92

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION

FIVE

PERCENTERS

PART 1 OF 2

BUFILE: 157-6-34

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Subject: lFive Percenters� ~ a lo�selykniE�group Qf'Negr0 youth gangsin the Harlem Section of

New York City covering l965�67.

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Domesiic lrne�igence Division

INFORHATIVE HDTE

June 2 1965Du hr .__._.._..__i-!,_,__,_,_____,_,__,

~ Bureau files contain no

T information concerning group call' ed "Five Percenters",

' I New York Office instructed

Q�In

._.

Ir�

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7 to conduct investigation to

completely identify leaders andto determine policy of this group

Civil Rights Division or

Department being advised as wellas Secret Service and Military

intelligence agencies.

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ELL SIX ABOVE NEGROES ARE EMPLOYED AND STATE THEY ARE MEMBERS OF

ORGANIZATION CALLED �FIVE PERCENTERS&#39; WHICH BEANS, ECCORDING T0 THEM,1

THE FIVE PERCENT OF THE HUSLIHS VHO SMOKE AND DRINK. �:{:@*E%5:: STATED

THEY HAVE H0 HEADQUARTERS AND �HANG BUT� ON THE STREET CORNERS OF

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ABOVE SIX HEGROES ARRAIGRED BEFORE JUDGE FRANCIS K» O~BRIEN, FELOHYIf;-y�

count, n¥c,dom J��ér��i xssrnnr, nun ALL HELD IN runs: THOUSAND TO rxvzf THOUSAND DOLLARS BAIL ON CHARGES OF FELOHIOUS ASSAULT, RESISTING ARREST,

VED ADDITIONAL CHARGE OF NA?

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RND CONSPIRACY T0 COMMIT FELDNY. ALLAH RECEI

¬DTIC$ POSSESSION SINCE HE HAD HRRIJUANA CIGARETTE ON PERS

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PAGE FOUR

ARRESTED.

CASE ADJOURNED BY JUDGE 0-SRIEN UNTIL JU92E EIGHTEEN NEXT LL! 1

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BALL�§§¬§&#39; -N¥¬ IHDICES REFLECT NO IDENIIFIABLE i�?� Rf FIVE PERCENTERS OH&#39; L 19°77?//_=»;:&#39; /6:�/2"�

ENY OF ABOVE-HATED NEEROES. �t�� FOLLOWS-£§kA-5» >/._»,¢*&#39;r {?FF/Cc� _;>;7» :1� /&#39; -,.;&#39;;&#39;}MN¥G CONTACTING LOGICAL SOURCES FOR GNY ADDITIONAL IHF6{i�>

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FBI WASH DC

ATELY SIXTY HEEEO FULLOWERS OF �FIVE PERCENTERS IN ¬0URT

»0N JUNE ONE INSTANT, WHEN SIX NEGROES ABGVE WERE APRAIGPED WHEN SIX

LDEFEN9ANTS APPEARED, THE SIXTY FOLLOUERS ROSE T0 THEIR FEET AND SHOUTED&#39;PEACE&#39; HCLDINS THEIR PALMS UPRAISEB. JUDGE D BRIEH CLEARED COURT

iuszs THE wax: ALLAH, ea�arzs JUDGE 0-saxsn AND xuroawzn THE JUDGE THAIry/1»? ,1: - "

ijnz, ALLAH, 1s son AND rxasarznsn TD KILL 92|§§:I§:: AND nve?e PATROLFA%�van ARRESTED n1nK}L5 ¢b7%3/�L

3 ALL SIX NEGROES HHS UERE ARRESTED CURRENTLY IN CITY JAIL IN LIEU OF

~ »+~»==;» 1-W»--»~» f:&#39;-»w: .-/=;

f NEGRO EHO IS SELF-IDENTIFIED AS LEADER OF �FIVE PEPSELTLHS A��

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Disturbance By Grou? Called"Fire Percentere", Harlem, _ §New York City, July 29, 1965 , 1

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5- - " ch eaten}; T§c§} described this group as Teiieeeiea_ &#39;

The "Five Percenters", who are on occasion, referredto as the "brotherhood of Blackmen" or the"Brotherhood_oIAllah,� is e locsely knit group of Negro youth gangs in theEarle: section cf New York City. They come from an areabeunied by Fifth Avenue on the east, Seventh Avenue on thewest, 120th Street on the eouth and l3Oth Street on thenorth. These particular gangs emanate from New York CityPublic School Number 120, which is a junior high schoolserving the above area an� located near 120th Street at

1532 Madison Avenue. They also hang out around New York CityPct-lic School Nurrfoer 65 located at 127* West12&#39;,Fth street-{U9

These youths are typical of the numerous streettype gangs that exist in Harlem except that they have beeninfluenced by ax indiviiual who refers to himself as "Allah"and has inéoctrinetei tie: in the oistndbi Muslim teachingsOf I1;-Jtion of Isles. u;-1! leader 211;: 1~:c;e..e�..a:�.~,

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PT F " Qleader of thethe recognizedarrested onFive Percecters� an: was one of the six

may 31, 1965 by the New York City Pclice Department. He has beenidentified as Clarence 13X Smith of 21 West 112th Street,

New York City, apartment SE. Although at the time of hisarrest he denied being an N31 member at present, he is known tohave been a member in the past where he received his "X name�.He is unemployed and spends his time hanging around the above-mentioned area where he contacts and indoctrinates the youthof the area{l&A

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Disturbance{ Group Called gjff ~ &#39;I;*5ffJi L ¢n�{f 5 ~J I

�Five Percent@"&#39;§ Harlem, &#39; , Q} �.&#39;J�%* *�&#39;* �f?Kew York cites. sly 29. 1965 "~ 1 Y ~ - ~>

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1.� APPENDIX &#39; t-n�¢-a-u-n�-n1- _ &#39;_1

1 w� _. �I

NATION OP ISLAM, formerly &#39;;e&#39;referred to as the Muslim &#39; �i

.,.sCult of Islam, also known as , ehuh§nn§o&#39;s Eengles of Islsnm _§

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In January, 195?, a source advised ELIJAH MUHAMMAD .has described his organization on s nationwide basis.as the -�Nation of Islam,� N01! and "Muhammad&#39;s Temples of Isiam.1}§§

On Hay 8, 196k, s second source advised ELIJAHMUHAMMAD is the national leader or the NOI; Muhamad&#39;a Temple .of Islam No; 2, 5335 South Greenwood Avenue, Chicago, Illinoil»is the national headquarters of the N01; and in mid-1960, TMUHAHHAD and other NOI officials, when referring to HUhAHMAD&#39;8 ~ .organization on s nationwide basis, commenced using either ."Mosque" or "Temple" when mentioning one of "Muhammad&#39;sTem�les of Islam.c:;92 92.

The NOI is an all-Negro organization which useoriginally organized in 1930 in Detroit, Michigan. MUHAMMADclaims to have been selected by Allah, the Supreme Being,to lead the so-called Negro race out of slavery in the uiiderexness of North America by establishing an independent blacknation in the United States. Members fo11owin§ HUHAMMAD&#39;Steachings snd his interpretation of the "Koran believe there_is no such thing as a Negro; that the so-called Negroes areslaves of the white race, referred to as "white devi1s,? in ethe United States; and that the white race, beoause of its lexploitation of the so-called Negroes, must and ill bedestroyed in the approaching "Her of Armsgeddon.Eyn!

-

In.the past, officials and members of the ROI,including MUHAMMAD, have refused to register under the -provisions of the Selective Service Acts and have d olaredthat members owe no allegiance to the United Statesiyo! ~

On may 5, 1958, the first source advised MUHAMMADhad, upon advice of legal counsel, tempered his personalstatements and instructions to his ministers concerning theprinciples of his organization in order to avoid possibleprosecution by the United States Government; however, he �idnot indicate L fundamental changes in the teachings Of his &#39;orgenization<:;¥! u , ;;W -~- e _ »

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g; - APPENDIX v

NATION OF ISLAM, formerly 3referred to as the Muslim 2Cult of Islam, also known as .

Euno:?ad[s Temoleg oi 1§1qm

On May 7,�196H, a third source advised MUHAMMADhad, early in July, 1958, decided to de-emphasize the religion!aspects of the teachings of Islam and to stress the eeonomicbenefits to be derived by those Negroes who Joined the N01.This Policy change, according to MUHAMKAD, would help him

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Reference is made to the previous communicationsubmitted in th L Le above matter dated July 31, l965Q!q

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Coneernins the �Five Percenters�, ,¢5@@o*wg;@,A e �-:-"ii": . --» .Q�;�:"*� " &#39; &#39; �&#39;-�+ ~: *" &#39; &#39; - T5 ~ ., in 92- A. u 5-L . O F"&#39;5 1 _

as oeiows: u,

The �Five Percenters� who are,on occasion; re-, ll

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ferred to as the "Brotherhood of Blackmen" or the Brother-hood of Allah" is a loosely knit group of Negro youth3

gangs in the Harlemfrom an area bouniedAvenue on the west,Street on the north.New Ycrk City Publichigh school, serving

Section of New York City. They coneby Fifth Avenue on the east, Seventh

120th Street on the south and 130th *:These particular gangs emanate from �,i

School Number 120 which is e junior .;the above area and located near "

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Disturbance by Group Called -= *�Five Percenters", Harlem,� --New York City, July 29, 1905

123th Street at 1832 Madison Avenue. They also hang outaround New Yorx City Public School Number 65, located at12? West 127th Street gJ92 e

These youths are typical of the numerous street-type gangs that exist in Harlem, except that they havebeen influenced by an individual who refers to himselfas "Allah" and has indoctrinated them in the distorted

Muslim teachings of Ration of Islam N01! leader Elijah

EuhazmedlggwA characterization of the ROI

is attached and all sources

therein have furnished liable

information in the pasti:l_92This �Alleh� is the recognized leader of the

"Five Percenters". He has been identified as Clarence

13X Smith of El Nest 112th Street, New York City, Apert-ment 5E. He is known to have been a memben in the past, of the I01where he received his �X name". He is unemployed and spendshis time hanging around the above-mentioned EEE where he

contacts and indoctrinates the youth of the are§§lJ92

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&#39; . "Fi�e Percenters"3 Harlem,

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� 1. _ APPENDIX

NATIGH OF ISL£M, formerly ,referred to as the Muslim {Cult of Islam, also known as �

.*51:h@Y**~@<1ci,e Teeeelcee def ieleec T

In January, 1957, a source advised ELIJAH MUHAMMADhas described his organization on e nationwide basis_aa the"Nation of Islam," MOI! and "Muhammad&#39;s Temples of Islamlgk!

On Hay B, 196M, e eecond source advised ELIJaHMUHAMMAD is the national leader of the NOI; Huhamad&#39;a Templeof Islam No. 2, 5335 South Greenwood Avenue, Chicago, Illinois,is the national headquarters of the N01; and in mid-1950,FREANNAD and other NOI officials, when referring to MUHAMAD�Sorganization on e nationwide basis, commenced using either"Mosque" or "Temple" when mentioning one of "Muhammad*sTemples of Is1am, PQ!

The NOI is an all-Negro organization which wasoriginally organized in 1930 in Detroit, Michigan. MUHAMMADclaims to have been selected by Allah, the Supreme Being,to lead the so-called Negro race out of slavery in the wilder-ness of North America by establishing an independent blacknation in the United étates. Members followine �UHA�EAD�Steachings and his interpretation of the "Koran� believe thereis no such thing as a Negro; that the so-called Negroes areslaves of the white race, referred to as "white devils,� inthe United States; and that the white race, because of itsexploitation of the so-called Negroes, must and will bedestroyed in the approaching "Her of Armageddon1$k92

- In the past, officials and members

including nUHAhh£D, have refused to registerprovisions of the Selective Service Acts andthat members owe no allegiance to the United

of the NOI,under the

have declared

States Lac}Uh Hay 5, 1958, the first source advised MUHAMMAD

had, upon advice of legal counsel, tempered his personalstatements and instructions to his ministers concerning theprinciples of his organization in order to avoid possibleprosecution by the United States Government; however, he didnot indicate an" fundamental changee in the teachings of his

organ1zati0n[EL3

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&#39; .Di:turoance by f uup Called §_]A FFive Percentero , Harlem,

F &#39; , �ew York City, July 29, 1965E; - APPENDIX

NLTIOH 0F ISLAM, formerlyreferred to as the Muslim

Cult of Islam, also known as

Euha§ned&#39;s Terples Of_l$l§m

On Hay T, 195$, a third source advised MUEAHKADha�, early in July, 1958, decided to de-emphasize the�re1igiousaspects of the teachings of Islam and to stress the economicbenefits to be derived by those Negroes who Joined the NOI.Tnis policy change, according to MUHAFEAD, would help himacquire additional followers and create more interest in

his programs 9f!

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%=_ 11;! UNITED STATES DEPAIKTMEIVI� or JUSTICE �I-"LDERAL BIIRLAU OF INVESTIGATION

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New York, New YorkAugust 23, 1966

Racial Incidents in &#39;Be�ford � Stuyvesant Area,Brooklyn, New York.August 21- 23, 1966Racial Matters[§§

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files are not being opened at this time.lThe NYC d$es not feel that the Bureau should become

invelved with every ordinary Harlem rewdv and streetfiszklter invectives

tau-!The Bureau will be kept advised{y.92

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%Rq@=H~sRdww New York, New YorkH� "°- June 2, 1965

Disturbance By Group Called "Five Percenters�,Harlem, New York City, Ma 31, lQ55

Racial Matters gqJUEE l 1 6

l a a : . . l �advised p m , sixblocking the sidewalk and interfering with street trafficin front of the Hotel Theresa, 2090 Tth Avenue, New YorkCity. when told to move on by two police officers theyturned on the officers, called on bystanders to attack theofficers and shouted anti-white and anti-police invectives.Additional pOliCe assistance was necessary to arrest thesix and two of the officers were bitten. Previously abar window had been broken by the group and a Negro malenamed Wilbert Lee had been struck on the head with a stick

wielded by one of the six arrested. Approximately 90minutes before this incident these same six individualshad caused a disturbance at the corner of Lenox Avenue

and 116th Street in Harlem. when told to move on by apolice officer they com lied but cursed and berated thepatrolman as they left §e92

ac1vised that the six ail hadMuslim type n s or a ases but all had denied beingmember of the�Nation of Islam N01! or the Muslim Mosque,Incorporated LNNI!. however, some of them appeared tohave some knowleege of the N01." They did claim to be

t 1members of the Five Percenters , which hey c aim o

the five ercent of Muslims who smoke and drink. & they have no headquarters and appear toe a o8se<?" group that "hangs out" on Harlem streetcorners u. L

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Characterizations of the N01, MI and

the Organization of Afro-American Unity,Incorporated OAAU!, are attached heretoand all sources therein have furnished

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advisec1 that all six were chargedwith felon assaul , conspiracy to commit same, resistingarrest, assault with a deadly weapon and disorderly conduct.In addition, "Allan" was charged with possession of amarijuana cigarette and malicious mischief�gl

advised the o ~ e 6all six w _ gne on June 1, 1965, in Manhattan FelonyCourt, New York City, and.tne case adjourned until June 18,1965. All are incarcerated in lieu of bail ranging froms2,oco.0o to $9,500.00, tne latter being the bail for&#39;Al1ah". During the hearing "Allah" claimed that he was

God and stated that the Court could not charge them withanything since "you can&#39;t charge Allah�. He also refused"white lawyers" when offered legal aid assistance.Q;§

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Negro supporters of the above six milled around the court-house during the hearing but there were no incidents ordisturbances. The courtroom where the hearing was heldwas kept closed to the public��� A

The June 2, 1965 editions of �The New York Times",page 30, and the "Daily News", page 10, both daily paperspublished in New York City, contained articles on theabove incident and arraignment. These articles describedthe six as "Black Mus ms", a term generally used to referto members of the NOI%iL92

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1, APPENDIX

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Tm: 1"�la1&#39;Cf1 13, 1961!, edition Of "The New York &#39;I�i92&#39;�@5,"a daily newspaper published in New York, New York, containedan article on page eo which indicated that MALCOLM x_ LITTLE!,former national official of the Nation of Islam N01! whobroke with the NGI on March 8, 195M, publicly announced inNew York City on March 12, 196k, that he had formed the MuslimMosque, Incorporated MMI!. The MMI, B¢¢0Pd1n¬ $9 the aPt1¢1Bwould be a broadly based politically oriented black nationalistmovement for Negroes only, financed by voluntary contributions.In this public statement MALCOLM X urged Negroes to ab8nd0�the doctrine of non-violence when it is necessary to defendthemselves in the civil rights struggle, and he also suggestedthat Negroes form rifle clubs to protect their lives andproperty in time of emergencies in areas where the govern-ment is unable or unwilling to protect them §O§

Incorporation papers of the MNI filed on March 15,196R, with the Business Section, Clerk of Courts, New YorkCounty, New York, New York, reflect that the MEI W85incorporated under the Religious Corporation Law of theState of New York to work for the imparting of the IslamicFaith and lslamic Religion in accordance with "acceptedIslamic principals." The principal place of worship to belocated in the Borough of Manhattan, New York, New York�h!

