Farm level tree planting in Pakistan: the moderating role of past behaviour in predicting intentions...
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Transcript of Farm level tree planting in Pakistan: the moderating role of past behaviour in predicting intentions...
Farm level tree planting in Pakistan: the moderating role of past behaviour in
predicting intentions
University College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, PAKISTAN
MUHAMMAD ZUBAIRAssistant Professor of [email protected]
Rationale
• Low forest cover (4.8%)• Mainstay of rural livelihoods/ increased reliance• Excessive illicit stock removal (commercial/
govt. predicaments)• Problems of erosion, land sliding etc.
(Desertification)• 75% of forest cover will diminish by 2025 in
NWFP (PFRI)
Govt to uncover strategies, feasible
solution
Farm Forestry
Government launched many projects
Efforts rather doubtful
Outcome
Lower uptake
Mixed response Low local participation
Reluctance of land tree growing
Reasons for Failure
Focus (biological/ technical)
Wrong anticipation of local acceptance
long gestation/ lack of immediate gains
Little emphasis on beneficiaries acceptance
The major constraint in the cultivation of trees on state lands are well understood; less understood is what the farmers themselves believe to be the major constraints to tree cultivation on their lands
(Dove, 1995)
Farm Forestry is not a simple activity to undertake
Farm Forestry Decision Making
Factors for volitional control (ease/difficulty)
Follow cognitive process
Approval/ Disapproval of the closed ones
Frequency of past practice
“Human beings are creatures of habit in that they tend to persist in doing what they have become accustomed to”
(Ajzen, 2002)
Theoretical Framework
ATTITUDE
SUBJECTIVENORMS
PERCEIVEDBEHAVIOURAL
CONTROL
INTENTION BEHAVIOUR
+/ -Evaluation
Salient Referents
Ease/Difficulty Actual
Control
Theory of Planned Behaviour (Ajzen, 1988)
4(2+2)
4(2+2)
4(2+2)
4(2+2)
16/16 16/16 16/16 16/16
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 753 4
16
128
1st StageCircle Selection
2nd STAGEVillage Selection
3rd STAGEFarmers’Selection
4(2+2)
4(2+2)
4(2+2)
4(2+2)
16/16 16/16 16/16 16/16
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 753 4
16
128
1st StageCircle Selection
2nd STAGEVillage Selection
3rd STAGEFarmers’Selection
Respondents – FF (64) & NFF (64)
Results
Past Behaviour Categories
FF NFF Total Chi-square
test
Often 52% 13% 37% 36.89 (.000)a
Moderately 27% 22% 24%
Rarely 17% 23% 20%
Not et al 4% 41% 18%
Association of past behaviour and performance of farm forestry
2 3 4 5
1. Intention ** ** ns **2. Attitude ** ns **3. Subjective Norm ns **4. Perceived Behavioural
Controlns
5. Past Behaviour
Spearman's rho between TPB components and past behaviour
Predictor Interactions F-value Sig.
Attitude x past behaviour 2.947 **
Subjective norm x past behaviour 7.975 ***
PBC x past behaviour 2.490 *
Moderating role of past behaviour to predict TPB variables-
intention relationship for FF (GLM regression analysis)
Predictor Interactions F-value Sig.
Attitude x past behaviour 0.608 ns
Subjective norm x past behaviour 1.950 ns
PBC x past behaviour 1.776 ns
Moderating role of past behaviour to predict TPB variables-
intention relationship for NFF (GLM regression analysis)
Findings
Intention to plant trees on farmlands is influenced by the constructs of TPB
Past behaviour has strengthened the relationship between attitude, SN & PBC.
Conclusions
Wider social role of forestry officials Cognitive and normative elements of society-a prerequisiteIncreased source-recipient sharing expectationsPolicies to be flexible and accommodate changing environments
Thanks
2nd World Congress of Agroforestry, Nairobi, Kenya, 2009