Far Eastern Agriculture issue 1 2012

Principles and practices

Victam Asia 2012 preview

HPAI in Hong Kong

Mycotoxins in animal feed

The ‘money-making’ tree

Hatchery management

Poultry Buyers’ Guide

VOLUME 29 ISSUE 1

ISSUE ONE 2012

US$15.00 (UK£9.00)

Quality control in green coffee- p21

FEAG 1 2012 COVER_FEAG_COVER_MASTER_09 27/01/2012 10:12

S01 FEAG 1 2012 Start_Layout 1 27/01/2012 10:13

FAR EASTERN AGRICULTURE Issue One 2012 3

Contents

Principles and practices

Victam Asia 2012 preview

HPAI in Hong Kong

Mycotoxins in animal feed

The ‘money-making’ tree

Hatchery management


VOLUME 29 ISSUE 1

ISSUE ONE 2012

US$15.00 (UK£9.00)

Quality control in

green coffee- p21

Bulletin4 A round-up of key developments in the regional market

Agenda6 IFAD for southern grown development solutions; New projection shows global food

demand doubling by 2050; Steady rise in fertilizer consumption expected in 2012; plus FAO Food Outlook

Events10 Previews of VIV/ILDEX India 2012 and Victam, FIAAP and GRAPAS Asia; and an

overview of other upcoming events

Livestock13 Tips for successful hatchery management

16 H5N1 HPAI returns to haunt Hong Kong

19 Mycotoxin control as an effective tool for successful demedicalization

Crops21 Quality control in green coffee

24 The Philippines’ money-making tree

26 Stop abusing insecticides in rice

Poultry Buyers’ Guide28 An overview of the key players in the poultry market

Equipment32 The latest innovations and agricultural technology

Moreover35 Carbon crediting for restoring degraded grasslands

AWILA Anlagenbau GmbH ................................................................................5

China Animal Agriculture Association (China Animal Husbandry Expo 2012)......9

Compact Seeds and Clones S.A. ........................................................................7

Diamond Engineering Ltd.................................................................................29

Eurofeed Technologies ....................................................................................34

Goizper Sociedad Cooperativa ........................................................................23

Lubing Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG ........................................................36

OMEX Agrifluids Ltd ........................................................................................21

PT Napindo Media Ashatama (Indo Livestock 2012) ..........................................2

PT. Global Expo Management (INAPALM 2012) ................................................27

VNU Exhibitions Europe Bv (VIV/ILDEX India 2012) ..........................................11

Advertisers Index

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4 FAR EASTERN AGRICULTURE Issue One 2012

Korea to help fight FMD in Southeast AsiaTHE SOUTH KOREAgovernment will spendUS$2.61 million in thenext four years to helpfight foot-and-mouthdisease in SoutheastAsian countries, a mainsource of the diseasethat affects hoofedanimals, includingcows and pigs,according to a YonhapNews agency report.Under a jointprevention programwith the United NationsFood and AgricultureOrganization, the money will help set up disease prevention andcontrol systems in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia, according to theMinistry of Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.The move comes after South Korea’s most recent FMD outbreak,reported late last year, was thought to have originated fromSoutheast Asia, where the disease is said to be rampant.

New chairman for the Board of World Agricultural ForumDR. KENNETH BAKER has been appointed Chairman of the Boardof the World Agricultural Forum, succeeding Dr. Leonard J. Guarraiawho held the post since he founded the Forum in 1997. The World Agricultural Forum (WAF) seeks to create awareness andeducate all stakeholders about the critical role agriculture plays inrural and economic development, and ultimately, national security.Rt. Hon. James Bolger, Chairman of the WAF Advisory Board andformer Prime Minister of New Zealand, said, “We are honouredthat Ken has agreed to take on this position and to guide the WAFfor the next few years. Ken led the delivery of the important WAF2011 World Congress held in Brussels recently. I am sure wecontinue to be in safe hands.”

Topigs imports more breeding pigs to ChinaTOPIGS HAS IMPORTED 500 top breeding pigs into China. Thissecond successful import comes just one month after a firstimport of 1000 pigs.This time the pigs originate from the Topigs nucleus farms in theMeuse region in France. The great grandparent pigs are the top ofthe Topigs breeding pyramid and have the SPF health status,according to the company.The imported pigs will be used to populate a new breeding farmin the Shanghai region that will become a satellite nucleus. Thisfarm is part of a cooperative that has an integrated porkproduction chain.With this second successive import, Topigs continues to build upits presence in China, the world’s biggest market for breedingpigs. China’s fast-growing professional pig industry needsgenetics that enable high-level production.

