzkhf Vw;gl;lnjhd;whFk;. ,jd; Njwpa ngWNgwhf

nkhj;jj; jq;fpapUg;NghH vz;zpf;if 1981 njhlf;fk; 2012 tiuahd fhyg;gFjpf;Fs;

72 ,ypUe;J 60 tiu tPo;r;rpaile;jpUg;gJld; mJ mf;fhyg; gFjpf;Fs; E}w;Wf;Fg;

16 tPjkhd tPo;r;rpahFk;.

KJikailjy;

tiuglk; 11 : KjpNahH rdj;njhif 1946 - 2041

5.4 5.4 5.9 6.3 6.6

12.4

24.8

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1946 1953 1963 1971 1981 2012 2041

tpfpjhrhuk;

Mz;L2041 data from De Silva (2007)B. rpy;thtpd; 2041 jutpypUe;J (2007)


14.5 13.6 14.1 16.3 18.8

49.1

163.3

020406080

100120140160180

1946 1953 1963* 1971 1981 2012 2041

Rl;nlz;

Mz;L

2012 ,y; 60 tajpw;F Nkw;gl;l rdj;njhif 2.5 kpy;ypad;fs; vd;gJld; mJ nkhj;j

rdj;njhifapy; mJ E}w;Wf;F 12.4 MFk;. 1946 njhlf;fk; 1981 tiuahd 35 tUl

fhy vy;iyf;Fs; KJikailjy; E}w;Wf;F 5 kw;Wk; E}w;Wf;F 7 Mfpatw;Wf;F

,ilapy; fhzg;gl;lJld; 1980 Mk; Mz;L njhlf;fk; KJikailjy; kpf Ntfkhf

Muk;gkhfpaJ.

1981 ,y; E}w;Wf;F 6.6 tPjkhd KjpNahH rdj;njhif 2012 ,y; E}w;Wf;F 12.4 Mff;

fhzg;gl;lJ. mjhtJ 1981 njhlf;fk; 2012 MFk; NghJ KjpNahH rdj;njhif

,U klq;fhfpAs;sJ. vjpHT$wYf;fika kPz;Lk; KjpNahH rdj;njhif 2041 ,y;

,ul;bg;ghFk;. mg;NghJ mjd; ngWkjp E}w;Wf;F 24.8 MFk;. mt;thwhapd; 2041

MFk; NghJ 4 Ngupy; xUtH KjpNahu; rdj;njhiff;Fupauhff; fhzg;gLthH.

fUts tPjk; Fiwe;j kl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gLjy; kw;Wk; MAl;fhy vjpHghHg;G mjpfupg;G

vd;gd ,e;j KJikailjypy; mjpfupj;Jr; nry;Yk; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpAs;sd.

tiuglk; 12 : KJikr; Rl;nlz;

KjpHr;rpr; Rl;nlz; %yk; rpWtH rdj;njhiff;Fr; rkhe;jpukhf KJikaile;j

egHfspd; khw;wk; ntspf;fhl;lg;gLk;. mjhtJ 15 tajpYk; Fiwe;j rdj;njhifapy;

100 NgUf;F fhzg;gLk; 60 taJ my;yJ mjpYk; $ba egHfspd; vz;zpf;if

KJikr; Rl;nlz; vdf; fUjg;gLk;.

2012 Mk; Mz;by; 15 tajpYk; Fiwe;j rpWtHfs; 100 NgUf;F 60 tajpYk; $ba

egHfs; 49 NgH gjpthfpAs;sdH. ,J 1981 ,y; fhzg;gl;l ngWkjpahd 19 I

tpl ,U klq;F mjpfkhFk;. 2041 ,w;fhd kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l KJikr; Rl;nlz;

vz;zpf;if 163 Mff; fhzg;gLk;. ,J 2012 ,Yk; ghHf;f %d;W klq;fpYk;

mjpfkhd mjpfupg;ghFk;.

rpWtH rdj;njhifapd; vz;zpf;iff;Fr; rkkhf KJikr; rdj;njhif mjpfupj;Jr;

nry;yy; ,t;thW KJikr; Rl;nlz; mjpfupg;gjpy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpAs;sJ.

1980 ,d; gpd;dH ,j;Jiwapd; mjpfupg;gpidj; njspthff; fhzf; $bajhfTs;sJ.

2041 B rpy;thtpd; jutpypUe;J(2007)


4.0

7.6

12.41.9

3.4

8.3

0.7

1.3

4.1

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1981 2012 2041

tpfpjhrhuk;

Mz;L

80+ 70 - 79 60 - 692041 B rpy;thtpd; jutpypUe;J (2007)

tiuglk; 13 : 60 taJ my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;ltaJg; gpupTf;fika

KJikailjy; 1981 2012 2041

2012 Mk; Mz;by; nkhj;j

rdj;njhifapy; E}w;Wf;F 7.6

tPjk; 60 - 69 ,w;fpilg;gl;l taJg;

gpupTf;Fs; cs;slq;FtJld;

mJ KJikr; rdj;njhifapd;

E}w;Wf;F 61 MFk;. caHe;j

KjpNahH taJg; gpupT mjhtJ

80 tajpYk; $ba taJg;

gpupT nkhj;j rdj;njhifapy;

E}w;Wf;F 1.3 vd;gJld; KjpNahH

rdj;njhifapy; E}w;Wf;F

11 MFk;. ,J 2041 MFk;

NghJ nkhj;j rdj;njhifapy;

E}w;Wf;F 4.1 tiu mjpfupf;Fk;

vd vjpHghHg;gJld; mJ nkhj;j

rdj;njhifapy; E}w;Wf;F 17

MFk;.

,e;j caHe;j KJikr;

rdj;njhifapd; mjpfupg;G

,yq;ifapd; KJikailtjpy;

fhzg;glf; $ba Kf;fpa

gz;ghFk;.

tiuglk; 14 : KJikr; rdj;njhifapd; ghy; tPjhrhuk; 1981 - 2012

2012 ,y; 60 taJ

my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l

rdj;njhifapy; ngz;

fspd; vz;zpf;if Mz;

fspd; vz;zpf;ifia

tpl 289>000 mjpfkhFk;.

2012 ,y; ghy; tPjhrhuk;

mjhtJ me;j tUlj;jpy;

ngz;fs; 100 NgUf;F

fhzg;gLk; Mz;fspd;

vz;zpf;if 79 Mff;

fhzg;gLtJld; nkhj;j

rdj;njhiff;fhd ,e;jg;

ngWkjp 94 MFk;. 60 -

69 taJg; gpupTf;fhd

ghy; tPjhrhuk; 84 MFk;

80 tajpYk; mjpfkhd

taJg; gpuptpd; ghy;

114

79

115

84

115

75

106

65

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1981 2012

tpfpjk;

Mz;L

nkhj;jk; (60 ) 60 - 69 70 - 79 80++


tpfpjhrhuk; 65 Mfg; gbg;gbahff; Fiwtile;Js;sJ.

KjpNahH rdj;njhifapd; ghy; tpfpjhrhuk; 1981 - 2012 fhyg; gFjpf;Fs; tpiuthf

tPo;r;rpaile;Js;sJ.

ngz;fspd; MAs; vjpHghHg;G Mz;fis tpl mjpfk; vd;gjhy; KjpNahH

rdj;njhifapd; mjpfkhd gpujpepjpj;Jtk; ngz;fs; gf;fj;jpw;Ff; fpilj;Js;sJ.

tiuglk; 15 : KjpNahH rdj;njhifapd; tpthf epiyik - 2012

KjpNahH rdj;njhifapd; tpthf

me;j];jhdJ tNahjpgkile;jtHfs;

tho;tjw;fhd tpjpKiwfs; njhlHghd

jPHkhdq;fis vLf;Fk; NghJ kw;Wk;

mtHfSf;F Rfhjhug; ghJfhg;G epiwe;j

rpwe;j tho;f;ifnahd;iw tho;tjw;F

jpl;lkpLjy; kw;Wk; mLj;jtHfspd;

cjtpapidg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F

kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.

60 taJ kw;Wk; mjw;F Nkw;gl;l 5

egHfspw;F xUtH mjhtJ Ehw;Wf;F

20.9 tPjk; jhukpoe;tuhthH. KjpNahH

rdj;njhifapy; tpjitfspd; vz;

zpf;if jGjhuHfspd; (kidtpia

,oe;j Mz;fs;) vz;zpf;ifia tpl

Ie;J klq;fpdhy; mjpfupj;Js;sJ.

caHe;j taJg; gpupTfspy; Mz;fs;

kw;Wk; ngz;fSf;fpilapy; jhukpoe;

jtHfspd; tPjhrhu ,ilntsp

mjpfupj;Js;sJ.

ngz;fspd; MAs; vjpHghHg;G

caHe;j ngWkjpiaf; nfhz;bUj;jy;>

Mz;fspd; jpUkzkhFk; taJ mjpfkhff; fhzg;gLjy; Nghd;w gy;NtW fhuzpfspd;

fhuzkhf mjpfkhd ngz;fs; tpijitfshf ntspf;fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sdH.

jkJ fztdpd; cjtpapd;wp r%fj;jpy; jdpikg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk; ngz;fs;

njhlHgpy; r%fk; mjpfkhf ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.

3.7

24.6

8.7

41.5

18.3

49.7

6.5

32.4

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Mz; ngz; Mz; ngz; Mz; ngz; Mz; ngz;

60 - 69 70 - 79 80 60

tpfpjhrhuk;

xU NghJk; tpthfkhfhjtu; tpthfkhdtu;

jhukpoe;jtu; tpthfuj;Jr; nra;jtu;> gpupe;J tho;gtu;

+ +

,dj; njhFjp kw;Wk;

rka mbg;gilapyhd

fl;likg;G - 2012


,dj; njhFjp mbg;gilapyhd fl;likg;G

tiuglk; 16 : ,d uPjpahd rdj;njhiff; fl;likg;G - 2012

,yq;ifapd; nkhj;j rdj;njhifapy; 74.9 mjhtJ rdj;njhifapy; ehd;fpy; %d;W

rpq;fstHfshtH. vQ;rpa rdj;njhifapy; E}w;Wf;F 11.2 ,yq;ifj; jkpoH E}w;Wf;F

9.3 ,yq;if K];ypk; E}w;Wf;F 4.1 ,e;jpaj; jkpoH vd;gJld; E}w;Wf;F 0.5 Vida

,dj; njhFjpfSf;FupajhFk;.

tiuglk; 17 : 1981> 2012 ,ilapy; ,d uPjpahd rdj;njhiff; fl;likg;G

1981 - 2012 ,w;F ,ilg;gl;l fhyg;gFjpapy; rpq;fs ,dj;jtH 0.9 tPjj;jpdhYk;

K];yPk; ,dj;jtH 2.3 tPjj;jpdhYk; mjpfupj;Js;sdH. Mdhy; ,yq;ifj; jkpoHfs;

1.5 tPjj;jpdhYk; ,e;jpaj; jkpoHfs; 1.4 tPjj;jpdhYk; tPo;r;rpaile;Js;sdH.

rpq;fstu;

74.9%

,yq;ifj; jkpou;

11.2%

,e;jpaj; jkpou;

4.1%

,yq;if K];ypk;

9.3%

NtW

0.5%

74

12.75.5 7

0.8

74.9

11.24.1

9.3

0.50

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

rpq;fstu; ,yq;ifj;jkpou;

,e;jpaj; jkpou; ,yq;ifr;NrhdfH

NtW

tpfpjhrhuk;

,d tFg;G

1981 2012


rka mbg;gilapyhd fl;likg;G

tiuglk; 18: rka mbg;gilapyhd fl;likg;G - 2012

,yq;ifapd; nkhj;j rdj;njhifapy; E}w;Wf;F 70.1 tPjk; ngsj;jHfs; vd;gJld;

E}w;Wf;F 12.6 ,e;Jf;fSk; E}w;Wf;F 9.7 ,];yhkpaHfSk; E}w;Wf;F 6.2 cNuhkd;

fj;Njhypf;fHfs; vd;gJld; vQ;rpa 1.4 Vida fpwp];jtHfshtH.

tiuglk; 19: 1981 - 2012 ,ilapy; rka mbg;gilapyhd fl;likg;G

1981- 2012 ,ilg;gl;l fhyg; gFjpf;Fs; ngsj;jHfs; 0.8 tPjj;jpdhYk; ,];yhk;

khHf;fj;jpdH 2.2 tPjj;jpdhYk; mjpfupj;Js;sJld; ,e;J kw;Wk; cNuhkd;

fj;Njhypf;fr; rkaj;jpidg; gpd;gw;WgtHfs; KiwNa 2.9 tPjk; kw;Wk; 0.7 tPjj;jpdhy;

Fiwtile;Js;sdH.

69.3

15.5

7.5 6.90.7 0.1

70.1

12.69.7

6.21.4 0

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

ngsj;jk; ,e;J ,];yhk; cNuhkd;fj;Njhypf;

fpwp];jtu;NtW

NtW

tpfpjhrhuk;

kjk;

1981 2012

ngsj;jk;

70.1%

,e;J

12.6%

,];yhk;

9.7%

cNuhkd; fjNjh;ypf;

6.2%

fpwp];jtu; NtW

1.4%

tpthf me;j];J


tpthf me;j];J

tiuglk; 20: tpthf me;j];jpw;fika 15 taJ kw;Wk; mjpYk;

$ba Mz; rdj;njhifapd; tPjhrhuk; - 2012

tiuglk; 21: tpthf me;j];jpw;fika 15 taJ kw;Wk; mjpYk; $ba

ngz; rdj;njhifapd; tPjhrhuk; - 2012

15 tajpYk; $ba Mz; rdj;njhifapy; E}w;Wf;F 30 xU NghJk; tpthfk;

nra;ahjtHfs; vd;gJld; mjw;fikthf ngz;fs; rdj;njhif E}w;Wf;F 22 MFk;.

njhifkjpg;G Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l fhyg;gFjpf;Fs; jpUkhzkhd Mz;fs;

rdj;njhifapd; tPjhrhukhfpa E}w;Wf;F 68 ,y; E}w;Wf;F 2.7 rk;gpujha G+Htkhd

jpUkzk; nra;jtHfshtH.

njhifkjpg;G Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l fhyg;gFjpf;Fs; jpUkhzkhd ngz;fs;;

rdj;njhifapd; tPjhrhuk; kw;Wk; rk;gpujha G+Htkhd jpUkzk; nra;j ngz;fspd;

rdj;njhif tPjhrhuk; vd;gd Mz;fspd; rdj;njhif tPjhrhuj;jpw;F rkkhFk;.

,yq;ifapy; 15 tajpYk; $ba rdj;njhifapy; E}w;Wf;F 1 tPjkhdtHfs;

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0

tpthfkhfhjtu;

tpthfkhdtu;(gjpT)

tpthfkhdtu;(rk;gpu.)

jhukpoe;jtu;

tpthfuj;Jr;nra;jtu;

gpupe;jtu;(rl;lg;gb)

gpupe;J tho;gtu;(rl;.my;.)

22.0

65.1

2.8

8.7

0.3

0.2

0.9

tpfpjhrhuk;

tpthf me;j];J

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0

tpthfkhfhjtu;

tpthfkhdtu;(gjpT)

tpthfkhdtu;(rk;gpu.)

jhukpoe;jtu;

tpthfuj;Jr;nra;jtu;

gpupe;jtu;(rl;lg;gb)

gpupe;J tho;gtu;(rl;.my;.)

30.0

65.0

2.7

1.3

0.2

0.2

0.6

tpfpjhrhuk;

tpthf me;j];J


97.7

81.3

47.9

20.3

9.5

6.7

5.8

89.4

56.8

24.4

10.2

6.7

5.7

5.4

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0

15 - 19

20 - 24

25 - 29

30 - 34

35 - 39

40 - 44

45 - 49

tpfpjhrhuk;

taJ vy;iy

ngz; Mz;

97.2

74.4

39.2

15.8

6.8

4.7

4.0

97.6

80.2

46.4

19.6

9.1

6.4

5.6

98.0

86.5

55.7

24.5

11.7

8.5

7.4

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0

15 - 19

20 - 24

25 - 29

30 - 34

35 - 39

40 - 44

45 - 49

tpfpjhrhuk;

taJ vy;iy

efuk; fpuhkk; ngUe;Njhl;lk;

tpthfuj;J/ gpupe;J thOk; njhFjpf;Fs; cs;slf;fg;gl;lhYk; ,yq;ifapy;

tpthfuj;J/ gpupe;J thOk; vz;zpf;ifapy; mjpfupg;ig ntspf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

tpjitfspd; tPjhrhuk; (8.7%) jGjhuHfspd; tPjhrhuj;jpYk; (1.3%) ghHf;ff;

Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT mjpfupg;igf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

tiuglk; 22: taJg; gpupT kw;Wk; ghy; tpguj;jpw;fika xU NghJk; tpthfk; nra;ahj rdj;njhifapd;

tPjhrhuk; - 2012

nghJthf rfy taJg;

gpupTfspYk; xU NghJk;

tpthfk; nra;ahj egHfspd;

tPjhrhuk; ngz;fis tpl

Mz;fspilapy; mjpfkhFk;.

15 - 19 ,ilg;gl;l taJg;

gpuptpy; xU NghJk; tpthf

khfhj Mz; rdj;njhifapd;

tPjhrhuk; E}w;Wf;F

98 vd;gJld; mjw;fikthf ngz;fs; rdj;njhifapd; tPjh rhuk; Mz;fspd;

tPjhrhuj;ijtpl 10 myFfshy; FiwthdjhFk;.

20 - 34 ,ilg;gl;l taJg; gpuptpy; xU NghJk; tpthfkhfhj Mz;fspd; rdj;njhif

ngz;fspd; rdj;njhifia tpl kpf caHe;j ngWkjpiaf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

cjhuzkhf 30 - 34 taJr; rdj;njhifg; gpuptpy; xUNghJk; tpthfk; nra;ahj

Mz;fspd; rdj;njhif tPjhrhuk; E}w;Wf;F 20 vd;gJld; ,t;taJg; gpuptpy;

ngz;fspd; rdj;njhif tPjhrhuk; E}w;Wf;F 10 MFk;.

fUtsf; fhy vy;iy Kbtpy; (taJ 45 - 49 Mz;Lfs;) 6 tPjk; kw;Wk; 5 tPjkhd

Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk; KiwNa jpUkzkhfhJ cs;sdH.

tiuglk; 23: taJj; njhFjp kw;Wk; gpupTf;fika xU NghJk; tpthfkhfhj

Mz;fs; rdj;njhifapd; tPjhrhuk; - 2012

xUNghJk; tpthfkhfhj 15 - 19

taJj;njhFjpf;Fs; mlq;Fk;

Mz;fs; rdj;njhifapd;

tPjh rhuj;jpy; mtHfs;

trpf;Fk; gpuptpw;fika (efuk;>

fpuhkk; kw;Wk; ngUe;Njhl;lk;)

Fwpg;gplj;jf;f khw;wq;fs;

ntspf;fhl;lg;gltpy;iy.

vt;thwhapDk; xNu taJg;

gpupTg; (15-19) ngz;fspd;

rjtPjk; khWgLfpwJ. efug; gpuNjrg; ngz;fspd; rjtPjk; caHthfg; gjtpthfpAs;sJ.

