Fast Response Chemical, Biological, & Radiological Dispersion … · USEPA wind tunnel experiment....
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Fast Response Chemical, Biological, & Radiological Dispersion Modeling in Cities QUIC Sensor Siting Tool Hit probability map for first collector Hit probability map for 2 nd collector The QUIC Collector Siting GUI is an automated tool for determining the best (and worst) places to put bio collectors around a building complex. QUIC is a fast response urban dispersion model that runs on a laptop. CBR agent dispersion can be computed on building to neighborhood scales in tens of seconds to minutes. This work is primarily supported by the DHS Biological Countermeasures Program. release location QUIC is comprised of: * QUIC-URB produces 3D wind field around buildings using empirical/ diagnostic model * QUIC-PLUME accounts for building-induced turbulence through Lagrangian random-walk dispersion model * QUIC-GUI graphical user interface for set-up, running, and visualization (QUIC-GUI) What is QUIC? The Quick Urban & Industrial Complex (QUIC) dispersion modeling system Boston DNC DC Mall tracer dispersion simulation The QUIC Graphical User Interface The QUIC-GUI allows for the user to easily set-up building layouts, specify the winds, choose a CBR agent type, and pick a release location. 2D and 3D visualization tools allow the user to rapidly display wind flow and plume dispersion patterns. Why Account for Buildings? How has QUIC been used? How accurate is QUIC? Vulnerability & Threat Assessments A chemical spill vulnerability assessment for a rail car accident. Table-top Training Exercises Urban Field Experiment Design Clean-up & Restoration Studies CBR Sensor Siting for Special Events Outdoor-to-Indoor Infiltration Real-time Response for Specific Sites RDD Explosive-Driven Events Population Exposure Calculations Simulations can be performed to determine how much tracer needs to be released in order to be detected by the samplers, but not over saturate them. Midtown Manhattan simulation. Sampler Over- Saturated Below Detection Threshold Pressures on building surfaces can be computed by QUIC as in this Salt Lake City Simulation. The pressures can then be provided as boundary conditions to indoor models to simulate indoor dispersion. Pressure distribution & flow streamlines Deposition can be calculated on the ground as well on building walls and roofs as in this Washington DC Mall example. The mass of agent on individual faces or buildings can be provided in order to help estimate the magnitude of clean-up efforts. Davidson et al. (1995) Buildings enhance lateral spread. Plan view of smoke dispersing over flat terrain (right) and going through an array of buildings (left). USEPA wind tunnel experiment. Buildings enhance vertical spread. Side view of smoke being lofted high into the air by tall buildings. USEPA experiment from Heist et al. (2004). Lethal concentration threshold patterns are different when buildings are included (left). There is no cross- wind channeling in the non-building aware simulation (right). An explosive release of radioactive particles in a high-rise area showing lofting of lighter particles (red) and trapping of heavier particles (blue). An automated ArcGIS mapping tool can import a QUIC-generated plume (left) and compute exposures to the population (right). University of Ut Measurements Model Results x source QUIC has been tested against both field and wind-tunnel data (see below), but due to the complexities of urban dispersion more testing is needed and is ongoing. QUIC will never give perfect answers, but the it will account for the effects of buildings in an approximate way and provide more realism than non-building aware dispersion models. Plume dispersion comparisons with Salt Lake City Urban 2000 field data (filled circles). Wind field comparisons using L. Manhattan wind-tunnel data (Bowker et al., 2004). Wind-tunnel comparison of the concentration field behind a “high-rise” building. Comparison of vortex circulation in a street canyon wind- tunnel experiment. Model Experimental Wind vectors not scaled to match
Transcript of Fast Response Chemical, Biological, & Radiological Dispersion … · USEPA wind tunnel experiment....
Fast Response Chemical, Biological, & RadiologicalDispersion Modeling in Cities
QUIC Sensor Siting Tool
Hit probability map for first collector Hit probability map for 2nd collector
The QUIC Collector Siting GUI is an automatedtool for determining the best (and worst) places toput bio collectors around a building complex.
QUIC is a fast response urban dispersion modelthat runs on a laptop. CBR agent dispersion canbe computed on building to neighborhood scalesin tens of seconds to minutes.
This work is primarily supported by the DHSBiological Countermeasures Program.
releaselocation
QUIC is comprised of:
* QUIC-URB
produces 3D wind field around buildingsusing empirical/ diagnostic model
* QUIC-PLUME
accounts for building-induced turbulencethrough Lagrangian random-walkdispersion model
* QUIC-GUI
graphical user interface for set-up,running, and visualization (QUIC-GUI)
What is QUIC? The Quick Urban & Industrial Complex(QUIC) dispersion modeling system
Boston DNC
DC Mall tracer dispersion simulation
The QUIC Graphical User Interface
The QUIC-GUI allows for the user to easilyset-up building layouts, specify the winds,choose a CBR agent type, and pick arelease location.
2D and 3D visualization tools allow the userto rapidly display wind flow and plumedispersion patterns.
Why Account for Buildings?
How has QUIC been used?
How accurate is QUIC?
Vulnerability & Threat Assessments
A chemical spill vulnerability assessment fora rail car accident.
Table-top Training Exercises
Urban Field Experiment Design
Clean-up & Restoration Studies
CBR Sensor Siting for Special Events
Outdoor-to-Indoor Infiltration
Real-time Response for Specific Sites
RDD Explosive-Driven Events
Population Exposure Calculations
Simulations can be performed to determine howmuch tracer needs to be released in order to bedetected by the samplers, but not over saturatethem. Midtown Manhattan simulation.
Sampler Over-Saturated
BelowDetectionThreshold
Pressures on building surfaces can be computed byQUIC as in this Salt Lake City Simulation. Thepressures can then be provided as boundaryconditions to indoor models to simulate indoordispersion.
Pressure distribution & flow streamlines
Deposition can be calculated on the groundas well on building walls and roofs as in thisWashington DC Mall example. The mass ofagent on individual faces or buildings can beprovided in order to help estimate themagnitude of clean-up efforts.
Davidson et al. (1995)
Buildings enhance lateral spread. Plan view ofsmoke dispersing over flat terrain (right) andgoing through an array of buildings (left).USEPA wind tunnel experiment.
Buildings enhance vertical spread. Side view ofsmoke being lofted high into the air by tall buildings.USEPA experiment from Heist et al. (2004).
Lethal concentration threshold patterns are differentwhen buildings are included (left). There is no cross-wind channeling in the non-building aware simulation(right).
An explosive release of radioactive particles in ahigh-rise area showing lofting of lighter particles(red) and trapping of heavier particles (blue).
An automated ArcGIS mapping tool can importa QUIC-generated plume (left) and computeexposures to the population (right).
University of Utah
Measurements Model Results
xsource
QUIC has been tested against both field andwind-tunnel data (see below), but due to thecomplexities of urban dispersion more testingis needed and is ongoing.
QUIC will never give perfect answers, but theit will account for the effects of buildings in anapproximate way and provide more realismthan non-building aware dispersion models.
Plume dispersion comparisons with Salt LakeCity Urban 2000 field data (filled circles).
Wind field comparisons using L. Manhattanwind-tunnel data (Bowker et al., 2004).
Wind-tunnel comparison of the concentrationfield behind a “high-rise” building.
Comparison of vortex circulation in a street canyon wind-tunnel experiment.
ModelExperimental
Wind vectors not scaled to match
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