Evonik announces major investment in SingaporeWITH THE LARGEST of its chemical investments to date,Evonik—a leading specialty chemicals company— plans tostrengthen its core business with essential amino acids foranimal nutrition. The Group will invest roughly one-half billion Euros in Singapore

for the construction of a methionine complex with an annualcapacity of 150,000 metric tons. In the completely backward-integrated complex on Jurong Island, Evonik will not only producethe amino acid methionine, which is in high demand for animalfeed, but also all the strategically important raw materials requiredfor the production process. The new plant is scheduled to beginoperating in the second half of 2014. The main engineering andraw material contracts have already been awarded andpreliminary work has already commenced.The new construction and the expansion of the four existingmethionine production plants will raise Evonik's total annualcapacity for this amino acid to 580,000 metric tons beginning in2014—an increase of more than 60 percent in just five years(2010: 360,000 mt)."Methionine is one of our core businesses, which we're nowstrengthening considerably in the Asian growth market by makingthis major investment. This also should bring us closer to ourcustomers in Asia and makes us a solid, reliable, long-termpartner," explained Klaus Engel, CEO of Evonik Industries. Evonikis already the market leader for methionine.

Arysta hires new global business development headJAPAN-BASED ARYSTA LifeScience has announced thatBryan Koeppl has joined the company as global head ofbusiness development. In his new role, Koeppl is responsible for analyzing thecompetitive dynamics in the agricultural chemical industry;recognizing new opportunities and identifying acquisitioncandidates; and implementing strategies for the company toachieve its acquisition and divestiture goals.Koeppl reports to CEO Wayne Hewett. “Bryan brings a wealth ofexperience in corporate development and investment banking as welook to build on Arysta LifeScience’s previous mergers andacquisitions (M&A) accomplishments,” said Hewett.“Arysta LifeScience remains committed to maintaining a strong M&Acapability and continues to aggressively assess opportunities on aglobal basis. Bryan will be critical to this process and will be an assetto our leadership team.”

Novus appoints new regional sales managerNOVUS INTERNATIONAL INC.,a leading animal health andnutrition company, recentlyappointed Ms. Wully Wahyuni asregional sales manager forIndonesia, Malaysia, Singapore& Brunei.Wully Wahyuni completed hereducation at Bogor AgriculturalUniversity in Animal Nutrition andFeed Science in 2000. She iscurrently pursuing her Master'sdegree in BusinessAdministration at ITB BusinessSchool in Jakarta, capital regionof Indonesia.

“With a proven track record in Sales and Marketing Managementand more than 11 years of experience, Wully Wahyuni hasdeveloped a strong ability to influence others and achieve goals,mainly through effective team work and accountability. Shebelieves that leadership, coaching and discipline are essentialelements for success,” a company official said.

South Korea’s most recent FMD outbreak, re-ported late last year, was thought to have

originated from Southeast Asia

Bulletin



FEBRUARY 20126-7 RubberPlant Summit Bali, Indonesia www.cmtevents.com

8-10 Dairy, Pig, & Poultry Focus Asia 2012 Bangkok, Thailand www.positiveaction.info

8- 9 ILDEX Bangkok Bangkok, Thailand www.ildex.com

8-10 INAHGEN 2012 Pasay City, Philippines www.inahgen.com

15-17 FIAAP, VICTAM & GRAPAS Asia 2012 Bangkok, Thailand www.victam.com

22-23 International Veterinary Poultry Congress & Exhibition of Iran Tehran, Iran www.ivpc2012.com

22-24 VIV/ILDEX India Bangalore, India www.viv.net

MARCH 20123-5 Horti Expo 2012 New Delhi, India www.hortiexpo.com

22-24 ILDEX Vietnam Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam www.ildex.com

MAY 201216-17 Pan Pacific Pork Expo Queensland, Australia www.australianpork.com.au

18-20 China Animal Husbandry Expo (CAHE) 2012 Nanjing, China www.caaa.com.cn

24-27 EuroCarne Verona, Italy www.eurocarne.it

JULY 20124-6 Indo Livestock 2012 Jakarta, Indonesia www.indolivestock.com

Events 2011

WHILE THE FINANCIAL crisis still casts a shadow over many countries, the

benefits of South-South cooperation are setting the stage for sustainable

development.

