FBI National Academy Associate March/April 2012

THE MAGAZINE OF THE FBI NATIONAL ACADEMY

ASSOCIATES

M A RC H / A P R I L 2012 • VO LU M E 14 , N U M B E R 2

CONFESSIONS, LIES AND GETTINGA CONVICTION

SOCIETY DEMANDS NOTHING LESSSUPER COP

PLU S:

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w w w. f b i n a a . o r g 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FEATURES

COLUMNS

12Let Them TalkWith the right approach, you can get suspects to tell you the truth and confess.Lyman T. Moores II

16Can the Public Trust Personal Portable Breath Testers?Some drinkers buy these devices to determine if they are sober enough to drive, but tests show they may be misled.Mark Willingham

6 Association PerspectiveNew Times, New DigsDiane Scanga

23 Message from our ChaplainForgive YourselfCome to terms with your past transgressions to move on and fully embrace life. Billy Gibson

24 Staying on the Yellow Brick RoadFitness Flashback: The 10 x 10 This oldie but goodie circuit training workout slowly builds to incorporate multiple repetitions of a wide range of exercises. John Van Vorst

EACH ISSUE

AD INDEX

2 Executive Board 8 Strategic Alliances10 Chapter Chat

20Truth, Justice, and the American WayYou have to become a super cop; society demands nothing less.Ross L. Riggs

12

MARCH / APRIL 2012 • VOLUME 14 / ISSUE 2

A S S O C I A T E

IFC 5.11 Tactical Series 2 Regis University 3 Purdue 4 University of Mississippi Division of Outreach 4 Tele-Lite, Inc. 5 Justice Federal Credit Union 7 Troy University 9 American Military University 18 BLI, Inc. 19 DeSantis Holsters 22 Trident University IBC Taser International BC Verizon Wireless

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http://www.fbinaa.org

2 M A RC H / A P R I L 2012

A degree in criminology from Regis University takes the study

of criminal behavior to a higher level. Our programs add the

latest research and analytical insight into the criminal mind

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criminal behavior.

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REGIS UNIVERSITY CRIMINOLOGY PROGRAMS

RESEARCH

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INVESTIGATION

TRADITIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE PROGRAMS

CRIMINALS ARE SMART. BE SMARTER.

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Online or on-campus | Several start dates per year

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Regis University is a regionally accredited, 130 year old Jesuit institution in

Denver, CO. Regis has been recognized as a national leader in education for

adults and we are committed to programs that are accessible and affordable.

Association President—Diane ScangaCaptain/Academy Director, Director of Public Safety Services,Jefferson College (MO)[email protected]

Association Past President—Matt RaiaCommander (retired), Westminster Police Department (CO)[email protected]

1st Vice President, Section III—Doug MuldoonChief, Palm Bay Police Department (FL)[email protected]

2nd Vice President, Section IV—Laurie CahillDetective Lieutenant, Ocean County Sheriff’s Department (NJ)[email protected]

3rd Vice President–Section I—Joe GaylordProtective Services Manager, Central Arizona Project (AZ)[email protected]

EXECUTIVE BOARD

Representative, Section I—Johnnie AdamsSupport Operations Commander, University of California Los Angeles Police Department (CA)[email protected]

Representative, Section II—Barry ThomasCaptain and Chief Deputy, Story County Sheriff’s Offi ce (IA)[email protected]

Representative, Section III—Joey ReynoldsManager, G4S Police Department (NC)[email protected]

Representative, Section IV—Scott DumasCaptain, Rochester Police Department (NH)[email protected]

Chaplain—William C. GibsonDirector (retired), S.C. Criminal, Justice Academy (SC)[email protected]

Historian—Terrence (Terry) LucasLaw Enforcement Coordinator, U.S. Attorne y-Central District (IL)[email protected]

FBI Unit Chief—Greg CappettaNational Academy Unit (VA)[email protected]

Executive Director–Steve TidwellFBI NAA, Inc. Executive Offi ce (VA)[email protected]

The Magazine of the FBI National Academy AssociatesA S S O C I A T E

“Continuing Growth Through Training and Education”

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mailto:[email protected]













To aid in the prevention of prescription drug abuse and diversion

FREE Professional Educational Programs

Presented by Experienced Former Officers

Training – Topics include preventing and investigatingprescription drug diversion; scams against physicians; pharmacyscams; investigating criminal prescribers; and pain topics anddefinitions related to the use of opioids for the treatment of pain.

Placebos – Identical to real controlled substances manufacturedby Purdue Pharma, but contain no controlled substances.Theiruse is restricted to criminal investigations.

Educational Materials – Drug ID cards with full-color,actual-size photographs of the mostcommonly abused prescriptiondrugs, according to the NationalAssociation of Drug DiversionInvestigators. Educational brochureson preventing prescription drugabuse for law enforcement officers todistribute to pharmacies, physiciansand hospitals, includes how to spotand deal with scammers.

Anti-Crime Program – RxPATROL® (Rx Pattern AnalysisTracking Robberies and Other Losses) is designed to assist lawenforcement efforts to apprehend and prosecute pharmacyrobbers and scammers, as well as to help protect pharmacies.Using a web-based program RxPATROL collects, collates andanalyzes information from pharmacy theft reports across theU.S. The RxPATROL website – www.rxpatrol.org - has linksto the National Association of Drug Diversion Investigators andto the National Community Pharmacists’Association.

All of these programs are providedat no cost. We do not promote anycompany’s products. Our soleobjective is to provide informationthat supports law enforcement tohelp keep prescription drugs out ofthe hands of criminals, in order toensure that they are available forpatients with real medical needs.

The Purdue Pharma Law Enforcement Liaison and Education Unit, which is staffed by retired law enforcement officials, provides FREE educational materials, as well as drug identification cards and placebos for “reverse sting” undercover operations.

For more information, contact the Law Enforcement Liaison and Education Unit

at 203-588-7281

Purdue Pharma L.P.One Stamford Forum, Stamford, CT 06901-3431

Fax 203-588-6035 • E-mail: [email protected]

© 2008, Purdue Pharma L.P. C7709-C 8/08

Forged andAltered

Prescriptions

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http://www.rxpatrol.org


4 M A RC H / A P R I L 2012

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On The Cover: Super CopCitizens expect every law enforcement offi cer to essentially

meet the standards of Superman, fi ghting for truth, justice, and the American way. But cops demand just as much from themselves.

The National Academy Associate is a publicationof the FBI National Academy Associates, Inc.

Steve Tidwell / Executive Director/Managing Editor Ashley R. Sutton / Communications Manager

© Copyright 2012, the FBI National Academy Associates, Inc. Reproduction of any part of this magazine without express written permission is strictly prohibited.

The National Academy Associate is published bi-monthly by the FBI National Academy Associates, Inc., National Executive Offi ce, FBI Academy, Quantico, VA 22135; phone: (703) 632-1990, fax: (703) 632-1993. The FBI National Academy Associates, Inc. is a private, non-profi t organization and is not part of the Federal Bureau of Investigation or acting on the FBI’s behalf.

Editorial submissions should be e-mailed to Ashley Sutton at [email protected]. Submissions may vary in length from 500-2,000 words, and shall not be submitted simultaneously to other publications.

The FBI National Academy Associates, Inc., the Executive Board and the editors of the National Academy Associate neither endorse nor guarantee completeness or accuracy of material used that is obtained from sources considered reliable, nor accept liability resulting from the adoption or use of any methods, procedures, recommendations, or statements recommended or implied.

Photographs are obtained from stock for enhancement of editorial content, but do not necessarily represent the editorial content within.