The May 23, 196A, edition of the "New YorkAmsterdam News," a weekly Negro newspaper published inNew York City, contained en article by columnist JAMESBOOKER in which he indicated that he had heard that the

visit by MALCOLM X with Muslim leaders during his Africantour has changed him to become soft in his anti~white

feelings and to become more religiouaQx§

On October 6, 196b, a confidential source advisedthat the MMI is apparently affiliated with the true orthodoxIslamic Religion through its affiliation with the IslamicFoundation of New York!, 1 Riverside Drive, New York City.The only teachings of the MMI are on the Islamic Religion.Qk!

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g; APPENDIX

MU§LIM_MQSQUEL INQQRPORATEQ

A second confidential source advised on October 20

1965, that the headquarters of the MMI are located in Suite128, Hotel Theresa, 2O§O Seventh Avenue, New York, New York,where they were established on March 16, 196$. These head�quarters are shared with the Organization of Afro�Amer1canUnity UAAU! which is also headed by MALCOLM x 9§

MALCOLM X was assassinated on February 21, 1965,while addressing an OAAU rally at the Audubon Ballroom,Broadway and 160th Street, New York City{§q

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1. &#39; 3***�* "e�**� APPENDIX

NATION OF ISLAM, formerlyreferred to as the Muslim

Cult of Islam, also known as

Eeeerre�ie Temeleelefrlelee

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has described his organization on a nationwide basis as the"Nation of Islam," HUI! and "Muhammad�s Temples of Islann Q492

On May 8, 196M, a second source advised ELIJAHMUHAMHAD is the national leader of the NOI; Muhamad&#39;S Templeof Islam Ho. 2, 5335 South Greenwood Avenue, Chicago, Illinois,is the national headquarters of the N01; and in mid-1960,MUHAMNAD and other ROI officials, when referring to MUHAMMAD&#39;Snrvm�ivntinn nn Q nQ+inpui�n hanin nnmmbh��� QETQQ Bltn�f.... _:,.__._ . . H . . V i H . . -H LA .-.-Va...� .�..c.-.. ..- -haw, -.r._..,r.......-..-....- .. L,I! _ H H 1 n HMosque or Temple when mentioning one of Muhammad&#39;sTemples of Ielam.Qp92

The N01 is an all-Negro organization which wasoriginally organized in 1930 in Detroit, Michigan. MUHAMMADclaims to have been selected by Allah, the Supreme Being,to lead the so-called Negro race out of slavery in the wilder-ness of North America by establishing an independent blacknation in the United States. Members following MUHAMMAD�Steachings and his interpretation of the "Koran" believe thereis no such thing as a Negro; that the so-called Negroes areslaves of the white race, referred to as "white devils," inthe United States; and that the white race, because of its

exploitation of the so-called Negroes, must and Qill bedestroyed in the approaching "War of Armageddon. 92&§ ,

9292l.

In the past, officials and members of the NOI,including MUHAMMAD, have refused to register under theprovisions of the Selective Service Acts and have declaredthat members owe no allegiance to the United States1@~92

On May 5, 1958, the first source advised MUHAMMADhad, upon advice of legal counsel, tempered his personalstatements and instructions to his ministers concerning theprinciples of his organization in order to avoid possible

prosecution by the United States Government; however, he didnot indicate any fundamental changes in the teachings of his

organization b92]

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NATIOX OF ISLAM, fcrmerlyreferred to as the Muslim

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On Nay T, 195M, a third source adviae� MUHAMADhae, early in July, 1958, decided to de-emphasize the religiuueepeets ef the teachings cf Islam and to stress the econemicbenefits to be derived by those Negroes who joined the NOI.This policy change, according to MUHAMMAD, weuld help himacquire additional followers and create more interest in

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�_ Harlem, New York City, May 31, 1965Recial Matters

. ID

1_ APPENDIX

9Rw1_IZ1~e;ON_ OF l=sm@<A!eR1¢eN IN¢@5P<>;wE1> 9A§.!£lOn June 28, 19611, MALCOLM x LITTLE, rounder and

leader of the Muslim Mosque, Incorporated MMI!, Publiclyannounced the formation of a new, all Negro, militant °1V11rights action group to be known as the Organization of Afro-American Unity OAAU!, with himself as Chairman. Thisannouncement was made at a public rally held by the "MIin the Audubon Ballroom, Broadway and 166th Street, NewYork City.@}92

A printed and published statement of basic OAAUaims reed by MALCOLM X at this meeting indicates that itshall include "all" people of African descent in theWestern hemisphere, ae well aa "our" brothers and sisterson the African continent. It is patterned after the "letterand spirit" of the Organization of African Unity established by African heads of States! at Addie Ababa, Ethiopia, in

May, 1963.9-&#39;3A recording of the remarks of MALCGLM X at this

meeting indicates that the aim of the OAAU is to eliminatedifferences between Negroes so they can work together for"human rights," while the initial objective is to"internationalize" the American civil rights movement bytaking it to the United Nations. LITTLE condemned the non-violent civil rights movement and claims that Negroes shouldbe taught to protect themselves, when and if necessary.The OAAU will sponsor a program for Negroes of education,politics, culture, economics, and social reform£gQ§

On August 19, 196M, a confidential source advisedthat the headquarters of the OAAU are located in MI head-quarters, Suite 128, Hotel Therese, 2090 7th Avenue, New

York City .@.,92

MALCOLM X was assassinated on February 21, 1965,while addressing an OAAU rally at the Audubon Ballroom,New York c1tyI@L92

On April 13, 1965, a second confidential sourceadvised that on March 26, 1965, the OAAU filed e Certificateof Incorporation with the Department of State, State of NewYork, Albany, New York, and henceforth the organization&#39;strue name will be Organization of Afro-American Unity,

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-l5Q§2O! theCLARENCE c 056d §pI=file 100NYO will open an investigation into&#39;SMITHhim or the

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In View of the fact that the �Five Percenters�is a loose conglomeretion of teenage street gangs in anarea of Harlem without en overall organizational setup ormeeting place, plus the fact that their mentor SMITH isincarcerated, the NYQ feels they represent e local policeproblem and not e threat to the internal security.Consequently, the NYO will not at this time institute aninvestigation of the "Five Percenters" as an organization£Q§92

However, the �Y® will continue to follow thisincident under this caption to determine the extent ofinfluence or infiltration by subvers�ve type black nationalistsgroups into the "Five Percenters"L§L§

The Bureau will be kept edvised�§§

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION

Disturbance By Group Called "FivePercenters," Harlem, New York City,May 31, 1965Racial Hatter§§!

Reference is made to memorandum.dated June 2, 1955,at New York, New York g92

GI&#39;I1&#39;s8-

The "Five Percenters", who are on occasion, referredto as the "Brotherhood of Bleckmen" or the �Brotherhood of

Allah,� is e loosely knit group of Negro youth gangs in theHarlem section of New York City. They come from an aresbounded by Fifth Avenue on the east, Seventh Avenue on thewest, 129th Street on the south and 130th Street on thenorth. These particular gangs emanate from New York CityPublic School Number 120, which is a junicr high schoolserving the above area and located near 120th Street at1532 Madison Avenue. They also hang out around New York CityPublic School Nu.mber"58 located at 127 West 12711 Street.LA.�!

These youths are typical of the numcrcus streettype gangs that exist in Harlem except that they have beeninfluenced by an individual who refers to himself as "Allah"and has indoctrinated them in the distorted Musl 1 teachingsof Nation of Islam NOI! leader Elijah Muhemmedii£>

c�HTAmEgbchera,ctez-ization of the N03; isn_� � ;:Q1;£�n|E#_ tached and all sources therein havena.;:.ns t§;iuL:1$;zML3 gggggge In

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This document contains neither recommendations horconclusions of theFBI. It is the property of the FBI and_1s loaned to your agency; itand its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency.

ENCLOSURE /2:? /_. ? I ,/� - L/

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Disturbance By Group Called "Five Percenters,Harlem, New York City, May 31, l96H}Q

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H .__ _ __ _ __,,_...__.s..- ...--1» .This AllaH""Is"¬he recognized lgggetngflthe

"Fiver Per ter " and was one of the six arrested onMay 31, 1§§§igy�%he NYCPD. He hes been identified as /Clarenog/1 s mith of 21 West 112th Street, New York City,_,,&#39;spartmeht 5E. Although at the time of his arrest he deniedbeih§�eh"NOI member at present, he is known to have beena member in the past where he received his "X heme.� He isunemployed and spends his time hanging around the above-mentioneo eii�irhere he contests and indoctrinefee the youthof the area

Because of Smith&#39;s influence over these youths,they like to consider themselves �Muslims� and many of themshave their heads and take Arabic sounding names. In fact,none of them follow the tenets of the orthodox Islamic

religion nor do they actually belong to or follow the teachingsof the NOI. These youths do, however, claim to he the "fivepercent� of the folFoye§;of Elijah Muhammad who believe insmoking and drinkingA&c§

c J a ing place or headquarters. Although each of theyouth gangs formed from their respeetive neighbor

1 B96

in&#39;iividua.l _92 d -hoods has i s own leader, they do not have an ;,=:i;lorganizational eetui other than to look up to he-~- so :heirteacher and �Allah"&3.92,

number of youthsnot known and probably fluctuates on a Gay to

day besis because of its loosely knit relationship and thedifferenoe;thet arise from time to time between the indi dual

up, lI&#39;1C.l1J.�lI1§ om ,known E: or have any cache of firearms orweapons. Howeve youth gangs undoubtedly have or caneasily make the various types of homemade weapons common toyouth gangs throughout the city.@i*!

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Confidential sources familiar with s...~.�-�R "5 ties .31

New York City of the N01, Muslim Mosque, Incorw *:�:ed IIINI!the Organization of Afro-American Unity, II;:?..>1:pOrat9*5

OAAU! were contacted in June 1965 and these sources did

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NATION OF ISLAM, formerlyreferred to as the MuslimCult of Islam, also known as

nuhammadls Qemples of Islam,

In January, 1957, a source advised ELIJAH MUHAMMAD

has described his organization on a nationwide basis as the; !"Nation of Islam," N01! and "Muhammad&#39;s Temples of Islam Lk

On May 8, 196b, a second source advised ELIJAHMUHAMMAD is the national leader of the NOI; Muhammad&#39;s Templeof Islam No. 2, 5335 South Greenwood Avenue, Chicago, Illinoiis the national headquarters of the N01; and in mid-1960,MUHAMMAD and other NOI officials, when referring to MUHAMMAD�organization on a nationwide basis, commenced using either"Mosque" or "Temp " when mentioning one of "Muhammad*sTemples of Islam.¬;:92

The NOI is an all-Negro organization which wasoriginally organized in 1930 in Detroit, Michigan. MUHAMMADclaims to have been selected by Allah, the Supreme Being,to lead the so-called Negro race out of slavery in the wilderness of North America by establishing an independent blacknation in the United States. Members following MUHAMMAD�Steachings and his interpretation of the "Koran" believe thereis no such thing as a Negro; that the so~called Negroes areslaves of the white race, referred to as "white devils," inthe United States; and that the white race, because of itsexploitation of the so-called Negroes, must and will be�destroyed in the approaching "War of Armagaddon.{gJ>

In the past, officials and members of the NOI,including MUHAMMAD, have refused to register under theprovisions of the Selective Service Acts and have d claredthat members owe no allegiance to the United Statesi§x§

On Hay 5, 1958, the first source advised MUHAMADhad, upon advice of legal counsel, tempered his personalstatements and instructions to his ministers concerning theprinciples of his organization in order to avoid possibleprosecution by the United States Government; however, he didnot indicate any fundamental changes in the teachings of his

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On May 7, 195%, a third source advised MUHAMMADhad, early in July, 1958, decided to de-emphasize the religiousaspects of the teachings ef Islam and to stress the econcmicbenefits to be derived by those Hegrees who joined the N01.This policy change, according to MUHAMMAD, woulé help himacquire additional followers and create more Rnle~:st in

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1. APPENDIX

The March 13, 196a, edition of "The New York Times,"a daily newspaper published in New York, New York, ¢0�t3in@dan article on page 20 which indicated that MALCOlM X LITTLE!,former national official of the Nation of Islam NOI! whobroke with the NOI on March 8, 196a, publicly a�nouncéd inNew York City on March 12, 1Q§U, that h� had formed �ne Mu�limMosque, Incorporated MMI!. The MMI, according to tho 8Pti¢l6would be a broadly based politically oriented black nationalismovement for Negroes only, financed by voluntary contributionsIn this public statement MALCOLM X urged NQEPOEB 5° abandcnthe doctrine of non-violence when it is necessary to defendthemselves in the civil rights struggle, and he also suggestedthat Negroes form rifle clubs to protect their lives andproperty in time of emergencies in areas where the govern~ment is unable or unwilling to protect them.@i%

Incorporation papers of the MMI filed on March 15,195a, with the Business Section, Clerk of Courts, New YorkCounty, New York, New York, reflect that the MMI wasincorporated under the Religious Corporation Law of theState of New York to work for the imparting of the IslamicFaith and Islamic Religion in accordance with �acceptedIslamic principals," The principal place of worship to belocated in the Borough of Manhattan, New York, New York.Qp!

The May 23, 1963, edition of the "New YorkAmsterdam News," a weekly Negro newspaper published inNew York City, contained an article by columnist JAMESBOOKER in which he indicated that he had heard that the

visit by MALCOLM X with Muslim leaders during his Africantour has changed him to become soft in his anti-white

feelings and to become more religiouslgexOn October 6, 196M, a confidential source advised

that the MNI is apparently affiliated with the true orthodoxIslamic Religion through its affiliation with the IslamicFoundation of New York!, 1 Riverside Drive, New York City.The only teachings of the MMI are on the Islamic Religionlg�w

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A second confidential source advised on October 20,196%, that the headquarters of the MEI are located in Suite128, Hotel Theresa, 2090 Seventh Avenue, New York, New YOQK,where they were established on March 16, 196%. These heau-quarters are shared with the Organization of Afro-AmericanUnity QAAU! which is also headed by MALCOLM X.Q;q

MRLCOLE X was assassinated �n February 21, 19while addressing an GRAB rally at the Au Tb0� B&llPO0m,Broadway and 165th Street, New York c1ty.u9292

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9*�i§»�*-1&#39;*IZ<#<TI,@Ii,,9F ao@~,esRI@is,,,miITfe IN@9RP@P-*?E_D,,, ,°AA"lOn June 28, 196e, matcotm x LITTLE, founder and

leader of the Muslim Mosque, Incorporated MMI!, puhlicly Lannounced the formation of a new, all Negro, militant civilrights action group to be known as the Organization of Afro-American Unity oeau!, with himself as Chairman. eThisannouncement was made at a public rally held by the MM1in the Audubon Ballroom, Broadway and 166th Street, New

York City{3g§A printed and published statement of basic OAAU

aims read by MALCOLM X at this meeting indicates that itshall include "all" people of African descent in thewestern Hemisphere, as well as "our" brothers and sisterson the African continent. It is patterned after the "letterand spirit" of the Organization of African Unity established by African heads of States! at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in

nay, 1963.Ql!