Mz; ngz; Mfpa ,U rhuhUf;Ff;fhfTk; rfy taJg; gpupTfspYk; xUNghJk;

tpthfkhfhj rdj;njhifapd; tPjhrhuk; efug; gpuptpDs; caHe;j ngWkjpiaf;

nfhz;bUg;gJld; Fiwe;j ngWkjp ngUe;Njhl;lg; gpuptpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;jg;

Nghf;fpid Fwpg;ghf 20 - 24 taJg; gpupT kw;Wk; 25 - 29 taJg; gpuptpy; ngz;fs;

rdj;njhiff;fpilapy; njspthf fhzf;$bajhfTs;sJ.


2012 Mk; Mz;by; elhj;jg;gl;l Fbrdj; njhifkjpg;Gf;fika Mz;fs; kw;Wk;

ngz;fs; jpUkzkzk; nra;Ak; tajpd; ruhrup ngWkjp KiwNa 27.2 taJ kw;Wk;

23.4 tajhf kjpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

nghJthf 2012 Mk;

Mz;bDs; Mz;fs;

kw;Wk; ngz;fspd;

jpUkz taJr;

ruhrupapd; tpj;jpahrk;

3.8 tUlq;fshFk;.

efuk;> fpuhkk; kw;Wk;

ngUe;Njhl;lk; Mfpa

%d;W gpupTfSs;

Mz;fspd; ruhrupj;

jpUkz tajpd;

caHe;j ngWkjp (28.1

tUlq;fs;) efug;

gpuptpy; gjpthfpAs;sJld; mjpy; Fiwe;j ngWkjp (26.2 tUlq;fs;) ngUe;Njhl;lg;

gpuptpy; gjpthfpAs;sJ.

ngz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz;fspd; ruhrupj; jpUkz taJfSf;fpilapyhd Fiwe;j

tpj;jpahrg; ngWkjp efug; gpuptpy; fhzg;gLtJld; mjpy; $ba tpj;jpahrk; fpuhkpag;

gpuptpy; ntspf;fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

20 - 24 taJg; gpuptpy; xU

NghJk; tpthfkhfhj efug;

ngz;fs; rdj;njhif E}w;Wf;F

68 MFk;. mjw;fikthfg;

ngUe;Njhl;lg; gpuptpy; ,e;j

tPjhrhuk; E}w;Wf;F 47 MFk;.

fUtsf; fhy vy;iy

epiwtpd; gpd;duhd (45 - 49

taJg; gpuptpy;) xU NghJk;

tpthfkhfhj Mz;fs;

kw;Wk; ngz;fs; rdj;njhif

fpuhk kw;Wk; ngUe;Njhl;lg;

gpupTfSld; xg;gpLifapy;

efug; gpuNjrj;jpy; caHe;j

ngWkjpiaf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

88.1

47.5

20.0

9.2

5.9

4.8

4.5

88.7

54.2

22.5

9.4

6.2

5.3

5.1

92.9

68.5

33.3

14.0

8.8

7.7

7.2

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0

15 - 19

20 - 24

25 - 29

30 - 34

35 - 39

40 - 44

45 - 49

tpfpjhrhuk;

taJ vy;iy


tiuglk; 24 : taJj; njhFjp kw;Wk;

gpupTf;fika xU NghJk; tpthfkhfhj

ngz;fs; rdj;njhifapd; tPjhrhuk; - 2012

28.1 27.0 26.2 27.224.8

23.1 22.8 23.4

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

efuk; fpuhkk; ngUe;Njhl;lk; ,yq;if

tUlq;fs;

gpupT

Mz; ngz;

tiuglk; 25 : ghy; kw;Wk; gpupTf;fika jpUkzkhFk; ruhrup taJ - 2012


27.3 27.4 26.5 26.427.7

23.424.4

23.2 22.7 23.4

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0


,e;jpaj;jkpou;

,yq;ifr;NrhdfH

NtW

,dg; gpupTMz; ngz;

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0aho;g;ghzk;

nfhOk;Gfz;b

khj;jiw

tTdpah

fk;g`h

Nffhiy

fhyp

,uj;jpdGup

kd;dhu;

fSj;Jiw

EtnuypahgJiskhj;jis

mk;ge;Njhl;il

FUzhfy;

mk;ghiw

nkhduhfiy

fpspnehr;rp

kl;lf;fsg;G

mEuhjGuk;

nghyd;dWit

Ky;iyj;jPT

Gj;jsk;jpUNfhzkiy

Mz;

ngz;

tiuglk; 26 : ,dj; njhFjp mbg;gilapy; jpUkz tajpd;

ruhrupg; ngWkjp - 2012

2012 Mk; Mz;L njhifkjpg;Gg; ngWNgWfSf;fika ,yq;ifr; Nrhdfupy;

Mz;fs; kw;Wk; ngz;fs; jpUkzk; nra;Ak; ruhrup tajpd; Fiwe;j ngWkjp

ntspf;fhl;lg;gl;bUg;gJld; me;jg; ngWkjp Mz;fSf;fhf 26.4 tajhfTk;

ngz;fSf;fhf 22.7 tajhfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

ngz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz;fspd; jpUkzkhFk; ruhrup tajpy; ghupa tpj;jpahrk; rpq;fsr;

rdj;njhifapy; gjpthfpAs;sJ. mjhtJ fztd; nghJthfj; jkJ kitpia tpl

4 taJ %j;jtuhthH.

tiuglk; 27 : ghy; kw;Wk; khtl;l mbg;gilapy; jpUkzkhFk;

ruhrup taJ - 2012

,yq;ifapy; gpujhd

,dj;njhFjpfSf;fpilapy;

ngz;fspd; jpUkzkhFk;

tajpd; caHe;j ruhrup

,yq;ifj; jkpoH rdj;

njhifapy; (24.4 taJ)

gjpthfpAs;sJld; mjw;

fLj;j caHe;j ngWkjp

(23.4 taJ) rpq;fsr;

rdj;njhifapy; gjpth

fpAs;sJ. Mz;fSf;fhd

jpUkz tajpd; Fiwe;j

ruhrupg; ngWkjpia

,yq;ifr; NrhdfH rdj;

njhif ntspf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ.


2012 Mk; Mz;by; Mz;fspd; jpUkzkhFk; ruhrup tajpd; caHe;j ngWkjp

aho;g;ghzk;> nfhOk;G> fz;b kw;Wk; khj;jiw Mfpa khtl;lq;fspy; gjpthfpAs;sJld;

mjd; Fiwe;j ngWkjp jpUNfhzkiy> Gj;jsk;> Ky;iyj;jPT kw;Wk; nghyd;dWit

khtl;lq;fspy; gjpthfpAs;sJ.

kfspupd; jpUkzkhFk; ruhrup tajpd; caHe;j ngWkjp nfhOk;G> tTdpah kw;Wk;

fk;g`h Mfpa khtl;lq;fspy; gjpthfpAs;sJ. mjd; Fiwe;j ngWkjp nkhzuhfiy

khtl;lj;jpYk; Vida Fiwe;j ngWkjpfs; KiwNa nghydd;Wit> mEuhjGuk;

kw;Wk; Gj;jsk; Mfpa khtl;lq;fspYk; gjpthfpAs;sd.

kfspH kw;Wk; Mltupd; jpUkzkhFk; ruhrup taJf;fpilapy; Fiwe;j tpj;jpahrk;

aho;g;ghz khtl;lj;jpy; ntspf;fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjhtJ fztd; kidtpia tpl

2½ tUlq;fs; %j;jtuhthH. mt;thNw mjpy; caHe;j tpj;jpahrk; nkhzuhfiy

khtl;lj;jpy; gjpthfpAs;sJld; mq;F fztd; kidtpia tpl 5 taJ %j;jtuhthH.

ml;ltiz 1 : ghy; epiyf;fika jpUkzk; nra;Ak;

ruhrup tajpd; khw;wk;> 1971 - 2012

1971 ,y; ,yq;ifapy; ngz;fs; jpUkzk; nra;Ak; taJ nghJthf 23.5 tlq;fshFk;.

ngz;fs; jpUkzk; nra;Ak; ruhrup taJ njhlHr;rpahf mjpfupj;Js;sJ. 1971 ,y;

23.5 tUlq;fshff; fhzg;gl;l jpUkzr; ruhrup taJ 1994 ,y; 24.7 tUlq;fs;

tiu mjpfupj;Js;sJ.

,e;j mjpfupg;Gg; ngz;fs; njhlHgpy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mjpfupg;ghff; fhzg;gl;lhYk;

Mz;fspd; jpUkzkhFk; ruhrup taJ Fiwe;j mstpNyNa mjpfupj;Js;sJ.

mjhtJ 1971 ,y; 28 tajhff; fhzg;gl;lJld; 1994 MFk; NghJ 28.3 tajhfNt

mjpfupj;Js;sJ.

1990 Mk; Mz;bd; eLg;gFjp tiu kf;fs; caHe;j fy;tpj; jifikfisg;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;s vjpHghHj;jy; kw;Wk; mf;fhyg; gFjpapy; caHthff; fhzg;gl;l

caHe;j njhopypd;ik kw;Wk; nghUshjhuf; f~;lq;fs; fhuzkhf jpUkzj;jpw;fhd

Kf;fpa Njitfshd rPjdk;> tPl;L trjpfs; kw;Wk; jpUkzr; rlq;FfSf;fhd

epjpiag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjpy; fhzg;gl;l gpur;rpidfs; Nghd;w tplaq;fs; ,yq;ifapy;

jpUkzq;fs; jhkjkhtJld; njhlHGila fhuzq;fshff; fhzg;gl;ld.

mt;thW fhzg;gl;lhYk; Mapuj;Jj; njhs;sahapuj;Jj; njhz;Z}W (1990) jrhg;jq;fspd;

Year Source Male(years)

Female(years)

Difference(years)

1971 njhifkjpg;G 28.0 23.5 4.51975 cyf fUts mstPL 28.2 25.1 3.11981 njhifkjpg;G 27.9 24.4 3.51987 kf;fspay; Rfhjhu mstPL - 24.8 -1993 kf;fspay; Rfhjhu mstPL - 25.5 -1994 kf;fspay; mstPL 28.3 24.7 3.62000 kf;fspay; Rfhjhu mstPL - 24.6 -2001 njhifkjpg;G 27.6 23.8 3.8

2006-07 kf;fspay; Rfhjhu mstPL - 23.5 -2012 njhifkjpg;G 27.2 23.4 3.8


Kd;gFjp njhlf;fk; ,yq;ifapy; ngz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz;fspd; jpUkzkhFk; ruhrup

taJ xupdj; jd;ik nfhz;ljhf tPo;r;rpaila Muk;gpj;Js;sJld; 2012 MFk;NghJ

mJ Mz;fSf;fhf 27.2 tUlq;fshfTk; ngz;fSf;fhf 23.4 tUlq;fshfTk;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

2006/2007 Mk; Mz;Lfspy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l kf;fspay; kw;Wk; Rfhjhu

mstPl;bw;fika ngz;fs; jpUkzk; nra;Ak; ruhrup taJ 23.5 tUlq;fs; vd;gJld;

mJ 1971 ,y; fhzg;gl;l ngWkjpf;Fr; rkkhFk;.

2012 ,y; elhj;jg;gl;l Fbrd kw;Wk; tPl;L trjpfs; njhifkjpg;gpd; Gjpa juTfs;

%yk; kfspH kw;Wk; MltHfspd; jpUkz taJr; ruhrupapy; NkYk; tpo;r;rpapidf;

fhl;LtJld; mJ ngz;fSf;fhf 23.4 tUlq;fshfTk; Mz;fSf;fhf 27.2

tUlq;fshfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

jw;Nghija E}w;whz;bDs; epyTk; kpfTk; rkepiyahd ghy; tpfpjhrhuk; kw;Wk;

Mz;fs; mjpfstpy; ntspehl;L NtiyfSf;fhfr; nry;yy; fhuzkhf Mz;fspd;

njhopypd;ik tPo;r;rpailjy; jpUkzr; ruhrup taJ Fiwe;j ngWkjpia vLg;gjw;F

gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j gpujhd fhuzpfshff; Fwpg;gpl KbAk;.

NkYk; tplaq;fisj; NjbawpAk; NghJ KjpHr;rpailNthUf;Fr; rkhe;jpukhf Mz;

kw;Wk; ngz; njhopy; tha;g;Gf;fs; mjpfupg;gjd; fhuzkhf ngUe;njhifahd

,isQHfSf;F jkJ jpUkzj;jpw;fhd rPjdk; kw;Wk; Vida nryTfSf;fhd

epjpapid ,stajpNyNa Nrfupj;Jj; nfhs;s KbAkhdjhf ,Uj;jy; kw;Wk;

NtW ehLfSf;F Gyk;ngaHe;J Ntiy nra;Ak; kf;fsplkpUe;J fpilf;Fk; epjp

,e;j jpUkzr; ruhrup taJ Fiwe;j ngWkjpiaf; nfhz;bUg;gw;fhd Kf;fpa

tplaq;fshff; fhl;l KbAk;.

fhyk; fle;j jpUkzq;fshy; Vw;gLk; vjpHtpisTfs; njhlHgpyhd njspTgLj;jy;fs;

mjpfupg;gjd; fhuzkhf Vw;gl;l kdg;ghq;F khw;wq;fs; kw;Wk; fUj;jil nra;Ak;

Nrit epiyaq;fs; murpd; %yk; jilnra;ag;gly; vd;gd ,yq;ifapd; jpUkzkhFk;

ruhrup taJ Fiwtiltjw;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak; fhuzq;fshff; Fwpg;gpl KbAk;.

fUtsk;


8.0

21.7

30.7

20.0

9.0

4.7

2.5 3.

4

7.0

20.6

28.1

20.3

10.0

5.6

3.2 5.

1

5.1

16.8

23.1

27.5

13.7

6.7

3.1 4.

0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7+

tpfpjhrhuk;

vg;NghjhtJ capUld; gpwe;j gps;isfspd; vz;zpf;if


3.54.0

3.7

4.5

3.2

1.92.3 2.4 2.4

2.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0


,e;jpaj; jkpou; ,yq;ifr;NrhdfH

NtW

vg;NghjhtJ capUld; gpwe;j gps;isfspd;

ruhrup vz;zpf;if

,dg; gpupT

ngz;fspd; taJ 50 tUlKk; mjw;F NkYk;

ngz;fspd; taJ 15 - 49 tUlq;fs;

vg;NghjhtJ gpwe;j gps;isfs;

tiuglk; 28: gpupTf;fika vg;NghjhtJ jpUkzk; nra;j ngz;fs; gpurtpj;j

capUld; thOk; Foe;ijfspd; vz;zpf;ifapd; ruhrupg; ngWkjp - 2012

vg;NghjhtJ jpUkz

khd 15 tajpYk;

$ba ngz;fspy;

n gUk ; g hd ; ika h

NdhH mtHfspd;

tho; ehspy; ,uz;L

Foe;ijfisg; gpur

tpj;Js;shHfs; vdg;

gjpthfpAs;s Jld;

jkJ tho; ehspy; VO

Foe;ijfs; my;yJ

mjpYk; mjpfkhfg;

g purtpj ;jtHfspd ;

tPjhrhuk; Fiwthfg; gjpthfpAs;sJ.

2012 Mk; Mz;Lj; njhifkjpg;Gf;fika 15 taJ my;yJ mjpYk; mjpfkhd

vg;NghjhtJ jpUkzk; nra;j ngz;fspy; mz;zsthf E}w;Wf;F 7 tPjkhNdhH mJ

tiuf;Fk; Foe;ijfisg; gputrpf;ftpy;iy vdg; gjpthfpAs;sJ. cupa ,e;j tPjhrhuk; efug; gpuNjrj;jpy; trpf;Fk; ngz;fsplk; caHe;j ngWkjpiaf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

ngUe;Njhl;lg; gpuptpd; ngz;fs; mjpf gpwg;Gf;fis 3 kw;Wk; mjw;F Nkw;gl;l vz;zpf;ifapidg; gpurtpj;Js;shHfs; vdg; gjpthfpAs;sJld; efug; gpuNjrj;jpy; ngUk;ghd;ikahd ngz;fs; 2 tiuahd Foe;ijfisg; gpurtpj;Js;sdH.

vt;thwhapDk; ,e;j KOikahd Nghf;fpid 6 kw;Wk; 7 Foe;ijg; gpwg;Gf;fisf; nfhz;l njhFjpfspy; fhzKbahJs;sJ. mjhtJ ,q;F taJ $ba fpuhkpag;

ngz;fSf;F mNj taijnahj;j efu kw;Wk; ngUe;Njhl;lg; ngz;fspYk; ghHf;f

mjpf vz;zpf;ifahd capHg; gpwg;Gf;fs; epfo;e;Js;sd.

tiuglk; 29: ,dj; njhFjpf;fika vg;NghjhtJ tpthfk; nra;j 50 tajpYk;

$ba kw;Wk; 15 - 49 tajpw;fpilg;gl;l ngz;fSf;F vg;NghjhtJ gpwe;j

capUld; thOk; Foe;ijfspd; ruhrupg; ngWkjp - 2012

,e;j vg;NghjhtJ

jpUkzkhd ngz;

fspy; 50 taJ kw;Wk;

mjpYk; $baJk;

15 - 49 taJ

Mfpa ,U taJj;

njhFj pa pdiuAk ;

xg;gpLkplj;J fle;j

kw;Wk; epfo;fhyf;

fUtsk; mjd; %yk;

ntspg;gLj;jg; gl;bUg;g

Jld; ,dj;njhFjpf;

fika mtw;wpd;


khw;wk; tiuglk; 29 ,y; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

rfy ,dj;njhFjpapYk; 50 tajpw;F Nkw;gl;l ngz;fSf;F vg;NghjhtJ gpwe;j

Foe;ijfspd; vz;zpf;if 15 - 49 tajpw;fpilg;gl;l ngz;fSf;Fg; gpwe;j

Foe;ijfspd; vz;zpf;ifapid tpl tpNrlkhd mjpfupg;gpid ntspf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

Foe;ijfisg; gpurtpf;Fk; tajpy; fhzg;gLk; vg;NghjhtJ jpUkzkhd

ngz;fSf;fpilapy; $ba fUts tPjg; ngWkjpia ntspg;gLj;JtJ ,yq;if

K];yPk; ,dj;njhFjpahFk;. ,tHfpd; ,staJ mjhtJ 15 - 49 ,w;F ,ilg;gl;l

taJg; gpupTf;fhd fUtsk; 2.4 capHg; gpwg;Gf;fs; vd;gJld; KjpNahH taJg; gpupthd

50 tajpYk; mjpfkhd taJg; gpupTf;fhd fUtsk; 4.5 capHg; gpwg;Gf;fshFk;.