Commenting on the occasion of the United Nations International Day

for South-South Cooperation, Thomas Elhaut, Director for Statistics and

Studies for Development, Strategy and Knowledge Management at the

International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), said,

“Development agencies and policymakers must seek ways to extend and

sustain rapid expansion of South-South trade and investment flows in

pursuit of lasting development gains. Creating policy space for government

action and regional policy co-ordination is crucial.”

Until recently, South-South cooperation consisted primarily of sharing

technical developments, ranging from improving livestock breeds and

health, to food processing technologies to more efficient water use. Today,

in addition to exchanges at the technical level, it involves dialogue on

regional policy coordination and other government actions that are crucial

to achievement of global development goals.

Being both donors and recipients of aid, middle-income countries

have a unique perspective on the development process. Their increasing

importance has been recognized by the recent High Level Forum on Aid

Effectiveness in Busan, South Korea, where government leaders

identified South-South cooperation as vital in the international

development architecture.

Food insecurity is especially severe in the southern hemisphere,

affecting around 95 per cent of the women and men living in South Asia or

sub-Saharan Africa. Agricultural technologies and knowledge that have

helped middle-income countries like China, Brazil and India to boost their

development can be valuable for smallholder farmers in other countries

with similar challenges.

IFAD for southern grown development solutions

S02 FEAG 1 2012 Agenda_Layout 1 27/01/2012 10:14

Agenda


FOOD PRICES FELL in December 2011 withthe FAO Food Price Index dropping 2.4 percent, or five points from November.

At its new level of 211 points, the Indexwas 11.3 per cent (27 points) below its peakin February 2011.

The decline was driven by sharp falls ininternational prices of cereals, sugar and oilsdue to bumper 2011 crops coupled withslowing demand and a stronger US dollar.Most commodities were affected.

However, although prices dropped steadilyin the second half of 2011, the Indexaveraged 228 points in 2011 — the highestaverage since FAO started measuringinternational food prices in 1990. Theprevious high was in 2008 at 200 points.

Commenting on the new figures, FAOSenior Grains Economist Abdolreza Abbassiansaid that it was difficult to make any firmprediction on price trends for the coming months.

“International prices of many foodcommodities have declined in recentmonths, but given the uncertainties over theglobal economy, currency and energy

markets, unpredictable prospects lie ahead,”Abbassian said.

Among the principal commodities, cerealprices registered the biggest fall, with the FAOCereal Price Index dropping 4.8 per cent to218 points in December. Record crops and animproved supply outlook sent prices of majorcereals declining significantly. Maize prices fell6 per cent, wheat 4 per cent and rice 3 percent. In 2011, the FAO cereal price indexaveraged 247 points, up some 35 per centfrom 2010 and the highest since the 1970s.

The FAO Oils and Fats Price Index stood at227 points in December, down 3 per centfrom November and well below the level of264 points one year ago. Larger than expectedoverall supplies of vegetable oil led to a rise instocks (notably palm and sunflower oil),which, together with poor global demand forsoybeans, deflated prices.

The FAO Meat Price Index averaged 179points, slightly down compared withNovember. The decline was mainly driven bypig meat, whose price dropped by 2.2 percent, with sheep meat also receding

somewhat. By contrast, poultry and bovinemeat prices recorded mild gains. On an annualbasis, meat prices in 2011 were 16 per centhigher than in 2010.

The FAO Sugar Price Index declined forthe fifth consecutive month to 327 pointsin December, down 4 per cent fromNovember and 18 per cent from its July2011 peak. The Index’s weakness in recentmonths mostly reflects expectations of alarge world production surplus over the newseason, on the back of good harvests inIndia, the European Union, Thailand andthe Russian Federation.

GLOBAL FOOD DEMAND could double by 2050, according to a newprojection by David Tilman, Regents Professor of Ecology in theUniversity of Minnesota’s College of Biological Sciences, andcolleagues, including Jason Hill, assistant professor in the College ofFood, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences.

Producing that amount of food could significantly increase levels ofcarbon dioxide and nitrogen in the environment and cause theextinction of numerous species. But this can be avoided, the papershows, if the high-yielding technologies of rich nations are adapted towork in poor nations, and if all nations use nitrogen fertilizers moreefficiently.

“Agriculture’s greenhouse gas emissions could double by 2050 ifcurrent trends in global food production continue,” Tilman said. “Globalagriculture already accounts for a third of all greenhouse gasemissions.” Much of these emissions come from land clearing, whichalso threatens species with extinction.

The report shows that if poor nations continue current practices,they will clear a land area larger than the United States (two and a halfbillion acres) by 2050. But if richer nations help poorer nations improveyields to achievable levels, that could be reduced to half a billion acres.