A recording of the remarks of MALCOLM X at thismeeting indicates that the aim of the OAAU is to eliminatedifferences between Negroes so they can work together for"human rights,� while the initial objective is to"internationalize" the American civil rights movement bytaking it to the United Nations. LITTLE condemned the non-violent civil rights movement and claims that Negroes shouldbe taught to protect themselves, when and if necessary.The CAAU will sponsor a program for Negroes of e uoation,politics, culture, economics, and social reform.&g92

On August 19, 196%, a confidential source advisedthat the headquarters of the OAAU are located in MMI head-

quarters, Suite 128, Hotel Theresa, 2090 Yth Avenue, NewYork City[$§92

MALCOLH X was assassinated on February 21, 1965,while addressine an OAAU rally at the Audubon Ballroom,New York City[5:§

On April l3, 1965, a second confidential sourceadvised that on March 26, 1955, the UAAU filed a Certificateof Incorporation with the Department of State, State of New

York, Albany, New York, and henceforth the organization&#39;stree name wil be organization of Afro�American Unity,Incorporated i§�! "

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JUN 2-fessDate Forw.

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FROM: /�SAC, NEW YORK �57-1489! / Room SZSRB x �

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Enclosed herewith for the Bureau are eight §~��U,copies of a LHE relative to hearing of six arrested on5/31/65, and information on 6/18/E5 arrest of eight Negryouths believed to be affiliated with "Five Peroenters"�igD ,

-aas furnished to Jo observed the q

app t at the court hearing on B¥l8/65but there was no stration or incidents by these youthsQQ?

The information in the LEM concerning the arrest of /»&#39;the e�pt youths is being furnished because of the publicity �Jit received in NYC and their possible affiliation with the�Five Pereenters". It is felt that because of present racialtension in NYC, the arrest of any members of these Harlemyouth street gangs particularly those who have adopted a"Muslim type"alias, will bring newspaper publicity whichimplies that these youths are a part of some anti-whiteblncle na+iQha�| icrf rngxromar-{&#39;9-4 £15 1&#39;92r92*§n+n¢-<4. r92u+- in -rvaa-:1»-+..&#39;:>&#39;9251- I92 Ii l- ll» d- 92-I H ill &#39;B&#39;ilA92-ll 92- ll LJN-I-BA! b92r¥.A 92/K-I-92r J-is J.&#39;uw &l. B&#39;~n,{.., i

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?L�$?&#39; R¢�m New York, New YorkJune 22, 1955

, Disturbance By Group Called"Five Percenters", Harlem, New York City,5!3l/B5

Racial Hattersuuw

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themselves Five Percenters" and were arrested on May 31, 1955,al Court City{5k§

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lah" age 35, 1 age Q10 not further identified! age 21, re transferred to of@*WK/-.Supreme Court, Part 30 Felony!. These three were /&#39;before this latter court on June 18, 1965, and since the othave attorneys,e second hearing was set for June 2%, 195

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New York, New YorkJuly 9, 1965

IIIIIIII|..lDisturbanoe By Group Called"Five Peroenters�, Harlem,New York City

Racial Matterili�It-.I,_...,__! Q.__ Av, ,,,__,.92,__-�~-�&#39;--�-*- * ---;-V; ~.-_.l.. .....,-_v.1

Reference is made to memorandum dated June 22, 1955,at New York, New York§}ng -&#39;

9-age; � A�� �t 92¬�TQ% also known as ky�ja vised that on one

Allah H age 35, Jame also known as "Akbar", age 37, and"Gumesl not further identified!; age 21, appeared on felonycharges in New York Supreme Court, Part 30 Felony!, New YorkCity. Their case was adjourned until July 12, 1965, and Smithwas committed to Bellevue Hospital, New York City, for psychiatricexamination. Howell and "Gumeel" continue to be in custody inlieu of bond. During the hearing, approximately thirty Negroteenagers, ranging in age from 13 to 19, milled around the court-room and courthouse, but there were no demonstrations or

inc1dents{9C§ Ju&#39;92

1

This document contains neither recommendations �

not conclusions of the FBI. It is the property /of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it andits contents are not to be distributed outside

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Disturbance By Group Called�Five Percenters, Harlem,New York City�yev � i

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¢r»&#39;§"["Five Percenters" and

James Howell was his assistant. All of the youths previouslyarrested or identified as being affiliated with the "FivePe e hL Vrcent rs" ea no leadership position members of

elves Five Percenters", appe&r¢dr charges in Part 2B cf"the�Menhattan�Uriminel Court,

New York C d their case was adjourned until Julyk9, 1965.advised that during the hearing, apprnximately

e eenagers, from 13 to 19, milled Aroundthe courtroom

that

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Characterizations of the N01, MMI andQAAU are attached hereto and all sourcestherein havV furnished reliable informationin the P&$tak§ h;m;Lntx&#39;o.t �,@__,; ._.-to_-.--1---»A~--�

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1. APPENDIX

mama mswsosr Osman *&#39; I7 hThe March"I3;�I96�, edition of "The New York Times,"

a daily newspaper published in New York, New YOPR, containedan article on page 20 which indicated that MALCOLM X LITTLE!:former national official of the Nation of Islam N01! whobroke with the NOI on March 8, 196%, publicly announced inNew York City on March l2 196k, that he had formed the MuslimMosque, Incorporated {MMI3, The MI, according to the articlewould be a broadly based politically oriented black �3t1°na115tmovement for Negroes only, financed by voluntary contributions.In this public statement MALCOLM X urged Negroes to abandonthe doctrine of non-violence when it is necessary to defendthemselves in the civil rights struggle, and he also suggestedthat Negroes form rifle clubs to protect their lives andproperty in time of emergencies in areas where the govern-ment is unable or unwilling to protect them§$Q92

f Incorporation papers of the MMI filed on March 16,1904, with the Business Section, Clerk of Courts, New YorkCounty, New York, New York, reflect that the MMI wasincorporated under the Religious Corporation Law Of the$$&tE Of NEW York to work for the imparting of the IBlBmi¢Faith and Islamic Religion in accordance with "acceptedIslamic principals." The principal place of worship to belocated in the Borough of Manhattan, New York, New Y0rk QJ§

The May 23, 196%, edition of the "New York �RAmsterdam News," a weekly Negro newspaper published in&#39;New York City, contained an article by columnist JAMESBOOKER in which he indicated that he had heard that the

visit by MALCOLE X with Muslim leaders during his Africantour has changed him to become soft in his ahti~whitefeelings and to become more religiou§g§§

On October 6, 196M, a confidential source advisedthat the MRI is apparently affiliated with the true orthodoxIslamic Religion through its affiliation with the IslamicFoundation of New York!, 1 Riverside Drive, New York Cit .The only teachings of the MEI are or the Islamic Religion{gQ92

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, A second confidential source advised on October 20,190%, that the headquarters of the HMI are located in Suite128, Hotel Theresa, 2090 Seventh Avenue, New York, New York,where they were established on March 16, 196%. These head~

quarters are shared with the organization of Af1~c>»AmericanUnltv QAAU92 which is also headed by MALCQLM X!u92 mU " K�! #5�?

MALCOLM X was assassinated on February 21, 1965,while addressing an OAAU rally at the And hon Ballrocm,Broadway and 166th Street, New York Gity.G;:92

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1. APPENDIX

NATION OF ISLAM, formerlyreferred to as the Muslim

Cult of Islam, also known as

m2hsmma¢�a Tamales of Islam itIn January, 1957, a source advised ELIJAH MUHAMAD

has described his organization on a nationwide basis as the"Nation of Islam," NOI! and "Muhammad&#39;s Temples of Islaun Q§!

On May 8, 196b, s second source advised ELIJAHMUHAMMAD is the national leader of the NOI; Muhamad&#39;s Templeof Islam No. 2, 5335 South Greenwood Avenue, Chicago, Illinoisis the national headquarters of the NOI; and in mid-1960,

IMUHAMMAD and other NOI officials, when referring to MUHAMMAD Sorganization on a nationwide basis, commenced using either"Mosque" or "Temple" when mentioning one of "Muhammad&#39;sTemples of Islam.Qg%

The NOI is an all-Negro organization which wasoriginally organized in 1930 in Eetroit, Michigan. MUHAMMADclaims to have been selected by Allah, the Supreme Being,to lead the so-called Negro race out of slavery in the wilder-ness of North America by establishing an independent blacknation in the United States. Members following MUHAMAD&#39;Steachings and his interpretation of the "Koran" believe thereis no such thing as a Negro; that the so-called Negroes areslaves of the white race, referred to as "white devils," inthe United States; and that the white race, because of itsexploitation of the so-called Negroes, must and will bedestroyed in the approaching "War of Armageddon."@¥§

r In the past, officials and members

including MUHAMMAD, have refused to registerprovisions of the Selective Service Acts andthat members owe no allegiance to the United

of the NOI,

under the

have declared

States _u..3On May 5, 1955, the first source advised MUHAMMAD

had, upon advice of legal counsel, tempered his personalstatements and instructions to his ministers concerning theprinciples of his organization in order to avoid possibleprosecution by the United States Government; however, he did

not indicate any fundamental changes in the teachings of hisorganizationAQQ! �

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NATION 0F ISLAM, formerlyreferred to as the Muslim

Cult of Islam, also known as

Muhgmmad&#39;s Temples of lslgm

On May ?, 195M, a third source advised MUHAMMADhad, early in July, 1958, decided to de-emphasize the religiousaspects of the teachings of Islam and to stress the economicbenefits to be derived by those Negroes who joined the N01.This policy change, according to MUHAMMAD, would help himacquire additional followers and create more interest in

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On June 28, 196$, MALCOLM X LITTLE, founder andleader of the Muslim Mosque, Incorporated MMI!, Dubli�lyannounced the formation of a new, all Negro, militant civilrights action group to be known as the Organization of Afro-American Unity onto!, with himself as Chairman. Thisannouncement was made at a public rally held by the MMIin the Audubon Ballroom, Broadway and 166th Street, New

Yor-it cit;,~.@.�!A printed and published statement of basic OAAU

aims read by MALCOLM X at this meeting indicates that itshall include "all" people of African descent in thewestern Hemisphere, as well as "our" brothers and sisterson the African continent. It is patterned after the "letterand spirit" of the Organization of African Unity established by African heads of States! at Addie Ababa, Ethiopia, in

May, 1963.@~§

A recording of the remarks of MALCOLM X at thismeeting indicates that the aim of the OAAU is to eliminatedifferences between Negroes so they can work together for"human rights," while the initial objective is to�internationali2e" the American civil rights movement bytaking it to the United Nations. LITTLE condemned the non-violent civil rights movement and claims that Negroes shouldbe taught to protect themselves, when and if necessary.The OAAU will sponsor a program for Negroes of education,politics, culture, economics, and social reformX&K!

On August 19, 196M, a confidential source advisedthat the headquarters of the OAAU are located in MEI head-

quarters, Suite 128, Hotel Theresa, 2090 ?th Avenue, NewYork C1ty§9292>Q92!

MALCOLM X was assassinated on February 21, 1965,while addressina an OAAU rally at the Audubon Ballroom,New York Ci ty Q}

On April 13, 1955, a second confidential sourceadvised that on March 26, 1965, the QAAU filed a Certificateof Incorporation with the Department of State, State of New

York, Albany, New York, and henceforth the organization&#39;strue name will be Organization of Afro-American Unity,

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15?-6-3a

Disturbance by Group Called"Five Percenters,&#39; Harlem,New York City, July 29, 1965Racial ua¢@er4;9q

Reference is made to previous communicationsubmitted in the above matter dated August 26, 1955.

Percenter were New York Citys

Police Department following an altercation with aPolice Officer in Harlem on July 29, l965:Q§f5

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&#39; The "Five Percenters," who are, on occesion,"referred to as the "Brotherhood of Blackmen" or the _ ""Brotherhood of Allah,� is a loosely-knit group of 7Negro youth gangs in the Harlem Section of New York City.They come from an area bounded by Fifth Avenue on theeast, Seventh Avenue on the west, 120th Street on the�south, and 150th Street on the north. These particulargangs emanate from New York City Public School No. 120,which is a junior high school serving the above area &#39; .and located near 120th Street at 1832 Madison Avenue.They also hang out around New Yo K City Public School No. 68,located at 12? West l2?th Streeitgnx

Tnese youths are typical of the numerousstreet-type gangs that exist in Harlem, except that theyhave been influenced by an individual who refers tohimself as "Allah" and has indoctrineted them in the

distorted Muslim teachiées of Nation of Islam N01!leader, Elijah Muhemga".uc -»�-¢-~_ A _ MW_.>»,»§ r ,~"1*Ci-1"~ M

A charactErizatien~0£- he ROI is &#39;k"______%_;_�_wattached and all sources therein have 7

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pastzik} &#39; i __This "Allah" is the recognized leader of tge

YEire_RZ§¢ent re,� He has been identified as &#39;Clarenci.l3X/gmith, of 2; Hest_llgth Streeti @§w_Yor§>City;�&partment EEQ1 He is known�tomheve been amember, in the pest, of the NOI, where he received ehis "X name." He is unemployed and spends his time &#39;hanging around the above-mentioned area where hecontacts and indoctrinetes the youth of the &reiQl;92

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1, APPENDIX

NATION OF ISLAM, formerlyreferred to as the Muslim

Cult of Islam, also known as

Muhan@ad]s,Te@ples of islam

In January, 195?, a source advised ELIJAH MUHAMMADhas described his organization on a nationwide basis as the"Nation of Islam," ROI! and "Muhammad&#39;B Temples of Is1am.�~Q

On May 8, 196%, a second source advised ELIJAHMUBAWWAD is the national leader of the NOI; Muhammad&#39;s Temple

of Isiam No. 2, 5335 South Greenwood Avenue, Chicago, Illinois,is the national headquarters of the NOI; and in mid-1960,MUHa�KAD and other NQI officials, when referring to MUHAMMAD�SQrgwdzation on a nationwide basis, commenced using either&#39;%k$que" or "Temple" when mentioning one of "Muhammad&#39;sTezples of Iselam. 9l.92

The N01 is an all-Negro organization which waso�ginelly organized in 1930 in Detroit, Michigan. MUHAMADceims to have been selected by Allah, the Supreme Being,�m lead the so-called Negro race out of slavery in the wilder-!¬SS of North America by establishing an independent blackcation in the United States. Members following MUHAMMAD�Szeachings and his interpretation of the "Koran" believe thereis no�such thing as a Negro; that the so~called Negroes areslaves of the unite race, referred to as "white devils," intie United States; and that the white race, because of itsezploitetion of the so~cal1ed Negroes, must and will becistroyed in the approaching "War of Armageddon. oI!

Ixthe past, officials and members of the NOI,Lncluding FWHAMMAD, have refused to register under theprovisions if the Selective Service Acts and have d c ared;hat member: owe no allegiance to the United Statesiof!

M May 5, 1958, the first source advised MUHAMMADhad, upon aivice of legal counsel, tempered his personalstatementB�:nd instructions to his ministers concerning theprinciples cf his organization in order to avoid possibleprosecutiozby the United States Government; however, he didnot indimte any fundamental changes-in the teachings of his

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NATION OF ISLAM, formerlyreferred to as the Muslim

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ma" H .3i~1h_em

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On May 7, 196%, a

s programs 9,92

APPENDIX

third source advised MUHAMDAD

had, early in July, 1956, decided to de~empnas1ze the religiousaspects of the teachings of Islam and to stress the ecowow cbenefits to be derived by those Negroes who joined the N61This policy change, according to MUHAMMAD, would help himacquire additional followers and create more IDLEFESL *

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Pram human, 1%, through August, 19514, subjectresided at various addresses in the Harlem lma of HYC,and has been employed by various buainuaea in the NYC area.91.3/29/5�?-_ !=�;~J¢cr reportedly obtained 12,1: t�r0_m_t13e j --Yor-eranu Adllinlltration in the amount or $129.60L_u.1>

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fux*ther advised that subjectappeared ~ I or preme court, B-and: 30, yielony!, Lan 9/9/65, and hi: cane was postponed until 9 23/65.mbject cantinued to be confined to Bellevue Hosp tal,IRE, when he in under-gain; psychiatric treatment-.h;,§IJQAD:

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Enclosed herewith for the Bureau are-two newspaper

Herald Tribune", page 1 captioned "Harlem &#39;5 Percentere! -Terror Grcug Revealed.T§~92 K

captioned "DISTUEE@NCE BY GROUP CALLEQ �FIVE PEHCENTERS,{HARLEM, NYC, 5/31/55, RACIAL MATTERS, NYairte1 and LHM dnted

Reference is made to NY airtel and LHM dated 5/2/55, �L£LiJ/92

caption; NYairtel and LHM 5 ed 7/§f¬5, above caption; JYa1rte1

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and LHM dated 7/31/E5, captioned, "DISTURBANCE BY onourcameo �FIVE PERCEN&#39;I�ERS&#39;, trio, Z/29/65, RACIALMATTERS.�; NYairtel and LHM dated B/?6/ 5, above caption;NY1et and LEM dated 9/20/B5, above caption{gu&#39;!