DEADLINES Issue Editorial Deadline Mail Date Jan/Feb 12/10 1/30 Mar/Apr 2/10 3/30 May/Jun 4/10 5/30 Jul/Aug 6/10 7/30 Sep/Oct 8/10 9/30 Nov/Dec 10/10 11/30

ADVERTISING CONTACTSLeslie Pfeiffer (West)

(480) 367-1101 · [email protected]

Susan Freel (East)(920) 397-7570 · [email protected]

Lori Branch · Production Manager(310) 533-2516 · [email protected]

M A RC H/A PR I L 2 012VO L U M E 14 ★ N U M B E R 2

www.outreach.olemiss.edu/CJ

The University of Mississippi

Master of Science in Criminal

Justice Executive Cohortr��5PQJDT�JODMVEF�IPNFMBOE�TFDVSJUZ �

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6 M A RC H / A P R I L 2012

ASSOCIATION PERSPECTIVE

BY THE TIME this issue of The Associate lands on your desk, the February Chap-

ter Presidents and Secretary/Treasurers meeting at Quantico will be a memory. The chapter offi cers meet annually to learn and share how to make chapters stronger, mem-bership more valuable, and how to strength-en our Association as a whole. There is time to learn new databases, look at the fi nances, get legal advice for the Association, and, of course, rekindle those NA ties.

The meeting focused on the need for the executive board, chapters, and members to cooperatively run our organization more ef-fi ciently, effectively, and thoughtfully. This year the message included our reality that the NAA executive offi ce and store are leaving the confi nes and generosity of the Academy. This move has been discussed and the executive offi ce has been planning for this challenge since being advised last Fall. The FBI Academy has been a gracious host for many, many years, but now we need to stand on our own as the Association of the nearly 18,000 members that we are.

As exciting as this news is, like any change, we recognize that relocating to an offi ce off base will move us out of our com-fort zone until we make the new space our new comfort zone. The pending move presents us with opportunities to grow and expand the amazing groundwork and organizational base that the executive offi ce staff and our members have achieved. The existing NAA executive offi ce has been limited by the space available at the Academy. Often projects and opportunities to grow were missed because we just did not have any more room for property, people, or equipment to take on another project. Imagine the possibilities now!

The executive offi ce staff is an incredible team who are ap-proaching the move like they have approached every new chal-lenge (opportunity), with energy that is unparalleled. The ex-ecutive board committee chairs and those NAA members who have stepped up to volunteer on the committees will be work-ing with the executive offi ce during the year to help in any way that we can.

BENEFITS—USE ’EM OR LOSE ’EMThis move will not change the current projects that the execu-tive offi ce staff and the committees are working on to continue to build membership and add value for you, the member. The Membership Benefi ts and Services Committee works with the executive offi ce to identify and secure discounts and savings opportunities for you, the member. The Training Committee has secured scholarships for your kids and grandkids.

The catch? The benefi ts and level of discounts are based on the volume of members who actually take advantage of the dis-count offers and coupon codes. Members have been polled to

better identify what members wants to add value to the membership. These benefi ts are listed on www.fbinaa.org and, new this year, benefi ts are also listed on the back of your annual member card.

As the executive offi ce and the Executive Board continue to identify ways to add val-ue to your membership—you only need to take advantage of the opportunities to save. Before you book a hotel—check the back of your membership card. Renting a car? Check your membership card. Have insur-ance needs? Check your membership card…Notice a theme? Benefi ts include credit cards from JFCU and discounts on products and merchandise. A couple of clicks with

your mouse or a few minutes to check your membership card could save you dollars and strengthen our association’s bar-gaining power for other vendors.

POWER IN NUMBERSPower in numbers seems so simple, but is it? Consider “power in coordinated numbers.” Numbers are good, lots of numbers even better, but numbers working in concert, toward a com-mon goal, accessing the same resources, are even better. Our bargaining power increases and the potential for savings to you increases with it.

The chapter offi cers attending the annual Chapter Presi-dents and Secretary/Treasurers meeting in Quantico saw fi rsthand how hard the executive offi ce and executive board work to support the chapters. Sharing the money that the NAA earns from merchandise, the offi ce is taking on more re-sponsibility for membership renewal, and pricing items with vendors at great savings to the members and the chapters.

What have you done for the Association? Be active in your chapter. Bring back a member who has let his or her member-ship lapse. Use your member benefi ts. Buy from vendors we partner with for chapter events. Support the Association with the same zeal that the Association supports you! ■ F B IN A A

Diane Scanga

DEAR FELLOW FBINAA MEMBERS,

Diane Scanga, 2012 President

Sincerely,

New Times, New Digs

DIANE SCANGA

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Our earliest students came to TROY to

learn how to help others. Today, our

degree programs continue to attract

those looking for careers shaping a life

of service... such as law enforcement.

If it is in your nature to contribute to

the greater community, you’ll find a

culture here that knows how to nurture

that spirit. Troy University is not for

everybody... it is for those who want to

become somebody.

Educate the mind to think, the heart to feel, the body to act.- TROY Motto 1887

T H E C A L L I N G TO S E RV E

THE WILL

TO LEAD

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Deputy Chief Stephanie Burch

Troy University Alumna

“Ranked Among Top Schools in the Nation” - Forbes Magazine“One of the Best in the Southeast” - Princeton Review

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American Military University

10110 Battleview Pky., Ste. 114Manassas, VA 20109

(703) 396-6437www.amuonline.com

Bethel University2900 Lebanon Pike, Suite 210

Nashville, TN 37214(855) 202-6385

www.bethelcj.edu

Capella University5705 Harpers Farm Road, Suite B

Columbia, MD 21044-2555(410) 772-0829

www.capella.edu/fbinaa

Kaplan University6301 Kaplan University Ave.Fort Lauderdale, FL 33309

(866) 229-5944www.fbinaa.kaplan.edu

St. Cloud State University720 Fourth Avenue South

St. Cloud, MN 56301(320) 308-0121

www.stcloudstate.edu

Saint Leo UniversityP.O. Box 6665

Saint Leo, FL 33574-6665(813) 310-4365

www.saintleo.edu

Strayer University8540 Cinder Bed Rd., Ste 1750

Newington, VA 22122(703) 283-5724

www.strayer.edu

Trident University5665 Plaza Dr., 3rd Floor

Cypress, CA 90630(714) 816-0366 x2019

www.tuiu.edu

Troy University100 University Park

Troy, AL 36082(334) 670-5672

www.troy.edu/partnerships/fbinaa

University of MarylandUniversity College

3501 University Boulvard EastAdelphi, MD 20783

(301) 985-7542www.umuc.edu

University of Oaklahoma

College of Liberal Studies1610 Asp St.

Norman, OK 73072(800) 522-4389

[email protected]

Upper Iowa UniversityP.O. Box 1861

Fayette, IA 52142(888) 877-3742www.uiu.edu

Walden University650 South Exeter Street

Baltimore, MD 21202858.705.4165

www.waldenu.edu

8 M A RC H / A P R I L 2012

5.11 Tactical Series4300 Spyres Way, Modesto, CA 95356(209) 527-4511/Fax: (209) 527-1511 • www.511tactical.com

Taser International, Inc.7860 E. McClain Drive, Suite 2, Scottsdale, AZ 85260(800) 978-2737 • www.taser.com

STRATEGIC ALLIANCES ACADEMIC ALLIANCES

CORPORATE ALLIANCES

i21430 Spring Hill Road, Suite 600McLean, Virginia 22102(703) 921-0195 • (888) 546-5242www.i2group.com/us

University of Phoenix3157 E. Elwood St.Phoenix, AZ 85034(866) 766-0766www.phoenix.edu

Verizon WirelessOne Verizon Way, Baskingridge, NJ 07920(800) 295-1614 • www.verizonwireless.com

Justice Federal Credit Union5175 Parkstone Drive, Suite 200, Chantilly, VA 20151800-550-JFCU • www.jfcu.org

Innovative Data Solutions, Inc.200 E. Robinson St., Suite 525, Orlando, FL 32801800-749-5104 • www.imagineids.com

Shell Oil CompanyShell Corporate Security, One Shell Plaza910 Louisana StreetHouston, TX 77002www.shell.com

The Response NetworkP.O. Box 5520Hanover, New Hampshire 03755www.theresponsenetwork

United Parcel Service55 Glenlake Pkwy, NE.Atlanta, GA 30328www.ups.com

A Strategic Ally and the offi cial wireless provider of the FBINAA

Premier Ally and the Offi cial Electronic Control Device (ECD) provider of the FBINAA

A Strategic Ally and the Offi cial VISA of the FBINAA

A Strategic Ally of the FBINAA

A Strategic Ally of the FBINAA

A Strategic Academic Ally

Strategic Ally and the “Offi cial Supplier of Authentic Tactical

Apparel and Gear” to the FBINAA

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http://www.amuonline.com

http://www.bethelcj.edu

http://www.capella.edu/fbinaa

http://www.fbinaa.kaplan.edu

http://www.stcloudstate.edu

http://www.saintleo.edu

http://www.strayer.edu

http://www.tuiu.edu

http://www.troy.edu/partnerships/fbinaa

http://www.umuc.edu

http://[email protected]

http://www.uiu.edu

http://www.waldenu.edu

http://www.verizonwireless.com

http://www.taser.com

http://www.511tactical.com

http://www.jfcu.org

http://www.imagineids.com

http://www.i2group.com/us

http://www.phoenix.edu

http://www.shell.com

http://www.ups.com

http://www.theresponsenetwork

“I LOOKED TO A LEADER.AMU is where experience and academics intersect.”

