Fate of trace metals IN SOILS AFTER LAND APPLICATION OF ...

FATE OF TRACE METALS IN SOILS AFTER LAND APPLICATION OF

DIGESTATE

Supervisor: Dr. Hab. Eric van Hullebusch

Co-supervisor: Dr. David Huguenot

Prof. Gilles Guibaud

Prof. Giovanni Esposito

Dr. Yoan Pechaud

MARIE SKŁODOWSKA-CURIE EUROPEAN JOINT DOCTORATE IN ADVANCED BIOLOGICAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES (ABWET)

PhD student: Andreina Laera

07-09-2016

VALORIZATION OF DIGESTATE AS FERTILIZER FOR SOILS

TRACE METALS IN THE DIGESTATE

METHODOLOGIES TO STUDY TRACE METALS

AVAILABILITY

SOCIETAL AND INDUSTRIAL IMPACT OF THIS RESEARCH

CONTENT OF THE PRESENTATION

SOIL FERTILITY

9.500 BC Post second world war period0 Today

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FATE OF TRACE METALS IN THE SOIL AFTER LAND APPLICATION OF DIGESTATE (ABWET DOCTORATE PROJECT)

1.200 BC

Valorization of digestate as fertilizer for soils

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Land

Agriculture and livestock

Organic waste, manure, crops

Anaerobic digestion

Digestate

Biogas

Characteristics of the digestate

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Organic wastes

Digestate

Digestate + soil

The digestate inherit the chemical properties of the substrates

Nkoa, R. (2014). Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 34(2), 473–492.Risberg, K. (2015). Quality and function of anaerobic digestion residues. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala.

The microbial biomass, macronutrients and micronutrients content of the digestate can improve the agronomic characteristic of soils

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Pathogens

N2ONH3

Physical contaminants Heavy metals and

organic pollutants

Risks related to the land application of digestate

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Product residue must meet the following condition in order to be considered a by-product:

• Further use of the substance or object is certain;

• The substance or object can be used directly without any further processing other than normal industrial practice;

• The substance or object is produced as an integral part of a production process; and

• Further use is lawful, i.e. the substance or object fulfils all relevant product, environmental and health-protection requirements forthe specific use and will not lead to overall adverse environmental or human health impacts.

European regulations

Waste framework Directive (2008/98/EC)

Guidelines on the interpretation of key provisions of Directive 2008/98/EC on wasteAl Seadi and Lukehurst (2012). Quality management of digestate from biogas plants used as fertilizer.

National regulations

Legislation on digestate:• Pathogen control• Limit values of heavy metals per hectare agricultural land or per type of soil

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Trace metals in digestate

Organic wastes, manure

DIGESTATE

inp

ut

Zn

Fe

Mg

Mn

Ni

Co

Cu

Fe

Ni

Co

Supplement in anaerobic digester

Rintala et al. (2010). Valorisation of food waste to biogas.

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DM: dry matterMTT1, MTT2: substrates derived from Maa Ja Elintarviketalouden Tutkimuskeskus in Finland. The substrate is food waste.R1, R2, R3, R4: samples of digestate deriving from different anaerobic digesters. The substrate is vegetable waste + waste activatedsludge.F2: samples of digestate deriving from 2-phase anaerobic digester. The substrate is organic fraction of municipal solid waste.


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Ni: 0.47 mg kg-1 DM before digestion -> 42.39 mg kg-1 DM after digestion

Zn: 28.2 mg kg-1 DM before digestion -> 1099 mg kg-1 DM after digestion

Mn: 8.8 mg kg-1 DM before digestion -> 283.7 mg kg-1 DM after digestion

Co: 0.14 mg kg-1 DM before digestion -> 31.28 mg kg-1 DM after digestion


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Pb: 0.20 mg kg-1 DM before digestion -> 99.21 mg kg-1 DM after digestion

Hg: 0.05 mg kg-1 DM before digestion -> 2.49 mg kg-1 DM after digestion

Cd: 0.02 mg kg-1 DM before digestion -> 1.50 mg kg-1 DM after digestion

Cr: 1.09 mg kg-1 DM before digestion -> 37.29 mg kg-1 DM after digestion

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Soil as a sink of trace metals

Digestate

SOIL

Zn

Mg

Mn

Cu

Fe

Ni

Co

What is the fate of trace metals?

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Fate of trace metals in the soil

Interactive processes in the soil system affecting the partitioning of trace metals between the aqueous and

solid phases. (Adopted from :Adriano, D.C. (2001))

Adriano, D.C. (2001). Trace elements in terrestrial environments: Biogeochemistry, Bioavailability, and Risks of Metals. 2ed. Springer Verlag, New York

Methodologies to study trace metals availability

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Sequential extraction

Filgueiras et al. (2002). Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM, 4, 823-857

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Operationally defined fraction

Extractant

Exchangeable

Acid soluble(carbonate)

Easily reducible(Mn oxides)

Easily oxidisable(humic and fulvic acids)

Moderately reducible(amorphous and Fe

oxides)

Oxidisable(oxides+sulphide)

Poorly reducible oxides(crystalline Fe oxides)

ResidualResidual

MET

AL

MO

BIL

ITY

CaCl2, MgCl2, NH4OAc, BaCl2

HOAc, NaOAc

NH2OH, HCl

K2P2O7, NaOCl

NH4Ox/HOx, NH2OH, HCl/ HOAc

H2O2, H2O2/NH4OAc

DCB, NH4Ox/AA

HF, HF+NHO3

LEAC

HA

NT STR

ENG

TH


Modified Tessier method

Elements are divided into four fractions:

• Exchangeable

• Bound to carbonates

• Bound to organic matter and sulphides

• Residual

Revised BCR method

Elements are divided into four fractions:

• Exchangeable associated with water and the acid soluble phase

• Bound to iron and manganese oxides (the reducible phase)

• Bound to organic matter and sulphides (the oxidisablephase)

• Residual

Sequential extraction methods

van Hullebusch et al. (2005). Talanta, 65, 549–558 16

BCR: Community Bureau of Reference


Societal and industrial impact of this research

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• This research study on mobility and bioavailability of trace metals inthe environment can help to assess whether trace metals in digestatewill exert a nutritious or toxic effect on plants and associated soilmicroorganisms.

• The utilization of the digestate as amendment for agricultural soilsenable the re-circulation of nutrients back to arable land.

• A careful selection of substrates can guarantee the suitability of usingdigestate as amendment for soils. As a consequence, the willingnessof farmers to use digestate as soil amender would increase.

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Zn

N Fe

P

Mg

Mn Ni

CoCa

K

Cu

Fate of trace metals IN SOILS AFTER LAND APPLICATION OF ...

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