Farm Mechanization & Conservation Agriculture for Sustainable ...
Farm Mechanization Planning and Machinery Selection for Conservation Practices
-
Upload
ajay-kumar-roul -
Category
Documents
-
view
237 -
download
1
Transcript of Farm Mechanization Planning and Machinery Selection for Conservation Practices
-
7/23/2019 Farm Mechanization Planning and Machinery Selection for Conservation Practices
1/26
Farm mechanization planningFarm mechanization planningand machinery selection forand machinery selection forconservation practicesconservation practices
Ajay Kumar Roul
Scientist, AMD, CIAE
-
7/23/2019 Farm Mechanization Planning and Machinery Selection for Conservation Practices
2/26
What is Mechanization?
Mechanization is augmenting human capacity ith
machine to enhance!"ro#uction
"rocessing
$ransportation, an#
Mar%eting o& agricultural pro#ucts
-
7/23/2019 Farm Mechanization Planning and Machinery Selection for Conservation Practices
3/26
Why Mechanization "lanning?
$o reasons!
' Machinery #esign(mo#i&ication$o #esign )or mo#i&y e*isting+ machines to suit our
con#itions
- Machinery Management
$o properly manage &arm e.uipment
-
7/23/2019 Farm Mechanization Planning and Machinery Selection for Conservation Practices
4/26
/arm Machinery &or conser0ation
practices
Include equipment for:1 $illage )zero(minimum+
1 "lanting
1 Wee#ing
1 /ertilizer application
1 "estici#e application1 2ar0esting
-
7/23/2019 Farm Mechanization Planning and Machinery Selection for Conservation Practices
5/26
$he 3asics o& crop pro#uction in
conser0ation agriculture
$iming o& operations See# placement an# see#4soil contact
Appropriate le0els o& &ertilizer
Wee# control 5oo# rotation-
-
7/23/2019 Farm Mechanization Planning and Machinery Selection for Conservation Practices
6/26
Consi#erations &or 3uying(mo#i&ying
CA machinery
Soil con#ition
E*pecte# stu33le loa#s E*pecte# ee# spectrum
Crop types an# rotations
Area to 3e son annually
$ype o& operation )e-g- mi*e# &arming 0s
continuous cropping+-
-
7/23/2019 Farm Mechanization Planning and Machinery Selection for Conservation Practices
7/26
Disc planter 0s tyne planter
Disc planters pro0i#e a num3er o& a#0antages
o0er tyne see#ers!1 Stu33le han#ling
1 2igher operation spee#s
1 6oer #ra&t-
Disa#0antage o& #isc planter!1 6ac% o& penetration in har# soils-
-
7/23/2019 Farm Mechanization Planning and Machinery Selection for Conservation Practices
8/26
$yne planter
$yne spacing
$yne 3rea%out pressure
$yne shape
"oint type
"ress heel
-
7/23/2019 Farm Mechanization Planning and Machinery Selection for Conservation Practices
9/26
Machinery Management
This refers to efficient:'- Selection
- 7peration
8- Repair an# maintenance, an#
9- Replacement o& machinery
-
7/23/2019 Farm Mechanization Planning and Machinery Selection for Conservation Practices
10/26
Machinery Selection
This involves:
'- Selection o& optimum num3er(size o& e.uipment
- Consi#eration o& ac.uisition option
-
7/23/2019 Farm Mechanization Planning and Machinery Selection for Conservation Practices
11/26
Selection o& :um3er an# Size
This involves: Capacity selection
Matching machine size to allotte# or%ing #ays an# hours
"oer selectionMatching ne(e*isting tractors ith ne(e*isting e.uipment
6east cost selectionMachine hich results in loest annual unit cost consi#eringtimeliness
-
7/23/2019 Farm Mechanization Planning and Machinery Selection for Conservation Practices
12/26
/actors $hat A&&ect the Size o&
Machinery :ee#e#
:um3er o& Crop Acres
6a3our Supply $illage "ractices
Crop Mi*
Weather Ris% Management
"lanting an# 2ar0esting Dates
-
7/23/2019 Farm Mechanization Planning and Machinery Selection for Conservation Practices
13/26
2ours o& ;se
2o many hours ill this piece o& e.uipment2o many hours ill this piece o& e.uipment
3e nee#e# per year?3e nee#e# per year?1 2istorical #ata2istorical #ata
1 In a3sence o& historical #ata, calculate theIn a3sence o& historical #ata, calculate the
&olloing &or reasona3le estimates!&olloing &or reasona3le estimates!
Machinery rate# in hectare per hourMachinery rate# in hectare per hour
-
7/23/2019 Farm Mechanization Planning and Machinery Selection for Conservation Practices
14/26
Size - Field Capacity:Size - Field Capacity:How many acres can this piece of equipment cover in an hour?How many acres can this piece of equipment cover in an hour?