Chief Joel Hurliman | Graduate, School of Public Service & Health

AMU stands shoulder-to-shoulder with the law enforcement

community. As a 32-year police veteran and retired Army National

Guard Master Sergeant, Chief Hurliman knows it takes street

smarts and book smarts to address today’s complex public safety

challenges. He joined AMU based on academic partnerships

such as the FBI National Academy, faculty who have worn the

badge, and a community of like-minded peers, each dedicated to

protecting and serving our nation.

Learn More at www.PublicSafetyatAMU.com/associate-mag

Art & Humanities | Business | Education | Management | Public Service & Health | Science & Technology | Security & Global Studies

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http://www.PublicSafetyatAMU.com/associate-mag

10 M A RC H / A P R I L 2012

CHAPTER CHAT

CALIFORNIA★ The Los Angeles Division fi nished the year with our annual holiday party at The Grand in Long Beach, Calif. This festive event included for the fi rst time a joint venture between the FBI National Academy Associates and the local Los Angeles Division of the Society of Former Agents. Our featured speaker was Assistant Director in Charge of the Los Angeles Offi ce, Steve Martinez. Steve did a wonderful job giving us an overview of threats in our area. Additionally, six representatives of the 23rd Regiment, 4th Division of the United States Marine Corps were on hand as we participated in their annual Toys for Tots toy drive. The combined organizations donated more than 200 new toys to needy children throughout the Southern California area.

★ California welcomes two new board mem-bers to this year’s executive board. Lt. Russell McKinney of the UCLA Police Department, Session 240, will be the new vice president of the Los Angeles Division and Chief Jim Smith of the Monterey Park Police Department, Ses-sion 214, will be the new training manager/webmaster.

★ At their Fall meeting, the executive board authorized a donation of $5,000 to the

FBINAA Charitable Foundation, becoming a gold sponsor of this worthwhile effort.

★ In January, Ken Melgoza, Session 240, was appointed as the chief investigator for the San Joaquin County District Attorney’s DAI BureauMembers of the California Chapter were sad-dened by the passing of a respected and won-derful colleague on December 29, 2011. John Wilbanks, retired LAPD captain III and a grad-uate of Session 104, was a past president and secretary/treasurer for the California Chapter. He will be sorely missed.

CONNECTICUT★ On Dec. 2, 2011, several FBI NA Grads from the Connecticut State Police were promoted by Col. Danny R. Stebbins. Sarah Bruso, Ses-sion 215; Brian McLean, Session 220; Michael Darcy, Session 234; Alaric Fox, Session 238; and Regina Rush-Kittle, Session 244, were all promoted to major. Dale P. Hourigan, Session 209, was promoted to captain.

EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA★ John R. Bailey, Session 223, recently retired from the Tredyffrin Township Police Depart-ment in Berwyn, Pa., on Dec. 1, 2011, after serving for more than 34 years. He retired as a detective sergeant. On Dec. 29, he was

sworn in as a magisterial district judge for court in Exton, Pa., after a November election victory.

FLORIDA★ In October, Mark C. Schrader, Session 232, was promoted to chief deputy and Tim Leth-bridge, Session 246, was promoted to captain; both serve with the Highlands County Sheriff’s Offi ce in Sebring, Fla.

★ The second in command at the Flagler County Sheriff’s Offi ce, Chief Deputy Rick Look, Session 176, has been placed on perma-nent disability leave. Look, 63, announced that he has a heart condition. Maj. David O’Brien, Session 229, has been serving as acting chief deputy and will continue in that position.

ILLINOIS★ As of May 16, 2012, Donald V. Norton com-pletes his fi fty-second consecutive year in law enforcement. He retired from the Illinois State Police as a captain and is currently employed as a federal investigator with the United States Attorney’s Offi ce, Northern Illinois, in Chicago. Prior to entering public service he was the Chief Investigator, Corporate Security, Montgomery Ward and Company. Don served during hostilities in the Korean War as a staff sergeant with the 1st Marine Division, Inchon Sector. He subsequently received a direct commission in the U.S. Army, Military Police Corps, was called to active duty during the Vietnam War, then after 40 years of reserve and active duty he retired from the military at the rank of colonel.

KANSAS/WESTERN MISSOURI★ Gary Steed, Session 231, former sheriff of the Sedgwick County (Kan.) Sheriff’s Offi ce, was appointed to the prestigious post of Act-ing Executive Director of Kansas Commission of Law Enforcement Standards and Training (KS-CPOST) by Gov. Sam Brownback. Gary succeeds Steven Culp, Session 195.

★ On Dec. 1, the executive board met and held an orientation meeting with the Kansas/Western Missouri Chapter selectees attending Session 248. A Chapter-hosted luncheon for the attendees followed.

★ On Dec. 1, President Scott Rhoad present-ed Past President Randy Adair with a chapter

The intent of this column is to communicate chapter news. Announcements may include items of interest, such as member news, section activities, events, training calendar, special programs, etc. Refer to the editorial submission deadline, particularly with date-sensitive announcements.

Submit chapter news and high-resolution digital jpg or tif photos with captions to: Ashley Sutton, Editor, FBINAA, Inc., at [email protected]: (302) 644-4744 • fax (302) 644-7764

Kansas/Western Missouri: (L-R) Undersheriff Michael Stover, Sedgwick County (Kan.) Sheriff’s Offi ce; Un-dersheriff Herman T. Jones, Shawnee County (Kan.) Sheriff’s Offi ce; Capt. Steve James, Olathe (Kan.) Police Department; Maj. Wayne Stewart, Kansas City (Mo.) Police Department; and Capt. Donald Stubbings Jr., Kansas State University Police Department

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gavel and plaque for his exemplary service as chapter president in 2010.

★ On Dec. 14, a memorial service was held for Trooper Frederick F. Guthrie Jr. of the Missouri State Highway Patrol, who on Aug. 1, 2011, was swept away by turbulent fl ood water near Big Lake. His K-9, Reed, was recovered two days later; however, Trooper Guthrie was locat-ed, on January 12, 2012, after a massive recov-ery effort by the Missouri State Highway Patrol, with the assistance of several agencies and community volunteers. A check in the amount of $1,500 from the Verizon Wireless/FBI National Academy Associ-ates Fallen Offi cer Fund was presented to Mrs. Teresa Guthrie, along with a letter of con-dolence from Mr. Gabe Esposito, director of Verizon’s Corporate Security Fund. Survivors include his wife Teresa and children Amber, Dylan, and Cody.

★ On Dec. 15, funeral services were held for Sgt. David Enzbrenner of the Atchison (Kan.) Police Department. Sgt. Enzbrenner was shot

and killed in the line of duty on Dec. 9 while he was investigating an ordinance violation. A check in the amount of $1,500 from the Verizon Wireless/FBI Na-tional Academy Associates Fallen Offi cer Fund and a letter of condolence from Gabe Esposito, director of Verizon’s Corporate Security Fund, were presented to

Mrs. Kerri Enzbrenner by Mark Goodloe, Chap-ter Vice President, and Atchison PD police chief Mike Wilson. Sgt. Enzbrenner is survived by his wife Kerri and daughters Avery, Abbi, and Celia.

★ Our deepest and heartfelt condolences are extended to Col. Ron Replogle and the Mis-souri State Highway Patrol, to the family of Trooper Fred Guthrie, Chief Mike Wilson and the Atchison Police Department, and to the family of Sgt. David Enzbrenner.