The two enclosed articles deal primarily witha speech and subsequent impromptu press conference givenby LIVINGSTON WINGATE on 10/1%/E5, before the easternregional conference of the Urban League at the BelmontPlaza. Hotel, New York c:1ey _u.!

WINGATE is the Executive Director of the Harlemanti-poverty program known as Harlem Youth OpportunitiesUnlimited - Associated Community Teams HARYOU-AC�92. Botharticles point out that WINGATE has been criticized forhis handling of the program and that he is currently unoerinvestigation by the Manhattan District Attorney*s Ofrieeand the Federal authorities following charges of fiscal

mismanagement Q_9292

In his speech and press conference, according 1to these articles, WINGATE denied any fiscal wrongdoing �and claimed the spending of certain monies on his partwas necessary to avert racial violence in Harlem duringthe past summer. His main theme was that if anythinghap�eneo to HARYOU~ACT there would definitely be racialviolence. On this latter point, WINGATE referred to amysterious "armed" group of Negro youth who are "preparedto die� in a struggle against white people. He refusedto identify by name this group stating he feared for hislife if he talked too much. He further implied that onlyHAHYOU-ACT was stopping this group from aoting1§»!

Both articles indicated that WINGATE was apparentlyspeaking of a Black Muslim-oriented extremist youth groupknown as the "Five Percenters." The "Tribune" article thenset forth observations on this group which this paperdeveloped in an "independent investigation" during the pastthree weeksQ:§f§ &#39;

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It is neted that prior inveetigatien by the EYOinto the "Five Percenters" revealed that it was a Negro

V youth street gang in Harlem that has been influenced by7 CLARENCE SMITH am-ms, aka NY 100-150520!, a funnel; lia�igg~ of Isle" N01! member who called himself �Allah . Hideraawi. ~ ¢ = d that sf his associate, YAMES HGWEL;

these youths became indoctrinated in the laa-rver e» �n orm of Muslim ideology with anti-white racial

these ouths have ado tQQ_�us1im naqes[- overtohee, Mggg of y _ E it i9&#39;1 1*.&#39;hn921_crh &#39;1 1-uunszfi on . �n 1» Q , 4!! |::&#39;-L»; uh: "§&#39;vi£;¬R�Z-5-&#39;.&#39;E= " &#39;

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and WELL were arrEEtEU*U��573I?¬§: and continue to beincarcerated awaiting trial which has been delayed due toextensive psychi�rie examinations of JOWARS, which had beenordered by the court. Inesnmch as the gang was composed ofteenagers without any real overall organizational aetup orheadquarters, the NYO conducted no extensive investigaticn9292192§� �ll-�max nun-n4~_92&#39;u92 �ll 1-upqnm ¥92-.4-swu 92n_;A@.92n4@nn-mi-.-4I � �I-.-5-92&#39;l a�.e"l-I1-ii-. an _

�|92-VJ» D-Lllbc Vllci cl §:i1&#39;¢§§:15Ucu i ii 92!U.L¢|92U�|In view of the publicity of the "Five Percenters"

in the attached articles as a result of the WINGATE speechparticularly, uutlined in

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as determined that theresonrox_me e_v w �ve ercenters" in NYC ranging infrom 12 to 21 Approximately 125 of them are centeeei

Harlem, around the 120 series of streets, bounded byand Lenox Avenues The remaining 75 youths are sea fer

r Bronx, Brooklyn and Queens, with the most consent dthe Fort Greene area of Brooklyn and the St Marys Par�a of the Bronx The gang is responsible for numerousaults and muggings, chiefly aimed at whites on the fringea of Harlem nowever, if the gang is unable to find ate victim they have no reservétions §bout_ch0osing a

Negr THe"geng"has aiso caused é�§?e§¥�HeaI*6T�t¥6�%i:i§§isehoo1s, chiefly Junior High School #120 atMadison Avenue and 126th Street in Harlem, where theydisrupt classes, demand to be called by their Musand have ass ulted some teachersC§~ H x

{Maseieted by HOWELL, both of whis undergoi 5 psychiatric

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92 ideology and the practice of Ju�o and karateiglThe gang has no meeting place other than the

_ 92street, school yards and public parks£¢;}I! if�e is that

85% of Negros are ca , e ncle Tome and the

remaining_¬$.,_ which &#39;¢_1}@£_e;2;e.iear§..;tn.e.xeaJ_.le11;i_e_1:�.§. Qiiih�Negggdpéop e. The�HEslim indoctrination they receive in

� &#39;eddition to the adoption of a Muslim name is the memori-zation of the questions and answers put out by the N01which NOI members must learn before receiving their "X"name. This list of questions and answers appears to haveoriginated with JOWARS, who was an NOI member under the

name of CLARENCE 13X SMITH, and he undoubtedly obtainedit when he joined the NOIQy§92

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with the exception of the above mentioned assaultsand muggings of whites there is no definite policy oractivity by the gang of violence against whites. However,the overall ettituoe of gang members is one of anti-whiteinsofar as the racial situation is concerned. Also, the gggghes_neyer�engagedw;n�any~§re-meqgtateo attacks on policeofficers. The one incident involving sh"ssesa1t 6f*s��5Iiceofficer occurred when an officer was attempting to make adisorderly conduct arrest on 7/29/65. See referenced airteland letterhead memorandum dated 7/31/65.! No information hasbeen developed that money obtained from muggings and assaultsby gang members is turned over to any specific leader or

fund.Q9o92Although e number of gang members have been

arrested on numerous charges the incidents receiving themost publicity were the followingiyo3

The 5/31/65, arrest of JOUARS, HOWELL and fourothers. See re NY airtels and letterhead memorandum dated6/2/65 and 6/9/E5.!Q;q

The 6/15/65, arrest of eight gang members who weremaking �blotov cocktails. See NY airtel and letterheadmemorandum dated 5/E2/65.! Q,92 L

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_ The 7/29/65, arrest of 17 gang members fardisorderly conduct and resisting arrest. See NY airtel andletterhead memorandum dated T/31/65.X@L¢

_�escribed the �Five Perceenters" asa particularly vicious type of street gang that has found inthis Muelim overtone a mysterious of ides

&#39; In View of the fact that the "Five Percenter» isa teenage e

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In regard to the remarks of HINGAEE;1t appearsthat he is attempting ta utilize the "Five Pereentere� andthe threat of past an� future potential racial violence taneutralize criticism and possible criminal proceedingsagainst am for his adminiscraeien of HAFiYOU-ACT.Cu- }

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An armed trout? oi Negroyouuul in New York Cm: is"prepared on die" in n strug-

zle against white people,Llmissmn Vv&#39;1l&#39;18Bl»8l executivedlrecmr oi HAR.YOU~AC&#39;1&#39;.

iisid Fesierday."They say: �Either there ls

change or well make Wanelook like n. Lea party.� Mr.Wlngaus said �The referencewas to the �Watts area of 1.-us

Angeles. where 34 personswere killed in recent racialdisorders

Mr. Wingate told the Na-tional Urban League�: eastern

regzonel conference on por-crty. held an the Belmont-Plam Hotel. that �the kidsare armed and ream� to move."and that only his 1r:l;i-p<1v-

ertr organization was $l»D_pp1I1Ethem. He called the mo»-e~

mam "something more omin-ous than l.I1}&#39;lhlI&#39;l� since

conszruczlon

HAHYOU-ACT is under in-vestlgltion by both the Man-

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92Jl&#39;OLlp I16VB�l6�hntmn District Attorney�:o�ice and Federal l.l.�lLhO1&#39;1Li¢.&#39;_-liter charges 0! �ecal mu-

managemenn. Mr Wlngnehas been crltlzed about his

conduct of the nntl-povertyIJTOEFEHI.

He mfuaed� to mme mginovefnehi on the ground than1: was �too dangerous." bin

he apparenlly spoke of iiBlack Muslim-oriented ex-tremlsi youth group know:-. asthe "Five Peroemers� whiclzis active in Your at New �£01-1;Citfs �ve boroughs.

The Police Department hasbeen waging a quiet. war 0:1Lhe group for several months.our is spolceeoasn yesrerr-1.a_vmid there would be no com-menn on Mn Wingauie com-ments because the matter is

under investlsatlon.

The Herald �Dionne hasbeen oonducmng an independ-ent investigation of the 9:»ganimrlon for the pas: threeweeks. and has con�rmed �ne

group&#39;s existence as well gr:aome details oi its B-clivlt1es_

1

The police have declined torelease any information aboutthe i,TOup�s size. objesnives ormakeup Deputy Commission-er Joseph Martin. heacl oicommunity relations. has saidthe depsrzmem feared I�

publicity might snov-�bi-lil�� 5membership and add to �ihilvirulence oi the group. &#39; _

The most frequently heagdCLIPPIN G FROM THE

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and 5 per cam are the lead�-,92*smembers -of the GIVE? A":other version is U181 35 P9�cent of all Neif��s 3*" *3�plowed. 10 pl-r Mn� $1? mlexpjgjging--and {DE Fht PET�penwrs Will GESK-F0? Q1! 93&#39;

ploluersIn those two veliitm�. 50¢?"-

Keno Heats IS Ral�h 31-1I92¢3&#39;1�mo Jackie Robinson are 111-eluded amotli the 10 D" w�

However, members of thrgroup said recently that the5 pet cent are the "kindly.rlghyous NOD32" who IollouAllah. ll! per con�. are theother 1ollowe:~.= of Lslarr. andmy 35 pi-T cent ITE the restof humanitl�

ALLA5-&#39;

A mar. who calls him"Allal"..� the Moslrir. word i -God. is lhE1E5d¬T.HE is mt! E

"ens-rail? known as Elamiggdm.-_,,@z*~l1r¢ we *1I er. in jail since late Mu�-

Hg5 manage followers aregamed for numerous mu£-gmgs. name �re-bombingsand sevrral other acne ofviolence. The? arr believed B0have been involved in at leastone homicide.

151&#39;. Wir.galse&#39;a statementyesterday: was one oi the menpublic exprosslorir. of concernabout the group and the �rstpublic statement that it has�weapons.

Generally. the Police De-partrnent has ntteznpbed tokeep it secret.

Bu: ra1&#39;Llcl11£ police omcersin Harlem have been hrieflnlfleaders of civil righas andcivic organizations on thegroup and have asked theirco-operation in �ghting whatthey describe Ls I verydangerous group.

i Two Harlem weekly new�;-�papers. the New York Couri�r~11-ad the Amsrerdam News.gyesterciar published storlvslabour the menace posed by

92 he I"&#39;i--r Perccmers, reportedly� -�at the requesn of police.

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lTh@ �vl Percenters &#39; oupready is widely know, rl

the streets of Harlem, andlpparenlly is equally feared.T319 Nerve chem: L: full orrumors about 11, wim wmgHarlemites comparing it tothe Ku Klux Klan and omerwmp�fi�p If to the HitlerYouth organization of theNEZIS They also are mm-Dlred to the �Blood Brothers."publicized last year as a groupOf 400 Foutln trained to killWlqites Politic maintainedthe-re were only 25 in thegroup.

to Lhe Chl7l¬5E and CubanCorr mumsts and to the groupconucted oi attempting nodrnnznile the Statue ofI-Jb¬I&#39;1§-&#39; and other national

omunents� ,The only official age�oien

�hicb have prrv1ousl_92&#39; ind-itteo� knowledge or in-lg

groups existence are JitheYouth Board, which ischarged with controling andbreaking up youth gangs inNew Yuri: City. and the Boardof Educalion. which believesFive Percenters were involvedin two assaulns. and onr tele-phone threat; or an assault.all involving teachers atJunior High School 120 inHarlem.

Harrison Llghtfool, deputyexecutive dl!�EC1;O!&#39;1l&#39;l charge ofcommunity services for the�Yourh Board. said recentlythat the boards. workers arenot taking a direct interest inthe Five Pencenters, but areconcentrating in keepingmembers of the supervisedgangs from joining ihe group,

�It&#39;s something like a snore:society." he said. "The YouthDl$&#39;l5i0F. of the Police Depart-ment is workinz on it. how-ever. and we don�: want to getin the Police Departmentswar."

School officials complainon only oi rowdylsm bylinewe Percenters. but of tieir

l&#39;18l.Sl6l&#39;lCE that teachers stallhem by the Musliin names

given them in the ornam-

zatlon. _ _ _ _

92 One source� has linked it

However. Daniel Bcmelber.�fberlntendeni of DlstnqtFliur in Harlem, yesterddyd med published I�EDOI�LS thmtlij Five Peroenters hadcaused at wave oi transfer noquests bi� teachers in Harlemschools.

Sources in the PoliceDepartment mid a special 21-mar; detail was assigned toinvestigate the Five Percent-en lam. summer beoause orPolice Commissioner VincentBrodericlijs concern aboutthem.

I, TRA.I§P92&#39;GFtleaail also was a&#39;e=-

siggeo� no st. Pamclrs Ca£:�eciral dunng: the recon: viljztof Poor Paul VI no New YorkCm� because of a rumor mmthe F�i92&#39;e Porcenters vrryuldmake ran attempt on his lifeat the Cathedral, the sourcessaid

All soi.u&#39;oe:; agree that mem-bers. mostly youths from 13Y8?-YE to 21 years of age, re-¢E�i92�E� intensive training in192iu{&#39;¢irn theology B1�-gig N51.tlorlalisrr. judo and karazl.Some add thai they aretrained in garrotiné Onll-�Wliroaze so far has main!-

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Framed that they are ax/mid�mere is a Ienernl belle.�at their was-like training :<

&#39;1med at whilk P601112, esllf�tally whine policemen; Bur

rlemiizs maintain thateir hate ls direct/ed at both

ihites and Negroes. lncludina�lhelzr parents and Negro lead-ens.

One polio: source said theware about 200 members. �I5 ofthem in Harlem. 75 in I-hePort Greene section of Brook-lyn and a few dozen in theBronx and Queens: but Negroleaders lmve been told intheir briefings that more are1,000 members organized intocells in every New York Cm�h using project with a sub-

Lntial numbor oi Negro re-al lento. "=

police source said U12?Cl rence Smith formed lift

ar ago, short»15&#39; after the lane Malcolm 15was dropped ifrom Elliah Mu-hammad&#39;s Black Muslirimovement mcl set up ms ox: :1Black Nationalist group-

The source said the FivePercenters threw MolotrQocktails into three Protestantchurches in Harlem last sum-mit. committed m1meiou<muggings and assaults» on bothNegroes and whites, and at-tucked several white polio�;-sen.iPr0ceeds of the mu3§&#39;in;=are turned over no their noiil

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Polwe ire oonberned hr i-ii!netitiam or the rvvneswrr0. the source said. belle�!1 if Allkh tells them to kill

Sher must obey". Ind the: po-lloemerfs buileue elmer will nothi: them or will not penearnetheir bodies,

The Black Muslims disclaimurge connection with the FivePercemera. the source said. butpolice do noi belifve them. P<i~licemen point out that Mal-colm X. who 1-H up 1 nnl or-nntzation in the Muslims. waskilled. and nnother Muslim.who set up his own mosque inthe Bronx earl? this Year. WI-8wounded B!" I Kunahor.

Policemen believe thli 1min who £1115 himself "Allan"could not continue his organ-izguon in the Negro commu-mry without the melt lIJIJ�2"Dv-1; of Lhe Blaol; Muslims

Harlem residenos claim towe Five Percemers ever!�-where.

�I can tell them by the was�they look at. e store wind-&#39;:one man mid morn??-�&#39;I&#39;heF�re not looking in lt.like other people do: thew};leiliking at ii. like the!� wam

--hues}: it." - - ~

.&#39;The group�; �rst publicity

awe when Smith was arrestedmy 31 diner he led a crowd

eestimetled an 150 person sci-0.55125m st, in Harlem. alleibdlymirsing motorists and police-men. beating a Negro mmwith a six-fool pole, breakingsome snore Windows end.�nally, �ghting with two po-licemen who ltnempued toquestion him.

He and five of his followerswere charged with Ieloniolinu-mull. ruining an-est. un-lawful assembly and conspir-gcy. Smith L150 was chargedwith possession of marijuana.