NkYk; vg;NghjhtJ jpUkzkhd 50 tajpYk; $ba kw;Wk; 15 - 49 taJf;

fpilg;gl;l rpq;fs ngz;fspd; fUtsk; KiwNa 3.5 kw;Wk; 1.9 capHg;gpwg;Gf;fs;

vdg; gjpthfpAs;sJ.

2012 Mk; Mz;bDs; gps;isfisg; gpurtpf;f $ba taJg; gpuptpDs; (15 -

49) fhzg;gLk; ngz;fSf;Fg; gpwe;j Fiwe;j gps;isfspd; vz;zpf;if rpq;fsg;

ngz;fspilNa gjpthfpAs;sJ.

fUts tPjhrhuk;

tiuglk; 30: gpupTfSf;fika nkhj;jf; fUts tpfpjhrhuk; - 2012

fle;j fhyq;fspy; ,yq;ifapd; fUts kl;lj;jpd; mjpfupg;Gf;F taJg; gpuptpw;fhd

rpwg;Gf; fUts tpjhrhu kl;lq;fspy; Vw;gl;l khw;wk; fhuzkhf mike;Js;sd.

taJg; gpuptpd; rpwg;Gf; fUts tpfpjhrhuj;jpidg; gad;gLj;jpf; fzf;fplg;gl;l

nkhj;jf; fUts tpfpjhrhuk; (TFR) ,yq;ifapy; ngz;fspd; fUtsj;jpidj; jdpf;

Fwpfhl;bahfr; rhuhk;rg; gLj;jpAs;sJ. mjhtJ nkhj;jf; fUts tpfpjhrhuj;jpd;

%yk; fzf;fplg;gLtJ xU ngz;Zf;Ff; Foe;ijfisg; gpurtpg;gjw;F ,aYkhd

KOikahd fhyg; gFjpf;Fs; (15 - 49) mtSf;Fg; gpwf;Fk; Foe;ijfspd; ruhrupg;

ngWkjpahFk;.

2012 Mk; Mz;bd; Fbrd kw;Wk; tPl;L trjpfs; njhifkjpg;gpw;fika 2011 ,w;F

kjpg;gplg;gl;l nkhj;jf; fUts tpfpjhrhuj;jpw;fika xU ngz; gpurtpj;j capHg;

gpwg;Gf;fspd; vz;zpf;if 2.4 MFk;.

2.1

2.5

3.0

2.4

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5


rfy

ngz;fSf;fhd gpwg;Gf;fs;

gpupT


2.2

2.3

2.5

2.1

2.5

3.0

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

efuk;

fpuhkk;

ngUe;Njhl;lk;


gpupT

2011

2005

2.3

2.3

2.9

3.3

2.4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

rpq;fstu;

,yq;ifj;jkpou;

,e;jpaj; jkpou;

,yq;ifr;NrhdfH

NtW


,dg; gpupT

caHe;j nkhj;jf; fUts tpfpjhrhuk; ngUe;Njhl;lg; gpuptpy; (3.0) gjpthfpAs;sJld;

Fiwe;j ngWkjp efug; gpuptpy; (2.1) gjpthfpAs;sJ.

efug; gpuptpy; kl;Lk; fUts tpfpjhrhuk; kPsikg;Gr; nra;a Ntz;ba kl;lj;jpy;

(Replacement Level) fhzg;gLtJld; Vida gpupTfspy; fhzg;gLk; ngz;fspd;

nkhj;jf; fUts tpfpjhrhuk; caHe;j ngWkjpiag; ngw;wpUf;fpd;wJ.

tiuglk; 31 : gpupTf;fika fUts tpfpjhrhuj;jpd; khw;wk; 2005> 2011

2005 - 2011 Mk;

Mz;L tiu fUts

tpfpjhrhuj;jpy; Vw; gl;l

khw;wj;ijg; gpupTf;

fikag; gFg;gha;T

nra;jhy; caHe;j

mjpfupg;G ngUe;Njhl;lg;

gpuptpy; ntspf;fhl;lg;

gl;bUf;fpd;wJ.

2005 Mk; Mz;L

njhlf;fk; 2011 tiuahd

fhyg;gFjpf;Fs; fpuhkg;

gpuptpy; ngz;fspd;

nkhj;j fUts tPjh

rhuk; 2.3 ,ypUe;J

2.5 tiu mjpfupg;igf;

fhl;bdhYk; mJ ngUe;Njhl;lg; gpuptpy; ngz;fspd; fUts tPfpjhrhuj;jpd;

mjpfupg;igg; Nghd;W ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sj;jf;f ngWkjpay;y.

NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l fhyg; gFjpf;Fs; efug; gpupTg; ngz;fspd; fUts tpfpjhrhuk;

2.2 ,ypUe;J 2.1 tiuahd rpwpa mjpfupg;igf; fhzf; $bajhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

vt;thwhapDk; ,e;j tPo;r;rpg; Nghf;F Njrpa kl;lj;jpyhd nkhj;j fUts

tpfpjhrhuj;jpid kPs;epiyf;Ff; nfhz;LtUjw;fhd Nghf;F gyKilajhf ,y;iy.

tiuglk; 32 : ,dj;njhFjpf;fika nkhj;jf; fUts tpfpjhrhuk; - 2011

2011 ,y; ,yq;ifapd;

gy;NtW ,dj;njhFjp

fSf;fpilapy;,yq;if

K];yPk; ,dj;

njhFjpapdH nkhj;jf;

fUtsj;jpy; caHe;j

tpfpjhrhuj;jpidg; gjpT

nra;Js;sdH.

2011 Mk; Mz;by;

,yq;ifapy; rpq;fstH

kw;Wk; ,yq;ifj;

jkpoH Mfpa ,dj;

njhFjpapdH Fiwe;j


1.9

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.3

1.9

2.7

2.7

2.5

2.2

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

ghlrhiyr;nry;ytpy;iy

Muk;g epiy

,uz;lhk; epiy

fh.nghj. (rh.j.)my;yJ mjw;Fr;

rkkkhd

cau;


fy;tpj; juk;

2011 2005

nkhj;j fUts tpfpjhrhuj;ijg; (2.3 capHg; gpwg;Gf;fs;) gjpT nra;Js;sJld;

mJ nghJthf ,yq;if K];yPk;fspd; ngWkjpia tpl xU capHg; gpwg;gpdhy;

FiwthFk;.

,e;jpaj; jkpoH ,dj; njhFjpapd; nkhj;jf; fUts tpfpjhrhuk; (2.9 capHg;

gpwg;Gf;fs;) ,yq;if K];yPk;fspd; fUts tpfpjhrhug; ngWkjpAld; xg;gpLkplj;J

kl;LNk ,uz;lhk; ,lj;jpidg; ngWfpd;wJ.

2011 Mk; Mz;by; Vida ,dj;njhFjpapduhd gwq;fpaH kyhaH kw;Wk; ,yq;ifr;

nrl;b MfpNahupd; nkhj;jf; fUts tpfpjhrhuk; 2.4 capHg;gpwg;Gf;fshfg;

gjpthfpAs;sd.

tiuglk; 33: ngz;fspd; fy;tp kl;lj;jw;fika nkhj;jf; fUts

tpfpjhrhuk; khw;wkiljy; - 2005> 2011

2011 Mk; Mz;by;

NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l

5 fy;tp kl;lq;fspy;

caHe;j nkhj; jf;

fUts tpfpjh

rhuj;ij Muk;g

my;yJ ,ilepiyf;

fy;tp kl;lj;ijg;

G+uzg;gLj;jpa ngz; fs;

gjpT nra;Js;sJld;

Fiwe;j fUts tpfp

jhrhuj;ij ghlrhiyf;

fy;tpiag; ngw;wpuhj

ngz;fs; gjpT nra;

Js;sdH.

2005 Mk; Mz;by; caHe;j fUts kl;lkhd 2.8 capHg;gpwg;Gf;fs; Muk;gf; fy;tp

kl;lj;ijg; G+Hj;jp nra;j ngz;fsplk; gjpthfpAs;sJld; mJ kPsikg;Gr; nra;a

Ntz;ba kl;lj;jpid tpl tpUk;gj;jf;f cahe;j ngWkjpiaf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

2005 Mk; Mz;L kw;Wk; 2011 Mk; Mz;L fhyg; gFjpf;Fs; ,ilepiyf; fy;tp

kl;lj;ijg; G+Hj;jp nra;j ngz;fspd; nkhj;j fUts tpfpjhrhuk; 2.6 ,ypUe;J 2.7

tiu mjpfupj;Js;sJ.

,e;j ,U fhyg; gFjpf;Fs;Sk; fy;tp kl;lj;jpw;fika nkhj;jf; fUts tpfpjhrhuj;ij

xg;gpLkplj;J ghlrhiyf; fy;tpiag; ngw;wpuhj ngz;fspd; fUts tpfpjhrhuk;

kPsikg;Gr; nra;a Ntz;ba kl;lj;jpYk; ghHf;f kpff; Fiwe;j ngWkjpiaf;

nfhz;bUj;jy; tpNrl mk;rkhFk;.


0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50jpUNfhzkiy

EtnuypamEuhjGuk;

mk;ghiw

nkhduhfiy

mk;ge;Njhl;il

nghyd;dWit

fpspnehr;rp

khj;jis

kd;dhu;

Gj;jSk;

gJisKy;iyj;jPTkl;lf;fsg;G

tTdpah

Nffhiy

fz;b

khj;jiw

FUzhfy;

,uj;jpdGup

fhyp

fSj;Jiw

fk;g`h

aho;g;ghzk;nfhOk;G

nkh.fU.tPj.

tiuglk; 34 : khtl;l mbg;gilapy; nkhj;jf; fUts tpfpjhrhuk; - 2011

2011 Mk; Mz;by;

,yq;ifapd; 25 epUthf

khtl;lq;fspy; caHe;j

nkhj;jf; fUts

tpfpjhrhuj;ijj; jpU

Nfhzkiy khtl;lk;

gjpT nra;Js;sJ.

Mz;fspf; ruhrupj;

jpUkz tajpd;

Fiwe;j ngWkjp

me;j khtl;lj;jpNyNa

gjpthfpAs;siik kw;

Wk; me;j khtl;lj;jpy;

ngz;fs; jpUkzk;

nra;Ak; ruhrup taJ

KO ehl;bd; ruhrup jpUkz taJg; ngWkjpia tpl Fiwthff; fhzg;gLjy;

,jw;Fupa Kf;fpa fhuzpfshff; Fwpg;gpl KbAk;.

nghJthf Etnuypah> mEuhjGuk;> mk;ghiw kw;Wk; nkhzuhfiy Nghd;w

xg;gPl;stpy; Fiwe;j mgptpUj;jpiaf; nfhz;l khtl;lq;fspy; nkhj;jf; fUts

tpfpjhrhug; ngWkjp Vida khtl;lq;fSld; xg;gpLkplj;J caHe;j ngWkjpiaf;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

vjpHghHj;jijg; Nghd;Nw Fiwe;j nkhj;jf; fUts tpfpjhrhuk; nfhOk;G

khtl;lj;jpy; gjpthfpAs;sJ.

nghJthfg; nghUshjhu uPjpapy; Kd;Ndw;wk; fz;Ls;s nfhOk;G> aho;g;ghzk;>

fk;g`h kw;Wk; fSj;Jiw khtl;lq;fspd; nkhj;jf; fUts tpfpjhrhug; ngWkjp

kPsikg;G kl;lj;jpid (2.1) tpl Fiwe;j ngWkjpapy; gjpthfpAs;sJ. vQ;rpa

khtl;lq;fspy; ,e;j tpfpjhrhuk; kPsikg;G kl;lk; my;yJ mjpYk; caHe;j

ngWkjpisf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.


tiuglk; 35: taJr; rpwg;Gf; fUts tpfpjhrhug; gpwg;Gf;fs; (ASFRs)

tajbg;gilapyhd fUtsj;jpd; Nghf;fhdJ Foe;ijfisg; gpurtpf;f Muk;gpf;Fk;

taJ> Foe;ij gpwg;gJ epWj;jg;gLk; taJ> Foe;ij gpwf;Fk; ,ilntsp ngz;fs;

kw;Wk; fhyj;jpw;Nfw;g Foe;ij gpwg;Gf;fspd; khw;wq;fs; njhlHgpyhd fUj;Jf;fis

ntspg;gLj;Jk;.

1993 kw;Wk; 2000 Mz;L fhyg; gFjpf;Fs; taJr; rpwg;Gf; fUtsg; ngWkjpfs;

Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT tPo;r;rpaile;Js;sd. me;jf; fhyg;gFjpf;Fs; tajile;j

ngz;fisg; Nghd;W ,sk; taJg; ngz;fspdJk; fUts tPjk; fzprkhd mstpdhy;

tPo;rpraile;Js;sJ.

Gjpa Ehw;whz;bd; Muk;gj;Jld; 45 - 49 taJg; gpupitj; jtpu Vida taJg;

gpupTfspdJk; fUtsj;jpd; Nghf;F vjpHghHf;fj mstpw;F mjpfupg;gpid

ntspg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. 2006 - 2007 Mk; Mz;Lfspy; elhj;jg;gl;l kf;fspay; kw;Wk;

Rfhjhu mstPl;by; 25 – 29 taJg; gpuptpdJ taJr; rpwg;G fUts tpfpjhrhug; ngWkjp 1993 Mk; Mz;bd; kf;fspay; kw;Wk; Rfhjhu mstPl;bd; fUts tpfpjhrhug;

ngWkjpapid tpl caHe;jjhFk;.

,yq;ifapd; fUtsk;mjpfupj;jpUe;jhYk; caHe;j fUts tpfpjhrhuj;ij

ntspg;gLj;Jk; taJg; gpuptpy; vt;tpj khw;wKk; Vw;gltpy;iy vd;gJld; fUtsj;jpd;

taJg; Nghf;Fk; khw;wkpd;wp fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

2000 kw;Wk; 2006 - 2007 Mz;Lf; fhyg; gFjpf;Fs; Gjpa ,s taJg; ngz;fspd;

mjhtJ 15 - 19 taJg; gpuptpd; fUts tpfpjhrhuk; E}w;Wf;F 3.7 ,dhy;

mjpfupj;jpUe;jhYk; Gjpa njhifkjpg;Gj; juTfspd; %yk; 2006 - 2007 kw;Wk;

2012 Mk; Mz;L fhyg;gFjpf;Fs; Gjpa ,s taJg; ngz;fspd; fUts tPjkhdJ

Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mjpfupg;ig ntspf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ mJ 12 rjtPjk;.

mt;thW ,Ug;gpDk; mgptpUj;jp mile;J tUk; mjpfkhd ehLfspy; ,staJg;

ngz;fspd; fUtsk; Fiwtile;J nry;Yk; Nghf;fpid ntspf;fhl;b ,Ug;gpDk;

,yq;ifapy; mjw;nfjpuhd Nghf;F ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49

1000 ngz;fSf;fhd

gpwg;G

taJ vy;iy1993kRm 2000 kRm 2006-07 kRm 2012 njhifkjpg;G


tiuglk; 36: nkhj;jf; fUts tpfpjhrhuk; 1981 - 2011

1960 Mk; Mz;Lj; jrhg;jk; njhlf;fk; fUts tpfpjhrhuk; tPo;r;rpaila

Mug;gpj;jJld; 1981 ,y; mJ ngz;fs; gpurtpf;Fk; Foe;ijfspd; vz;zpf;if 3.4

tiu tPo;r;rpaile;jJ.

vt;thwhapDk; 1994 Mk; Mz;lhFk; NghJ ,yq;if kPsikg;Gg; fUts tpfpjhrhuj;jpd;

jPHkhdkpf;f fl;lj;jpid mile;jJ. (2.1 capHg; gpwg;Gf;fs;)

fle;j Ehw;whz;L Kbtiltjw;F Kd;dH njw;fhrpa tya ehLfspy; kPsspg;Gf;

fUts tpfpjhrhu kl;lj;jpid mile;Js;s xNu ehL ,yq;if MFk;.

1998 Mk; Mz;by; ,yq;ifapd; nkhj;jf; fUts tpfpjhrhuk; 1.9 tiu

tPo;r;rpaile;jjd; gpd;dH 2005 kw;Wk; 2011 mk; Mz;Lfspy; mJ KiwNa 2.3

capHg; gpwg;Gf;fspUe;J 2.4 capHg;gpwg;Gf;fs; vd;wthW mjpfupj;Js;sJ.

gy;NtW fhuzq;fshy; ,yq;ifapy; Gjpa kf;fspay; Nghf;Fj; Njhw;wk;

ngw;Ws;sJld; mjpfupj;Js;s fUts tpfpjhrhuk; tpUk;gj;jf;fnjhd;whf kPsspg;G

kl;lj;jid tpl caHthf mike;Js;sJ. Mdhy; ,e;j mjpfupg;G ePz;l fhyj;jpw;F

epiyj;jpUf;Fkh? ,y;iyah? my;yJ kPsspg;G kl;lk; tiu kPz;Lk; tPo;r;rpaile;J

nry;yf; $bajh? vd;gijg; NkYk; ftdkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

1991 Mk; Mz;by; murhq;fj;jpdhy; ntspaplg;gl;l rdj;njhiff; nfhs;if

ntspaPl;bw;fika Kjd; Kiwahf 2000 Mk; Mz;lhFk; NghJ nkhj;jf; fUts

tpfpjhrhuj;ij 2.1 capHg; gpwg;Gf;fs; vd;wthW NgZtjw;fhd Fwpf;Nfhis cr;r

epiyapy; itj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;F msT uPjpahd ,yf;Ffs; tFf;fg;gl;ld.

mt;thNw cupa rdj;njhif kw;Wk; ,dg;ngUf;fr; Rjhjhuf; nfhs;iffspd;

mgptpUj;jpahdJ ,yq;ifr; rdj;njhifapd; ey;tho;Tf;fhd ghJfhg;gpid

Vw;gLj;jpAs;sijf; fhzf;$bajhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

3.4

2.3

1.9

2.32.4

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

1981 1991 1998 2005 2011

ngz;fSf;fhd gpwg;G

Mz;L

vOj;jwpT


nkhopawpT

,yq;ifapd; nkhj;j vOj;jwpT tPjhrhuk; E}w;Wf;F 95.7 MFk;. caHe;j vOj;jwpT

tPjhrhuk; fk;g`h khtl;lj;jpy; gjpthfpAs;sJld; Fiwe;j vOj;jwpT tPjk;

kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lj;jpy; gjpthfpAs;sJ.

tiuglk; 37: ghy; kw;Wk; khtl;l mbg;gilapy; vOj;jwpT tPjhrhuk; - 2012

tiuglk; 38: gpupT kw;Wk; ghy; mbg;gilapy; vOj;jwpT tPjhrhuk; - 2012

efug; gpuNjr (97.7%) kw;Wk; fpuhkg; gpuNjr (95.7%) vOj;jwpT tPjhrhuj;Jld;

xg;gpLkplj;J ngUe;Njhl;lg; gpuptpd; vOj;jwpT rPjk; (86.1%) Fiwe;j kl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

Mz;fs; (96.9%) ngz;fis tpl (94.6%) $ba vOjj;wptpidf; nfhz;Ls;sdH.

ngUe;Njhl;lg; gpuptpy; ngz;fspd; vOj;jwpT tPjk; E}w;Wf;F 80.9 Mfg; gjpthfpAs;sJ.