★ On December 16, a retirement ceremony was held for Lt. Col. Jack Cauley, deputy chief of the Overland Park (Kan.) Police Depart-ment, after 25 years of honorable service. Jack quickly accepted the position of Chief of Police in Castle Rock, Colo. He attended his fi rst roll call as chief there on Jan. 3, 2012. Congratulations to Jack and his wife Deanna!

★ Tim Burnett was appointed by a unanimous vote of the Merriam City Council on Jan. 9, 2012, to serve as Chief of Police for the City of Merriam. Tim is a 29-year veteran of the De-partment and attended Session 231 of the FBI NA. Congratulations, Tim!

KENTUCKY★ Lt. Mark McDowell of the Ashland Police Department was promoted to major on De-cember 4, 2011. He is now commander of the Field Operations Division. Mark is a 23-year veteran of Ashland PD and a graduate of Ses-sion 234.

NEW ENGLAND★ Daniel G. Sklut has retired from the Shrewsbury (Mass.) Police Department and is now the chief of police in Dunbarton, N.H.

NEW JERSEY★ The New Jersey Chapter is saddened to an-nounce the passing of Charles J. Fortenback-er, Session 106, retired chief of the Bernards Township Police Department.

NEW YORK/EASTERN CANADA★ The New York Offi ce Planning Board Meet-ing was held January 10 to set up its 2012 Activities for the Greater New York City Area. More than 15 training events are planned, including three shoots and one session that can be taken to obtain an annual HR 218 con-cealed carry certifi cation.

★ John Bates has been appointed as chief of the Stratford Police Service in Ontario, Cana-da, effective March 1, 2012.

SOUTH CAROLINA★ The new Greenville Police Training Center was recently dedicated and named for Retired Chief of Police Harold C. Jennings, Session 53, who served with the Greenville Police Depart-ment for 42 years, including 12 years as chief. Incidentally, his wife, Gladys, has written a book, “Back in Those Days,” describing his experiences. Included in the book’s dedication is the FBINAA.

★ David Chenshaw, 63, died Jan. 9, 2012. Chenshaw was a 35-year veteran of law en-forcement and served as sheriff of Anderson County from 2004 to 2008. He was a graduate of the FBI National Academy, Session 138.

TEXAS★ Ray Skinner, Session 176, former executive director of the Texas Chapter, and his wife, Lee, celebrated their 50th wedding anniver-sary together in January. ■ F B IN A A

Kansas/Western Missouri: On Dec. 1, 2011, chapter president Scott Rhoad presented past president Randy Adair with a chapter gavel and plaque for his exemplary service as chapter president in 2010.

Kansas/Western Missouri: Trooper Frederick F. Guthrie Jr., Missouri State Highway Patrol

Kansas/Western Missouri: Sgt. David Enzbrenner, Atchison (Kan.) Police Department

New York/Eastern Canada: (L-R) Chief Martin Flatley, Town of Southold (N.Y.) PD, Session 195; Chief Kevin A. Nulty, Orangetown (N.Y.) PD, Session 171; Inspector Bob Oswald, Suffolk County (N.Y.) PD, Session 190, and NYSEC 2nd VP; Joseph E. Schneider, Jr., NYSAG Retired, Session 146, Chapter Historian and Past President; Joseph J. Gannon, NYPD Retired, Session 126, Immediate Past President NYSEC; Evelyn Vera, FBI-NYO Training Unit; John J. Coleman, FBI Retired, Session 123, NYSEC Secretary/Treasurer; S/A Diego Redondo, FBI-NYO Training Unit; Lt. (CDS) William J. Carbone, NYPD, Session 217, NYSEC Board of Governors.

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12 M A RC H / A P R I L 2012

Let Them With the right approach, you can get suspects to tell you the truth and confess.

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When I placed suspects in the inter-view room, I had only one thing on my mind: get a confession and solve the case. Too often in order to solve my case, I had to get a confession due to the lack of oth-er suffi cient evidence to secure a convic-tion. In the end, the prosecutor would de-cline prosecution and the suspects would simply walk out the door.

My fragile ego wouldn’t let me ad-mit that perhaps it was my interview-ing techniques that ultimately led to the prosecutor dropping the case. Instead, I’d try to blame the prosecutor or the system.

Twenty years and a lot of confessions later, I’m the supervisor of my depart-ment’s Criminal Investigations Bureau and as such I’m held responsible for cas-es being properly investigated and sus-pects being prosecuted. And one thing that hasn’t changed is we’re still arrest-ing suspects for the same crimes, with our intentions also being the same: get a confession, make a prosecutable case, and convict the suspect.

The “Honey” ApproachOne thing that has changed is the way we go about getting statements from the suspects. I teach detectives in my de-partment a new approach in confronting suspects and as a result we get signifi -cantly more confessions.

I teach my detectives that you don’t have to go head to head with the sus-pects until you wear them down to get a confession. It’s amazing what more than

20 years of experience in investigations and interviewing thousands of suspects can do if you sincerely want to get better and solve the cases.

Police work, especially when you’re fi rst starting off, lends itself to having your own ideas about how things should be done. And a lot of what infl uences a young patrol offi cer is based on impres-sions he or she gets from being bombard-ed with police shows on television and from fellow offi cers embellishing their own solved cases. This information is not necessarily indicative of good interview-ing skills.

My mother used to say to me, “You can catch more fl ies with honey than with vinegar.” Now it took me a few years to understand the real meaning of this and how to put it to use in the real world.

What I found out was that if investi-gators really want to solve cases some-times they have to swallow their pride and put away their egos and be nice to the suspects, no matter how hard that is.

Remember, you have to stay focused on the goal. You want to get the confes-sion from the suspect and a conviction in court. Remember the old saying, “He who laughs last, laughs best;” it can be so true when it comes to getting con-fessions, solving cases, and putting bad guys behind bars.

Know the CaseI think the number one thing an investi-gator can do when confronting suspects involved in serious crimes is to not rush PH

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TalkLYMAN T. MOORES II

Twenty years ago when I fi rst started out as a patrol deputy working in a rural county in Washington state, not only did I have more hair and a better physique, but I had a different attitude when I interviewed suspects.

Oftentimes I’d arrest suspects, bring them back to the offi ce to be inter-viewed, let them sit for a bit, then confront them on the case under investi-gation. Every so often I’d get lucky and get a confession. However, more than not, I’d simply end up with a bunch of lies and denials, and a dead-end case.



14 M A RC H / A P R I L 2012

into confronting the suspects in an at-tempt to get a confession and solve the case.

Before confronting the suspects, good investigators do their homework. By knowing the case inside and out, you have the advantage of knowing when a suspect is lying about his or her in-volvement or what he or she may have witnessed.• Read all of the reports and gather all of the known facts prior to going into the interview.• Know what crime(s) have been com-mitted and what you’re investigating.• Have a game plan and know the ulti-mate goal of your investigation: search warrants, interviews, photos, and what you need to get a conviction. • Write out your questions prior to the interview.

Killing with KindnessWhen investigating a serious crime and approaching the suspects for the fi rst time, don’t get confrontational with them no matter how much you want to. Be nice to them, give them the impres-sion you want to hear what they have to say. Treat them with respect.

Start off by introducing yourself. Rather than trying to play sneaky peaky with them, tell them what you’re investi-gating and why you want to talk to them. The suspects already know exactly why they are sitting in front of you and what you want.

If the suspect immediately starts to talk and tells you she is innocent and had nothing to do with the crime, tell her, “That’s great and that’s exactly why I wanted to talk to you today.” Let her know it’s important for you to hear what she has to say and you need to get her side of the story. Explain to her that as it stands right now, you only have one side of what happened and it’s important for you to know all the facts. Keep reiter-ating to her that what she has to say is very important to you and you want to hear everything she has to say.

The absolute worst thing an investi-gator can do when initially making con-tact with a suspect is to immediately tell the suspect he’s lying, that you al-ready know the truth about what hap-pened, and that you don’t want to lis-ten to any of his lies. If you know the truth, keep it to yourself, as this is your strength as an investigator. When the time is right you can confront the sus-

pect, but the onset of the interview is not the appropriate time.