The research, published online recently by the Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences, shows that adopting nitrogen-efficient“intensive” farming can meet future global food demand with muchlower environmental impacts than the “extensive” farming practiced bymany poor nations, which clear land to produce more food. Thepotential benefits are great. In 2005, crop yields for the wealthiestnations were more than 300 percent higher than yields for the poorestnations.

“Strategically intensifying crop production in developing and least-developed nations would reduce the overall environmental harmcaused by food production, as well as provide a more equitable foodsupply across the globe,” said Hill.

In the paper, Tilman and his collaborators explore different ways ofmeeting demand for food and their environmental effects. In essence,the options are to increase productivity on existing agricultural land,clear more land, or do a combination of both. They consider variousscenarios in which the amount of nitrogen use, land cleared, andresulting greenhouse gas emissions differ.

“Our analyses show that we can save most of the Earth’s remainingecosystems by helping the poorer nations of the world feedthemselves,” Tilman said.

Food Outlook

New projection shows global food demand doubling by 2050

Agriculture’s greenhouse gas emissions could double by 2050 if currenttrends in global food production continue



Agenda

THE INTERNATIONAL FERTILIZER Industry

Association (IFA) has released its short-term

Fertilizer Outlook 2012-2013 to the public. The

report shows that the fertilizer sector has now

fully recuperated from the setback of 2008/09

and is maintaining a steady stream of investment

in new capacity, capitalizing on the positive

forecasts of a 3 per cent increase in consumption

worldwide for the main nutrients – nitrogen (N),

phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) – in 2012.

Agricultural commodity prices peaked at the

beginning of 2011 and remained high throughout

the first half of the year due to tight market

conditions in 2010/11. Last year’s global cereal

harvest reached a new record of 2.3 billion metric

tonnes. However, this increase in production will be

entirely absorbed by rising demand for food, feed

and biofuel uses. As a result, the global stock-to-use

ratio is seen as remaining stable but still relatively

low at the end of the 2011/12 campaign. More

worryingly, the ratio for coarse grains is expected to

decline for the third consecutive year, to a very low

level, due to a disappointing maize harvest in the

United States (according to USDA crop forecasts).

Stimulated by the sharp rebound of world

economic activity, particularly in developing

countries, and strong agricultural market

fundamentals, IFA estimates that global fertilizer

consumption increased by 6.2 per cent in 2010/11,

to 173 million metric tonnes (Mt) of nutrients.

Responding to attractive agricultural commodity

prices, world fertilizer demand is anticipated to rise

steadily in 2011/12.

“World demand would increase by 3 per cent in

2011/12, to a record 178.2 Mt,” says Patrick Heffer,

Director of the IFA Agriculture Service. By the end of

the 2011/12 campaign, world fertilizer demand is

expected to have fully recovered from the economic

downturn for the three macronutrients. N, P and K

fertilizer demand in 2011/12 would surpass their

2007/08 levels by 7.2, 2.7 and 0.5 Mt, respectively.

Forecasts for 2012/13 are highly speculative in view

of the rapidly deteriorating economic context in

advanced economies. Tentative forecasts point to

2.3 per cent growth.

“World nutrient supply, in 2011, expanded in

response to such robust fertilizer demand. The

global production of ammonia, phosphate rock and

potash reached record levels,” confirms Michel

Prud’homme, Director of the IFA Production and

International Trade Service. However, global nutrient

capacity grew at a slower rate than production,

confirming the tightness of supply seen throughout

2011, because of delays in new capacity

commissioning and stronger than expected demand.

IFA estimates that global sales prospects point

to 2.6 per cent overall growth in 2012, reaching a

record level of 232 Mt nutrients, with production

increases of about 2.5 per cent for nitrogen, 3.5 per

cent for phosphate products, and up to 4 per cent for

potash. Global trade prospects appear positive for

virtually all products.

“Massive investments in new capacity projects

since 2009 have now started to add significant new

supply of urea, DAP and potash,” adds Michel

Prud’homme. However, several factors have the

potential to change the supply landscape and

impact current trade flows and investment decisions

in the near term. These include the continued

shortfall in the supply of natural gas in a few large

nitrogen producing countries, such as China, Iran,

Pakistan, Trinidad and Venezuela; the

implementation of export taxes on fertilizers; delays

in the completion of new capacity projects; and

increasingly stringent environmental regulations.