95.7

97.7

95.7

86.1

96.9

94.6

80

85

90

95

100

efuk; fpuhkk; ngUe;Njhl;lk; Mz; ngz;

,yq;if gpupT ghy;

85.0

90.0

95.0

100.0,yq;if

nfhOk;Gfk;g`h

fSj;Jiw

fz;b

khj;jis

Etnuypah

fhyp

khj;jiw

mk;ge;Njhl;il

aho;g;ghzk;

kd;dhu;tTdpah

Ky;iyj;jPTfpspnehr;rp

kl;lf;fsg;G

mk;ghiw

jpUNfhzkiy

FUzhfy;

Gj;jsk;

mEuhjGuk;

nghyd;dWit

gJis

nkhduhfiy

,uj;jpdGupNffhiy

,yq;if Mz; ngz;


tiuglk; 39: ghy; kw;Wk; taJg; gpupT mbg;gilapy; nkhopawpT - 2012

gad;gLj;Jk; Mw;wy;

10 taJ my;yJ mjpYk;

Nkw;gl;l rdj;njhifapy;

E}w;Wf;F 24.2 tPjkhNahUf;F

fzpdpiag; gad;gLj;Jk;

Mw;wy; cs;sJ. efuk; fpuhkk;

kw;Wk; ngUe;Njhl;lk; Mfpa

%d;W gpupTfspYk; KiwNa

E}w;Wf;F 36.8> 22.1 kw;Wk; 8.8

tPjkhNdhUf;F fzpdpiag;

gad;gLj;Jk; Mw;wy; cs;sJ.

10 taJ my;yJ mjpYk;

Nkw;gl;l Mz;fspy; E}w;Wf;F

26.5 tPjkhNdhUf;F fzpdpiag;

gad;gLj;Jk; Mw;wYs;sJ.

ngz;fSf;fhd ,e;jg; ngWkjp

E}w;Wf;F 22.1 MFk;.

fzpdpiag; gad;gLj;Jk;

Mw;wy; 15 - 19 tajpw;fpilg;gl;l

,isQH Atjpfsplk; caHe;j

kl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gLtJld;

,uz;lhk; ,lj;jpid 10-14

tajpw;fpilg;gl;l rpWtHfsplj;jpy;

gjpthfpAs;sJ.

80 78 80 82 79

26

4133

2722

31 3544

38

25

0

25

50

75

100

,yq;if 10 - 14 15-24 25 - 29 30

tpfpjhrhuk;

rpq;fsk; jkpo; Mq;fpyk;

+

43.7 tPjkhFk;.

10 - 14 tajpw;fpilg;gl;l taJg; gpupTf;Fupa rpWtHfsplj;jpy; jkpowpT (35%) caHe;j ngWkjpiaf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

fzpdp mwpT

tiuglk; 40: taJg; gpupT kw;Wk; khtl;l mbg;gilapy; fzpdpiag;

,yq;ifaupy; E}w;Wf;F 80

vd;w caHe;j tPjhrhuk;

rpq;fs nkhopawpitf;

nfhz;bUg;gJld; Mq;fpy

nkhopawpT tPjk; (31%) MfTk; jkpo; nkhopawpT

tPjk; (26%) MfTk;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

15 - 24 taJg; gpuptpy;

,isQH Atjpfsplk;

Mq;fpy nkhopawpT

caHe;j kl;lj;jpy; fhzg;

gLtJld; mJ E}w;Wf;F


nfhOk;G> fk;g`h kw;Wk; fz;b jtpHe;j vida khtl;lq;fSs; mjpfkhd

khtl;lq;fspy; 30 taJ kw;Wk; mjpYk; mjpfkhd rdj;njhifapduplk; fzpdpiag;

gad;gLj;Jk; Mw;wy; kpfTk; Fiwe;j kl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

tiuglk; 41: ,izaj; jsj;jp;w;Fs; gpuNtrpj;jy; khtl;l mbg;gilapy; - 2012

,yq;ifapy; E}w;Wf;F 10.9% Md tPl;Lf; $WfSf;F tPl;bypUe;Nj ,izaj;jsj;jpDs;

Eiotjw;fhd trjpfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mJ efug; gpuNjr tPl;Lf;

$WfSf;fpilapy; caHe;j

(E}w;Wf;F 23.4) ngWkjpiaf;

nfhz;Ls;sJ.

ngUe;Njhl;lg; gpuptpd;

tPl;Lf; $Wfs; E}

w;Wf;F 7.7 tPjkhNdhH

gpujhdkhfj; njhlHghly;

kj;jpa epiyaj;jpd; %yk;

,izaj; jsj;jpw;Fs;

gpuNtrpf;fpd;wd.

murhq;fj;jpdhy; ,izaj;

jsj;jpDs; gpuNtrpg;gij

mjpfupg;gij Nehf;fhff;

nfhz;L nraw;gLj;jg;gLk;

“mwptfk;” kj;jpa

epiyaq;fspd; %ykhf

,izaj; jsj;jpw;Fs;

gpuNtrpj;jy; Vida ,uz;L

gpupTfSld; xg;gpLkplj;J

efug; gpuNjrj;jpy; caHe;j

kl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

t P l ; b y p U e ; j t h N w

,iza trjpfisg;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; tPl;Lf;

$Wfspd; tPjhrhuk; (25.6%) nfhOk;G khtl;lj;jpy;

caHe;j kl;lj;jpy;

gjpthfpAs;sJld; fk;g`h khtl;lj;jpy; (16.1 tPjk;)> fz;b khtl;lj;jpy (13.1

tPjk;)> aho;g;ghzk; khtl;lj;jpy (12.5 tPjk;) kw;Wk; fSj;Jiw khtl;lj;jpy (11.3

tPjk;) vd;wthW gjpthfpAs;sd.

tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;F khfhzq;fspy; ngUk;ghz;ikahd Fbj;jdq;fs; njhlHghly;

kj;jpa epiyaq;fspd; thapyhf ,izaj; jsj;jpw;Fs; gpuNtrpf;fpd;wdH.


fy;tp

Kd;gs;sp nry;Yk; gps;isfs;

,yq;ifapy; nghJthfg; gps;isfs; Kd;gs;sp fy;tpiag; ngWtJ 3 taJ

G+Hj;jpaile;j gpd;duhFk;. %d;W taJg; gps;isfspy; mz;zsthf E}w;Wf;F 45

tPjk; Kd;gs;sp nry;tjhj; njhifkjpg;Gj; jfty;fs; ntspf;fhl;bAs;sd.

,yq;ifapy; 4 taJg; gps;isfspy; E}w;Wf;F 85 tPjj;jpYk; mjpfkhNdhH

Kd;gs;spf;Fr; nry;fpd;wdH. vt;thwhapDk; Vida ,uz;L gpupTfSld; xg;gpLifapy;

ngUe;Njhl;lg; gpuptpy; ,e;jg; ngWkjp E}w;Wf;F 77 ,Yk; Fiwe;j tPjhrhug;

ngWkjpia ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

tiuglk; 42 : taJj; njhFjp kw;Wk; gpupT mbg;gilapy;

Kd;gs;sp nry;Yk; tPjhrhuk; - 2012

ghlrhiynry;Yk; gps;isfs;

6 - 10 taJ kw;Wk; 11 - 14 taJj; njhFjpr; rpWtHfspd; ngUk;ghz;ikahNdhH

ghlrhiy nry;fpd;wdH. vdpDk; ,jpy; Fiwe;j tPjhrhuk; ngUe;Njhl;lg; gpupT

gps;isfsplk; gjpthfpAs;sJ. 5 - 14 taJ rpWtHfSf;F ghlrhiyf; fy;tp

murhq;fj;jpd; %yk; fl;lhakhf;fg;gl;bUe;jhYk; ngUe;Njhl;lg; gpuptpy; ghlrhiy

nry;Yk; tPjhrhuj;ij mjpfupg;gjpy; NkYk; ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;baJ kpf

mtrpakhFk;.

,yq;ifapy; 5 tajpy; ghlrhiy nry;Yk; gps;isfspd; tpjhrhuk; E}w;Wf;F 75

MFk;. mjw;F Nkyjpfkhf KiwNa 6 - 10 taJ kw;Wk; 11 - 14 taJr;

rpWtHfspy; KiwNa E}w;Wf;F 96 kw;Wk; E}w;Wf;F 94 tpjkhNdhH ghlrhiy

nry;fpd;wdH.

15 - 16 taJ kw;Wk; 17 - 18 taJj; njhFjpf;fhd ghlrhiy nry;Yk; tpjhrhuk;

E}w;Wf;F 80 ,Yk; Fiwthfg; gjpthfpAs;sJ. ngUe;Njhl;lg; gpuptpy; ghlrhiy

nry;Yk; tPjhrhuk; Vida gpupTfis tpl gpd;dhy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. 15 - 16 taJ

44.9

56.7

42.7

40.5

86.6 88.9

86.7

77.0

20.5

21.9

20.0 23

.1

0.9

1.1

0.8 1.5

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

,yq;if efuk; fpuhkk; ngUe;Njhl;lk;

3taJ 4taJ 5taJ 6taJ


kw;Wk; 17 - 18 taJg; gpupTfspy; ghlrhiy nry;Yk; tPjhrhuk; tPo;r;rpaile;J

fhzg;gLfpd;wikahy; me;j taJg; gpupTfspd; Nky; tpNrl ftdk; nrYj;j

Ntz;Lk;.

15 - 16 taJg; gpuptpy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f tPo;r;rpapid Etnuypah> Gj;jsk; kw;Wk;

kl;lf;fsg;G Mfpa khtl;lq;fspy; fhzKbAnkd ngWNgWfs; thapyhf NkYk;

ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ghlrhiy nry;tjpy; khtl;l kl;lj;jpyhd NtWghl;bid

gpd;tUk; tiuG ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

tiuglk; 43 : taJj; njhFjp kw;Wk; khtl;l mbgg;ilapy; ghlrhiy nry;Yk;

tpjhrhuk; - 2012

25 taJ kw;wk; mjpYk; $ba rdj;njhifapd; fy;tpj; jifikfs;

juk; 1 - 5 rpj;jp> juk; 6 -10 rpj;jp> f.ngh.j. (rh.j) my;yJ mjw;Fr; rkkhd

guPl;irapy; rpj;jp> f.ngh.j. (c.j) my;yJ mjw;Fr; rkkhd guPl;irapy; rpj;jp>

kw;Wk; gl;lk; my;yJ mjpYk; $ba rpj;jp ngw;wtHfspd; tPjhrhuk; KiwNa

18.4> 39.6> 19.1> 14.3 kw;Wk; 3.9 vd;wthwhFk;. rdj;njhifapy; ngUk;ghyhNdhH

,ilepiy kl;lk; tiu fy;tpiag; G+uzg;gLj;jpAs;sikia ,e;jg; Gs;sptpguk;

ntspf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

25 my;yJ mjpYk; Nkw;gl;l taJr; rdj;njhifapd; fy;tpj; jifikapidf;

ftdj;jpy; nfhs;Sk; NghJ E}w;Wf;F 4.7 tpjk; ghlrhiyf; fy;tpiag; ngwtpy;iy

vd;gJ njupa te;Js;sJ. ,e;j tPjhrhuk; ngz;fSf;fhf E}w;Wf;F 6.1 Mff;

fhzg;gLtJld; Mz;fSf;fhf Ehw;Wf;F 3.0 vdg; gjpthfpAs;sJ.

0

20

40

60

80

100,yq;if

efuk;fpuhkk;

ngUe;N…

nfhOk;G

fk;g`h

fSj;Jiw

fz;b

khj;jis

Etnuypah

fhyp

khj;jiw

mk;ge;N…aho;g;gh…

kd;dhu;tTdpahKy;iy…

fpspnehr;rp

kl;lf;f…

mk;ghiw

jpUNfh…

FUzhfy;

Gj;jsk;

mEuhj…

nghyd;…

gJis

nkhduh…,uj;jpdGup

Nffhiy

6-10 Mz;Lfs; 11-14 Mz;Lfs; 15-16 Mz;Lfs;

17-18 Mz;Lfs; 19-20 Mz;Lfs;


tiuglk; 44 : ghy; mbg;gilapy; 25 kw;Wk; mjw;F Nkw;gl;l

rdj;njhifapd; fy;tp kl;lk; - 2012

tiuglk; 45 : khtl;l mbg;gilapy; 25 kw;Wk; mjw;F Nkw;gl;l

rdj;njhifapd; fy;tp kl;lk; - 2012

4.7

18.4

39.6

19.118.2

3.0

18.6

42.1

19.3

17.1

6.1

18.2

37.5

18.9 19.3

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

ghlrhiynry;ytpy;iy

juk; 1 - 5 rpj;jp juk; 6 -10 rpj;jp f.ngh.j.(rh.j.)my;yJ rkdhd

f.ngh.j.(c.j.)kw;Wk; Nky;

,UghyhUk; Mz; ngz;

rjtPjk;

khtl;l mbg;gilapy;; ft

dj;jpy; nfhs;Sk; NghJ rfy

khtl;lq;fspYk; 25 kw;Wk;

mjw;F Nkw;gl;l rdj;njhifapy;

ngUk;ghyhNdhupd; fy;tp

kl;lk; juk; 6 - 10 tiuahd

rpj;jpahFk;.

ehl;bd; Vida khtl;

lq;fSld; xg;gpLifapy;

nfhOk;G> fk;g`h> fSj;Jiw

kw;Wk; aho;g;ghzk; Mfpa

khtl;lq;fspy; f.ngh.j

(rh.j) kw;Wk; mjw;F Nky;

rpj;jpaile;j rdj;njhifapd;

caHe;j tPjhrhuj;ijf;

fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ.

rfy khtl;lq;fspYk;

ghlrhiyf; fy;tpia

vt; tpjj;jpYk; ngw;wpuhj

rpwpa tpjhrhuj;ijf;

fhzf;$b ajhfTs;sJ.

mt;tPjhrhuk; kl;lf;fsg;G

(10.9) kw;Wk; Etnuypah

(10.2) Mfpa khtl;lq;fspy;

caHe;j ngWkjpiaf;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

,lk;ngaHT


,lg;;ngaHT

cs;ehl;L ,lk;ngaHT

,e;j cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHTg; gFg;gha;tpw;fhf 2012 njhifkjpg;gpNy xt;nthU

egHfSk; jw;NghJ trpf;Fk; khfhzk;> khtl;lk; kw;Wk; mtHfs; Kd;dH trpj;j

khfhzk;> khtl;lk; njhlHghfr; Nrfupf;fg;gl;l jfty;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.

,yq;ifapy; gy jrhg;jq;fshf khtl;lq;fSf;fpilapy; fhzg;gl;l rkkw;w

rdj;njhifg; guk;gypy; cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT Fwpg;gplj;jf;f jhf;fj;ij

Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ.

,lg;ngaHtpd; jpir> tbtk;> msT kw;Wk; Jiwfs; njhlHgpy; rKf> nghUshjhu

kw;Wk; murpay; fhuzpfs; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jfpd;wd.

2012 ,y; elhj;jg;gl;l Fbrd kw;Wk; tPl;L trjpfs; njhifkjpg;gpw;fika 2.7

kpy;ypad;fs; rdj;njhif (mjhtJ nkhj;j rdj;njhifapy; E}w;Wf;F 13.4 tPjk;)

khfhzq;fSf;fpilapyhd ,lk;ngaHe;Js;shHfs; vdg; gjpthfpAs;sJ.

mt;thNw 4.0 kpy;ypad;fs; mstpy; (nkhj;j rdj;njhifapd; 20% tPjk;)

mt;thwpy;yhtpl;lhy; xt;nthU Ie;J NgUf;Fk; xUtH jkJ trpg;gpl khtl;lj;ij

Fiwe;jJ xU KiwahtJ khw;wpf;nfhz;Ls;sdH.

cs;ehl;L ,lg;;ngaHTg; Nghf;F %d;W tifg;gLk;. mjhtJ> cs;Nehf;fpa-,lg;ngaHT>

ntspNehf;fpa-,lg;ngaHT kw;Wk; Njwpa ,lg;ngaHTg; Nghf;F Mfpatw;Wld; mJ

njhlHgpy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpAs;s fhuzpfs; gw;wpAk; ,jd; %yk; tpsf;fkspf;fg;

gl;Ls;sJ.

,yq;ifapy; khfhz uPjpapyhd cs;Nehf;fpa-,lg;ngaHTr; rdj;njhif

tiuglk; 46: khfhz uPjpapyhd cs;Nehf;fpa-,lk;ngaHe;Njhupd;

rjtPjg; guk;gy; 2012

khfhzq;fSs; kpfr;rpwpa epyg;gug;gpidf; nfhz;l Nky;khfhzj;jpNyNa

mjpfstpyhd cs;Nehf;fpa ,lg;ngnaHT Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.

khfhzq;fSf;fpilapyhd nkhj;j ,lg;ngaHtpy; Nky; khfhzj;jpw;F vida

khtl;lq;fspypUe;J ,lk;ngw;Ws;s cs;Nehf;fpa ,lg;naHT E}w;Wf;F 40

tPjksthFk;.