The Power of RespectAs an investigator, there will be times when you’ll need to get right in the face of a suspect, confront him with his own lies and the facts. Every so often you might get lucky with this approach and have a suspect confess. However, for the number of times this confrontational ap-proach works, there are more than triple the amount when it doesn’t. More often than not, the “honey” approach will get the confession.

The confrontational approach may work with some juveniles when they’re

fessional working hard to do your job. Therefore, be professional at all times.

By demonstrating to suspects that you’re a professional, you put the pressure on them. They’ll be reminded they’re being questioned by the police and not one of their buddies off the street. This doesn’t give them time to relax, which allows them time to formulate their thoughts, which can lead to denials and lies.

Oftentimes I see young offi cers trying hard to buddy up with suspects, mistak-enly believing suspects will confess be-cause they like them or because they can relate to them. This kind of thinking is fl awed, for it allows the suspect to use this imagined friendship to his or her advantage, eventually letting the sus-pect manipulate the young offi cer.

As an investigator it’s imperative that

Let Them Talk

being confronted by the police for the fi rst time at an MIP party. But it isn’t going to work on someone who has been arrested before, who has previously ex-perienced the justice system, and who may have subsequently spent some time in prison. If you try a confrontational ap-proach on experienced criminals they’ll either immediately shut down or request to speak to their attorneys.

I have found that in order to get a confession from a suspect, that suspect must respect me as a police offi cer and as a professional investigator. You must impress upon suspects that as an in-vestigator, you’re not going away until you’ve obtained all the facts and the case is solved. Suspects must see you as a pro-

you watch how you act and what you say around suspects. Remember, the sus-pects are sizing you up, just as you’re watching and evaluating them. Many times throughout my career, I’ve had sus-pects tell me after an interview or after the case is over that they may not have liked me and what I represent, but they respected me as an investigator because of the way I treated them and my profes-sionalism while dealing with them.

Using Their LiesSo many times cases could have been solved and confessions obtained if the offi cer would have been less confronta-tional with the suspect in the early stag-es of the interview. The confrontation

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should come after you’ve documented the suspects’ lies and have gathered the evidence necessary to prove their state-ments are false. Many times this won’t happen until the second or third inter-view with a suspect.

After you’ve made the introductions and built rapport and you’re ready to start questioning the suspect, let him talk. Let him tell you all of his lies. Act interested, like you believe the lies or whatever he’s telling you. The more lies a suspect tells you, the better off it’ll eventually be for your case because it’ll make it that much more diffi cult for him to explain away the lies.

The lies suspects tell you during the initial stages of the interview become critical later on when you’re in court and they have to defend their statements. Even their defense attorneys will have a diffi cult time defending their lies. Sus-pects who give you false statements and make up lies won’t be able to back them up with any credible facts or evidence. When suspects make false statements and tell lies it’s to give them quick, al-beit temporary, relief from being ques-tioned. They’re hoping you’ll go away.

Which may happen, but their lies will come back to haunt them.

Depending on the case, it’s sometimes better to take a suspect’s statement, giving him the impression you believe what he’s saying, end the interview, and let him walk out the door. Many times when you interview a suspect for the sec-ond time, review his previous statement, and ask him for an explanation as to why you haven’t been able to corroborate his statement, it’ll become evident to the suspect that he’s getting caught up in his own lies. But it’ll be too late for him to change his statement, because he will have already committed himself.

Sometimes you might interview a sus-pect two or three times before she real-izes you know she’s lying. Once the re-alization that she’s “hanged” herself by telling so many lies that will never get corroborated, she’ll likely cooperate and ultimately confess. For example, if a sus-pect tells you she was at a friend’s house at 0200 hours when the crime was com-mitted, your next interview is with the friend.

When the friend is confronted on the statement and it comes down to going

to jail for giving a false statement and obstructing your investigation, most as-sociates of criminals won’t protect their friends. They’ll tell you the truth.

A short time ago I sat in on a suspect interview involving a 70-year-old wom-an who had been involved in a homicide that occurred more than 22 years ago. One of the suspects in the murder was an old associate of the woman who was now serving a life sentence in Ohio for another murder he had committed. The suspect who was in prison had found re-ligion and decided to confess. He sent a letter to the local sheriff’s offi ce say-ing where he’d buried the victim’s body, which was eventually recovered.

Even though we knew going into the interview that the 70-year-old woman was a suspect, that the murder had tak-en place in her residence, and that the body was buried in her backyard, we ap-proached her as if we knew nothing of the murder. The interview began with us asking her about a report of a missing person—the victim—who’d been living at her residence in the 1970s. The wom-an gave a big explanation of what hap-pened and how she’d come home one day

to fi nd the victim missing, and she’d just assumed at that time that he’d decided to move back to California. During the interview we let the woman ramble on with her statement without interrupting her but every so often we would stop her to ask her a clarifying question. A week later we met again with the woman so that we could clarify some of her state-ments, thereby tying her down even tighter to her previous statements.

By having the woman reiterate to us her original statement and even expand on some of the facts, we made it even harder for her to recant or change what she had already said to us. But most of all, it didn’t allow her the opportunity to accuse the interviewer of misunder-standing what she had previously stat-ed during the interview. By the third in-terview, we confronted her with her own statements, telling her that we could prove her story was a lie and that it was time for her to tell us the truth about what really happened. At this point the woman had dug herself so deep into a hole, she could not get out. She realized she only had two choices: keep lying to us or confess the truth about the mur-

der. She fi nally broke down, started to cry, and confessed.

When interviewing suspects who start giving statements fi lled with lies, do not interrupt them. Let them contin-ue to tell you their lies because the more lies they tell the better.

Letting the suspect lie during an in-terview is particularly useful when investigating cold cases. Many de-partments across the nation are inves-tigating cold cases involving homicides and rapes that occurred years ago. When the DNA evidence obtained from the crime scene is entered into CODIS, sometimes the investigators get a hit on an offender profi le that’s already in the system. When an investigator con-fronts the suspect for an interview, it’s crucial to not get confrontational with him at this time. If you ask the suspect if he ever met the victim, had a friend-ship or sexual relationship with the vic-tim, or if he has ever been to the victim’s house, and the suspect denies all of these possibilities, you immediately know he’s lying. His DNA was at the scene of the crime or on the victim.

A proper interview in a cold case in-vestigation is crucial, and a suspect’s lies are the next best thing to a confession. However, if you get confrontational with a suspect too soon and you reveal the DNA evidence—the ace up your sleeve—too soon, you risk the suspect coming back and saying, “Oh, yeah, I now re-member that I did meet her at a party. She took me to her house and we had ‘consensual’ sex.” This allows a suspect the opportunity to provide an explana-tion as to why his DNA was found at the scene or on the victim, which could pro-vide reasonable doubt.

When interviewing suspects, act pro-fessional, be prepared, read all the re-ports, be aware of the facts, have a plan, and know what you need to get from the interview before confronting the suspect. When you meet the suspect for the fi rst time, build rapport, don’t interrupt, doc-ument the lies, confi rm the lies, and pin the suspect to his or her story. And al-ways remember you catch more fl ies with honey than you do with vinegar. ■ F B IN A A

Lyman T. Moores II is currently at the FBI Academy, Session 248, and will be grad-uating March 15, 2012. He has served 24 years with the Clallam County Sheriff’s Offi ce (CCSO), and supervises the Crimi-nal Investigations Bureau (major crimes). Lyman has held positions within CCSO as fi eld deputy, K-9 handler, and patrol sergeant.

The absolute worst thing an investigator can do when initially making contact with a suspect is to immediately tell the suspect he’s lying.



16 M A RC H / A P R I L 2012

A proliferation of inexpensive per-sonal portable breath test (PPBT) devices is available to consumers. These devices typically range from $9.99 to $99.99 and are widely available on the Web, through cat-alogs, and even in local stores.

The use of these devices by bar and restaurant patrons in making decisions about whether they can safely operate a motor vehicle after drinking and about their ability to have “one more for the road” is a concern for many police chiefs, sheriffs, and highway safety offi cials. These offi cials believe that a lack of data on the accuracy of these devices limits their opportunity to provide advice to drinkers and beverage licensees on the risks associated with them.