Al their arraignment twodays later. an estimated 150persons. 111051.13� ~i.ee1-lagers. ap-peared ll Criminal Court.causing police to semi 120 marl92o the court, the largest detailever assigned there.

Police oharged that Snllthlad declared: "we&#39;re ruin; no

ihe oops and all the whinele-~women and children.

pq We&#39;re going Us lt_lr"t._lb bath now end. 11 we drill�:

L our shnre of poverty fin:-de.bk� @111 am» &#39;~

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ms: his arraignment, heiitolddge Francis X. O&#39;Brien lhltwas wrong 1&#39; or accusing the

_ ghueous people" end Quathe clay would blow up.

"You&#39;re golni to muse triot." he said

Srrilih was held in 89.500ball, which his Iollowere havebeen unable to furnish.

The group was next identi-�ed by volioe late in Julywhen two policemen wereiniured Icing to the maelst-a-nee ol� a Harlem womanwho had been molested by gzroup of about 30 youths.

�men B Policemen ni-teniowd to arrest n youthwho struck him. there W8:a general melee in which thepolieemen were pelted withbottles. atonee, bricks, gar-mmze and i&#39;.1-ash mm. On! oi

.the policemen was injiiridzE-Lbozrs, egai 14 to 13, we-are

V esbed. g,1 On Sept. 18. Cedric Avery,-&#39;15. who had appeared. in�Pore:-&#39; and Bess" an me CityC-enter shortly before, wasstabbed to death on a play-ground er 212 W. 129111 BL,in the S1. Nicholas �Houses.where he lived. Police whocharged Earl Green. 21, oi�27�? W. 127th Sr. in the slay-ing said Green bold them hehad subbed young Averyafter he was attacked by theyouth and e. gang of otherboys.

The dead boy&#39;s chest wasoovered -with Muslzm medals.Two youths who eald theywere Five Percenbers latertold a Herald Tribune re-porter that roun� Avery wasa member oi their irroup.

A former Bl7Ilpl0_Vee of rlheYouth Board said 1nmrm.-�tron rweiveo there in late

1: .heUune indicated the &#39;1.

�ve Percenters had com-ltned the unpmvolzed mur-

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git;-war, A�i�flnl Dist§�.l_¬iMmmey Irvin Goldsmith. in¢}-in-ge of the murder C358.said he bed never heard t:emug�; mme. The youths W 0mixed roan: Trre�h "mid" &#39;1and! store as 510 ClaremontParkway said $1195� W!" mam�hers of the �BarbarianKri.izhl&#39;-5."

The two 1&#39;?-year-olds whodescribed themeelvee in �hfHerald Tflblll� *5 Ft" PST,�Qq-uere declared that A1-R-1 Clarence Smith! 1; God. ,.

§&#39;E.ven if he is in J-Bil ham�� ii Ggd,� said one of them.�The Christians 581-� T-1181Christ, "3; God, hut. when EM�wt; dying o nthe cross. hesaid. �Father. forgive them.my my; mow� not what the?-&#39;do.� This means that he hasnot God; his F�ihl-?T �B5-Qm-15; 1&#39;35 5 prophet and thewoo: cm. only Allah 15

aw" L?.Hhe bgyg Qgnlgd hill. ii�?

�.1 taught karate or judo in

_ �t-&#39; mid the nlasaes were re.iris!»-ed to Muslim $£3C1&#39;L1{i2&#39;=

� t indicated there 8.150 lies

t"-£m3"¢ B!-�MK Nltionelis:la-ain.in,g. L,

one of them had told an-

~*other Herald Tribune ]&#39;gpQ]&#39;tg-f-&#39; levers! ween earlier that he

had been a member or in-_=Blood Brothers.

Mr Winaane and §&#39;e.ri.erd.-&#39;1"�mi the Police mparlznent 1Flnxl-0115 to "crack down" onthe noun. but that he me, Bed them to delay H155 um;ie could oontacr. the members� He told reporters afrer prr

eenng that he did not Kilt»?ho they are or where i2.�l!�j&#39;

are locaieci. but that he wm,;&#39;.-utsemm no oommunioare vq-,;hem.

Ans" attempt by police 1,».�f��ii down. he said. wolllclead to �massive resistance."

�Believe me, my commur.;:~is loaded with d}&#39;Il31Tii!¬,:m� 7he said, "Those kids don�; giv-e damn. They will die--not 3:oi� them, but. enough of 9,1-leg;. "I&#39;ve talked to p01i �l!

herre scared. they know theacts. If I bell you too mucli.

Jlll be the lave W_mga.t.e."thin� Five Percente_r__ ��llfiff

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1&1-gt� {Sargent Shrlver, he-adlot� the Federal antipovertjv pvt-ggtagpl called it an amazmg=1�? A� Mr. 92N&#39;tngate Indicated Lhh:92_f-Iaryrou-mzt had appaased memovement last summer by giw

qtng the memtxrs �blind-alley&#39;jo.bs.� These» jabs were Qt littlevalue to the youths. he ml-=Lbecause they uttered no chin�.;o! upgrading their skills.

A1 one point, Mr. Wingate de--claimedt �K211 Wingate if youIwill. but desire-;v Haryou-A~:&#39;tland ynu lon&#39;t gver. have a pre-itense of stopping violence."am his conference talk Mr,

ingstc indicated disillustcn»meant with the Johnsfm Admitte-giftratéon. The antipoverty actwis we Magma Ca:-ta of pry�ithe said. but at ls now in danger;o: heccm-lng a "fraud."&#39; "The Democratic Admi.niSh&#39;a-§I.i0:t ha= pulled back on nus slqzuati-.r.." he said �They havebegun to recugrtize that com--munity action is a little <ia&#39;rl~ge~r~ious. T&#39;ne_».~ are tnmgutn dilute[the progz-_a,rns tn no �ng."E Ye; Harynu-Act has so faribeen able to "resist the clu�1.t11-lea"�of bath the city government and�of Representative Adam Clay-&#39;Lon Powell. Harlem i!e:m0craL,Mr; Wingate said-

The city is airai� to toucharyou-Act be-cause of Coir

gtres�nlall Powell. Mr. WingamgiLpl&i�¬<i and "because or ouri xgrity. Adam doesn&#39;t mqgstvlth u.=." �J

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5&#39;Pércenters Called Hooditims;Actions Blamed on Frustration

By mzononz Jornzg -v----�-1Concerned Harlem rezidentsf E Mm pub,� incident� 00

CL£{R"!n"?92l he�~ti"&#39;!&#39;E§described the �Five Percenter-s"yesterclay as a mull hoodlumgang that championed a �hatephi1osaph}"� lgainsl. �both Whita�and Negroes.

&#39;1&#39;lie&#39;y said the gr-oupq whichW85 involved in several mug-glngs and beatings last. spring.was composed o! misguidedteen-agers who had �turnedMeir fmsiraiions in the blackghetto into antismiety act:-or: "

"The;-"re 1 pure gmnih ofthe alums." exclaimed a cityyouih woi-1~:e:&#39; who has dealtwith members of the gangz. "andthey&#39;re being in�uenced byolder and known subvernii-#2men who are only to-o happyto turn the community intochaos and turmoil."

This im&#39;1uem-:2. accaritiing tosocial workers Ln Lhe area ha?helped to create a group oibouaiiy undisciplined 3rouzi_.e&#39;-stars, who have no respect forparents or anyone the notmium with their way of mini»:-mg.

The Five Perceriters were saidto have been an outgrowth ofan older. militant. antiwhitegroup describe-.1! as the BloodBrothers. which was linked bythe police in the summer of19-63 to se92&#39;Era.1 murders ofwhites in Harlem.

Gained Atltntinn 111 Illa!�

The younger group. which hasbeen under con.st.am pohce sur-veillance. gained public atten-tion int May when 5e92&#39;e1"8lyouths led by a man vvlio de-5Ci&#39;i&#39;b¬� himself as Clarence 1334.Srnjlh. a former Black Muslim.attacked a Negro man on aHarlem street.

F�aen Smith was arrested andelmzed with the assault. theyoutiis marched on a Harlempolice station and demanded hi.-rciea~=e. The next day ihey ap-peared again at smiths hear-ing in Manhattan CriminalCourt and shoubed "92Vhi19 rnan�_==iDjl!$�L!¬�E" and other black na-tionalist slogaris umii theywere ejected -from the couri-mom.

Smith was charred wiih fe-lonious assault. resisting arresturilaia-hi! a.sseri&#39;i&#39;o�;;~&#39; and pQS_51t�.--sion of marijuana. He was heldin $9,500 bail and is stiii in

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The youuis who ranged inage from 16 to 18, were charge-dwith riot. 92m.La.wfu.i uses-i&#39;ri�ol_v.resisting arrest and di_=ordrPI_i�conduct. S-even other youths.also involved in the inrideni.YRETQB �booked _a.s juvemi-:2 cie-_ltnquenis. 1

Black Muslims Pruitl-:1-is 5Both the police and Harlem

community leaders describe theFive Percenbers as a loosely

z~acLice< of the Blark Ii-iuiIin"F.p _. , . .although iti i 3f§illFii¬"� i-�lhthat Sect. �

Estirnaies of the stnzmtlh ofthe group run between 50 and100 members. Youths who iiicn-My with the groujo are said tooperate in the Bedford-Stu1rve-sari�: area oi Brooklyn as well

knit group of _vout.h= ranging ,-in afré from 13 L0 21. The group Ais mm to foilow many of thr 1

asin Harlem. TThe Five Perceriters �8Z&#39;l92&#39;£�

their mm e from a p-i1iiosopluca1_belief that 85 per cent of thecount:-:;&#39;s Negro population is;ignorant or �just came" in-id;that 1£i per cent are "U1-icleiTurns." or 5ub5en"iE!1t to wiiit.es.IThe remaining 5 per cent, ofwhich they are the seii-choseneventually will lead the othersout of "bondage."

"Many of these kids don&#39;tknow whatls going on." ex-plaineci one community: ieaderiwho has worked clo.=el7~&#39; with�the group in an atiempi tochangre their direction. �Butthey �ideri�iy with the power"-lessness of the Negm in theghetto. and if you�:-e not 52!�-ing how to end that then 1~rou�renot £6-&#39;l.king:&#39; U1eirl&ng&#39;1.1BJ;�0_"

During the summeriimth the�police and ¬Ol�l&#39;l1&#39;l&#39;l92JTi.Zllf92&#39; leadrr-.=met frequently: with the yoiiihto get their views and to see-where they mould he hélped,�Many W@?l"¬! taken into theHARYOU-AC1�� summer pm-grarn and given eniploynieniOthers remsed jobs with theIt-giarlejmd agency, declaring that

e� i ; want"ha cinu�t<.�1&5 Termination oi� {Fe sum-

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�I-h�y had received no trainingto help themselves and phatthey had used sc~!e1_92&#39; minsure a cooi summer in Har-lem "

Very few persons in Harlemb92?�l|e92&#39;ed that the I-"&#39;:ve Pvtcem.er; could Lhemaeives precipzzatean armed my-zvll in the commu-mt!". Several lead»rs_ howevey-_feel that Lhe irmfup cuuld andwould be used by other U?and dxsrupung elements 1I cg.-were not ccnmined.

�These kids dent go aroundarmed. am: anyone who 59,;-.~Lhat d¬>£�.:=.n&#39;£ 1-mow xvhat he-&#39;5talking about.� one }�DL&L11worker said. �The 20;� havebeen pmcang mesa k1d.~ up lei:

jand rmh: and not once havethey been charted MU1 a viol.&#39;~.&#39;tion of Lhe Suilwan Lav.-. Theyknow they can be arrested s.fthey have a penknife on them

"Our greatest. fear zmw i<that, with ail� this publicity,many at the youth who identifywith some of the beliefs of thegroup but are not yet membersmight be enticed new Le gear.��When you get a place like Har-lem and Lh-2 deprivation? thatexxst. than yowre going to getyouth gang; like thm until�omefmau 1= done to sows: thebas pro ems-" ...._..-a.--I

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Jwingcxte Warns If Negro Revolt I4 If Haryo-u�s Program Is Curbed e

By HOMER e&#39;1s.»m1&#39;Bomber wax-ning_-; uf 2. Negro the Beimon�. Piaza Hotel. Later�

1.21:1-12:15.: Ln Harlem and other Mr. V�ngaie expanded an hismack ghe�tos if an!-�tiling hap- !*e92&#39;e]atio:*. uf a mysterious Hat-_pen; t0Ha.1&#39;}&#39;0u-Act were voiced lern "mo*-&#39;emer.»�_" at an imp3-esrterday by Livingston Lupramptu press conferenre.

,�Wmga1e. executive direeter of He said me movement was7 me cr>mro92&#39;ersia.1 Harlem a.mi- composed of desperate ycm�ws,

i poverty program. §whe were "prepared to die� ii�Th¬I.§£X�1»&#39;:;&#39;-� has been criticized we H5Y&#39;Y°�&#39;A¢&#39;¢ PW�-Wit wef�é

for iuose management and £:-;h5~1t~�3&#39;*&#39;3- -= 1tmncm pr-,_»;.c¢du,e5_ and �mug� He indicated that members ti$1 million in future grants ofgthe m°�9n�-E�~&#39;�~ �&#39;5� !�1P1°N§5Federal fl-1-I92d5 is being held up&#39;b3� Ha-"Y<=v-ML Pby the Office of Eec-neornic Op-" "&#39;Ha1&#39;�Y@U&#39;A¢£ b�ughi U11�-82.pm-g_-unity pending 5 §peQia_1 �iih U115 !�l}O92&#39;EITlET1&#39;£92" M3�. V¢&#39;i.1&#39;l~g�udi; �gaze said� implying that hie:

Mn �-mega� made an 2mp&§_92agenc3: had f<>x~e~s1a.11ed rlc-ti.ng_domed denial oi any 1111:3356 of Ha�em last summer� �IPublic funds: bv Harvou~AcL. He� The Ponce are Shawn, �van;gm hi� had� wmmmeaof the mmrernent and want t1.�n * on act of ma.1£easa.nce."jcm5h IL� Mr� �mgate Sam� B�!

°� B me said he had begged the polixe� FBu: he conceded the book; were� dmhuid ti �unm h htin der. * � �C D� B 8&#39;?�oxqis Oiummgs of W-Glemeltaiked Lo the leaders ef theflarued an Urban T we :__e_92�mavement and med :0 appease�impel conference on poverty in�

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jimder investigation.<~&#39; Members of the group told the��pgll�g they had adopted the|l-iuune "5 per centers" be-cause.

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em. Mr. �wtngate said he iwisifrightened for his own lite}

divulge any details 01 U19�ovemenl..""Li I tell you too much about!

this GI�§&#39;3.I21Z3UOI2. I&#39;ll lie �theilate Wingatef � he said. I

So he refused even to givethe name of the sinister or-jitriizatiori However, it was ap-92

rent he was talking about 8]w young Harlem I1-ZLE SYOUPI

gq the �Five Percenl.ers..�e Police Deoa.-amen: cun-

rmed thai this group was

��8-5 per cent of Lhe Negroes are;Ilike cattle. 10 per cent are Uncle}"T ms and we are the 5 per centl

imelilioried. among others. Depu-&#39;1ty Chief Ixispemor Harry Tav-l

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THE PRESIDENTContinued at Bethesda. Na-

val Hospital.

THE SENATENot in session.Finance Committee began

hearings on sugar bill passedby the House f-&#39;esterdaj92&#39;.

Internal Security subcom-mittee issued report on 92�ll&#39;-tual elimination of churchesand Roman Cauiouc schoolsin Cumriuriisi Cuoa.

Civil Sel"92&#39;i<�e&#39; Committeemet on its version of theHouse-passed Federal payrise bill.

THE HOUSE

Completed Congressional ac-tion on a $4.3 Jaillion supple-mental public works. appro-priations bill: adjourned at

Eh/ashington Proceedings �*"=:;>&#39; "~*.i%*i~*:*-�. - 1 =3

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if .6:26 P�ii. until Monday noon. »

Foreign Affairs nub-commit» ltee received briefing trumiAnibazsador to the SovietUnion Kohl-er. i

DEPARTMENTS & AGENCIESDefense department re-

quested 45,224 draft quot/A for EDecerrlber�biggest since the iKorean �War.