39.8

9.8

6.3

2.6

5.6

10.9

10.8

5.8

8.3

0 10 20 30 40 50

Nkw;F

kj;jpa

njw;F

tlf;F

fpof;F

tl Nky;

tl kj;jpa

Cth

rg;ufKth

tpfpjhrhuk;

khfhzk;


2012 Mz;by; mjpf cs;Nehf;fpa ,lg;ngaHT ,lk;ngw;w ,uz;lhk;> %d;whk;

khfhzq;fshf KiwNa tlNky; khfhzk; kw;Wk; tlkj;jpa khfhzj;jpid

milahsq;fhz KbAk;. me;j xt;nthU khfhzj;jpYk; Vw;gl;Ls;s cs;Nehf;fpa

,lg;ngaHT tPjhrhuk; KiwNa E}w;Wf;F 10.9 kw;Wk; 10.8 MFk;.

khtl;l uPjpahd cs;Nehf;fpa-,lg;ngaHtpd; tbtq;fs;

tiuglk; 47: khtl;l uPjpahd cs;Nehf;fpa-,lg;ngaHtpd; tbtq;fs; 1981> 2012

,yq;ifapYs;s khtl;lq;fSs; mjpfsthd ,lg;ngaHthsHfs; nfhOk;G

khtl;lj;jpw;F tUif je;Js;sdH. 2012 ,y; nfhOk;G khtl;lj;jpy; 641>922 ,lk;ngaHe;j rj;njhif gjpthfpAs;sJld; mJ ,yq;ifapd; nkhj;j ,lg;ngaHTr; rdj;njhifapy; E}w;Wf;F 16.2 tPjk; MFk;.

,lk;ngaHe;j rdj;njhif mjpfkhff; fhzg;gLk; ,uz;lhtJ khtl;lkhf fk;g`h fhzg;gLtJld; fk;g`h khtl;lj;jpw;F ,lk;ngaHe;j rdj;njhifapd; vz;zpf;if 613>070 MFk;.

fSj;Jiw> fz;b kw;Wk; FUzhfy; khtl;lq;fisf; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;Sk; NghJ xt;nthU khtl;lj;ijAk; Nehf;fp ,lk;ngaHe;j rdj;njhifapd; vz;zpf;if 200>000 ,w;Fk; mjpfkhdJ vd;gJ njspthfpd;wJ.

1981 cld; xg;gpLifapy; 2012 ,y; Vida midj;J khtl;lq;fSk; cs;Nehf;fpa-

,lg;ngaHthsHfspd; vz;zpf;ifapy; rpwpjsT mjpfupg;igf; fhl;Lfpd;wd. (tiuglk; 47)


31.7

20.4

5.43.3

8.9

2.2

18.8

9.3

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

tpfpjhrhruk;

,lk; ngau;tpw;fhd fhuzk;;

0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000

Nkw;F

kj;jpa

njw;F

tlf;F

fpof;F

tl Nky;

tl kj;jpa

Cth

rg;ufKth

rdj;njhif

khfhzk;

10 my;yJ mjw;F Nky; 5 njhlf;fk; 9 5 ,w;F fPo;

khfhz uPjpapyhd cs;Nehf;fpa-,lg;ngaHT kw;Wk; trpf;Fk;

fhyg;gFjp

tiuglk; 48: khfhz kw;Wk; trpf;Fk; fhyg;gFjp mbg;gilapyhd

cs;Nehf;fpa-,lg;;ngathsHfs; - 2012

Nky;khfhzj;jpy; trpf;Fk;

xt;nthU ehd;F NgUf;Fk; xUtH khfhzq;fSf;fpilapy; , l k ; n g a H e ; j t u h f f ; fhzg;gLfpwhH.

Vida khfhzq;fSld; xg;gpLkplj;J mjpf ,lg;ngaHthsHfs; Nky; khfhzj;jpy; (1>083>185) mjhtJ> ePz;lfhykhf ,lk;ngaHe;jtHfs; (10 my;yJ mjw;Ff; $ba tUlq;fs;)> eLj;jufhykhf ,lk;ngaHe;jtHfs; (5 - 9 tUlq;fs;)> FWfpafhy

,lk;ngaHe;jtHfs; (5 tUlq;fSf;F cl;gl;l) vd;w midj;J tifahd ,lg;ngaHthsHfSk; fzprkhd mstpy; trpf;fpd;wdH.

tlkhfhzj;jpYk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT FWfpafhy cs;Nehf;fpa ,lg;ngaHT ,lk;ngw;Ws;sik njupate;Js;sJ.

,uz;lhk;> %d;whk; kw;Wk; ehd;fhk; ,lj;jpy; ePz;lfhykhd cs;Nehf;fpa ,lg;ngaHT

KiwNa tlkj;jpakhfhzk;;> tlNky;khfhzk; kw;Wk; kj;jpakhfhzk; Mfpatw;wpy;

,lk;ngw;Ws;sik mtjhdpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ (tiuglk; 48).

khtl;lj;jpDs; ,lg;ngaHTf;fhd fhuzq;fs;

tiuglk; 49: khtl;lj;jpDs; ,lg;ngaHTf;fhd fhuzq;fs; mbg;gilapyhd

cs;Nehf;fpa-,lg;ngaHthsHfspd; guk;gy;

khtl;lj;jpDs; ,lg;ng aHTf;fhd fhuzq;fs; tiuglk; 49 ,y; jug; gl;Ls;sJ. mjd;%yk; mz;zsthf xt;nthU %d;W ,lg;ngaHthsUf;Fk; xU ,lg;ngaHthsH jpUkzj;jpdhy; jdJ toikahf trpf;Fk; khtl;lj;ij khw;Wfpd;wik njupate;Js;sJ.

xt;nthU Ie;J ,lg; ngaHthsHfSf;Fk; xU ,lg;ngaHthsH njhopy;rhH fhuzq;fshy; jdJ toikahf trpf;Fk; khtl;lj;ij khw;Wfpd;whH. nfhOk;G> fk;g`h kw;Wk;


kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lq;fs; njhopy;rhH ,lk;ngah;tpy; kpf caHe;j rjtPjj;ij ntspf;fhl;Lfpd;wd. (KiwNa 43 rjtPjk;> 31 rjtPjk; kw;Wk; 22 rjtPjk;)

FLk;g cWg;gpdHfspd; ,lg;ngaHtpd; fhuzkhf me;j ,lg;ngaHthsHfSld; NrHe;J tho;tjw;fhf> mz;zsthf xt;nthU Ie;J NgUf;Fk; xUtH (19%) jkJ toikahd trpg;gpl khtl;lj;ij khw;Wfpd;wdH.

nkhj;j cs;Nehf;fpa ,lg;ngaHthsHfspd; E}w;Wf;F 5.4 rjtPjkhNdhH fy;tprhH Njitfspd; epkpj;jk; jkJ trpf;Fk; khtl;lj;ij khw;Wfpd;wdH. kl;lf;fsg;G> fz;b> nfhOk;G kw;Wk; khj;jiw Mfpa khtl;lq;fspy; nkhj;j ,lg;ngaHthsHfspy; fzprkhd tPjk; (KiwNa 14%> 11%. 11% kw;Wk; 8%) fy;tprhH fhuzq;fshy; ,lk;ngaHe;Js;sdH.

gpujhdkhf> ,lg;ngaHtpd; fhuzj;jpdhy; my;yJ ,lg;ngaHtpd; gpd;duhd kPs;FbNaw;wj;jpd; fhuzj;jhy; fpspnehr;rp> Ky;iyj;jPT> aho;g;ghzk;> kd;dhH kw;Wk; jpUNfhzkiy khtl;lq;fSf;F ,lk;ngaHT Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.

mk;ghiw> nghyd;dWit> mEuhjGuk;> nkhzuhfiy kw;Wk; mk;ghe;Njhl;il Mfpa khtl;lq;fspy; mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lq;fs; rhHe;j fhuzq;fshy; ,lk;ngaHe;jtHfis mtjhdpf;f KbfpwJ.

taJ> ghy; uPjpahd cs;Nehf;fp-,lk;ngaHe;NjhH rdj;njhif

tiuglk; 50: ,lk;ngaHe;NjhH kw;Wk; ,lk;ngauhNjhH rdj;njhifapd; taJ-

ghy; guk;gy; - 2012

2012 ,d; ,lk;ngaHe;j kw;Wk; ,lk;ngauhj rdj;njhifapd; taJ kw;Wk; ghy; uPjpahd guk;gy; $k;gpy; (Pyramid) fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. (tiuglk; 50)

,lk;ngauhj rdj;njhifAld; xg;gpLkplj;J> Mz;> ngz; ,UghyUf;fhfTk; ,lk;ngaHe;j rdj;njhifapy; fhzg;gLk; rpWtHfs; kw;Wk; ghlrhiy nry;Yk; rpWtHfspd; rdj;njhif (19 tajpYk; Fiwe;j) xg;gPl;lstpy; Fiwe;j ngWkjpiaj; njspthff; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

,lk;ngaHe;j rdj;njhifapy; Ntiy nra;Ak; taJr; rdj;njhif mjpfstpy; fhzg;gLtjhf> ,yq;ifapd; taJg; gpupT uPjpahd ,lk;ngaHe;j rdj;njhifapd; guk;gy; ntspf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ. Fwpg;ghf 25 - 29> 30 - 34 kw;Wk; 35 - 39 vd;w taJg; gpupTfspy; Mz;> ngz; ,UghyuJk; mjpfkhd ,lg;ngaHT ntspf;fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

rfy taJg; gpupTfspYk; (19 tajpw;Ff; Fiwe;j tHfs; jtpu) ngz;fNs Mz;fis tpl mjpfkhf ,lk;ngaHe;Js;sdH.

,lk;ngauhj Mz;

,lk;ngaHe;j Mz;

,lk;ngaHe;j ngz;

,lk;lngauhj ngz;ngz;Mz;


15.4

19.2

17.4

4.4

4.6

10.7

7.0

8.1

13.1

0 5 10 15 20 25

Nkw;F

kj;jpa

njw;F

tlf;F

fpof;F

tl Nky;

tl kj;jpa

Cth

rg;ufKth

tpfpjhrhuk;

khfhzk;

khfhz uPjpapy; ntsp Nehf;fpa-,lk;ngaHtpd; tbtq;fs;

tiuglk; 51: khfhz uPjpapy; ntspNehf;fp ,lk; ngaHe;Njhupd; rjtPjg; guk;gy;

1981> 2012

2012 rdj;njhif k j p g ; g P l ; b w ; f i k a kj;jpa khfhzj;jpy; mjpfsthd ntsp Nehf;fpa ,lg;ngaHT tPjhrhuj;ijf; (19.2%) fhzf; $bajhfTs;sJ.

,uz;lhk;> %d;whk; kw;Wk; ehd;fhk; ,lq;fspy; mjpfkhd ntspNehf;fpa ,lg;ngaHT KiwNa njd; khfhzk; (17.4%) Nky; khfhzk; (15.4%) kw;Wk; rg;gpufKth khfhzj;jpy; (13.1%) ,lk ;ngw ;Ws ;sikia

milahsk; fhz KbAk;.

Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT ntsp Nehf;fpa ,lg;ngaHT tPjhrhuk; (10.7%) tlNky; khfhzj;jpYk; gjpthfpAs;sJ.

khtl;l uPjpapyhd ntspNehf;fpa-,lg;ngaHtpd; tbtq;fs;

tiuglk; 52: khtl;l uPjpapyhd

ntspNehf;fpa-,lg;ngaHtpd;

tbtq;fs; 1981> 2012

1981 kw;Wk; 2012 ,d; ntspNehf;fpa-,lg;ngaHtpd; msT tiuglk; 52 ,y; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjw;fika nfhOk;G> tTdpah> fz;b> gJis> khj;jiw> ,uj;jpdGup kw;Wk; Etnuypah Mfpa khtl;lq;fspy; ghupastpyhd ntspNehf;fpa ,lg;ngaHT Vw;gl;Ls;sik njupate;Js;sJ.

tptrhar; nraw;wpl;l FbNaw;wq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;s

FUzhfy; kw;Wk; mEuhjGuk;

khtl;lq;fspYk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT

ntspNehf;fpa-,lg;ngaHit 2012

,y; mtjhdpf;f KbfpwJ.


khtl;l uPjpapyhd Njwpa ,lg;ngaHtpd; tbtq;fs;

tiuglk; 53: khtl;l uPjpapyhd Njwpa ,lg;ngaHtpd; tbtq;fs; 1981> 2012

Njwpa ,lg;ngaHthdJ cs;Nehf;fpa kw;Wk; ntspNehf;fpa

,lk;ngaHTfSf;fpilapyhd tpj;jpahrkhFk;. ,J Neu;f;fzpakhfNth (cs;Nehf;fpa-

,lk;ngaHT) vjpHf;fzpakhfNth (ntspNehf;fpa-,lk;ngaHT) fhzg;glyhk;.

tiuglk; 53 ,w;fika 1981 njhlf;fk; 2012 fhyg;gFjpapy;> Nky;khfhzj;jpd; Kd;W

khtl;lq;fspYk; Njwpa ,lg;ngaHtpdJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT mjpfupg;Gg; Nghf;iff;

fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

,f;fhyg;gFjpapy; nfhOk;G kw;Wk; fk;g`h khtl;lq;fs;; kpfg;gpugykhd ,lk;ngaHtpd;

Kbtplq;fshfj; jpfo;fpd;wd.

1981 ,y; mEuhjGuk;> nghyd;dWit kw;Wk; nkhzuhfiy Mfpa cyHtya

khtl;lq;fs; caHthd NeHf;fzpa Njwpa ,lg;ngaHitg; gjpT nra;jpUg;gpDk;

2012 MFk;NghJ mjpy; tPo;r;rpg; Nghf;fpidf; fhzf; $bajhfTs;sJ.

1981 cld; xg;gpLkplj;J 2012 ,y; Etnuypah> gJis kw;Wk; khj;jiw khtl;lq;fs;

caHthd vjpHf;fzpa Njwpa ,lg;ngaHtpid ntspf;fhl;Lfpd;wd.


Njwpa ,lg;ngaHT tPjk;

ml;ltiz 2: khtl;l uPjpahd Njwpa ,lg;ngaHT tPjk; - 1981> 2012

Fwpg;G: fpspnehr;rp khtl;lk; 1981 ,d; gpd;dH cUthf;fg;gl;likahy;

,t;tl;ltizapy; xg;gPl;Lf;fhf cs;slf;fg;gltpy;iy. xt;nthU khtl;lr;

rdj;njhifapYk; xt;nthU Mapuj;jpw;Fk; fhzg;gLk; Njwpa ,lg;ngaHthsHfspd;

vz;zpf;if Njwpa ,lg;ngaHT tPjkhFk;.

2012 ,d; cr;r vjpHf;fzpa Njwpa ,lg;ngaHT tTdpah khtl;lj;jpy; (-697.7)

gfpthfpAs;sJld; ,uz;lhtJ cr;r vjpHf;fzpa Njwpa ,lg;ngaHthdJ khj;jiw

khtl;lj;jpy; (-198.7) gjpthfpAs;sJ. Etnuypah> gJis> fhyp kw;Wk; Nffhiy

khtl;lq;fspYk; cr;r vjpHf;fzpa Njwpa ,lg;ngaHT gjpag;gl;Ls;sJ (KiwNa

-144.2> -109.2> -1.2.5 kw;Wk; 100.1).

1981 ,ypUe;J 2012 tiuahd fhyg;gFjpapy; Etnuypah> gJis kw;Wk;

mk;ghe;Njhl;il Mfpa khtl;lq;fs; vjpHf;fzpa Njwpa ,lg;ngaHtpy; mjpfupg;Gg;

Nghf;iff; fhl;Lfpd;wd. (ml;ltiz 2).

1981 ,y; nghyd;dWit> nkhzuhfiy kw;Wk; mEuhjGuk; Mfpa khtl;lq;fspy;

mjp cr;r NeHf;fzpa Njwpa ,lg;ngaHT gjpthfpapUg;gpDk;> 2012 ,y; me;j

NeHf;fzpa Njwpa ,lg;ngaHT tPo;r;rpailAk; Nghf;iff; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

1981 ,y; NeHf;fzpa Njwpa ,lg;ngaHitf; nfhz;Ls;s tTdpah> kd;dhH kw;Wk;

,uj;jpdGup khtl;lq;fs;> 2012 ,y; vjpHf;fzpa Njwpa ,lg;ngaHT nfhz;l

khtl;lq;fshf khwpAs;sd.

fSj;Jiw kw;Wk; aho;g;ghz khtl;lq;fs; 1981 ,y; vjpHf;fzpa Njwpa ,lg;ngaHitf;

nfhz;bUe;j khtl;lq;fshfg; gjpthfpapUe;jhYk; 2012 ,y; NeHf;fzpa Njwpa

,lg;ngaHitf; nfhz;Ls;s khtl;lq;fshf khwpAs;sd.

khtl;lk; 1981 2012 khtl;lk; 1981 2012

nfhOk;G 28.4 67.1 Ky;iyj;jPT 318.8 143.9

fk;g`h 74.0 190.2 kl;lf;fsg;G -4.8 -44.3

fSj;Jiw -32.4 56.6 mk;ghiw 101.0 40.0

fz;b -138.4 -95.4 jpUNfhzkiy 141.1 65.8

khj;jis -41.6 -48.8 FUzhfy; -18.6 -20.6

Etnuypah -37.1 -144.2 Gj;jsk; 67.6 52.2

fhyp -111.7 -102.5 mEuhjGuk; 160.8 54.7

khj;jiw -161.2 -198.7 nghyd;dWit 371.6 142.5

mk;ghe;Njhl;il -4.6 -50.0 gJis -49.6 -109.2

aho;g;ghzk; -53.4 24.0 nkhzuhfiy 221.9 58.2

kd;dhH 150.9 -36.1 ,uj;jpdGup 14.6 -44.2

tTdpah 263.5 -697.7 Nffhiy -121.6 -100.1


jw;fhypfkhf ntspehLfspy; trpg;NghH rdj;njhif

tiuglk; 54: khtl;lk; kw;Wk; ghy; uPjpahd jw;fhypfkhf ntspehLfspy;

trpg;NghH rdj;njhif

2012 Fbrd kw;Wk; tpl;L trjpfs; njhifkjpg;gpw;fika jw;fhypfkhf ntspehLfspy;

trpf;Fk; nkhj;j rdj;njhifapDs; (6 khjq;fSf;Fk; mjpfkhfj; jw;fhypfkhf ,lk;ngaHe;Js;NshH) E}w;Wf;F 59 tPjk; Mz;fs; vd;gJld; E}w;Wf;F 41 tPjk; ngz;fshtH. ,jd; %yk; NtW ehl;by; jw;fhypfkhf trpf;Fk; ntspehl;ltHfspy; Mz;fs; rdj;njhifapd; msT ngz;fs; rdj;njhifapd; msit tpl caHe;j ngWkjpiaf; nfhz;Ls;sik ntspf;fhl;lg;gLfpd;wJ.