To examine the question whether the use of personal portable breath test de-vices to make next drink and/or driving after drinking decisions is appropriate, the author collaborated with the Na-tional Alcoholic Beverage Control Asso-ciation and the Institute of Police Tech-nology and Management (IPTM) to test a random sample of the devices for ac-curacy and usability during Standard Field Sobriety Test training “wet labs.”

The Experiment> The fi eld tests commonly include the one-leg stand, the walk and turn, and the horizontal gaze nystagmus. In conduct-ing fi eld test training, IPTM uses volun-teer drinkers in a wet lab environment to provide intoxicated subjects.

For this evaluation program, 32 com-monly available PPBT devices were pur-chased through retail channels. Almost all of the devices had packaging that noted the products received FDA 510(k) clearance or U.S. Department of Trans-portation—National Highway Traffi c Safety Administration (NHTSA) ap-proval as an alcohol-screening device, yet none of the devices tested were listed on the DOT Website as approved devic-es. Also, no listing for FDA 510(k) clear-ance devices was found.

During the wet labs, volunteer drink-ers consumed alcoholic beverages until their blood alcohol content (BAC) level was in the 0.08% to 0.10% range. Each participant was then instructed to utilize each of the assigned PPBTs immediately after the midpoint and endpoint baseline wet lab breath tests. The breath test stan-

dard was obtained with a properly cali-brated Intoxilizer 8000 operated by an experienced breath test operator. The vol-unteers used each of their assigned PPBT devices within 10 minutes of obtaining their baseline alcohol content results.

Deviation and Exaggeration> Each of the 32 PPBT devices deviated from the Intoxilizer 8000 results, some considerably. The average BAC for all devices tested was 0.125%g while the baseline BAC, as determined by the In-toxilizer, for the drinkers was 0.090%g. This represented a positive overall devi-ation of 0.035%g.

At fi rst glance, this deviation, while representing a signifi cant error, seems like a good thing. The error informed the drinkers that their BAC results were considerably higher than they actually were. This could result in the drinkers making the decision to discontinue alco-hol consumption before becoming a risk to themselves and others.

Can the Public Trust

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Breath Testers?>

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> MARK WILLINGHAM

Some drinkers buy these devices

to determine if they are sober

enough to drive, but tests show

they may be misled.

sumption or poor decisions concerning the operation of a motor vehicle.

Price and Quality> The portable breath testing devices ob-tained for the study ranged in cost from $9 to $260. And as might be expected, preliminary results suggest that the purchase price correlates to accuracy, at least to a limited degree.

Two devices varied only 0.002g% BAC from the Intoxilizer 8000 results. These PPBTs cost $150 and $200, respectively. However, some lower-priced devices per-formed almost as well and several high-er-priced units did not perform as well.

Cost alone was not a determinate of expected result accuracy. However, the more expensive devices, those priced at more than $180, did not substantially underestimate BAC level.

Operating Technology> Most of the portable breath testing devices used in this evaluation identi-fi ed their operating technology on their packaging or in the instructions. Most featured either semiconductor oxide sen-sors or fuel cell technology.

In general, the fuel cell-based de-vices were more expensive than the semiconductor-based devices. The fuel cell-based devices also displayed less variance from the baseline BAC levels than the semiconductor-based devices. However, there was suffi cient variance in the results of both sensor types to suggest that neither technology would be useful in making next drink or driv-ing after drinking decisions.

Unfortunately, not all of the devices overestimated intoxication. Some mis-led the test subjects to believe they were far more sober than they actually were. Device deviations ranged from 0.03%g to 0.47%g BAC. Some 56% of the devic-es overstated intoxication while 44% un-derrepresented intoxication.

Considering that several devices re-fl ected a 0.03%g BAC while their actual BAC was 0.09%g suggests that many of these types of devices could actually en-courage drinkers to continue to consume alcohol even when their actual BAC is above the presumptive level of intoxica-tion. Eleven of the 32 devices, or more than one-third of the PPBT devices, re-fl ected a test result lower than the base-line device. The implications of these results is that with 11 of these devices, drinkers would incorrectly believe that their BAC is lower than it actually is and that could lead to additional alcohol con-



18 M A RC H / A P R I L 2012

The top chart on this page shows that results from devices 4, 29, and 31 are outliers in determining the mean dif-ferential variance between sensor types and the baseline device. These three PPBT devices varied from the baseline by 0.383g%, 0.252g%, and 0.378g%, re-spectively. With such variances, a drink-er with an actual BAC level of 0.10g% would be refl ected as 0.352g% or higher.

Without including these outliers in the data set, the semiconductor-based PPBT devices averaged 0.030289g% BAC variance from the baseline and the fuel cell-based devices averaged 0.023333g% BAC variance. Mean vari-ances based on sensor type are refl ected in the chart on page 19.

Poor Indicators> Several of the devices displayed results with a combination of green, yellow, and red LEDS. These devices, in general, were the most inexpensive and had the highest rate of failure to operate. They were calibrated to indicate a threshold level of 0.05g% BAC and not 0.08%g, the threshold limit for intoxication presump-tion used in the United States.

While it is possible that some drink-ers might understand the distinction, a

0.05g% BAC threshold might serve an additional public safety benefi t by indi-cating to a drinker that he or she should not consume additional alcohol while at a BAC level below the presumptive lev-el and at a threshold where the drinker would already be a risk to themselves and others.

But these devices were generally not accurate in depicting BAC levels. Their use probably should be limited to simply determining the presence of beverage alcohol.

Following Instructions> Most of the devices came with instruc-tions that specifi ed an amount of time the drinker should wait after consuming beverage alcohol before using the device. Unfortunately, very few users seem to read the instructions.

It’s also unlikely that drinkers will wait the prescribed 20 minutes before checking their BACs with the device and before making a next purchase or drive after drinking decision. In addition, only a limited few devices offered instruc-tions that explained to the user that his or her BAC level would continue to rise for 30 to 45 minutes after last consump-tion and that the BAC reading, even if it

were taken 20 minutes after last alcohol consumption, would be inaccurate as the BAC level rose.

Risk Factors> Personal portable breath test devices are commonly used by drinkers to make next drink decisions and to make driv-ing after drinking decisions. These deci-sions appear to be based on an expecta-tion that the PPBT devices are accurate.

Drinker expectations of PPBT accu-racy seem largely based on the informa-tion contained on the product packag-ing. Presumptions of accuracy may also be subjectively based on purchase price, with the user assuming more expensive devices are more accurate.

The PPBT devices tested were gen-erally found to be inaccurate and inap-propriate for drinker intoxication self-assessment. While several devices were quite accurate and reported drinker BAC levels within 0.002g% of the benchmark breath test device results, most of the devices presented signifi cant variances from the benchmark. The high variance could lead drinkers to believe that they are not intoxicated when in fact they are a risk to themselves and others.

The devices that utilized colored LED lights to indicate BAC levels, when they actually worked, were highly inaccurate. Because of this, the devices that relied solely on colored LED lights would only be useful to detect the presence of bev-erage alcohol and should not be used for quantifi cation. Each of these devices used a 0.05g% level to indicate intoxica-tion. This is the standard in much of Eu-rope and Canada. Using a threshold level

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Can the Public Trust Personal Portable Breath Testers?

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ENDPOINT VARIANCE BASED ON SENSOR TYPE

ENDPOINT DEVIATION FROMSTANDARD BASED ON DEVICE COST

This graph refl ects how different the PPBT devices’ results were from those of the baseline instrument based on device cost.

The PPBTs tested use two sensor types, semicon-ductor sensors or fuel cell technology. This chart shows how much the results of devices with each type of sensor deviated from the baseline.



of 0.05g% instead of 0.08g% could be con-fusing to drinkers in the United States.

Many of the study participants com-plained that the operating instructions were not easily understood. It appeared that the instructions for several devic-es were poorly translated from Chinese into English. The operating procedures for other devices were found to be overly complicated, requiring operators to de-press several buttons in a prescribed or-der and for a specifi c duration before the device would operate.

Instruction confusion and diffi culty in operation may discourage drinkers from using the products even when the devices may provide some benefi t. This is especially true when the user’s BAC is approaching 0.08g%. Most of the devices suggest the owner return the PPBT for calibration every six months to a year. It is unlikely that many owners would re-turn the devices for calibration as sug-gested, possibly resulting in greater inaccuracies.