Agriculture Department an-

gate all Whitey wants is to

said. Never mind �dialVi-&#39;Th.il.Ey wants, H P�-aI&#39;yu".: �Will�. is

tile to deliver. than we Wu bein better position to get funda-mental &#39;Ll1i1LL5s letert"

Ute of Fund; Explained

During the summer there wasa tense moment, Mr. Wingate5;-iid_ when "5,BOU kids threat»ened to break us asunder." Thatwas when Haryou-Act hadl"ia11en $400,096 behind in pay~lmenls," the director went on.

nounced at national allotment i T0 Reid-�P {Rim Wm! "me M55�of 6 million acres for the1966 crop of upland cotton.

S �HEI}CLI"ID FOR TODAY

Got. I5. 1965!President Johnson conva-

esces at Bethesda Naval Hos-piml.

Senate meets at noon;House not Ln session.

NASA o!£imal.; on GeminiVI orbital mechanics an-:1 ren-d¬Z92.&#39;l&#39;lll5 hold news conference;2 P.M.

53 Deaths Rrralled

lkm who he said had met wiih; �There will either be a _cha.nee.np;e5enmg,;v§ 51 mg mgve-lit! the situation." he said. �ormam} |you&#39;1l see something Ll1a&#39;Il make&#39; Inspector Taylor denied la.s!5.wa�5 10°� like B 193 &#39;PR1"¥3&#39;-�

largo liriow w�lal belongs to us." éz-1?. the 1&#39;92&#39;ai.i0n3.i Urban League."cl&#39;alr:l~: down.� Mr. �Wingate saidl {The Police +I!epartrnm;i.edreL;;¢On5ergncg mat Harlem si-5.»; in but they remain defim-1: "TheHused eammen- when as &#39; &#39;1 » ..i .lboys say: �Let �em crack down.1% weer we We e P-=~l;�u���i"i.f�é§m&;i,.fihZ".;&#39;§Z=�Z,i�2iZ�r;l " "t.erine<iiarj»&#39; between the DODGE; &#39; iAnd mt --Five pengentgr-5_" rould spread the B£~dfr.»rd-

_l Ra mt, Stuyvesant section of Brooklyii�G"°� n5 _9 - land to _Hocheste1- mid other up-

. Mr. Wingrif-2 said the niu*f&#39;e~_-_jst:rte cities. _ imam was growing I�8Pld¢}* I come to you with a� deep.and um "the lid may blow nrrlmuch of inirht in me.� Myany day." H iwlngate told the conference. He

"Perhaps 1" be called unpaid he had been meeting witha1a.nnis&#39;L." he said. "so ii youi.1igh-level police about an �omi-want conflrrriation, you can callgnour movement" of youths pre»some key police officials: 1-Ie_pa.redt.o die.

we Wm t move.Mr. Wingate warned Ural it

the public continued to "]lSl.�=_*1&#39;1to the sslnine. lying and di=-,torted press" about Haryou- K:-t.ii would have to rely on �nakedguns" to contain Harlem.

�I can see bloodshed ln Harlemand then in Beciford-Sfruyvesant.and then Rochemer and S_92&#39;ra~cuse will move." Mr. Vi-&#39;lng=.tesaid.l 1_t- _ �___.. _ _._ _..._.___

might um Harlem was on nit-�tee �A-&#39;_&s wferrmg to the Newv ge of racial violence� "V-�e.ri0is in the �K ails ghetto or Los�92_- not." he said, �in I. danger-lA_ng@1es, where at least 33 were

; situation," killed last August.

1.-aurr, at uie new? Curifervzii-ein another room. Mr. 92�l-�mgalcsaid that he had talked to mem-bers of the group at the sir-irt ofthe sumer and had foundthe deeply suspicious about"Whitey" the white man! andoi the while man&#39;s intentiomregarding Ha.ryou»A::L. �e de-

lscribed part of the oon92&#39;er%z92t.ioniii, Mr W� tg told about Mi-mbei-= oi the movement�

li ?lea.ders: or poverty programs knovr thehpolice are aboutas follows:

"The kit said: �Look. �Win-

{wlio had been given job com-lmitments by a staff member.lMr. Vfingate said: �I, reached dad Look t-he money. 1 didn&#39;t{give a continental what accountlit came from."

The agency has been criticizedlfor "comminglmg~" F&#39;e:lera.l and&#39;city grants.

It would be "a-any wrorigdoirlg.said. The book;

,der_ he -EX]Jlé92l.l&#39;3Ed_ simply te-nause of Emergency programinvolving payment of thun-

of Harlem youths. 2. pro-that gave Harlem respite

irorn a. threataied �lwg hotisummer" of violence.- "You thirik just because thelong hot summer has ended andthe autumn chill has begunthat the tension is over." Mr.�Winga.te said, �but our com-,m1m1t§~&#39; is loaded with dynamite.I "These kids don&#39;t give arlamn. They are willing tn CIZQ.I raiee my hand to God andsay: �Th2it�s what I believe� �

Mr. Vfingate said the ideaYfor the emergen.-:;.&#39; pi-o_-cramwas suggested To him i�ii7 by Senator Robert F. Ken-ne::l3�. Dern-tic&#39;rat,ni New York.By July 1 the program had4300 }�U92lDgFU�!TS and a stairQf 50&#39;-3. Mr. V�-&#39;in§&#39;.{ato said: ,

"Id been warned by irielici;in Washington: �Roy. ifs :-i-na=I~niinistmtive impossibility.� BirlI replied; �I can&#39;t turn down £3mill on.�

�So we ran Lhe program and

lie" to suggestMr. Wingate

are not in ar-

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wk-SCHOOL . . . AND HARLEM�S 5 PERCENT ERS*".-"1 -_ *-_,.1. M.¬&#39; a-�-4"N ~

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By Ilmea W�. Sullivan0} The Herald �1�r1b&#39;.1r Sta}!

The Board of Educamm has

1 report of a reign of terror

in Cooper Junior High Schoolin Hariem whlch exceeded

lD3&#39;1h.�n£ veteran teachers

had ever seer, in the area.

The verrnrmm was blamedon smdenm who were mem-

bers 01 the teen-age hatenu-nu 4~ H vi 4% *"|i�-92 _...-up �sue. we .0-e Per-cemez-s" and who believe than

£5 per cent of Negroes are

cattle. 30 per cent exploit

am-.m.-as-A-5 per cent are the

�ll Whit: Tmhzrm

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You blue-egred devil.� You&#39;ll burn.�

In hm Tnchers:

You slaw.� You�I1

toL&#39;mu- the true God and will

end the emlciu-morn. lThe report by Martin F&#39;re5&#39;.

pr&#39;mc1pa.E of the school at

Madison Ave. and 119th EL.was sent to several Olfzcmls

�pwr righteous teachers" who�die.�

of the Baird in mid-Oéwber.

Board of�cials have refused*.-o release it er ti.» ¢1L»¢;1§ 1;.

HARYOU-ACT director Liv-

ingston Wingabe is believed

to have been reierring to the

he salri publicly that therewas "an armed group mad!-&#39;to move" in Harlem and only

HARYOU-ACT was stopping

them.In the three weeks since

Mr. Wingnte made his stare-

ment, Police CommiaslonerVincent Brncierick has refused

to con�rm. deny or even dis-cuss 1t. His latest refusal wasInn Friday. -

Mr. Frey": report said that,

on �&#39;m..�l.&#39;st d§§f_;QZ,_,j�h00l.,classes repeatedly dis-

Fzve Percemers Bent. 14:-hzr"

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The Wushllnqmn P651 and __;_.

Times Hemlci,

The Wqsh1nq:::n;Du11y News ____

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New York. J Ournsll-AmeriCun

New �icrk Dally News ___._i_,.~-. �New York P951 _______.._.____

The New �Yo:-l �Times I

The Baltimore Sun ._.i_..i..___�

The Work er ____,._______i.__i

The New Leader ____i_i____;

The Wall Street Jcaurnnl .__.._._....i

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rupted bi� bolts who stood atu1!!&#39;.T9!ct!Id moments andihouted at teachers:

�You blue-eyed white devil!You&#39;ll burn!�

If the teacher was Negro.the boys shouted, "You slave!You&#39;ll die!"

The disorder spreadthroughout the school, ac~corclzng to the report. withgangs of the boys roaminghalls. insulting and threaten-ing teachers and assistantswho were patrohng the hallsmo beating non-Fl92�e Per-centers outside the school.They added to the generaldisorder an classes by refusingto answer to their names anddernandzn; to be addressed byMuslim names.

Boar. teachers and studentswere terrified by the threatsand disorder and their terrorwas heightened by two in-cldents of violence. Withinthe first two weeks of school.a n-isle teacher was beaten bys student and a female teacher was strutk by an mtrudeldentztied in the report asl"�.92i-&#39;e Percenter.

Both the assailants er�known to have beer. arrested

i acknogiedged the

in-{and-1ubmitted I report. butrefused to release it.

Teachem st the school so!that the youths called non»members �Pork-eaters" anddemanded to kn-oer duringclasses if their teachers st:pork. Teachers were told bythe Board of Educationmake notes of the outbursts.but some of them. osoeciallNegro teachers Livifm in Har-lem. were afraid oi� revrlsalsoutside the s�hooi.

The Five Percent/era lrefollowers of s man nsmClarence Puddlni Smith,who osils himself �Allah.�They are said to believe he isGod. He has in jailsince he was arrested in 1disturbance in early June.but the members insist thathe still is God and that. itshis followers, the? cannot bekilled, .

The report said that whena 15-S&#39;ear~o-id student sndmember of the Five Percent.ers wee killed as he andother members fought withan adult on a playground inBt. Nicholas Homes. hisfriends shouted: �Get up.You&#39;re not dead. We can&#39;tdie."

The boy was dead. boo.-~ever. and his friends. gave hisMuslim name to s recruit in

crder to oontinue his lite, thereport stated.

Board oi� Education sourcesindicated the report was be-ing withheld because oi someoi the statements of opinionin it.

The reference may havebeen to an impassioned para-graph which termed the FivePercenter philosophy "diabol-icnl,� said it was aimed at thedestruction of every �desir-able institution" of Harlem.and accused the noun ofoombinin: brainwashing andterror.

The report said that afterthe youth was killed otherFive Percehters threatenedviolence to non-members.Several �pork-esters" broughtweapons from their homes todefend themselves on the wayto school. They checked theirweapons with the principalwhen they arrived.

The report added that theFive Percenters undoubtedlyhave adult leaders and thatthere is evidence the groupreceives funds and advise�from outside the UnitedStates."

The report sold that theincidents came to an andafter the first two weeks ofschool and that 14 arrestshad been made. -_.._._..,_

an

u

Teachers at �g, scéoollzreed that the disorder. adceased. but said the lttltud�swhich caused them are stillapparent in the Five Per-center students.

They believe the end ofthe disorders was broughtabout by five-da:~&#39; suspensionsissued to students who in-sisted on being called byMuslim names. the l.i&#39;I&#39;¢E!.Sand the stationing of it po-liceman at the school topatrol the halls.

A board spokesman saidthere have been 12 to 15 ar-rests it the school this year.not all of them Five Percent-ers_ ten five-day suspensionsand two full suspensions.

Some teachers believe theremay be further disorderspending. "We may be in theeye of the storm." one ofthem said.

Some police sources ea?they believe the tZi&#39;ouii> hasbecome quiet in recent weeksbecause most oi� its leadershave been arrested on onecharge or another. but theymy the group still exists andQi1Ib&#39;_h¬-ll.eve that new leadersare moving iri&#39;u!r-lib.-~

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, page 1, out thatranking police officer: in Iarlea have been briefing leader: ofcivil rights and oivio orgahizatiooa regardiag the �livePerceetera" and have aaked theirannperation in tighting what they�ecribed as a very dangerous group. Thin article aleo aete outthat two Iarlea weekly aeeapapere, the "lee York Courier� and the&#39;Aaaterdam leis� oh 10/14/85 pobliahed atoriea regaroihg thelonace poaed by the "Five Perceatera," reportedly at the request0! the po1ioe&¢§92

The "lee York Ierald frihnae� article continued with

a comment to the effect that one source linked the �Five Percentera"to the Chinese and Cuban Coaaniata and to the group recentlyconvicted of attempting to dynamite the Statue oi Liberty and other

national Ionunenta.Q§J92

la you are alare, the proper utilisation of informationreceived by the Bureau ia foremost anon: our responsibilities asan investigative agency. Whenever information cones id theattention or the Bureau which appears to he of interest to anotheragency, that intoraation ahould be forwarded to interested agencies k

The Bureau agrees that the activities of the "FivePeroenters� represent. a local police problem; however, in view orthe allegations that the "five Percentera" may he linked Iith certainsubversive ind racist iiaaeati, ii iadicitad ia aoiipaaer articiea,your continuing investigation of these subversive and racist elenentsahould apecifically deteraine whether or not the "Five Percentere�"RYE actually linked to these e1eaen§aQ9Q92

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"FIVE PERcmm5;=zs" aka V 3&#39; 923 J M

ReNYairte1 10/18/65, and Buairtel, 10/22/65{g;§{&#39; 1 x?92

l;-Encloaed herewith for the Bureau are ten copies l�lfi

92 of a LHM dealing with the H r st t f92 known as the "Five Percenteiskzgéx ree sans 0 Negro YouthsC0Dies of this LHM are being furnished in NYC to

Secret Service.

¢�é�Bureau Ens. 10! RM 1;xL;;JpL*ddn A» , /1!� %&#39; =92 i&#39;3�NEH York { ! Q31� ;� f/ "i2.f /f1-100-153730! HARYOU-AC&#39;I�! %2! 4 .2 _...»1-15?-&92! mc1m; SITUATION, NY n VISI9N&#39;!&#39;��2&#39;T&#39;

�&#39;11? Y _ 5 1~{Q�J 5 1955AGENCY: ACSI, ONI. 0s1:SEI3- SE11»

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The NYO will maintain contact withwill also ca.nva§N�Y sources in Black National st an an

Chinese Communist activity to determine if these subversiveand racist ements are linked in any way to the �Five

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InRepIy,Pleu.se egg» New York. 572:: YgrkHana November 3, i903

Five Percenters

Racial Matters

The October 15, 1965 edition of "The New York Times"and the "New York Herald Tribune", daily New York City newspaper,both contained articles on page one dealing w th a speech andimpromptu press conference given by Livingsto �wingate onOctober 1%, 1965, before the eastern regional nferenoe of theUrban League at the Belmont Plaza Hotel,_§g�_1pr City. The twoarticles were respectively captioned "Hingate warns of NegroRevolt If Haryou�s Program Is Curbed" and "Harlem &#39;5 Percenters�-Terror Group Revealed�. Wingate is the Executive Di§§g§g;_oftbeiH§E§em anti~poverty program known as Harlem Yo�th OpportunitiesUnlimitedi�ssocieted Community Teams HARYOU-ACT!. Both articlespoint out that wingate has been criticized for his handling ofthe program and that he is currently under investigation by theManhattan District Attorney�s Office and the Federal authoritiesfollowing charges of fiscal mismanagement�g§

According to these articles Hingate, in his speech andpress conference, denied any fiscal wrongdoing and claimed thatthe spending of certain monies on his part was necessary to avertracial violence in Harlem during the pest summer. Wingate&#39;s maintheme was that if anything happened to HARYOU-ACT there92woulddefinitely be racial violence. On this latter point, he referredto a mysterious "armed" group of negro youth who are �prepared todie� in a struggle against white people. Wingate refused toidentify this group by name stating he feared for his life if hetalked too much. He further implied that only HARYOU-ACT was

stopping this group from acting{Jif}

3? INFURHWUN BUNTMHEU3351 ES HCLRWFU

nAT£ BY c. 1: LQ,

/3% ""/é"¢-v , &#39;

This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of

the Federal Breau of Investigation FBI!. It is the property ofthe FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are notto be distributed outside your agency.