ntspehLfspy; jw;fhypfkhf trpf;Fk; ngz;fspd; nkhj;j vz;zpf;ifapy; mz;zsthf 72 rjtPjkhNdhH trpf;Fk; khtl;lq;fisf; ftdj;jpy; nfhz;lhy 9 khtl;lq;fs; Kf;fpaj;JtKiladthFk;. mitahtd> fk;g`h (13.5 rjtPjk;)> nfhOk;G (12.2 rjtPjk;)> FUzhfy; (10.7 rjtPjk;)> Gj;jsk; (8.1 rjtPjk;)> fz;b (7.4 rjtPjk;)> fSj;Jiw (5.6 rjtPjk;)> Etnuypah (4.8 rjtPjk;)> fhyp (4.7 rjtPjk;) kw;Wk; mEuhjGuk; (4.5 rjtPjk;) vd;wthW Kiwahff; fhl;lyhk;.

ntspehLfspy; jw;fhypfkhf trpf;Fk; Mz;fspd; nkhj;j vz;zpf;ifapy; mz;zsthf ehd;fpy; %d;W gq;fpdH (74.0 rjtPjk;) cs;lq;Fk; khtl;lq;fshf fk;g`h (15.8 rjtPjk;)> nfhOk;G (14.8 rjtPjk;)> fz;b (7.9 rjtPjk;)> Gj;jsk; (7.2

rjtPjk;)> FUzhfy; (7.0 rjtPjk;)> fSj;Jiw (6.0 rjtPjk;)> mk;ghiw (5.5 rjtPjk;)>

kl;lf;fsg;G (5.4 rjtPjk;) kw;Wk; fhyp (4.5 rjtPjk;) vd;gtw;iw milahsk; fhz

KbAk;.


jw;NghJ trpf;Fk; ehLfs; uPjpahf ntspehLfspy; jw;fhypfkhf

trpg;NghH rdj;njhif

tiuglk; 55: jw;NghJ trpf;Fk; ehLfs; uPjpahf ntspehLfspd; jw;fhypfkhf

trpf;Fk; ,yq;ifr; rdj;njhif

jw;fhypfkhf ntspehl;by; trpf;Fk; ,yq;ifaUs; mjpfkhNdhH xg;ge;j

mbg;gilapy; Ntiy nra;Ak; ,lg;ngaHthsHfshf rpy kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfSf;F

,lk;ngaHe;Js;sdH. me;j ehLfshf rTjp mNugpah> Fitj;> If;fpa muG ,uhr;rpak;> fl;lhH> nygdhd;> N[hHjhd;> Xkhd; kw;Wk; g`nua;d; Nghd;wd fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

,t;thW jw;fhypfkhf ntspehLfspy; thOk; midj;J ,yq;ifaupy; mz;zsthf 67 rjtPjkhNdhH kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfspy; trpj;J tUfpd;wdH.

jw;fhypfkhf ntspehLfspy; trpf;Fk; ngz;fs; rdj;njhifapy; E}w;Wf;F 72 tPjKk; Mz;fs; rdj;njhifapy; E}w;Wf;F 63 tPjKk; kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfspy; trpf;fpd;wdH. (tiuglk; 55)

toikahf trpf;Fk; khfhz uPjpahf jw;fhypfkhf ntspehLfspy; trpf;Fk; rdj;njhif

jw;fhypfkhf ntspehLfspy; trpf;Fk; nkhj;j rdj;njhifapy; 1/3 gq;fpYk; mjpfkhNdhH (34.4 rjtPjk;) Nky; khfzj;jpw;F cupj;jhtJld; ,uz;lhtJk; %d;whtJkhf> jw;fhypfkhf ntspehl;by; trpg;Nghiu mjpfkhf cUthf;fpAs;s khfhzq;fshf KiwNa tlNky; khfhzk; (16.1 rjtPjk;) kw;Wk; kj;jpa khfhzk; (14.1 rjtPjk;) fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

jw;fhypfkhf ntspehLfspy; trpf;Fk; nkhj;j rdj;njhifapy; fpof;F khfhzj;jpw;FupatHfs; E}w;Wf;F 11 vd;gJld; njd; khfhzj;jpw;FupatHfs; E}w;Wf;F 8.2 tPjk; MFk;.

ntspehLfspy; jw;fhypfkhf trpf;Fk; nkhj;j rdj;njhifapy; rg;ufKth> tlkj;jpa

kw;Wk; tlf;F khfhzq;fs; KiwNa 6.0 rjtPjk;> 5.0 rjtPjk; kw;Wk; 3.3 rjtPjj;ijf;

nfhz;Ls;sd.


46.8,%

45.8%

7.4%

fU FLk;gk; tpupTgl;l FLk;gk; jdp egu; FLk;gk;

4.5 %

23.9 %

40.4 %

17.9 %

10.5 %

2.9 %ghlrhiyr; nry;yhjtu;

Muk;gepiy

,uz;lhk; epiy

f.ngh.j.(rh.ju)g; guPl;irmy;yJ mw;Fr; rkdhd

f.ngh.j.(c.ju)g;guPPl;ir my;yJ mw;Fr;rkdhd

jw;fhypfkhf ntspehLfspy; thOk; rdj;njhifapdupd;

Fbj;jdq;fspd; gz;Gfs;.

2012 ,y; Fiwe;jJ xt;nthU gjpndhU Fbj;jdq;fSf;Fk; xU Fbj;jdj;jpy;

Fiwe;j gl;rk; xUtuhtJ jw;fhypfkhf ntspehl;by; trpg;gjhff; njupate;Js;sJ.

tiuglk; 56: Fbj;jdj; jiytupd; fy;tpj; jifik uPjpahf Fiwe;jJ

xUtuhtJ jw;fhypfkhf ntspehl;by; trpf;Fk; Fbj;jdq;fspd; rjtPjk;

jw;fhypfkhf ntspehl;by;

trpf;Fk; egHfs; fhzg;gLk;

Fbj;jdq;fspy; %d;wpy;

,uz;L gq;fpYk; mjpfkhd

Fbj;jdq;fspd; Fbj;jdj; jiy

tHfs; f.ngh.j. rh/j ,Yk;

Fiwthd fy;tpj; jifikiaf;

nfhz;Ls;sdH.

tiuglk; 57: FLk;gf; fl;likg;G uPjpahf Fiwe;jJ xUtH ntspehl;by;

trpf;Fk; Fbj;jdq;fspd; rjtPjk;

jw;fhypfkhf ntspehl;by;

trpg;Nghupd; FLk;g mikg;gpidf;

ftdj;jpy; nfhz;lhy; fUf;

FLk;gk; kw;Wk; $l;Lf; FLk;

gq;fSf;fpilapy; ngUk;ghYk;

rk guk;giyf; fhzKbAk;.

(KiwNa 47 rjtPjk; kw;Wk; 46

rjtPjk; MFk;.)

jw;fhypfkhf ntspehLfspy; trpg;gjw;fhd fhuzq;fs;

jw;fhypfkhf ntspehLfspy; trpf;Fk; nkhj;j rdj;njhifapy; E}w;Wf;F 85

rjtPjkhNdhH njhopYf;fhf ,lk;ngaHe;Js;sdH. mtHfspy; 60 rjtPjkhNdhH

Mz;fshfTk; 40 rjtPjkhNdhH ngz;fshfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wdH.


rjtPjkhNdhH fy;tpf;fhf ,lk;ngaHe;Js;sdH. mtHfspy; 64 rjtPjkhNdhH

Mz;fshfTk; 36 rjtPjkhNdhH ngz;fshfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wdH.


rjtPjkhNdhH 18 - 59 taJf;fpilg;gl;NlhuhtH

clypay; kw;Wk; cstpay;

,lHghLfs;


clypay; kw;Wk; cstpay; ,lHghLfs;

egHfspd; clypay; kw;Wk; cstpay; uPjpahd ,lHghLfs;

clypay; kw;Wk; cstpay; ,lHghLs;s egHfs; vd ,q;F ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gLtJ>

jkJ md;whl eltbf;iffis ve;jnthU KiwapyhtJ Nkw;nfhs;s KbahkYk;

kw;Wk; XusT f];lj;Jld; me;j eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;Sk; egHfshtH.

cly; uPjpahd kw;Wk; csuPjpahd jdpg;gl;Nlhupd; nray;ghl;L ,lHghLfs; fle;j

2012 njhifkjpg;gpy; 6 Kf;fpa jiyg;Gf;fspy; Nrfupf;fg;gl;ld> mitahtd

ghHit> Nfs;ik> ,lk;ngauhw;wy;> epidthw;wy;> ehshe;j Ra eltbf;if kw;Wk;

fUj;Jf;fisg; gupkhwy; vd;gdthFk;.

kpfTk; taJ Fiwe;j rpWtHfspd; clypay; kw;Wk; cstpay; ,lHghLfis

milahsk; fhz;gJ fbdkhdjhFk;. Mifahy; 2012 njhifkjpg;gpy; 5 taJk;

mjw;F Nkw;gl;NlhuJk; jfty;fNs ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;ld.

nkhj;j rdj;njhifapy; 5 taJ kw;Wk; mjw;Ff; $batHfspy; (18>615>577) MW

tiffspy; VjhtnjhU tifapy; ,lHghl;ilf; nfhz;Ls;stHfs; 1>617>924 (my;yJ

8.7 rjtPjk;) vdf; $wg;gLfpwJ. ,jpy;> 43 rjtPjkhNdhH Mz;fSk; 57 rjtPjkhNdhH

ngz;fSkhtH.

tiuglk; 58: tif kw;Wk; taJ uPjpahf clypay; kw;Wk; cstpay;

,lHghLila rdj;njhifapdupd; rjtPjk;

5 taJ kw;Wk; mjw;Ff; $batHfs; KiwNa 5.4> 2.1> 3.9> 1.8> 1.1 kw;Wk;

1.0 rjtPjkhNdhH KiwNa ghHit> Nfs;ik> ,lk;ngauhw;wy;> epidthw;wy;>

ehshe;j Raeltbf;if kw;Wk; fUj;Jf;fisg; gupkhwy; Nghd;w ,lHghLfshy;

mtjpAWfpd;wdH.

5.4

2.1

3.9

1.8

1.1 1.0

4.7

1.9

3.1

1.6

1.0 1.0

6.0

2.3

4.7

2.1

1.1 1.0

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Vision Audibility Mobility Cogni<on Day to day self care Communicability

Percentage

Domain Total Male Female

Nfs;ikghHit epidthw;wy; ehshe;jNtiy

rjtPjk;

fUj;Jg;gupkhw;wk;

nkhj;jk;

,lHghL

elj;jy;

Mz; ngz;


khtl;l uPjpahf nray;ghl;L ,lHghl;bd; epiy

tiuglk; 59: khtl;l uPjpahf clypay; kw;Wk; cstpay; ,lHghl;bd; jd;ik

cr;r rjtPjkhd ,lHghLs;stHfs; fhzg;gLk; khtl;lkhff; fz;b (10.1)

fhzg;gLtJld; mLj;J Etnuypah (10.0) kw;Wk; ,uj;jpdGup (10.0) khtl;lq;fs;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mjpFiwe;j ,lHghLs;Nshupd; rjtPjk; nfhOk;gpYk; (7.0) mLj;J

kl;lf;fsg;gpYk; 7.2 rjtPjkhfTk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. tiuglk; 59 MdJ ,lHghLs;s

rdj;njhifapdupd; guk;giyj; njspthff; fhl;LfpwJ.

taJ uPjpahf clypay; kw;Wk; cstpay; ,lHghl;bd; jd;ik

clypay; kw;Wk; cstpay; ,lHghLs;s rdj;njhifapdupd; rjtPjk; taJ

mjpfupg;Gld; caHtilfpwJ. Mifahy; tajhNdhH rdj;njhifapdupd; clypay;

kw;Wk; cstpay; ,lHghLfisf; Fiwtilar; nra;a eltbf;if vLf;f Ntz;Lk;.


tiuglk; 60: taJg; gpupT kw;Wk; ghy; uPjpahf clypay; kw;Wk; cstpay;

,lHghLila rdj;njhifapd; rjtPjk; - 2012

nghUshjhu eltbf;iffspy; <LgLtjd; mbg;gilapyhd clypay;

kw;Wk; cstpay; ,lHghLfs;

nghJthf clypay; kw;Wk; cstpay; ,lHghLila egHfs; gy;NtW nghUshjhu

eltbf;iffspy; <Lgl;L tUfpd;wdH. mjw;fika 15 tajpYk; mjpfkhd mt;thwhd

,lHghLfisf; nfhz;l egHfspy; E}w;Wf;F 29 rjtPjkhNdhH VjhtJ nghUshjhu

eltbf;iffspy; <Lgl;Ls;sik njupate;Js;sJ.

vQ;rpa E}w;Wf;F 71 rjtPjkhNdhH nghUshjhur; nraw;ghlw;wtHfshtH. ,lHghLs;s

rdj;njhifapy; ngUk;ghd;ikahNdhH nghUshjhu uPjpahfr; nraw;ghlw;Nwhuhfg;

gjpthfpAs;sdH.

-

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

Mz; ngz;

taJ vy;iy

rjtPjk;

tPl;Ltrjpfs;


gpd;dzp

Fbrd> tPl;Ltrjpfs; nfhifkjpg;Ng ehl;bd; tPl;L trjpfs; njhlHghd jfty;fisg;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; Muk;g %ykhFk;. tPl;Lf;$Wfs;. $l;Ltrpg;gplq;fs; (gzk;

nfhLj;J jq;Fk; tPLfs;> tpLjpfs;> rpiwr;rhiyfs;> KjpNahH ,y;yq;fs; Nghd;wd)

kw;Wk; trpg;gplky;yhj fl;blf;$Wfs; (mYtyfq;fs;> jpUj;jfq;fs;> filfs;

Nghd;wd) vDk; %d;W tiffspd; fl;blq;fs; ahTk;> 2012 njifkjpg;gpd;NghJ

epuw;gLj;jg;gl;ld. mj;Jld;> kf;fs; thOk; midj;J tifahd fl;blq;fspy; trpj;j

NghjpYk; tPl;Ltrjpg; gz;Gfs; kf;fs; jq;fpapUf;Fk; tPl;Lf;$Wfspy; khj;jpuNk

Nrfupf;fg;gl;ld.

njhifkjpg;G 2012 ,y;> tPl;Ltrjpj; jfty;fs; kw;Wk; Fbj;jdj; jfty;fs; vDk;

,uz;L gpujhd jiyg;Gfspd; fPo; jfty;fs; Nrfupf;fg;gl;ld. tPl;Lf;$whdJ kdpjHfs;

trpf;Fk;> RtH Nghd;wtw;why; Vida ,lq;fspypUe;J Ntwhf;fg;gl;bUg;gJd; jdpahd

EiothapiyAk; nfhz;l ,lkhFk;. vdNt> xU fl;blf;$wpy; gy tPl;Lf;$Wfs;

fhzg;glyhk;.

mj;Jld;> xU tPl;Lf;$wpDs; gy Fbj;jdq;fs; fhzg;glyhk;. Fbj;jdj;ij

jPHkhdpf;Fk; gpujhd fhuzpahf rikay; tpsq;FfpwJ. Fbj;jdkhdJ gyiuf;

nfhz;l Fbj;jdk; my;yJ jdpnahUtiuf; nfhz;l Fbj;jdkhf mikayhk;. jdJ

czT trjpfis jhNk Nkw;nfhz;L jdpahf thOk; xUtH jdpegH Fbj;jdk;

vdg;gLk;. jkJ rikay; xOq;Ffis xd;whf Nkw;nfhz;L thOk; ,uz;L my;yJ

mjw;F Nkw;gl;Nlhiuf; nfhz;l Fbj;jdk; gy egH Fbj;jdk; vdg;gLk;.

trpg;gplq;fspd; vz;zpf;if

ml;ltiz 3: egHfs; trpf;Fk; fl;blq;fspd; vz;zpf;if - 2012

2012 njhifkjpg;gpd; gpufhuk;> ,e;ehl;by; kf;fs; trpg;gjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jk;

fl;blf;$Wfspd; nkhj;j vz;zpf;if 5>267>159 Mff; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

trpf;Fk;

tPl;Lf;$Wfs;$l;L trpg;gplq;fs;

trpg;gplky;yhj

fl;blf;$Wfs;

5,207,740 52,284 7,135


tiuglk; 61: khtl;l uPjpahf trpf;Fk; tPl;Lf;$Wfspd; vz;zpf;if - 2012

tiuglk; 61 ,d; %yk; khtl;l mbg;gilapy; trpf;Fk; tPl;Lf; $Wfspd; guk;gy;

fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. trpf;Fk; tPl;Lf; $Wfspd; mjpfkhd vz;zpf;if fk;g`h>

nfhOk;G kw;Wk; FUehfy; khtl;lq;fspy; gjpthfpAs;sJld; caHe;j ngWkjp

fk;g`h khtl;lj;jpy; gjpthfpAs;sJ.

tPl;bd; fl;likg;G

ml;ltiz 4: tPl;Lf; fl;likg;G uPjpahf trpf;Fk; tPl;Lf;$Wfspd; rjtPjg;

guk;gy; - 2012

ehl;bd; ngUk;gd;ikahd (84.8 rjtPjk;) tPl;Lf;$Wfs; xw;iwj;jsj; jdp tPLfshff;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd> mLj;J 7.2 rjtPj ,ul;ilj;jsj; jdp tPLfSk;> 1.5 rjtPj

Fbir/NrupfSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. njhifkjpg;Gf; fzf;nfLf;Fk; fhyq;fspy;

Njhl;lkf;fs; ngUk;ghYk; thOk; tupirtPL/yaq;fs; 3.6 rjtPjkhf ntspg;gl;ld. Vida ,uz;Lf;F Nkw;gl;l jsq;fisAila jdp tPLfs;> njhlHkhb tPLfs;>

$l;Lupik tPLfs; kw;Wk; ,ul;il tPLfs; Nghd;w tifahd tPl;Lf;$Wfs; kpff;

Fiwe;j rjtPjj;jpy; fhzg;gl;ld.

