Fascism, Nazism, Fascism, Nazism, Militarism, and the March Militarism, and the March

Towards WarTowards War

World positions World positions Aggression and Aggression and

Appeasement Appeasement

WWI ResultsWWI Results

End of Absolutism End of Absolutism New governments begin to form New governments begin to form Democracies begin to form Democracies begin to form

Lack experience Lack experience Many parties divide country Many parties divide country

Coalition governmentsCoalition governments No one could gain a majority in many countries No one could gain a majority in many countries

leading to deadlock leading to deadlock Temporary alliances between parties were necessary Temporary alliances between parties were necessary

to form majorities to form majorities

WWI ResultsWWI Results

Changing governments cause Changing governments cause instability in the countries instability in the countries People in these countries wanted a People in these countries wanted a

return to better times return to better times Willing to forfeit their right in hopes that Willing to forfeit their right in hopes that

a stronger leader would be able to solve a stronger leader would be able to solve the problems the coalition governments the problems the coalition governments could notcould not

Weimar Republic Weimar Republic

Germany develops a democracy after the Germany develops a democracy after the warwar ProblemsProblems

Lack democratic tradition Lack democratic tradition Numerous political parties decentralizes decisions Numerous political parties decentralizes decisions Germans blamed the new government for the Germans blamed the new government for the

defeat and the conditions of Versailles because they defeat and the conditions of Versailles because they were the ones who signed the official surrender and were the ones who signed the official surrender and treaty treaty

General unrest in population due to poor conditions General unrest in population due to poor conditions

Weimar Republic Weimar Republic

Inflation-a persistent, substantial rise in the Inflation-a persistent, substantial rise in the general level of prices related to an increase in general level of prices related to an increase in the volume of money and resulting in the loss of the volume of money and resulting in the loss of value of currency value of currency

Germany had not raised taxes during the war and Germany had not raised taxes during the war and now faced significant war debt, rebuilding costs, now faced significant war debt, rebuilding costs, and reparation payments and reparation payments Money becomes useless as new government attempts to Money becomes useless as new government attempts to

pay off loans by printing more moneypay off loans by printing more money Anyone on a fixed income saw their lives become Anyone on a fixed income saw their lives become

worthless worthless Bread cost billions of marksBread cost billions of marks

Dawes PlanDawes Plan International community realizes the German International community realizes the German

situation will lead to revoltsituation will lead to revolt1.1. Reparation payments would begin at 1 billion Reparation payments would begin at 1 billion

marks for the first year and should rise over a marks for the first year and should rise over a period of four years to 2.5 billion marks per period of four years to 2.5 billion marks per year. year.

2.2. The German Reichsbank would be The German Reichsbank would be reorganized under Allied supervision. reorganized under Allied supervision.

3.3. Foreign loans (primarily from the United Foreign loans (primarily from the United States) would be made available to Germany. States) would be made available to Germany.

4.4. The sources for the reparation money should The sources for the reparation money should include transportation, excise, and custom include transportation, excise, and custom taxes. taxes.

Europe Plays Nice.. For A Europe Plays Nice.. For A WhileWhile

1925 leaders from Germany, France 1925 leaders from Germany, France and other nations meetand other nations meet Sign a treaty agreeing not to go to war Sign a treaty agreeing not to go to war

with each otherwith each other Germany agrees to respect the Germany agrees to respect the

boundaries of France and Belgium boundaries of France and Belgium Germany admitted to the League of Germany admitted to the League of

NationsNations ““Spirit of Locarno”Spirit of Locarno”

Kellogg-Briand Peace PactKellogg-Briand Peace Pact

US Secretary of State worked with US Secretary of State worked with France to come to an agreement to France to come to an agreement to end all warsend all wars

Almost all countries in the world Almost all countries in the world signed signed

No teeth in the treatyNo teeth in the treaty How do you enforce this? Threaten a How do you enforce this? Threaten a

country with war?country with war?

The American Great The American Great DepressionDepressionScategories Scategories

Take 5 minutes to brainstorm all of the Take 5 minutes to brainstorm all of the important people, terms, and events of important people, terms, and events of the American Great Depression and the American Great Depression and write them in list form on a piece of write them in list form on a piece of paper. While you watch the movie, paper. While you watch the movie, circle each term you hear. The person circle each term you hear. The person with the most terms at the end of the with the most terms at the end of the movie circled will “win” the game movie circled will “win” the game

Ripple EffectRipple Effect Newtonian Physics: Every action has Newtonian Physics: Every action has

an equal and opposite reaction an equal and opposite reaction The American economy was holding The American economy was holding

up the rest of the world through their up the rest of the world through their booming manufacturing and foreign booming manufacturing and foreign investing investing Recall the foreign loans trying to cover Recall the foreign loans trying to cover

domestic losses domestic losses Americans consume less foreign goods Americans consume less foreign goods

Trade WarsTrade Wars

Congress passes protective tariffs to Congress passes protective tariffs to try and revive the economy try and revive the economy