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Both of these articles further indicated that Hingetewas apparently epeeking or a Black Muslimjgriented extremistyouth group known as the "Five Percentere"[yo]

On October 15, 1965, e confidential source who hasfurnished reliable information in the past, advised that the"Five Peroenters� is e particularly vicious type of e etreetgang in New York City composed of Negro youths who have foundin their Muslim form of indoctrination a mysterious ideologythat seems to unite and inspire them. The gang is composedof approximately 200 youths in New York City ranging in age from12 to 21. Approximately 125 of them are centered in the Eeriemsection of New York City around the 120 series of streets boundedby Seventh and Lenox Avenues. The remainder are scatteredthroughout the Bronx, Brooklyn and Queens with concentrationsin the Fort Greene eree of Brooklyn end the Seint Mery&#39;e Earn Asection of the LBronx. _>,_,92 5,l?"1"§�f&#39;§M_l_;1___�__~,il

This same source advised that tn -0 iginal leader of_§ercentersQ92wes oneu�larenoe Smi¬EK§oware,g}eo known

M Clarence 132 �mitt "?udoin" who wee a former"nenber-

QfItneWNationk;f }e%e§Q e0§§.�Uoware&#39;1e e"36 y5:¬ oiqwggggglh h �t 1 � .�t; K12 �iiioeiif� JZm§eiq§i§§, PZ�§$�yZ§fii £3 Nwihmli, §e.__._._.??6�§ I �1indootrineted tneee youths in the pereerteo HQI ioro oi Muslimideology with anti-white overtones. Joware and Howell werearrested for felonious eesault with four youthful "Five Percentere"in New York City on May 31, 1965, and gosh are still incarcerated

waiting tria which has been eostpone ue to a court orderedpsychiatric examination of &#39; /Ere. Following the jailing ofJowere and Howell one Eugenggqggte, aka "Hebeke", a Negro maleage 22, assumed e leadershi op ition wit� EEe�"Five*Peroenters".However, on August 29, 1965, white wee arrested for sellingmerijueneto one or one gang members end is ourrently eweitingsentencing after having entered a guilty p1eaLy:3

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Five Percenters

Racial Matters

A characterization of the N01 is attached heretoand all sources therein have furnished reliableinformation in the past yu92

�n Hovember l, 1965, this sane source advised that onOctober 19, 1965, White was sentenced to two years in prison bythe Bronx County Supreme Court, New York, on the above mentioned

chargeiye

On October 15, 1965, this source advised that themaning of "Five Percent� is that 85% of the Negroes are cattlewho Just follow along, 10% are Uncle Toms while the remaining5%, which they represent, are the real leaders of the Negropeople. The Muslim type of indoctrination whieh they receive,in addition to the adoption of a Muslim name, is the memorizationof the questions and answers put out by the NOI and whizh theirnew members must learn. This list of questions and answersappears to have originated with Jowars, who was an NOI memberunder the name of Clarenc l I Smith and undoubtedly obtained

it when he joined the NOI¬%~§{ &#39; ¢This source further advised that the "Five Percenters"

have been responsible for numerous assaults and nuggings, chieflyaimed at whites on the fringe area of Harlem. However, if awhite victim cannot be located they have no reservation aboutchoosing a Negro victim. They have also caused a great deal oftrouble in schools, chiefly Junior High School number 120 atMadison Avenue and 120th Street in Harlem, where they disruptclasses, demand to be called by their Muslim names and haveassaulted some teachers. Since the Jailing of Jowars, Howelland White they have no overall leadership although they instructeach other in �uslim�type ideology and the practice of judo andkarate. They have no meeting place other than the street, schoolyards and Public parks. Although some members of the "FivePercenters� may . have access to weapons, there is nothing

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Five Peroenters

Racial Matters

to indicate that this gang is armed or has a cache of arms andweapons stored in Harlem. Also, there is nothing to indicatethat they train in garrotting or hand to hand killing methods[uq

Although the general attitude of the "Five Peroenters"is one of anti-white, there is no definite policy or program ofviolence against whites other than the above mentioned assaultsand muggings. The gang has never engaged in any pre-meditatedattack on a police officer and the one incident involving anassault of a police officer in which they were involved grewout of a disorderly conduct arrestKy9292

This source further advised that the "Five Peroenters"are not known to have any direct ties with the N61, Muslim Mosque,Incorporated g�ml!, Organization of Afro-American Unity, Incor-porated OAAU , Revolutionary Action Movement RAM!, the individualarrested in 1965 for attempting to blowup the Stat of Liberty,or with the Castroite Cubans or Chinese Communistsjii,!

are attached hereto and all sources thereinCharacterizations of the MMI, OAAU, and RAMQ�

_ _ I"

have furnished reliable information in the pas�¢A.

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APPENDIX1.

EU51§¥_M9§QE§i_lN¢9R?@3£$?D ��ll

The March 13, 196M edition of "The New YorkTimes," a daily newspaper published in New York, New York,contained an article on page 20 which indicated thatMALCOLM K LITTLE!, former national official of theNation of Islam N01! who brcke with the NOI on March 8,196%, publicly announced in New York City on March 12,196M, that he had formed the Muslim Mosque, Incorporated MMIThe MMI, according to the article, would be a broadly basedpolitically oriented black nationalist movement for Negroesonly, financed by voluntary contributions. In this publicstatement, MALCOLM X urged Negroes to abandon the doctrineof non-violence when it is necessary to defend themselves inthe civil rights struggle, and he also suggested thatNegroes form rifle clubs to protect their lives and propertyin time of emergencies in areas wher the government isunable or unwilling to protect them.é9292

Incorporation papers of the MMI filed on March 16,196a, with the Business Section, Clerk of Courts, New YorkCounty, New York, New York, reflect that the MMI wasincorporated under the Religious Corporation Law t� theState of New York to work for the imparting of the IslamicFaith and Islamic Religion in accordance with "acceptedIslamic principals.� The principal place of worship�tobe loosed in the Borough of Manhattan, New York, New Yorkiygw

The May 23, 196R edition of the "New York AmsterdamNews," a weekly Negro newspaper published in New York City,contained an article by columnist JAMES BOOKER in which heindicated that he had heard that the visit by MALCOLM Xwith Muslim leaders during his African tour has changedhim to become more re1igiousQ9;92

On October 6, 196%, a confidential sourceadvised that the MMI is apparently affiliated with thetrue orthodox Islamic Religion through its affiliationwith the Islamic Foundation of New York!, 1 RiversideDrive, New York City. he only teachings of the MMI areon the Islamic Religioa£§92§ &#39;

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This confidential source advised on May 17, 196that the headquarters of the MMI are located in Suite 128Hotel Theresa, 2090 Seventh Avenue, New York New York,where they were established on March 16, 195$. Theseheadquarters are shared with the Organization sf Afr0- K�American Unity DAAU! which was also headed by MALCOLM X

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1; APPENDIX

NATION OF ISLAM

In January, 195?, a source advised ELIJAH MUHAMMADhas described his organization on a nationwide basis as the&#39;Nstion or Islam� and �Muhsmmsd�s Temples of Is1am.QoJ!

On May 7, 1965, a second source advisedELIJAH MUHAMMAD is the national leader of the Nation�of Islam N01!; Muhammad&#39;s Temple of Islam Number 2,5335 South Greenwood Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, is the-national headquarters of the N01; and in mid-1960 Muhammadand other NOI officials, when referring to Muhammad&#39;s orgenizaion a nationwide basis, commenced using either �Mosque� or�Tsmple� when mentioning one of �Muhammad&#39;s Temples of Islamhiiu

The N01 is an all-Negro organization which wasoriginally organized in 1930 in Detroit, Michigan. MUHAMADclaims to have been selected by Allah, the Supreme Being,to lead the so-celled Negro race out of slavery in thewilderness of North America by establishing an independentblack nation in the United States Members followingMUHAMMAD&#39;s teachings and his interpretation of the �Koran�believe there is no such thing as a Negro; the so-calledNegroes are slaves of the white recs; referred to as"white devils," in the United States; and the white race,because of its exploitation of the so-called Negroes, mustand will be destroyed in the approaching "War of Armageddon p_!

In the past, officials and members of the ROI,including MUHAMMAD, have refused to register under theprovisions of the Selective Eervice Acts and havedeclar d that members owe no allegiance to the United

Ststesi&£92V On May 5, l958,the first source advised MUHAMMAD _

had, upon advice of legal counsel, tempered his personalstatements and instructions to his ministers concerning theprinciples of his organization in order to avoid possibleprosecution by the United States Government; however, he didnot indicate any fundamental changes in the teachings or

his orgenizatioh�yswOn May 3, 1965 a third source advised MUHAMMAD

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1. APPENDIX

GYGANIZATION or AFRO-AMERICAN

W�§&#39;1&#39;l1&#39;i INQQRPOEATEP LWMLL! __,

On June 28, 1963, MALCOLM X LITTLE, founder andleader of the Muslim Mosque, Incorporated {MMI!, publiclyannounced the formation of a new, all Negro, militantcivil rights action group to be known as the Organizationof Afro-American Unity OAAU!, with himself as Chairman.This announcement was made st a public rally held by theMMI in the Au bonEsllroom, Broadway and 166th Street,New York Cityi§Q92

A printed and published statement of basicDAAU aims read by MALCOLM X at this meeting indicatesthat it shall include "all" people of African descentin the Western Hemisphere, as well as "our" brothersand sisters on the African continent. It is patternedafter the �letter and spirit" of the Organization ofAfrican Unity established by African h ads of States!at A�dis Ababa, Ethicpia, in May, 1963.&i:!

A recording of the remarks of MALCOLM X atthis meeting indicates that the aim of theOAaU is toeliminate differences between Negroes so they can worktogether for "human rights," while the initial objectiveis to "internationalize" the American civil rights move-ment by taking it to the United Nations. LITTLE condemnedthe non-violent civil rights movement and claims thatNegroes should be taught to protect themselves, whenand if necessary. The OAAU will sponsor a program for�egrces of ed cation, politics, culture, economics, endsocial reformE§k9292

On May 17, 1965, e confidential source advisedthat the headquarters of the UAAU are located in MMI head-quarters, Sui e 128, Hotel Theresa, 2099 7th Avenue,New York City¬§§T92 _

MALCOLM X was assassinated on February 21, 1965,while addressing an OAAU rally at the Audubon Ballroom,New York Cit�k8Q3 -

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On April 13, 1965, a second confidential sourceadvised that on March 26, 1965, the OAAU filed a Certificateof Incorporation with the Department of State, State ofNew York, Albany, New York, and henceforth the organiza-tion&#39;s true name will be Organization of Afro-American

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1. APPENDIX

B§uptUTlQN§RY,aQTIQN MOVEMENT

On November 3, 196k, a source made available adocument entitled �The Revolutionary Action Movement Manifesto,"the document having been obtained by the source from anindividual kno to be a member of the Revolutionary Action

Movement RAM!�{§u]This document stated, in part, that RAM was officially

organized in the winter of 1963 by Afro-Americans who supportthe revolutionary objectives of ROBERT F. WILLIAMS, nowresiding in Cuba, and his concept of organized violence toachieve the liberation of the Afro-American people in theUnited States, This Manifesto disclosed that RAM had orientedits program to one of education and political revolution andthe organization of a "black" political party with revolutionaryobjectives, having recognized the need for a "black revolution"that could and would seize power. RAM philosophy is describedin this document as one of revolutionary nationalism, that is,one involving the struggles of the nonwhite races of the worldagainst exploitation and enslavement by the white capitalistand imperialist nations{@oF}

Regarding WILLIAMS, it should be noted that onaugust 28, 1961, a Federal warrant was issued at Charlotte,North Carolina, charging him with Unlawful Flight to AvoidProsecution for the crime of kidnapping. Subsequent to theissuance of this warrant, WILLIAMS fled the United states toCuba, where he now publish a monthly newsletter entitled"The Crusader" from Havana�lox

This source in September, 196M, advised RAM isdedicated to the overthrow of the capitalist system in theUnited States, by violence if necessary, and to its replacementby a socialistic system oriented toward the Chinese communistinterpretation of Marxism-Leninism. RAM is entirely nonwhitein membership, clandestine in nature, and owes its primaryallegiance to the "Bandung world," that is, the nonwhite racesof the world rather than to any national entity, as suchQ3~!

On November 16, 196%, s second source advised helearned recently from an RAM member that the organizationbegan in Detroit, Michigan, largely under the impetus ofDOE FREEMRN, described as the "Father" of RAM and referred to

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REVOLUTIONARY ACTION movenzur

as RAM&#39;s "Black Stalin." FREEMAN served as RAM Chairmen,with MAXWELL STANFORD, now of New York City, formerly of &#39;

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, serving as HAM Field Chairman y.!This source stated in May, 1965, there has been no

formal headquarters, as such, for RAM but that headquartershave been with FREEMAN since he has played such a dominant rolein the leadership of and has directed the policies and

activities of the organization1E_wwithin recent months, according to the second source,

dissension within RAM has become evident and some dissatisfaction

with FREEMAN&#39;s leadership has arisen. So f r as is known, how-ever, he remains the titular leader of RAM.Q§.92

T0 date, according to the second source in May, 1965,RAH has organized uniis and membership in several of the largercities in the United States east of the MississiPPi River andthe organization is currently active in attempt ng to recruitnew members and expand its sphere of influence oL.]

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riot occurred during the Summer ofncreesed apprehension in Harlem

the "Five

gang which advocates violence

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..~ _statea tnau 0*: no occasion was it saidthe troun;e on ~anua"y 15, 19am, would be caused by the

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arena" work*r~ &#39;» P=:lex to aid and train Harlem youths. 23:7/�the Ybuth Cadet Corps groups have* *"*" � &#39;" ~ iiforms and sporting equipment £?»7£;

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and he is concerned 2&1: the Five Percenters" are allegedlytrying to take over these groups{};§

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Cadet Co�ps and have pertiaipeteu in itsto have join e bud J5 L . �sports and other ""~¢�~"" but do not in any way control oréominate it. in fact that the UB3 has beensuccessful "Five ?ercenter&#39;s" to quit association that grc>u;Q..>.,,~!

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represents a local police prob1em,"the-NYO is conducting nofurther investigation. All pertinent NY sources have beenadvised to be alert for activities of and information on thisgroup and if information is developed reflecting a linkbetween theqleno any subversive organization, this matter willbe reopened u» i _

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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT or JUSTICE-.

3.� �ha �;.E."}E§g;§%5? FEDERAL BUREAU OFINTESTIGATIDN

New York, New York

1;; R»$§.I>=w¢ Rowe December 29, 1965 Me . _, I __ _ _v _ � A

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_ 7 1 ;~ *_? � live eroente e�--b*&#39;*§�;":d§� &#39;* nl F P Q~"*1c 5 &#39;*_&#39;$w=*;L Racial Matters ug}

Reference is made to the memorandum captioned asabove and dated November 3, 1965 at New York, and a memorandumdated November 21¢, 1965 at New York captioned "Possible RacialViolence, Major Urban Areas, Racial Metters�Q9M92

. sources who are familiar with activities in the New York Cityarea of the Nation of Islam N01!, Muslim Mosque, IncorporatedllRevolutionary Action Movement RAM!, racial mtters, black ;

&#39; nationalist, Chinese Communist and Cuban matters advised that§with the below exception they knew f no link between the FivgL Percenters and these organizetionscik92 §

F

; Characterizations of the NOI, MM1, OAAU jugiiand RAM are attached hereto ~ PQtiai M E-

- informetio. lncicating at a number o iegro you s in the gHarlem area of New York City, who claim to be Five Percenters;are affiliating and hanging around with Negro playwright_LeroiJones and his Black Arts Repetory Theater, a black nation list

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During November and December, 1965, numerous confidential?

MHZ!, Organization of Afro-American Unity, Incorporated �AAU!,/

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_&#39;JPlay for Cuba Committee FPCC

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dec sification

This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of

FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency;and its contents are not to be distributed outside your ago cy.

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Five Percenters

The August 5, 1961; edition of the "Buffel�!!!I|l|!l!Courier Express�, a daily Buffalo, NewYork newspaper, contained an article onpage four of the appearance by LeroiJones at a public meeting held inthe headquarters of the Workers WorldParty WWP!, 831 Main Street, Buffalo,New York on August 4, 196%. Accordingto this article Jones urged Negroes todisassociete themselves from "the American

way of life", to quit their Jobs, to stopvoting and to steel food to live. Heasserted that the �the American way oflife� had done nothing for the Negroand he predicted that racial strifein the nation would grow increasinglyworse. He was further quoted in thearticle as stating: "I am in troublebecause I�d tell any son of mine notto fight in any of these silly weregoing on and I&#39;d tell my children todeep e everything this country stands

for.%§J92 �c/i �

Characterizations of the FPCC and the

UWWP are attached heretoQ$:!