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

nfhOk;G

fk;g`

h

fSj;Jiw

fz

;b

khj;jis

Etnuypah

fhyp

khj;jiw

mk;ge;Njhl; …

aho;g;ghzk;

kd;dhu;

tTdpah

Ky;iyj;jPT

fpspnehr;rp

kl;lf;fsg;G

mk;ghiw

jpUNfhzk

…FUz

hfy;

Gj;jsk;

mEuhjGuk;

nghyd;dW

…gJis

nkhduhfiy

,uj;jpdGup

Nffhiy

vz;zpf;if

tPl;Lf; fl;likg;G tif vz;zpf;if rjtPjk;

nkhj;j trpf;Fk; tPl;Lf;$Wfs; 5,207,740 100xw;iwj;jsj; jdptPL 4,416,584 84.8,ul;ilj;jsj; jdptPL 376,764 7.2,uz;bYk; mjpf js jdptPL 27,654 0.5NrHe;jtPL/ JiztPL 51,424 1.0njhlHkhb 32,127 0.6$l;Lupik tPLfs;/ Mlk;gu khbtPLfs 4,179 0.1,ul;il tPLfs; 36,512 0.7tupirtPLfs;/ yad;fs; 185,131 3.6Fbir/ Nrup 77,365 1.5


EtnuypahtpYs;s tPl;Lf;$Wfspy; 31.2 rjtPjkhdit tupirtPL / yaq;fshff; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mjp caH msthd (44.5 rjtPjk;) Fbir/ Nrupfs; fhzg;gLk;

,lkhf Ky;iyj;jPT khtl;lKk; mLj;J fpspnehr;rp (24.4 rjtPjk;) khtl;lKk;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

Fbj;jdq;fs;

Fbj;jdq;fspd; vz;zpf;if 5>264>282 Mff; fhzg;gl;lNghjpYk;> ,J trpf;Fk;

tPl;Lf;$Wfspd; vz;zpf;ifia tpl vz;zpf;ifapy; 56>542 My; mjpfkhff;

fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,jd; fUj;J xU tPl;Lf;$wpy;> xd;W my;yJ Nkw;gl;l Fbj;jdq;fs;

cs;sd vd;gjhFk;. ngUk;ghd;ikahd tPl;Lf; $Wfspy; (E}w;Wf;F 97) xU

Fbj;jdNk fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

njhifkjpg;gpypUe;J Fbj;jd cWg;gpdHfspd; ruhrup msT 3.8 Mff; fhzg;gLtJld;>

,e;jr; ruhrupahdJ trpf;Fk; gpupTf;fika khWgLfpwJ. xU Fbj;jdj;jpy;

mq;fj;jtHfspd; ruhrup msT efHg;Gwq;fspy; 3.9 MfTk;> fpuhkg;Gwq;fspy; 3.7

MfTk;> ngUe;Njhl;lg; gpupTfspy; 4.0 MfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

tPl;L cupik

ml;ltiz 5: tPl;L cupik uPjpahf trpf;Fk; tPl;Lf;$Wfspd; Fbj;jdq;fspd;

rjtPjg; guk;gy; - 2012

Fbj;jdq;fspy; ngUk;ghd;ikahdit> Fbj;jd mq;fj;jtH xUtUf;Fr;

nrhe;jkhdjhFk;.

RtHfSf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l gpujhd %yg;nghUs; uPjpahf

trpf;Fk; tPl;Lf;$Wfs;

RtHfspd; fl;Lkhdj;jpw;fhd %yg;nghUshf> ngUk;ghd;ikahd tPl;Lf;$WfSf;F

(53.1 rjtPjk;) nrq;fw;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd> ,Ug;gpDk; 33.8 rjtPjkhd

tPl;Lf;$WfSf;Fr; rPnke;Jf; fy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. RtH mikg;gjw;F 5

rjtPjkhd tPl;Lf;$WfSf;Fg; fspkz; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

tPl;L cupik tif vz;zpf;if rjtPjk;

Fbj;jdq;fspd; nkhj;jk; 5,264,282 100

Fbj;jd mq;fj;jtH xUtUf;Fr;

nrhe;jkhdJ

4,365,190 82.9

thlif/ Fj;jif - muRf;Fr;

nrhe;jkhd

116,871 2.2

thlif/ Fj;jif - jdpahUf;Fr;

nrhe;jkhdJ

330,410 6.3

thlifaw;W trpg;gJ 328,346 6.2

mj;JkPwpaJ 68,650 1.3

Vidait 54,815 1.0


tiuglk; 62: RtHfspd; gpujhd %yg;nghUs; uPjpahf trpf;Fk; tPl;Lf;$Wfspd;


jiuf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l gpujhd %yg;nghUs; uPjpahf trpf;Fk;

tPl;Lf;$Wfs;

ngUk;ghd;ikahd tPl;Lf; $Wfs; jiufis mikg;gjw;fhf (72.5 rjtPjk;) rPnke;J

gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJld; E}w;Wf;F 12.2 rjtPjk; nuwhNrh> jiuNahL> fUq;fw;fs;

gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. mj;Jld; 7.5 rjtPjkhd tPl;Lf;$WfSf;Ff; jiuf;fhd

%yg;nghUshff; fspkz; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

tiuglk; 63: jiuf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s gpujhd %yg;nghUs; kw;Wk;

khtl;l uPjpahf trpf;Fk; tPl;Lf;$Wfspd; rjtPjq;fs;

rfy khtl;lq;fspYk;> jiufSf;fhd jsq;fis mikf;f rPnke;ijNa

gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdH. vt;thwhapDk; fpspnehr;rp (24.8 rjtPjk;)> nkhzuhfiy

(24.6 rjtPjk;) kw;Wk; gJis (17.1 rjtPjk;) Mfpa khtl;lq;fspy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f

tPl;Lf;$Wfspd; rjtPjk; jiufSf;Ff; fspkz;izg; gad;gLj;jpAs;sJld;

53.1%33.8%

2.1%2.8%

5.0%

0.9%2.0%

0.3%nrq;fy;

rPnke;Jf;fy;> fUq;fy;

fg+f;fy;

mKf;fpa kzw;fy;

fspkz;

fpLF> gidNahiy

gyif> jfuk;

Vidait

0

20

40

60

80

100

tpfpjhrhuk;

rPnke;J nuwhNrh my;yJ jiuNahL my;yJ fpwidl; fspkz;


kWgf;fj;jpy; Nky; khfhzj;jpYs;s nfhOk;G (33.4 rjtPjk;)> fk;g`h (20.7

rjtPjk;) kw;Wk; fSj;Jiw (16.8 rjtPjk;) Mfpa khtl;lq;fspy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT

tPl;Lf;$Wfspd; rjtPjk; nuwhNrh> jiuNahL kw;Wk; fUq;fy; Nghd;wtw;iwg;;

gad;gLj;jp> xg;gPl;lstpy; Mlk;gu Kiwfspy; jiufis mikj;J> Vida

khtl;lq;fis tpl caHe;j tho;f;ifj; juj;ijf; fhl;Lfpd;wd.

$iuf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jpAs;s gpujhd %yg;nghUs; uPjpahf trpf;Fk;

tPl;Lf;$Wfs;

tiuglk; 64: $iuf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jpAs;s gpujhd %yg;nghUs; uPjpahf

trpf;Fk; tPl;Lf;$Wfspd; rjtPjg; guk;gy; - 2012

tPl;Lf;$wpd;

tif

epHkhzj;Jf;fhd gpujhd %yg;nghUs;

RtH jiu $iu

epiyahd

nrq;fy; rPnke;J XL

rPnke;J Jz;Lfs;/fw;fs;

nuwhNrh/jiiuNahL/fuq;fy;

m];ng]u];

fg+f; kuk; nfhq;fpwPw;

mKf;fpa kzw;fw;fs; nfhq;fpwPw; rpq; mYkPdpaj; jfL

Fiw-epue;ju fsp VjhtJ %yg;nghUs; VjhtJ %yg;nghUs;

jpUj;jg;gl;l

fpLF/gidNahiy fsp cNyhfj; jfL

fyif/cNyhfj;

jfLkz;

fpLF/gidNahiy/itf;Nfhy;

tifg;gLj;jg;glhj Vidait Vidait Vidait

47.6%

34.6%

4.1%0.9% 10.5%

2.1% 0.2% XL

m];ng];u];

nfhq;wPl;

mYkpdpaj; jfL

jfuk;

fpLF my;yJ gidNahiymy;yJ itf;Nfhy;

Vidait

n g U k ; g h d ; i k a h d

tPl;Lf;$Wfs; $iuapid

mikf;f (47.6 rj

tPjk;) XLfisNa ga

d ; gLj ; j pAs ;sJld ; >

mjw;fLj;jjhf m];ng

];u]; $iuj; jfLfSk;

(34.6 rjtPjk;)> cNyhfj;

$iuj; jfLfSk;

(10.5 rjtPjk;) gad;

gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. $iu

fis mikg;gjw;Fg;

ngUk;gYk; XLfSk;>

m];ng];u]; jfLfSk; gpugy;ag; nghUshfg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. mjpfkhNdhH

ehl;bd; #lhd fhyepiyf;F Vw;wtifapy; ngUk;ghYk; XLfs; gad;gLj;jpapUf;fyhk;.

fl;Lkhdg; nghUs;fspd; tiff;fika trpf;Fk; tPl;Lf;$Wfspd;

kPs;-tifg;gLj;jy;

midj;J trpf;Fk; tPl;Lf;$WfSk; epue;ju> miu-epue;ju> jw;fhypf kw;Wk;

tifg;gLj;jg;glhj vDk; ehd;F cggpupTfshf tifg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJld; fPNo

fhl;lg;gLk; epajpfSf;fika ,e;j tifg;gLj;jy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ.


trpf;Fk; nkhj;j tPl;Lf;$Wfspy; (5>207>740)> E}w;Wf;F 81.9 rjtPjf; $Wfs; epue;juf;

fl;Lkhdg; nghUs;fshy; fl;lg;gl;Ls;sJld; E}w;Wf;F 17.2 rjtPjk; miu epue;jug;

nghUs;fshy; epHkhzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

epHkhzj;jpw;F nfhOk;Gk; (93.6 rjtPjk;)> Ky;iyj;jPTk; (35.0 rjtPjk;) KiwNa

mjp cr;rkhdJk;> mjp Fiwe;jJkhd epue;juf; fl;Lkhdg; nghUs;fisg;

gad;gLj;jpAs;sd. miu epue;juf; fl;Lkhdg; nghUs;fis Etnuypah (60.7 rjtPjk;)

khtl;lk; cr;rkhfTk;> mLj;J Ky;iyj;jPT (53.8 rjtPjk;) kw;Wk; fpspnehr;rp (50.8

rjtPjk;) khtl;lq;fSk; gad;gLj;jpAs;sd.

tiuglk; 65: epHkhzpf;fg;gl;l nghUs;fspd; tif kw;Wk; khtl;l uPjpahf

trpf;Fk; tPl;Lf;$Wfspd; rjtPjg; guk;gy; - 2012

trpf;Fk; tPl;Lf;$Wfspd; taJ

ml;ltiz 6: epHkhzpj;j tUl

uPjpahf trpf;Fk; tPl;Lf;$Wfspd;


tPl;Lf;$nwhd;wpd; taijf;

fzpg;gpl epHkhzpf;fg;gl;l

Mz;L Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. jw;

Nghija tPl;Lf; $Wfspy; 2.5

kpy;ypad;fs; vz;zpf;ifahd E}

w;Wf;F 47.2 rjtPj tpl;Lf; $Wfs;;

2000 Mk; Mz;Lf;Fg; gpd;dH

g+uzg;gLj;jg; gl;Ls;sjhfj;

njhifkjpg;G ngWNgWfs; %yk;

fhl;lg;gLfpd;wd. 2011 Mk;

Mz;by; kl;Lk; 323>194 tPl;Lf;

$Wfs; epHkhzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

(ml;ltiz 6)

epHkhzpj;j tUlk; vz;zpf;if rjtPjk;

Total 5,207,740 100.02011 323,194 6.22010 236,190 4.52009 210,782 4.02008 205,037 3.92007 206,425 4.02006 210,202 4.02005 256,804 4.92004 – 2000 819,104 15.71999 – 1995 581,580 11.21994 – 1990 477,621 9.21989 – 1980 620,287 11.91979orbefore 1,060,514 20.4

0

20

40

60

80

100

nfhOk;G

fk;g`

h

fSj;Jiw

fz

;b

khj;jis

Etnuypah

fhyp

khj;jiw

mk;ge;Njhl;il

aho;g;ghzk;

kd;dhu;

tTdpah

Ky;iyj;jPT

fpspnehr;rp

kl;lf;fsg;G

mk;ghiw

jpUNfhzkiy

FUz

hfy;

Gj;jsk;

mEuhjGuk;

nghyd;dWit

gJis

nkhduhfiy

,uj;jpdGup

Nffhiy

tpfpjhrhuk;

epue;jukhdiw mur rhu;Gilait epuw;jukw;wit


FbePiug; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; khHf;fj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; Fbj;jdq;fs;

ghJfhg;ghd fpzW> Foha; %ykhd ePH (gpujhd ,izg;G)> Foha;f; fpzW kw;Wk; Nghj;jypy; milf;fg;gl;l ePH Mfpad ghJfhg;ghd FbePnudf; fUjg;gLfpwJ. Fbj;jdq;fspy; E}w;Wf;F 31.4 rjtPjk; tshfj;jpDs; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;s ghJfhg;ghd fpzWfspy; FbePiug; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJld; E}w;Wf;F 14.7 rjtPjk; tPl;L tshfj;Jf;F ntspNa mikag; ngw;Ws;s ghJfhg;ghd fpzWfspy; FbePiug; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjhfj; njhifkjpg;Gj; jfty;fSf;fikaj; njupa te;Js;sJ. Foha; ePiu (gpujhd ,izg;G) rdj;njhifapy; E}w;Wf;F 31.4 rjtPjkhNdhH FbePiug; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd gpujhd khHf;fkhfg; gad;gLj;Jtjhfg; gjpthfpAs;sJ. (tiuglk; 66).

tiuglk; 66: FbePH ngWk; gpujhd khHf;fj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; Fbj;jdq;fspd;


tiuglk; 67: khtl;l uPjpahf ghJfhg;gw;w FbePiug; gad;gLj;Jk;

Fbj;jdq;fspd; rjtPjq;fs; - 2012

Etnuypah khtl;lj;jpy; mikag; ngw;Ws;s E}w;Wf;F 33.2 rjtPjkhd Fbj;jdq;fs;

MW> Fsk; my;yJ XilfspypUe;J ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLk; ghJfhg;gw;w ePiu>

FbePuhfg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wd. (tiuglk; 67)

tstpw;Fs; ghJfhg;ghd

fpzW

31.4%

tstpw;F ntspNa

ghJghg;ghd fpzW

14.7%ghJfhg;gw;w

fpzW

4.0%

tPl;bw;Fs; ePu;f; Foha;

tstpw;Fs; ghJfhg;ghd

fpzW

21.1%

tPl;bw;F ntspNa

tstpw;Fs; ePu;f; Foha;

6.9%

tstpw;F ntspNa ePu;f;

Foha;

3.4%

fpuhkpa ePu;toq;fs;

cj;Njrj; jpl;lk;

9.2%

Foha; fpzW

3.4%

Vidait

1.4%

MW/Fsk;/mUtp

/Fl;il

4.6%

0.0

25.0

50.0

75.0nfhOk;G

fk;g`hfSj;Jiw

fz;b

khj;jis

Etnuypah

fhyp

khj;jiw

mk;ge;Njhl;il

aho;g;ghzk;

kd;dhu;

tTdpahKy;iyj;jPTfpspnehr;rp

kl;lf;fsg;G

mk;ghiw

jpUNfhzkiy

FUzhfy;

Gj;jsk;

mEuhjGuk;

nghyd;dWit

gJis

nkhduhfiy

,uj;jpdGupNffhiy


ngWfpd;wd> Mdhy; fpspnehr;rp khtl;lj;jpy; Njrpa fl;likg;gpypUe;J kpd;rhuj;ijg;

ngw;Wg; gad;gLj;Jk; Fbj;jdq;fs; E}w;Wf;Fg; 10 rjtPjj;jpYk; FiwthFk;.

ntspr;r%l;Lk; gpujhd khHf;fkhff; fpspnehr;rp kw;Wk; Ky;iyj;jPT khtl;lq;fspy; kz;nzz;nza;ia gad;gLj;jg;gLtJld; me;jr; rjtPjk; KiwNa E}w;Wf;F 78.9 kw;Wk; E}w;Wf;F 72.8 MFk;. mt;thNw fpspnehr;rp khtl;lj;jpd; Fbj;jdq;fspy; 11.1 rjtPjj;jpdH #upa rf;jpiag; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdH.

czT rikf;fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; vupnghUs; uPjpahf Fbj;jdq;fs;

tiuglk; 68: rikay; vupnghUs;

ghtid uPjpahf Fbj;jdq;fspd;

rjtPjg; guk;gy;

ngUk;ghd;ikahd Fbj;jdq;fs;

(78.4 rjtPjk;) gpujhd vupnghUshf

tpwifg; gad;gLj;JtJld; E}

w;Wf;F 18.5 rjtPjk; vupthAit

gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdH. nfhOk;G

khtl;lj;jpYs;s Fbj;jdq;fspy;

E}w;Wf;F 60.5 rjtPjk; vupthAitr;

rikaYf;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wH.

ntspr;r%l;Lk; %yj;jpw;fika Fbj; jdq;fs;

tpwF

78.4%

kz;nzz;nza;

18.5%

vupthA

2.5%Vidait

0.6%

kpd;rhuk; -Njrpa kpd;rf;jp

tiyaikg;G

87.0%

kz;nzz;nza;

12.2%

capupay;thA

0.6%Vidait

0.2%

0.0

25.0

50.0

75.0

100.0nfhOk;G

fk;g`h

fSj;Jiw

fz;b

khj;jis

Etnuypah

fhyp

khj;jiw

mk;ge;Njhl;il

aho;g;ghzk;

kd;dhu;

tTdpah

Ky;iyj;jPTfpspnehr;rp

kl;lf;fsg;G

mk;ghiw

jpUNfhzkiy

FUzhfy;

Gj;jsk;

mEuhjGuk;

nghyd;dWit

gJis

nkhduhfiy

,uj;jpdGup

Nffhiy

,yq;if

tiuglk; 69: gpujhd ntspr;r%l;Lk;

%yj;jpw;fika Fbj;jdq;fspd;


kpd;rhuk;> kz;nzz;nza; kw;Wk; #uparf;jp Mfpad gpujhd ntspr;r%l;Lk; %yq;fshf ehl;by; gad;gLj;jg; gLfpd;wd. ngUk;ghd;ikahd Fbj; jdq;fs; (87 rjtPjk;) ntspr;r%l;l kpd;rhuj;ij Njrpa fl;likg;gpypUe;J ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJld; E}w;Wf;F 12.2 rjtPjk; kz;nzz;nzia ,jw;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdH. mz;zsthf E}w;Wf;F 0.6 rjtPjf; Fbj;jdq;fs;

#uparf;jpia xspa+l;lg; gad; gLj;Jfpd;wdH (tiuglk; 69).

tiuglk; 70: khtl;l uPjpahf

ntspr;r%l;Ltjw;fhf Fbj;jdq;fs;

kpd;rhuj;ijg; (Njrpa fl;likg;Gfs;)

gad;gLj;Jk; rjtPjk; - 2012

tiuglk; 70 %yk; xt;nthU

khtl;lj;jpYk; Njrpa fl;likg;

gpypUe;J kpd;rhuj;ijg; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;Sk; Fbj;jdq;fspd; tpfpjhrhuk;

fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. nfhOk;G khtl;lj;jpd;

nkhj;jf; Fbj;jdq;fspy; E}w;Wf;F

97.7 rjtPjk; ntspr;r%l;Ltjw;fhf>

Njrpa fl;likg;gpypUe;J kpd;rhuj;ijg;


Fbj;jdq;fspd; kyry$l trjpfs;

ePuilg;G kyry$lq;fs; vkJ ehl;bd; Rfhjhug; ghJfhg;Gila kyry $lq;fs; MFk;.

ngUk;ghd;ikahd Fbj;jdq;fs; (76 rjtPjk;) jkf;Fupa gpuj;jpNafkhd ePuilg;G

kyry$lq;fisg; gad;gLj;JtJld; E}w;Wf;F 10 rjtPjkhd Fbj;jdq;fs; NtW

Fbj;jdq;fSld; NrHe;J ePuilg;G kyry$lq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdH.

ePuilg;G (fopTj; njhl;b) kw;Wk; ePubg;G kyry$lq;fis KiwNa 4.6 rjtPjk;

kw;Wk; 2.1 rjtPjkhd Fbj;jdq;fs; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wd. Neubahff; FopAld;

,izf;fg;gl;ltw;iw 2.6 rjtPjkhd Fbj;jdq;fs; ehl;by; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdH.