World Trade drops off by 65%World Trade drops off by 65%

Panic at the Disco… I mean Panic at the Disco… I mean Bank Bank

AH well imagine as walked threw the lines AH well imagine as walked threw the lines of a bank corridor and I can’t help but to of a bank corridor and I can’t help but to hear no I can’t help but to hear an hear no I can’t help but to hear an exchanging of wordsexchanging of words

JUST GIVE ME MY MONEY says the man in JUST GIVE ME MY MONEY says the man in the suit to the banker (yea I know it the suit to the banker (yea I know it doesn’t fit…_doesn’t fit…_

Think Mary Poppins at the bank with the Think Mary Poppins at the bank with the childrenchildren

FascismFascism

Nationalistic, Authoritarian Nationalistic, Authoritarian Benito Mussolini started in Italy in 1919Benito Mussolini started in Italy in 1919 Supremacy of nation and leaderSupremacy of nation and leader Authoritarian rulers Authoritarian rulers No set ideologyNo set ideology Use of secret police to enforce their rule Use of secret police to enforce their rule

Terror a major political tactic Terror a major political tactic

Economics Leads to Control Economics Leads to Control

In Italy, Germany, and Japan leaders use In Italy, Germany, and Japan leaders use the great depression as a way to gain the great depression as a way to gain control LEGALLY!control LEGALLY! Germans gave Hitler power to stand up to Germans gave Hitler power to stand up to

communistscommunists King of Italy gave Mussolini power to try and King of Italy gave Mussolini power to try and

appease the working class and maintain the appease the working class and maintain the monarchymonarchy

Japanese parliament severely limited with no Japanese parliament severely limited with no civilian control of the military. Military uses civilian control of the military. Military uses Emperor to gain control Emperor to gain control

Beginnings of AggressionBeginnings of Aggression

Japan invades Japan invades Manchuria Manchuria

League of Nations League of Nations too weak to impose too weak to impose any real threatany real threat

Japan leaves the Japan leaves the League League

Mussolini and Imperialism Mussolini and Imperialism

Invades Ethiopia Invades Ethiopia Wants to return to Imperialism Wants to return to Imperialism Ethiopian Emperor appeals to League Ethiopian Emperor appeals to League

of Nations of Nations Condemn the attacks Condemn the attacks British still allow supplies through the British still allow supplies through the

Suez Suez Europe trying to avoid war at home Europe trying to avoid war at home

Hitler Hitler

Creates a larger army than that Creates a larger army than that allowed by the Treaty of Versailles allowed by the Treaty of Versailles League mildly objects League mildly objects The posters in Germany that said The posters in Germany that said

“Today Germany! Tomorrow the World!” “Today Germany! Tomorrow the World!” should have been a significant clueshould have been a significant clue

Europe is war weary and trying to get Europe is war weary and trying to get through the depression and does not through the depression and does not want to start another conflict want to start another conflict

Hitler on the March Hitler on the March

Germany marches into the RhinelandGermany marches into the Rhineland Buffer Zone between France and GermanyBuffer Zone between France and Germany Industrial areaIndustrial area

Appeasement the talk of the day Appeasement the talk of the day Do not want another warDo not want another war Later Hitler admits he would have backed Later Hitler admits he would have backed

down had France and Britain challenged down had France and Britain challenged this move this move

Axis PowersAxis Powers

Mussolini sees the weakness of Mussolini sees the weakness of Europe and forms an alliance with Europe and forms an alliance with Hitler Hitler

Japan allies itself with Germany one Japan allies itself with Germany one month later month later

Spanish Civil WarSpanish Civil War

Germany and Italy see this as an Germany and Italy see this as an opportunity to spread Fascism opportunity to spread Fascism

General Francisco Franco leads the General Francisco Franco leads the Fascist revolt against the young Fascist revolt against the young republicrepublic Hitler and Mussolini send troops and Hitler and Mussolini send troops and

supplies to help the causesupplies to help the cause The rest of Europe stays out of the The rest of Europe stays out of the

conflict and Franco wins the war conflict and Franco wins the war

So where is everyone So where is everyone anyway?anyway?

Why didn’t Europe catch the warning Why didn’t Europe catch the warning signs? Why didn’t the United States signs? Why didn’t the United States get involved?get involved?

US is stuck in a period of isolationism US is stuck in a period of isolationism Do not want to get involved in another Do not want to get involved in another

costly European conflict costly European conflict Neutrality Acts ban loans and the sale of Neutrality Acts ban loans and the sale of

arms to any nation at war arms to any nation at war

And Europe?And Europe?

Too busy cleaning up the mess from Too busy cleaning up the mess from WWI to truly pay close attention WWI to truly pay close attention

Dealing with their own internal Dealing with their own internal problems from the Great Depression problems from the Great Depression

Why start another war if Hitler just Why start another war if Hitler just wants a little more room? wants a little more room?