Steady rise in fertilizer consumption expected in 2012


Agenda


AN APPROPRIATE POLICY on the public-private partnerships would attract moreprivate investors to the agricultural sector,Vietnam Deputy Prime Minister Hoang TrungHai said in Hanoi recently.

Speaking at a meeting organized by theMinistry of Agriculture and RuralDevelopment (MARD) to discuss policies toimprove the agriculture sector during theperiod 2012-2015, Hai said more cooperationwas needed from people to achieve targetsset for 2012-2015, particularly betweenenterprises and farmers to promoteproduction and sustainability.

Cao Duc Phat, Minister of Agriculture andRural Development, said although theagricultural sector faced many difficulties, thecountry yielded 41.5 million tons of rice in2011, an increase of 1.5 million compared tolast year. Vietnam can now guarantee foodsecurity within the country and meet its targetfor export of over 7 million tons of rice per year.

Hai asked the sector to develop plansof action to cope with climate changewhich is negatively impacting agriculturalproduction and rural development. He saidthe sector also faces other challenges,including epidemics, low productivity, poorinfrastructure and low incomes forfarmers, which must be overcome to

ensure sustainable development.The Deputy PM said that MARD should

examine its list of priority projects that needinvestment and call for capital from othereconomic sectors. He also suggested thataquaculture projects follow the public-privatepartnership (PPP) model to attract moreinvestment capital.

Delegates proposed raising agro-forestry-fishery exports in 2012 to US$28 billion,US$3 billion more than the 2011 target, andprioritizing capital for dyke and damreinforcement projects.

Cao Duc Phat reported that in 2012 the

sector has set targets to achieve a growthrate of 2.3-2.6 per cent, exporting 6.5-7million tonnes of rice, earning US$24 billionfrom exports and raising the national forestcoverage to 40.5 per cent.

Vietnam is currently one of the world'slargest exporters of farm produce, includingrice, coffee, pepper and cashew. Butearnings from exports have not been highbecause the country mainly exports raw orpreliminary processed products. Public-private partnerships could prove to beindispensable in improving the sector'scomparative advantage.

DELAVAL VOLUNTARYMILKING System VMSTMunits can now be offeredwith ISO identification.The product which isbased on several years ofdevelopment and testingis in line with expectedlifetime traceabilitylegislation and will enablefarmers to take advantageof the cost efficiency of the ISO identification system.

In recent years, animal lifetime traceability has become animportant issue in dairy farming. In a number of countrieslegislation has already been passed that requires cows to be fittedwith ISO ID ear tags. Furthermore, animal lifetime traceabilitylegislation is expected to be implemented in more and morecountries the coming years.

DeLaval VMS Business Development Manager, Jouko Tiainensaid, “In order to launch the system we had to make sure that it worksat the same performance level as our existing identification systems asnothing else is acceptable with a robotic milking system. After severalyears of development and testing at large scale farms, we are now ina position to release it onto the market.”

JAPAN IS PLANNING a futuristic farm where robots do the lifting inan experimental project on land swamped by the March tsunami.Under an agriculture ministry plan, unmanned tractors will workfields where pesticides will have been replaced by LEDs keepingrice, wheat, soybeans, fruit and vegetables safe until robots can putthem in boxes.Carbon dioxide produced by machinery working on the up to 250-hectare (600 acre) site will be channeled back to crops to boost theirgrowth and reduce reliance on chemical fertilizers, the Nikkeinewspaper said.The agricultural ministry will begin on-site research later this yearwith a plan to spend around four billion yen (US$52-million) over thenext six years, a ministry official said.Land in Miyagi, located 300 km north of Tokyo—has beenearmarked for the so-called “Dream Project”. Miyagi was one ofJapan’s three worst-hit prefectures in the March 11 earthquake andtsunami, which left more than 19,000 dead or missing and triggeredthe world’s worst nuclear crisis in decades.Farming was hit particularly hard by the disaster, with tsunami waterleaving soil laden with salt and oil deposits, as well as radiationcontamination as a result of the leaking Fukushima Daiichi nuclearplant. More than 59,000 acres of once fertile farmland weredamaged as a result of the earthquake, tsunami and nuclear fallout,with the agricultural industry still struggling to recover.

DeLaval introduces ISO identificationfor all VMS barn systems

Japan to open robot farm in tsunami disaster area

Vietnam chalks out plan to draw investors to agriculture

Vietnam Deputy Prime MinisterHoang Trung Hai

Delaval Voluntary Milking System



Agenda

THE RAPIDLY INCREASING entrepreneurial spirit witnessed inVietnam encouraged participants of the U.S. Grains Council’s CornMission about future opportunities for U.S. agricultural products.