,yq;ifapy; mz;zsthf 1.7 rjtPjkhd Fbj;jdq;fs; ve;jnthU tifrhHe;j

kyry$lj;ijAk; gad;gLj;Jtjpy;iy. kyry $lj;ijg; gad;gLj;jhj mjpfkhd

Fbj;jdq;fs; fpspnehr;rp khtl;lj;jpy; (21.9 rjtPjk;) fhzg;gLtJld; Ky;iyj;jPT

(20.6 rjtPjk;) kw;Wk; kl;lf;fsg;G (12.5 rjtPjk;) Mfpa khtl;lq;fspYk; mjpf

tPjhrhuk; gjpthfpAs;sJ.

tiuglk; 71: FbapUg;Gg; gpupT uPjpahf Fbj;jdq;fspd; kyry$lg; ghtidapd;

rjtPjg; guk;gy;

mjw;fika efu kw;Wk; fpuhkg; gpupTfspy; E}w;Wf;F 85 rjtPjj;jpw;Fk; mjpfkhd

Fbj;jdq;fs; jq;fSf;Fupa gpuj;jpNafg; ghtidf;fhd kyry$lq;fisf;

nfhz;Ls;sd. ngUe;Njhl;lg; gpuptpy; E}w;Wf;F 73 rjtPj Fbj;jdq;fs; jkf;Fupa

gpuj;jpNaf kyry$lq;fisg; nfhz;Ls;sd. (tiuglk; 71)

jpz;kf; fopTfis mfw;Wtjd; mbg;gilapy; Fbj;jdq;fs;

jpz;kf; fopTfis mfw;Wtjpy; vupj;jy; (47.2 rjtPjk;) gpujhd Kiwahff;

fhzg;gLfpwJ. tiuglk; 72 ,w;fika 23.3 rjtPjkhd Fbj;jdq;fs; tPl;Lr;

#oypy; jpz;kf; fopTfis mfw;WtJld; 7.7 rjtPjkhdtHfs; jpz;kf; fopTfisg;

grisahf;FtjhfTk; fhl;LfpwJ. vt;thwhapDk;> Etnuypah khtl;lj;jpy; E}w;Wf;F

11.7 rjtPjkhd Fbj;jdq;fs; tPjp> MW> mUtp kw;Wk; fhLfspy; jpz;kf; fopTfis

tPRfpd;wd.

88.3 87.173.3

9.0 10.820.4

2.5 0.2 1.80.2 1.8 4.6

0

20

40

60

80

100


tpfpjhrhuk;

,f;Fbj;jdg; ghtidf;F khj;jpuk; NtW Fbj;jdj;jld; Nru;e;j ghtid nghJ kyry$lk; kyry$lk; gad;gLj;Jtjpy;iy


cs;@uhl;rp epWtdq; fspdhy; Nrfupj;jy;

20.5%

FbapUg ;ghsuhy; vupj;jy;

47.2%

FbapUg; ghsuhy;

tstpw;Fs; Gijj;jy;

23.3%

FbapUg; ghsuhy;

$l;Lg;gris jahupf;fg;gad;gLj;Jjy;

7.7%

Vidait

1.2%

68.978.3

42.4

78.9

155.6

0.40

25

50

75

100

thndhyp

njhiyf;fhl;rp

epiyahd njhiyNgrp

ifalf;fj; njhiyNgrp

Nkirf; fz

zp

kbf; fzz

p

njhiyefy; ,ae;jpuk;

rjtPjk;

tiuglk; 72: jpz;kf; fopTfis mfw;Wk; gpujhd Kiw uPjpahf

Fbj;jdq;fspd; rjtPjg; guk;gy; - 2012

cs;@uhl;;rp rigfs; efug; gpuNjrq;fspy; jpz;kf; fopTfis mfw;Wtjpy; (efu rig Nghd;w) Kf;fpa gq;fhw;Wfpd;wd. ,e;j Kiwikia E}w;Wf;F 20.5 tPjkhd Fbj;jdq;fs; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wd. Rw;wh liyg; NgZtjw;F cjTk; fhuzj;jpdhy; jpz;kf; fopTfis mfw;Wk; Kiw kw;Wk; tpidj;jpwd;fs; ,q;F fye;Jiuahlg;gLk; Vida Kiwfis tpl kpf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. nfhOk;G khtl;lj;jpd; (68.8 rjtPjk;) jpz;kf; fopTfis mfw;Wk; gpujhd Kiwahf> cs;@

uhl;rp mjpfhurigfs; Kf;fpa gq;;F tfpf;fpd;wd. mk;ghiwapy; mz;zsthf 41.1 rjtPjkhd Fbj;jdq;fSk; kw;Wk; kl;lf;fsg;gpy; 40 rjtPjkhd Fbj;jdq;fSk;>

cs;@uhl;rp epWtdq;fs; ClhfNt jpz;kf; fopTfis mfw;Wfpd;wd.

njhiyj;njhlHG trjpfs;

tiuglk; 73: fpilf;ff;$ba> njhiyj;njhlHG trjpfs; uPjpahf

Fbj;jdq;fspd; rjtPjq;fs;

,yq;ifapd; Fbj;j

dq;fSs; thndhyp>

njhiyf;fhl;rp> epiy

ahd njhiyNgrp>

ifalf;fj; njhiy

Ngrp> Nkirf; fzpdp>

kbf; fzpdp kw;Wk;

njhiyefy; ,ae;jpuk;

Mfpatw;iw nfhz;

Ls;s Fbj;jdq;fspd;

tpjhrhuq;fs; KiwNa

68.9> 78.3> 42.4> 78.9>

15.0> 5.6> kw;Wk; 0.4

MFk;.

Vida khtl;lq;fSld; xg;gpLk;NghJ fpspnehr;rp khtl;lj;jpy; njhiyf;fhl;rpiaf;

nfhz;Ls;s Fbj;jdq;fspd; tPjhrhuk; kpff;Fiwthff; (14.0) fzg;gLfpd;wJ.

(tiuglk; 74).

ehl;bd; Vida khtl;lq;fSld; xg;gpLifapy; nfhOk;G khtl;lk; njhiyj;njhlHG

rhjdq;fisg; Nghd;W fzpdp ,ae;jpuq;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjpYk; caHe;j

kl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ. (tiuglk; 75 kw;Wk; 76).


tiuglk; 74: khtl;l uPjpahf fpilf;ff;$ba> njhiyf;fhl;rp kw;Wk; thndhyp

trjpfs; - 2012

tiuglk; 75: khtl;l uPjpahf fpilf;ff;$ba> njhiyNgrp trjpfs; - 2012

tiuglk; 76: khtl;l uPjpahf fpilf;ff;$ba> fzpdp trjpfs; - 2012

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0nfhOk;G

fk;g`hfSj;Jiw

fz;b

khj;jis

Etnuypah

fhyp

khj;jiw

mk;ge;Njhl;il

aho;g;ghzk;

kd;dhu;tTdpah

Ky;iyj;jPTfpspnehr;rpkl;lf;fsg;G

mk;ghiw

jpUNfhzkiy

FUzhfy;

Gj;jsk;

mEuhjGuk;

nghyd;dWit

gJis

nkhduhfiy

,uj;jpdGupNffhiy

epiyahd njhiyNgrp ifalf;fj; njhiyNgrp

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0nfhOk;G

fk;g`hfSj;Jiw

fz;b

khj;jis

Etnuypah

fhyp

khj;jiw

mk;ge;Njh…

aho;g;ghzk;

kd;dhu;


kl;lf;fsg;G

mk;ghiw

jpUNfhz…

FUzhfy;

Gj;jsk;

mEuhjGuk;

nghyd;dW…

gJis

nkhduhfiy

,uj;jpdGupNffhiy

Nkirf; fzzp kbf; fzzp

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0nfhOk;G

fk;g`hfSj;Jiw

fz;b

khj;jis

Etnuypah

fhyp

khj;jiw

mk;ge;Njhl;il

aho;g;ghzk;

kd;dhu;


kl;lf;fsg;G

mk;ghiw

jpUNfhzkiy

FUzhfy;

Gj;jsk;

mEuhjGuk;

nghyd;dWit

gJis

nkhduhfiy

,uj;jpdGupNffhiy

thndhyp njhiyf;fhl;rp

rdj;njhif njhlHghd

rthy;fs;> gpur;rpidfs;

kw;Wk; cgha khHf;fq;fs;


efuhf;fk;

,yq;ifapy; “efuhf;fk;” njhlHghfg; NghJkhd tiutpyf;fzq;fs; ,d;ikahy; efug;

gpuNjrq;fisr; rupahf milahsk; fhz KbahJs;sJ. jw;NghJ ,yq;ifapy; khefu

rigfs; (MC) kw;Wk; efu rigfspd; (UC) fPo; cs;slq;Fk; gpuNjrk; efug; gpuNjrq;fs;

vd milahsg;gLj;jg;gLk;. efuhf;fj;jpw;fhd tiutpyf;fzq;fs; mbf;fb khw;wk;

nra;ag;gLtjdhy; rpy efuq;fspy; efuhf;fj; jd;ik Vw;gl;Ls;sJld; khefu rig kw;Wk;

efu rigfSf;F ntspapy; mikag; ngw;Ws;s efuhf;fj; jd;ik nfhz;l mjpfkhd

gpuNjrq;fs; ,d;Dk; fpuhkpag; gpuNjrq;fshfNt milahsg;gLj;jgLfpd;wd. Mifahy;

epUthfj; Njitfis kl;Lk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;shJ rdj;njhifapd; ,yl;rzq;fis

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l Gjpa tiutpyf;fzk; “efuhf;fj;ijr;” rupahf milahsk;

fhz;gjw;F mtrpakhFk;.

,yq;ifapd; efuhf;fj;jpw;Fs; cs;slq;Fk; ngUk;ghyhd gpuNjrq;fs; Nky; khfhzj;jpw;F

cupajhFk;. efuhf;fk; njhlHghd tiutpyf;fzj;ijj; jpUj;jk; nra;jhy; ghupasthd

efuhf;fk; Nky; khfhz efuhf;fj;jpDs; Kjd;ik epiyia miltjw;F tha;g;Gs;sJ.

Nky; khfhzj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; Rfhjhuk;> fy;tp> tHj;jf eltbf;iffs; kw;Wk; epUthf

trjpfs; fhuzkhd ngUk;ghyhdtHfs; ,e;j khfhzj;ij tpUk;Gfpd;wdH. murhq;fk;

ehL G+uhfTk; guk;gpf; fhzg;gLk; xd;Wld; xd;W njhlHGila efuq;fis ,izj;J

efu tiyaikg;ig epUkhzpj;J mjd; %yk; fpuhkpa kf;fSf;Fk; ,e;j efu trjpfis

mz;ikapy; nfhz;L NrHf;Fk; nfhs;if Ntiyj; jpl;lj;jpid Muk;gpj;Js;sJ. jw;NghJ

fhzg;gLk; gpujhd efuq;fSk; mjw;Fr; rkkhf mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk;. efuhf;fj;jpd;

Vw;wj; jho;Tfis gbg;gbahf ePf;fp efuhf;fj; jpl;lq;fis jahupj;jy; kw;Wk; Rfhjhug;

ghJfhg;G kpf;f tifapy; efuj;ij tpUj;jp nra;jy; njhlHghf tpNrl mtjhdj;ijr;

nrYj;jp mt;thwhd nfhs;iffisr; nraw;gLj;jp NkYk; tYg;gLj;j Ntz;bAs;sJ.

jpUkzk; kw;Wk; fUtsk;

,yq;ifapy; Mz;fs; kw;Wk; ngz;fs; jpUkzk; nra;Ak; jpUkzk; nra;Ak; taJ

Fiwtile;Js;sJld; mJ ngz;fspd; njhopy;gilf;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;tJ

njhlHgpy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. jpUkzk; nra;Ak; taJ

Fiwtile;Js;sjd; fhuzhff; fUtsk; mjpfupj;Js;sJld; mJ khw;wPl;Lf; fUts

kl;lj;jpid tpl (Replacement level) mjpfupj;Js;sJ. epfo;fhy kf;fspay; #oypy;

Fiwe;j taJj; jpUkzq;fs; mjpfupj;jy; mjhtJ ,isa jpUkzq;fspd; mjpfupg;ghdJ

fUtsk; mjpfupj;jy; njhlHgpy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ.

khw;wPl;Lf; fUts kl;lk; mjhtJ nkhj;jf; fUts tPjhrhuk; (nghJthf

ngz;nzhUtUf;F ,U gps;isfs; fhzg;gLk; - TFR= 2.1) kl;lj;jpid 2000 ,y;

mile;J nfhs;tjw;fhf muR Kjd; Kiwahf 1991 ,y; rdj;njhif gpurtr; Rfhjhuf;

nfhs;if xd;iwj; jahupj;jJ. me;jf; nfhs;ifapid mKy;gLj;jpajd; ngWNgwhf

,yq;ifr; rdj;njhifapd; me;j gputrr; Rfhjhuf; nfhs;iffspy; mgptpUj;jp

Vw;gl;Ls;sJld; mjd; juj;jpYk; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ.

2012 njhifkjpg;G ehl;bd; nkhj;jf; fUtsk; rpW mstpdhy; mjpfupj;Js;sij

fhl;Lfpd;wJ. Mdhy; caH fy;tpj; jifikAila ngz;fSf;Fg; gpwe;Js;s

Foe;ijfspd; vz;zpf;ifapd; ruhrupg; ngWkjp Fiwe;j fy;tpj; jifikiaf; nfhz;l

ngz;fistplf; FiwT vd;gijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,t;thW Vw;glg; fhuzk; Ntiy

nra;Ak; ngz;fSf;F jkJ Foe;ijfisg; guhkupg;gjw;Fupa trjpfs; Fiwthff;

fhzg;gLtjhf ,Uf;fyhk;. ,jw;fika caHe;j fy;tpawpT nfhz;l ngz;fspd;

mwpT kw;Wk; Mw;wypdhy; ehl;bw;Fg; gaDs;s Nritia toq;f nefpo;Tila Ntiy


kzpj;jpahyq;fs; (Flexi hours)> tPl;bypUe;jthNw Ntiy nra;tjw;fhd trjpfs;

Nghd;w Gjpa khw;W eltbf;iffs; milahsk; fhzg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

rdj;njhif KJikailjy;

njw;fhrpa tya ehLfSs; tpiuthf KJikailAk; rdj;njhif thOk; ehlhf

,yq;if fhzg;gLtJld; vjpHtUk; rpy jrhg;jq;fSs; KJikailAk; Ntfk; NkYk;

mjpfupf;ff; $ba tha;g;Gf;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,t;thW rdj;njhif Ntfkhf

KJikailtjhy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f r%f kw;Wk; nghUshjhug; gpur;rpidfSf;F

,yq;if Kfq;nfhLf;f NeupLk;. KjpNahiug; guhkupj;jy; njhlHghf tpNrl ftdk;

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tha;g;Gf;fs; fhzg;gLtJ njspthfpd;wJ. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf KJikr; rdj;njhif

clypay; kw;Wk; cstpay; ,lHghLfSf;F Kfq;nfhLf;Fk; Mgj;J epiyAk; mjpfkhff;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. KJikr; rdj;njhif clypay; kw;Wk; cstpay; ,lHghLfSf;F

Kfq;nfhLf;Fk; mtjhd epiy mjpfnkd;gjhy; FLk;gk; kw;Wk; r%fk; mtHfs;

njhlHgpy; tpNrl ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. njhopy;gil kw;Wk; mjd; cw;gj;jpj; jpwd;

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njhlHgpy; murhq;fj;ijg; Nghd;W FLk;gq;fSf;Fk; ghupa nrytpid Nkw;nfhs;s

Ntz;ba epiyNaw;gl;Ls;sJ.

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nraw;ghl;bid tYg;gLj;j KbAk;.

KjpNahUf;fhff; fhzg;gLk; itj;jpa rpfpr;ir epiyaq;fSf;fhd trjpfis

NkYk; caHj;jy;

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ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jy; kw;Wk; KjpNahiug; guhkupj;jy; njhlHgpy; mtHfSf;Fs;s

nghWg;Gf;fs; gw;wp njhlHr;rpahf njspTgLj;jy;

KjpNahiuj; njhopypy; <LgLj;Jtjw;fhd fhy vy;iyia NkYk; mjpfupg;gjd;

%yk; mtHfSf;fhd Ntiy tha;g;Gf;fis mjpfupj;jy;

r%fj;jpd; ey;tho;Tf;fhfj; jkJ tho;f;if %yk; gad;kpf;f Nritia

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tha;g;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; gapw;rpfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jy;

r%fj;jpy; jdpikg;gLj;jg;gLk; KJikaile;j tpjitfSf;fhf murhq;fk;


tpNrl ftdk; nrYj;jy;

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kf;fspay; ntFkjpfspd; gaidf; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sy;

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ngz;fspd; fy;tp eltbf;iffs; njhlHgpy; tpNrl mtjhdk; nrYj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;.

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mjpfupg;gjw;Fj; Njitahd tha;g;Gf;fis tpupthf;fpf; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.

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mlHj;jp gjpthfpAs;sJ. Mifahy; Nky; khfhzj;jpw;F rdj;njhif FbngaHtijf;

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FbngaHfpd;wdH.

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jpl;lkply;fs; njhlHgpy; mtjhdj;ijr; nrYj;j Ntz;bAs;sJ.


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nrYj;j Ntz;bAs;sJ.

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gw;whf;Fiw Vw;gLtjw;F tha;g;Gz;L.

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nlq;F Nghd;w Rfhjhuk; njhlHghd gpur;rpidfisf; Fiwj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf ehl;bDs;


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