During November and December, 1955, numeroussources familiar with activities in the New York City ares

of the NOI, MI, DAAU, RAM, black nationalist and racialmatters advised that they knew nothing concerning any plannedor rumored violence or disturbance by the Five Percentersor 0 er racist group scheduled to take place on January 15,

l955�*--92 - b¢éAmm, W 197$

l , or to develop anytion that the Five had pleps to cause trouble

on this or any other specific da

A sources herein have furhished reliable info�Eiii�I!H!�¥~in the past 92.92.92 &#39;

cons EN"I�IAL_ 2 - jai

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1, APPENDIX

raga PLAY EQR_CU§A_CO§MITTEE

The April 6, 1960, edition of "The New York J�iiiiiiiihtTimes" newspaper contained a full�page advertisementcaptioned "What Is Really Happening In Cuba,� placed by aene Fair Play for Cuba Committee race!, Ihie advertise-ment announced the formation of the FPCC in New York Cityand declared the FPCC intended to promulgate "the truthabout revoluticna Cuba" to neutralize the distorted

American prees }AF3H�The New York Times" edition of January ll,

1961, reported that at a hearing conducted before theUnited States Senate Internal Security Subcommittee onJanuary l0, 1961, Dr, CHARLES Ac 5AN$O§-BUCH identifiedhimself and ROBERT TAEEB as organizers of the FPCC. Healso testified he and TABER obtained funds from the CubanGovernment which were ap ied toward the cost of the afore-

mentioned advertisement.%ie�3I

5 On May 16, 1963, a source advised that duringthe first two years of the FPCC&#39;s existence there was astruggle between communist Party CP! and Socialist workersBarty SW?! elements to exert their power within the FPCCand thereby influence FPCC pglicy. This source added thatduring the past year there had been a successful effor� byFPCC leadership to minimize the role of these and other�organizations in the FPCC so that their influence as ofMay, 1963, was negligibleC§kI92 -

§ The SH? has been designated pursuant to_ Executive Order 1045o g;! _

K

On Hay 20, 1963, a second source advised that 1VINCENT "TED" LEE, FPCC National Office Director, was thenformulating FP6C policy and had indicated that he had no ;intention of permitting FPCC policy to be determined by 1any other organization. This source atated that LEE 1believed that the FPCC should advocate resumption of 92diplomatic relations between Cuba and the United Staten 1and should a ppo the right of Cubans to manage their ;revolution uicnceé interierence iron other nations, lEE 1did not advocate supporting the Cuban revolution per aging?

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APPENDIX

F131 ePI=e§;P0&_e§!-{B-A eomtmie <69!-liiBilrliHL.&#39;I�he November 23, 1963, edition of "The New York G

%imee" reparte� that Eenater THGEAS J, D033 of Cenneetieuthad called PPCC "the chief public relation: instrument ofthe CASTRO network in the United States." It is tc be notedthat Senator DODD was a member of the Senate Internal SecuritySubcomittee yhich twice conducted hearing: an the FPCC pL92

x .

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The December 27, 1963, edition of "The New YorkWorld Telegram �nd Sun" newspaper stated that the pro-CASTRU FPCC was deeking to go out of business and thatits prime activity �uring ita lifetime had been epe�Ber-ship of pro-CASTRO street rallies and mesa picket lines,and the direction or an active propaganda mill highlightingillegal travel-to-Cuba eampaigns. Its comparatively briefspan of life wee attributed to meunting anti-GAsTBO Americanpublic opinion, the 162 Congressional hearings which die�elesed FPCC financing by CASTRO&#39;s United Nations Delegation,and ultimately, the bad publicity which the FPCC receivedfrom discloeure of activities on 1ts,behe1f by auspected

presidential assassin, IEEKH. OSWALDQ9,>§On February 6, IQEH, the previdusly mentione�r

second source advised that Y. T. LEE hadireeently remarkedthat the FPCC wee eead and that there eeee no plane toorganize another similar orgqnizationIy¢1, On April 13, 1961+, it third Bungee advised thatthere had not been any FPCC activity in qany months andthat the FPCC had been dissoltedkgix t

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The March 13, 196%, edition of "The New YorkTimes", e daily newspaper published in New York, New York,eonteineo en ertiele on page 26 which indicated thatMAL�OIMiX LITTLE!, former national official of the Nationof Islam N01! who broke with the no: on March B, 196%,publicly announced in New York City on March 12, 1963, thathe had formed the Muslim Mosque, Incorporated MMI!. The MEI,according to the article, would be a broadly based politicallyoriented black nationalist movement for Negroes, only,financed by voluntary contributions, In this public statement,MALCOLM X urged Negroes to abandon the doctrine of non~violence when it is necessary to defend tnemeelvee in thecivil rights struggle, and he also suggested that Negroesform rifle clubs to protect their lives and property in timeor emergencies in areas where the government is unable orunwilling to protect them.Qe>92

Incorporation papers or the MMI filed on March 16,196%, with the Business Section, Clerk of Courts, New YorkCounty, New York, New York, reflect that the MMI wasioeorporated under the Religious Sorporetioo lee of the Stateof New York to work for the imparting of the Islamic Faithone Islamic Religion in eocor�ance with "accepted Islamicprincipals", The principal place of wor�hip to be locatedtin the Borough of Manhattan; New York, New YorkQ5,§

The May 23, 196b, edition or the �New York AmsterdamHews�, a weekly Negro newspaper published in New York City,contained an article by oolumnist JAMES BOOKER in which heindioateo that he had nearo that the visit ty HALEGLH X withMuslim leaders during his African tour has changed him tnbecome soft in hie anti-white feelings and to become more

rellgiOUs{&;;92 Lon October 6, 196%, a confidential sourie advised

that the MI is apparently affiliated with the&#39;true orthodox 92Islamic Religion through its affiliation with the Islamic E��ia�ggi�tFoundation of New York!, 1 River�ide Drive, New York Cit , A_The only teachings of the MMI are on the Islamic Re1igion{_q f

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This confidential source advised on May 17, 1965,that the headquarters of the MMI are located in Suite 128,Hotel Theresa, 2090 Seventh Avenue, New York, New York,where they were established on March 16, 1963, These

Q.

?&#39;F~I5Pl_M, 3�!Q59�l¥3�e ImQ3§9§�e�.l&#39;E5" * Mm! "

headquarters are shared with the Grganizaiion 01 giro-AmericaUnity, Incorporated OAAU! which was also headed by MALCOLM XT§&!

MALCOLM X was assassinated on February 21, 1965,while addressin an OAAU rally at the Audubon Ballreom,

, Broadway and l�éth Street, New York c1ty{&k92� This same confidential source advised on

September B, 1965, that the activities of the MMI followingthe death of MALCOLM X were limited to the teaching of

!!l classes in the Islamic religion and e class in Judo for% self�protection, These classes were held regularly until5 &#39; the latter part of July, 1965, when they were discontinued.f Since then, the MMI has held no meetings and there has been

absolutely no activ ty by the MMI which appears ts becdmgletely "dead". UQX "E

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1; APPENDIX _

i~TsT�l0N CF lSLA}�~i 5In January, 195?, a source advised ELIJAH MUHAMMAD

has described his organization on a nationwide bssis as the�Nation of Islam� and �Muhammad&#39;s Temples of Islam{Q;!

Oh May 7, 1965, s second source advisedELIJAH MUHAMMAD is the national leader of the Nation�

of Islam N01!; Muhammed�s Temple of Islam Number 2,5335 South Greenwood Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, is the�national headquarters of the NOI; and in mid-1960 Muhammadand other N01 officials, when referring to Muhsmmsd�s_organiza&#39;on s nationwide basis, commenced using either �Mosque� or�Temple* when mentioning one of �Muhammad&#39;s Temples of Isls�gyq

The ROI is an all-Negro organization which wasoriginally organized in 1930 in Detroit, Michigan. MUHAMMADclaims to have been selected by Allah, the Supreme Being,to lead the so»called Negro race out of slavery in thewilderness of North America by establishing an independentblack nation in the United States Members following _MUHAMMAD&#39;s teachings and his interpretation of the �Koran�believe there is no such thing as a Negro; the sogcalledNegroes are slaves of the white recs_ referred to§as�white devils,� in the United Ststesi and the white race,because of its exploitation of the so»ca1led Negroes; must ,and will be destroyed in the approaching �War of ArmsgeddonlUE§

In the past, officials and members of the NOI,including MUHAMMAD, have refused to register under theprovisions of the Selective Service Acts and havedeclare hat members owe no allegiance to the United

StatesXi;E92On Hey 5, l95B,the first source advised MUHAMMAD

had, upon advice of legal counsel, tempered his personalstatements and instructions to his ministers concerning theprinciples of his organization in order to avoid possibleprosecution by the United States Government; however, he didnot indicate any fundamental changes in the teachings ofhis organization§§5:92 -

mm�On May 3, 1965 s third�source advised MUhad, early in July, isié, decided to do-emphasise thereligious aspects of the teachings of Islam and to stressthe economic b nerits to be derived by those Negroes who

joined the soI?Q~.92H-:55 EH l

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o iURGANIZATIGH GF AFRO-AMERICAN __

iTNI�l�Y, INCORj�_f>HAT"E*>:_lOAA1[L

On Jime 28, 1961:, r-ntczouvx 2: LITTLE, founder andleader of the Muslim Mosque, Incorpoyated MMI!, publi�lyannounced the formation of a new, all Negro, militantcivil rights action group to be known as the Organizationof Itfrc-American Unity QAAU!, with himselit� as Chairman.This announcement was made at a public rally held by theHMI in the Audubon Ballroom, Broadway end 165th Street,New York City,Q§fx

A printed and published statement of basicOAAU aims reed by MALCOLM X st this meeting indicatesthat it shall include "all" people of African descentin the western Hemisphere, as well as "our" brothersand sisters on the African continent. It is patterned

after the "letter and spirit" of the Organization ofAfrican Unity esteblisnee {by African needs of States}at Addie Abeba, Ethiopia, in May, 1963.�.92 e

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A recording of the remarks of MALCOLM X �tthis meeting indicates that the aim of the OAAU is toeliminate differences between Negroes so they can worktogether for "human rights," while the initial objectiveis to "internationalize" the American civil rights move-ment by taking it to the United Nations. LITTLE condemned4-1»-92.»~s U&#39; l92&#39;P92 wrln.1-92-92-F A_¢l*ov-I1 -um,-I rn�#92J-Q0 rn.¢9211r92~:u92:-u|z92+- n&#39;r92r1 .r92&#39;|4!|"h»1�=JL1¢ ll92-J11� U v L 92|&#39;CI;|-1&#39;6-£192¢ El-U-I 92&#39;J-�lnullllllii h|l.Iv@I&#39;92I~

Negroes should be taught to protect themselves, whenand if necessary. The OAAU will sponsor a program forNegroes of ed&#39;cation, politics, culture, economics, and

social reforn�g>;9292On May 17, 1955, a confidential source advised

that the headquarters of the OAAU are located in MMI heed-querters, Suite 128, Hotel Theresa, 2090 7th Avenue,�ew York Citynékl

6

MALCOFN X was assassinated on February 21, 1965, &#39;while ad .I&#39;eseing an OAAU rally at the Audubon Ballroom,

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_ 7 f _ 1955, e second canfidential sourceadvised that on March 26, 1965, the OAAU filed a Certificate

the Department of State, State ofNew Yerk, Albany, New York, and henceforth the organiza-t1an�s true name will be Organization of AfrO~AmericanTTr=H "P-rr Tv92nr921~1n--�~<r-and-.-�Q I1. &#39;9292!AA.-L VJ 3 .|,L492.�-I-L _V92J&l1UL792Ju�&r 3

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§§VP1§�?PsI¬>*%F2FY @229� reveeeOn November 3, 196%, a source made available a

document entitled "The Revolutionary Action Movement Manifesto,"the document having been obtained by the source from anindividual kno to be a member of the Revolutionary Action

Movement RAM!?E§:92This document stated, in part, that HAM was officially

organized in the winter of 1963 by Afro-Americans who supportthe revolutionary objectives of ROBERT F. WILLIAMS, nowresiding in Cuba, and his concept of organized violence toachieve the liberation of the Afro-American people in theUnited states. This Manifesto disclosed that RAM had oriented

its program to one of education and political revolution andthe organization of a "black" political party with revolutionaryobjectives, having recognized the need for a "black revolution�that could and would seize power. RAM philosophy is describedin this document as one of revolutionary nationalism, that is,one involving the struggles of the nonwhite races of the worldagainst exploitation and enslavement by the white capitalist

and imperialist nations&8;92

Regarding WILLIAMS, it should be noted that onAugust 28, 1961, a Federal warrant was issued at Charlotte,North Carolina, charging him with Unlawful Flight to AvoidProsecution for the crime of kidnapping. Subsequent to theissuance of this warrant, WILLIAMS fled the United States toCuba, where he now publish s a monthly newsletter entitled"ihe crusader" from HavanaEoa92

This source in September, 1963, advised RAM isdedicated to the overthrow of the capitalist system in theUnited States, by violence if necessary, and to its replacementby a socialistic system oriented toward the Chinese communistinterpretation of Marxism-Leninism. RAM is entirely nonwhitein membership, clandestine in nature, and owes its primaryallegiance to the "Bandung World," that is, the nonwhite racesof the world rather than to any national entity, as suchQo=§

On November 16, 196M, s second source advised helearned recently from an RAM member that the organizationbegan in Detroit, Michigan, largely under the impetus ofDON FREEMAN, described as the "Father" of RAM and referred to

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as RAM*s "Black Stalin." FREEMAN served as RAM Chairman,with MAXWELL STANFORD, now of New York City, fcrmerly of "Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, serving as RAM Field Cha1rmsnQ§,]

This source stated ;n May, 1965, there has been noformal headquarters, as such, for HAM but that headquartershave been with FREEMAN since he has played such a dominant rolein the leadership of and has d rested the policies and

activities of the organ1zatisniyQ92within recent months, according to the second source,

dissension within RAM has become evident and some dissatisfactionwith FREEMAN&#39;s lea��rship has arisen. So far as is known, how~ever, he rémains the titular leader of sAm1§9292

To date. according to the second source in May, 1955,RAM has organized units endimembership in several of the larger

1 4 dcities in the United States east sf the hlssissippi Rtver anthe organization is currently active in attempting to recruitnew members ans expand its sphere of influence{?~92

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On April 17, l95§, a confidential source advised thaton February 12, 1959, e Socialist workers Party SW?! minoritygroup under the leadership of National Committee member,SAM BALLAN, epiit from the s@PQ9I}

The source stated that this minority group, referredto as the Maroyites, after many years of program and policydifferences on varied iesuee oonoerning teotioe andinterpretation of political events, split from the SW?on the grounds that the Party was liquidating itself by departingfrom the Marxist precepts of LEON TROTSKY and retreating fromthe fight for the world sooieliet revolution. The finalissue which ultimately forced the split was the minority*eopposition to the SWP regroupment policy which invoiced co-operation with the communist Party :3?! periphery-11-�ividusl�characterized by the minority as petty~bourgeois §u§ �

The minority progrem, according to source, eivooetedunconditional defense of the soviet Union and has as itsgoal the building of a revolutionary party with a cmpleteproleterien orientation for the purpose of overthrowing icapitalism in the United States and throughout the world§¢5.!

on May 12, 1960, source edvised that this minoritygroup had chosen the name workers World PartyQ92,92_,»92

; " I

On May 3, 1965, second source advised that theWorkers world Party, which maintains headquarters at 45 WEB? 2153Street, New York, New York, supports the People�s Republic

»3,�* of chine in its ideological dispute with the Soviet Unioi@¢_9292

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n talking about young Negroes intbs Brooklyn Bedford Stuyvesant area. He stated that on severaloccasions in a local park near Tompkins and Lafayette Avenues,many young Negroes would gather and openly discuss the tenseracial si*va*�o* throughout Be�ford Stuyvesant and the rest ofthe US.EP&#39;1ent:ioned thaton two occasions a young Negroapproxi .ely 19 years of age who calls himself ALLAH, who standsapproximately 5&#39;11" and weighs l?O pounds, dark brown skin andwears his hair in an Afro, has spoksqabout the fact that the idevils, meaning white man, will not allow young Negroes to haveanything and that you are supposed to beat them up when they somearound. ALLAH mentioned the fast that"thesa younv Negroes werebrothers and sisters since ALLAH was their fathertJ92

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-�- 86 teenagers, may simply be sitting in the park awaiting aturn on the basketball court, a deal at cards or simply a game ofsoftball. At these various gatheringsno individual is consideredthe floor chairman and that an one who desires to discuss anythingsimply stands and can be heardi§J92

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