With only a few exceptions, the writ-ten instructions did not advise the drinker that their BAC level would con-tinue to rise for 30 to 45 minutes after consuming their last alcoholic beverage. This information is critical, and its ab-sence could lead a drinker to believe that the BAC level displayed by the unit was in fact the level upon which they should make their decision to drive or to have another alcoholic beverage.

The PPBT devices tested were select-ed at random and obtained through re-tail channels. While DOT/NHTSA pub-lishes a list of approved devices, it is unlikely that many prospective purchas-ers would search the DOT/NHTSA Web-site to identify devices to purchase. ■ F B IN A A

Maj. Mark Willingham served with the Florida Division of Alcoholic Beverages for 30 years where he policed and regu-lated the alcoholic beverage industry. He currently provides consultation and ex-pert witness testimony concerning the re-sponsible service of alcoholic beverages.

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ENDPOINT MEAN VARIANCE FROM STANDARD BASED ON SENSOR TYPE

CONTROLLING FOR OUTLIERS

Eliminating extreme results, or outliers, shows more clearly the trend in how devices’ results deviated from the baseline based on sensor type.

The FBINAA (FBI National Academy Associates) is a non-profi t, international organization of nearly 18,000 senior law enforce-ment professionals dedicated to providing the highest degree of law enforcement expertise, training, education and information. Because membership in the Association is limited only to those law enforcement leads who have completed the prestigious 10-week FBI National Academy Program, your message is reaching offi cers who represent the peak of leadership and dedication. And those directly responsible for making procurement decisions. Advertise in this highly targeted magazine that reaches today’s—and future—law enforcement leaders! POLICE advertisers earn frequency discounts. Contact your rep below for more information.

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20 M A RC H / A P R I L 2012

“REMEMBER THIS SUIT CAN’T MAKE YOU FLY; ONLY SUPERMAN CAN FLY.”

That was the warning printed in bright yellow along the bottom of the Superman costume I received on my fi fth birthday. Back then every child knew that Superman was “faster than a speeding bullet, more powerful than a locomotive, able to leap tall buildings in a single bound!” That’s what we were all told as we watched the opening theme of the weekly “Adventures of Superman” television show, broadcast in wonderful black and white.

To this day, a strong desire to fi ght for truth, justice, and the Ameri-can way in the model of Super-man is perhaps the fi rst pre-requisite for being an American police offi cer. That’s true even for young offi cers who never saw the black-and-white version of Superman and never heard that opening theme.

In the anonymous poem “When God Made Police Offi cers,” God and an angel discuss the necessary attributes of a police offi cer. God says, “A police offi cer has to be able to run fi ve miles through alleys in the dark, scale walls, enter homes the health inspector wouldn’t touch, and not wrinkle his uniform. He has to be able to sit in an undercover car all day on a stakeout, cover a homicide scene that night, canvass the neighbor-hood for witnesses, and testify in court the next day. He has to be in top physi-cal condition at all times, running on black coffee and half-eaten meals, and he has to have six pairs of hands.”

The poem continues with God talking about some of the other models of police offi cers that he has produced. “I already have a model that can talk a 250-pound

drunk into a patrol car without incident and feed a family of fi ve on a civil ser-vice paycheck.” He adds, “It can tell you the elements of a hundred crimes; recite Miranda warnings in its sleep; detain, investigate, search, and arrest a gang member on the street in less time than it takes fi ve learned judges to debate the legality of the stop.”

God also explains to the angel the psychological traits essential to a law enforcement offi cer. He tells the angel that the offi cer needs to have a sense of humor and emotional control. Then he explains why: “He can deal with crime

scenes painted in hell, coax a con-fession from a child abuser, com-fort a murder victim’s family, and then read in the daily paper how

law enforcement isn’t sensitive to the rights of criminal suspects.”

The angel tells God that the offi cer model has been packed too full and is leaking from his eyes. God tells her the leak is actually a tear. “It’s for bottled-up emotions, for fallen comrades, for commitment to that funny piece of cloth called the American fl ag, for justice.”

Does this poem describe what Ameri-can society demands of its law enforce-ment offi cers? Is this what law enforce-ment demands of itself? Do both expect too much?

Personal experience in countries that were formerly part of the Soviet Union and other countries governed by totalitarian regimes makes it clear to me that certain societies expect only the least from their law enforcement. They expect corruption and graft. They ex-pect punishment, not protection. What else could the people in these countries expect based on their decades of experi-

ence with corrupt but all-powerful law enforcement offi cials?

Some subcultures within our own society also base their expectations of American law enforcement either on their own negative experiences or on preconceived expectations. Many of these preconceived expectations are planted by misrepresentations in the media. It seems the cards are stacked against law enforcement.

If society expects the greatest of at-tributes, the street cop cannot measure up. If society expects corruption and

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Truth, Justice, and theAMERICAN WAYRoss L. Riggs

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brutality, any moral and professional of-fi cer is either quashed by his peers or by the attitudes of the culture.

Such has been the case in Amer-ica since the tumultuous 1960s, but perhaps the 21st century has brought a change. Perhaps there is, now in America, a turning of the tide. Not only is there a revival of patriotism in the United States, it seems there is a new found respect for those who are willing to place themselves in harm’s way on behalf of others.

America appears to have grown wea-

ry of bashing its heroes and reducing its centurions to pawns. All across the U.S., banners welcoming home individ-ual soldiers fl y proudly along the main streets. That desire to have someone to look up to, someone for whom respect has been long overdue, has also now been bestowed upon the ranks of law enforcement.

The average citizen, not the one that the cop arrests so frequently that he or she knows the family on sight, but the man and woman living in an average house, along an average street, rais-

ing average kids has come to realize for what it is that the thin blue line stands. This individual American knows that he owes something to law enforcement offi cers for all those nights that he goes to sleep in safety and awakes to a home left undisturbed through the night.

Americans truly want their police to be the best equipped, trained, and pre-pared. More importantly, the offi cers on the street desire the same.

Seldom do police levies fail when the department is able to show that it has the need and, of particular importance

YOU HAVE TO BECOME A SUPER COP; SOCIETY DEMANDS NOTHING LESS.



22 M A RC H / A P R I L 2012

to the voting citizen, that the depart-ment will give a good return on the dollar. As true as it is that the citizens of America desire to give respect and honor to those who stand watch day and night over them, it is no free ride.

Americans will not tolerate slovenly police tactics from offi cers or leaders. Neither will professional cops tolerate such blight against their honor. Ameri-can society wants nothing less than the fi nest law enforcement in the world. Being the fi nest is what American cops must demand from themselves.

One thing is certain. The offi cers on the street today, striving for profession-alism and winning citizen approval, will one day be retired and the baton passed to a new generation of offi cers. For all of the effort, training, education, and expe-rience that goes into making fi ne police offi cers, their number of effective years on the job goes by much more quickly than anyone might imagine. Just ask the retired offi cers how quickly their time behind the badge went.

Can this generation just expect the next to have the same desire for profes-sional standing in their communities? Any offi cer that has not suffered the slings and arrows of the days of disre-pute may cherish less the current good will of the citizenry. What is not appre-ciated is not nurtured. That which is not nurtured dies.

The challenge is for senior offi cers to

discard their poor attitudes, which may be egocentrically focused on their short-timer calendars. Instead, they must de-vote themselves to helping the next gen-eration of offi cers behind them build on the strong foundation now laid. Whether it is through professional associations such as the FBINAA or local training opportunities, the focus must be on fi nd-ing better ways to communicate to fu-ture law enforcement professionals the lessons of history. Too much has been gained to allow it to be quickly lost.

A quote by an unknown author sums up well the spirit of law enforcement: “We did not become the men that we are because we were soldiers or cops but became soldiers and cops because of the men we are.” ■ F B IN A A

Dr. Ross Riggs is the director of Security Consulting Investigations, LLC, for-mer chief of the Louisville (Ohio) Police Department, and an honor graduate of the Air Force Security Police Training School at Lackland Air Force Base.