/iel# Capacity!/iel# Capacity! /ist step in machinery selection is to #etermine &iel# capacity in acres/ist step in machinery selection is to #etermine &iel# capacity in acres
per hour &or each size a0aila3leper hour &or each size a0aila3le
minimum implement i#th then can 3e &oun# 3y in0erting the &ormulaminimum implement i#th then can 3e &oun# 3y in0erting the &ormula&or &iel# capacity&or &iel# capacity
Field capacity=Widthspeedfielde fficiency conversion factor
Area to coverField capacity needed
Days available hours of field time per day=
-
7/23/2019 Farm Mechanization Planning and Machinery Selection for Conservation Practices
15/26
atchin! Tractor "ower and Implement
Size
PTO
D W SP
3! conversion factor
=
-
7/23/2019 Farm Mechanization Planning and Machinery Selection for Conservation Practices
16/26
7nership Costs 4 /i*e#
Costs associate# ith oning a &i*e# input orCosts associate# ith oning a &i*e# input orresourceresource
7nership costs 3egin ith the purchase o& a piece7nership costs 3egin ith the purchase o& a pieceo& e.uipment an# continue &or as long as the pieceo& e.uipment an# continue &or as long as the pieceo& e.uipment is one#o& e.uipment is one#
1 Cannot 3e a0oi#e#, until machine is sol#Cannot 3e a0oi#e#, until machine is sol#
$hese costs are incurre# e0en i& the input is not use#$hese costs are incurre# e0en i& the input is not use#
Costs inclu#eCosts inclu#e #epreciation$ Interest$ Ta%es$#epreciation$ Interest$ Ta%es$Insurance$ Housin!$ and &easin!Insurance$ Housin!$ and &easin!
-
7/23/2019 Farm Mechanization Planning and Machinery Selection for Conservation Practices
17/26
6easing6easing
Some machinery is not one#, 3ut un#erSome machinery is not one#, 3ut un#er
long4term lease agreementslong4term lease agreements $his lease payment shoul# 3e inclu#e# as an$his lease payment shoul# 3e inclu#e# as an
onership costonership cost
-
7/23/2019 Farm Mechanization Planning and Machinery Selection for Conservation Practices
18/26
7perating Costs 4 Costs inclu#e> 'epairs$ Fuel ( &u)rication$ &a)or$'epairs$ Fuel ( &u)rication$ &a)or$
Custom Hire or 'ent$ and *therCustom Hire or 'ent$ and *ther
-
7/23/2019 Farm Mechanization Planning and Machinery Selection for Conservation Practices
19/26
$imeliness Costs
2i##en cost
Relate# ith planting an# har0esting #ates
-
7/23/2019 Farm Mechanization Planning and Machinery Selection for Conservation Practices
20/26
$otal Machinery Costs
-
7/23/2019 Farm Mechanization Planning and Machinery Selection for Conservation Practices
21/26
Custom HireCustom Hire
;sually &i*e# rate per acre, hour, or %g yiel#;sually &i*e# rate per acre, hour, or %g yiel#
;sually, cheaper to use custom hire i& use#;sually, cheaper to use custom hire i& use#only &or lo le0els o& useonly &or lo le0els o& use
More e*pensi0e i& custom hire use# &or highMore e*pensi0e i& custom hire use# &or high
le0els o& usele0els o& use
-
7/23/2019 Farm Mechanization Planning and Machinery Selection for Conservation Practices
22/26
+rea, ven+rea, ven
rea% E0en point is point here it is in#i&&erent to on orrea% E0en point is point here it is in#i&&erent to on orcustom hirecustom hire
- E- is the 3rea%4e0en units, acre>- E- is the 3rea%4e0en units, acre>
/ is the annual &i*e# costs,/ is the annual &i*e# costs, `>>< is the 0aria3le costs per unit o& operation,< is the 0aria3le costs per unit o& operation, `(acre>(acre>
S is the custom hiring charge per unit,S is the custom hiring charge per unit, `(acre(acre
"#
VS
FEB
=
-
7/23/2019 Farm Mechanization Planning and Machinery Selection for Conservation Practices
23/26
%ample:%ample:
1 I& onership costs o& machine isI& onership costs o& machine is `'@,B(yr, an#'@,B(yr, an#0aria3le costs are0aria3le costs are `B(acre, an# it costsB(acre, an# it costs `B(acreB(acre
to ha0e the operation custom hire, 3rea% e0en pointto ha0e the operation custom hire, 3rea% e0en pointoul# 3e!oul# 3e!
I& machine ere use# &or less than 9 acres, it isI& machine ere use# &or less than 9 acres, it ischeaper to custom hirecheaper to custom hire
I& the machine ere use# &or more than 9 acre, It isI& the machine ere use# &or more than 9 acre, It ischeaper to on the e.uipmentcheaper to on the e.uipment
$!%&'%($
&)' )'=
-
7/23/2019 Farm Mechanization Planning and Machinery Selection for Conservation Practices
24/26
achinery 'eplacement
.n equipment may )e replaced due to:/0 achine a!in!
a- 73solescence:e mo#els ith greater capacity an#(or e&&iciency e*ist
3- Relia3ility
Machine no longer #epen#a3le
c- Wear4out
:o longer per&orms its jo3 e0en hen it is repaire#
10 Farm size or crop chan!es
20 conomic or least cost point
-
7/23/2019 Farm Mechanization Planning and Machinery Selection for Conservation Practices
25/26
.cquisition *ption
.cquisition options may include:
'- Cash purchase- /inance purchase
8- 6ease
9- Rent
- Custom hire@- Sharing or pooling
-
7/23/2019 Farm Mechanization Planning and Machinery Selection for Conservation Practices
26/26
END
Thank you