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MESSAGE FROM OUR CHAPLAIN

DO YOU HAVE ANY SKELETONS IN YOUR CLOSET? You know what I mean. Are there things in your

life you would prefer not be known by your spouse, family members, friends, or fellow offi cers? I think it’s safe to say that most of us fi t in that category. There are things that we have done, said, and prob-ably thought about doing that we really wish had never happened. Some may be minor and would only result in a little embarrassment if they were known, while others may have serious implications. They could severely damage relationships, destroy friendships, jeop-ardize our employment, and possibly result in legal action. We live with the knowledge of what we have done, said, or thought about doing and know that someday we will have to face the consequences of those actions.

I have seen the damage that can be done when skeletons come out of the closet and many of us live with the reality and fear that the same thing could possibly happen to us. In such cases the per-sons involved often seek forgive-ness for whatever they have done or said.

Forgiving is not always an easy thing to do. When you have been betrayed or rejected by others, es-pecially by those you love and trust, the hurt and pain runs deep. Yet, if you are to live up to the expecta-tions of the Christian faith, forgive-ness must be an integral part of your life. In Matthew 6:9–30, (commonly known as the Lord’s Prayer) Jesus tells us in verses 9–14, “forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors. For if you forgive men where they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you.”

Forgiving others is a topic I have explored in depth in previ-ous messages and is certainly an important part of the Chris-tian faith and walk with God. However, there is a forgiveness that runs deep in our lives that is just as important as forgiv-ing others: our inability to forgive ourselves.

I’m sure you can recall certain incidents such as the fi rst time you allowed your child to go on a ski trip, on an overnight camping trip, or maybe just a trip to the beach. You thought, “If anything happens to him or her I could never forgive my-self.” Does this sound familiar?

There are many things that happen to everyone in life that cause hurt, shame, and guilt. You may have let someone down or said hurtful words to your spouse or children. It may be something more traumatic such as a marriage you feel you could have saved ending in divorce or being involved in a se-rious automobile accident in which someone was seriously in-jured or killed. Let’s face it; sometimes the most diffi cult per-son to forgive is yourself.

Self-condemnation is a very destructive force in many people’s lives today. If you think about it, a self-directed unforgiving spirit is just as detri-mental as holding a grudge against someone else. You have a tendency to replay old mistakes and re-new your experience with painful and humiliating emotions. Sometimes you attempt to escape your guilt by simply avoiding it, without actually deal-ing with it. At other times you may feel undeserv-ing and unworthy because of your past failures.

Whatever the case, a pattern of self-condemnation leaves you with a feeling of uncertainty that prevents you from feel-ing the confi dence, contentment, and joy that come with full forgiveness. These skeletons can cause you to berate yourself and feel that what you did is so bad that you simply cannot forgive yourself. If you are not careful and keep on this path

you’ll end up in a prison of your own making.

I can fi nd no better example of self-forgiveness than the apostle Peter. On the night of Jesus’s be-trayal, He predicted that Peter, one of his most loyal and dedicated dis-ciples, would deny him three times before the rooster crowed. In Mat-thew 26:33 “Peter replied, ‘Even if all fall away on account of you, I never will.” In verse 35 he went on to say, “Even if I have to die with you, I will never disown you.” We

know the rest of the story. Peter denied Jesus three times as predicted. Can you imagine the guilt that Peter lived with?

But Peter later discovered the secret to overcoming failure and sin. He accepted God’s forgiveness, allowing him to forgive himself and go on to be a faithful servant. Only through God’s love and forgiveness can you release your guilt and choose to forgive yourself. ■ F B IN A A

Forgive Yourself

B I L LY G IBSON

I have seen the damage that can be done when skeletons come out of the closet and many of us live with the reality and fear that the same thing could possibly happen to us.

Billy Gibson

COME TO TERMS WITH YOUR PAST TRANSGRESSIONS TO MOVE ON AND FULLY EMBRACE LIFE.

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24 M A RC H / A P R I L 2012

Simple but not easy, the rigorous “10 x 10” represents a cir-cuit training paradigm that offers endless possibilities.

Circuit training can signifi cantly increase your work capacity and general physical preparedness while improving body com-position. I’m going to credit Steve Mellor, the elder statesman amongst the health and fi tness instructors here at Quantico, for popularizing the featured workout described here. As with most things in the fi tness industry, it’s not a new concept, but don’t discount its effectiveness. If you’re a recent graduate of the National Academy, I’m preaching to the choir. This article will highlight one of the Academy’s most popular, and dreaded, physical training sessions.

The “10 x 10” has an ascending pyramid structure that con-sists of 10 total rounds, but begins with a single exercise. After performing the fi rst exercise for the desired number of repeti-tions or total time, you start adding one more exercise with each round. By round 10, you’ll perform 10 exercises in a row for the desired amount of time or pre-determined number of repetitions. Below is a sample “10 x 10” for general fi tness us-ing three constants: your body weight, gravity, and the ground.• Round 1: Body Weight Squats• Round 2: Squats + Dive-bombers (See Figures 1 & 2)• Round 3: Squats + Dive-bombers + Bent-Over Shoulder

Raise Combo (Row, Rotate, and Press your Arms)• Round 4: Add Mountain Climbers• Round 5: Add Toe Touches (See Figures 3 & 4)• Round 6: Add Skater Hops (Lateral Bounds)• Round 7: Add Shoulder Bridge-to-Victory Raise (See Fig-

ures 5 & 6)• Round 8: Add Rotational Pushups (Pushup to Side Plank)

• Round 9: Add 45-degree Lunges• Round 10: Add Burpees (Squat-Thrust-Jumps)

This sample “10 x 10” is not designed to focus on any one specifi c movement and will not improve your specifi c endur-ance, but that’s not the point. The sequence purposely bounc-es around from upper body to lower body to combination ex-ercises. Your body position changes from standing to supine to prone, integrating all three planes of motion (forward and back, side to side, and rotation).

To determine your volume of exercise, keep things simple and easy to remember by performing 10 repetitions for each exercise. That means you will fi nish with a grand total of 100 squats, 90 dive-bombers, 80 shoulder raise combos, 70 moun-tain climbers, etc.

But this is only one example of a 10x10. You can tailor this workout to your own needs and preferences. To increase the tempo, try performing each exercise for 10 seconds and fl ow quickly from drill to drill. If you have access to physical train-ing equipment, your exercise options obviously increase. If you want to bias the circuit more toward certain fi tness compo-nents, change up the exercises accordingly. You are only limit-ed by your imagination. Have fun with it and get to work! ■ F B IN A A

John G. Van Vorst is a Health & Fitness Instructor within the Physical Training Unit at the FBI Academy. He holds a mas-ter’s degree in exercise physiology and is certifi ed by the Ameri-can College of Sports Medicine, the National Academy of Sports Medicine and the National Strength and Conditioning Associa-tion. He also serves as a defensive tactics instructor for the FBI New Agents Training program. [email protected]

Fitness Flashback: The 10 x 10 THIS OLDIE BUT GOODIE CIRCUIT TRAINING WORKOUT SLOWLY BUILDS TO INCORPORATE MULTIPLE REPETITIONS OF A WIDE RANGE OF EXERCISES.

STAYING ON THE YELLOW BRICK ROAD JOHN G. VAN VORST

Dive-bomber Start: From the top of the pushup posi-tion, raise your hips toward the sky while lowering your head down between your arms. Try to keep your legs straight.

Dive-bomber Finish: Using a parabolic motion, lower your torso down toward the ground. Finish with your chest up, and back and elbows extended. Return to the start position by reversing the parabolic motion, or simply raise your hips back up.

Toe Touches Start: From a seated position on the fl oor, press up into a “crab-walk” position using both hands and feet. Try to keep your hips high off of the ground.

Toe Touches Finish: While re-distributing your weight to one hand and the opposite foot, raise the now free arm and leg toward your midline. Alternate the arm/leg raises for balance.

Shoulder Bridge-to-Victory Raise Start: Lie down on your back with your knees bent. Extend one leg straight out while using the other leg to raise your hips off of the ground. Reach your arms overhead as you bridge up onto your shoulders.

Shoulder Bridge-to-Victory Raise Finish: Lower your hips and raise your torso off of the ground by fl exing your abdomen and hips, reaching for the toes of your extended leg. Alternate the legs for balance.

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FBI National Academy Associate March/April 2012

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