Nine U.S. producers and corn organization staff traveled to Japan,China and Vietnam recently for a firsthand look at the challenges ofdeveloping and defending export markets and to share insights on theU.S. 2011 crop supply and quality. Participants met with internationalcustomers, key foreign government officials and the Council’s foreign-based international staff.

Vietnam is the fastest growing feed market in Asia. Although Vietnammostly fills its corn needs with domestic and nearby country imports, thegroup still felt encouraged by the market potential.

“The drastically changing consumer habits will increase graindemand in Vietnam. We need to continue to educate Vietnamese buyersand farmers on benefits of buying from the United States,” said PatFeldpausch, mission participant and president of the Corn MarketingProgram of Michigan. “The United States has a dependable system thatprovides transparency and risk management. We are a consistentsupplier and buyers get better value for their purchases. Buying cornfrom nearby countries or from Ukraine is a risk. You may get a bargainbut it’s a gamble.”

The group had the opportunity to see a Council program in action atthe local feed mill where USGC Consultant Dr. Budi Tangendjaja wasconducting a seminar on the use and application of U.S. distiller’s driedgrains with solubles (DDGS).

Paul Herringshaw, mission participant and vice chairman of the OhioCorn Marketing Program, said, “Vietnam has agile users of U.S. DDGS.It’s a good product that helps every diet. It’s a great way to move proteinat lower moisture, and it’s replacing Indian soybean meal and othercompetitive ingredients. We need to continue market education toincrease the product moving into the country.”

In 2010, Vietnam became the 15th largest market for U.S. agriculturalproducts. U.S. agricultural exports to Vietnam grew fivefold from a mere$216 million in 2006 to $1.3 billion in 2010. Vietnam is the 8th largestmarket for U.S. feedstuffs, doubling over the past two years and valuedat $151 million in 2010.

US Corn Mission sees potential in Vietnam

Vietnam is the fastest growingfeed market in Asia


THE 2012 EDITION of Victam, FIAAPand GRAPAS Asia will be held fromFebruary 15-17 at the exhibition and

conference centre of the Bangkok InternationalTrade and Exhibition Centre (BITEC), inBangkok.

The expo, billed as Asia’s largest dedicatedinternational feed and grain event, will have asimilar format to that of its previous 2010edition that attracted nearly 6,000 industryprofessionals from various parts of the globe.

A number of new products will belaunched at the event, and there will bespecific technical conferences on aquafeed,animal feed ingredients, pet food, biomasstechnology and grain processing.

All three trade shows—Victam, FIAAP andGRAPAS Asia—will be co-located within onehall at BITEC, enabling visitors to view theproducts and technology needed to formulateand operate safe and economic animal feedproduction and grain processing facilities.

Victam Asia 2012Victam Asia is region’s largest exhibition foranimal feed specialists and for the ancillaryequipment and technology necessary for theproduction of animal feeds, aquafeed and drypet foods. Visitors will see the latestinnovations from the world’s leadingdesigners, manufacturers and suppliers of this

industry. A range of products and services,including mills, upgrades to existing systems orformulation programmes and re-conditionedequipment will be showcased at the event.Nutritionists and formulators also areencouraged to attend to see how the newtechnology will impact current formulations.

FIAAP Asia 2012FIAAP is touted as Asia’s only show andconference dedicated to the specialistingredients and additives used in the safe andcost-efficient formulation of animal feeds,aquafeed and dry petfoods. Exhibitors will bedisplaying the latest products from within thisimportant sector of the feed industry.

GRAPAS Asia 2012The GRAPAS show profiles the latesttechnology and systems for rice and flourmilling, grain processing, preservation,storage and movement, and noodle, breakfastcereal and extruded snack production. Majorinternational companies will be displaying thelatest equipment used in these processes.

There will also be a number of companiesthat supply ancillary equipment for the feed,biomass and grain industries, with equipmentranging from silos, conveyors, baggingmachines, magnetic systems, quality control,computers and programmes and trucks.

A series of conferences at the eventincluding The FIAAP Asia Conference 2012,

Petfood Forum Asia 2012, The GRAPASAsia Conference 2012, Biomass – PelletsUpdate Asia, Aquafeed Horizons Asia 2012,The Thai Feed Conference, GMP+ seminarFeed safety and sustainability in the globalmarket, et al will also be held.

Reaching BITECPanittha Buri, Director of Marketing andSales, Bangkok International Trade &Exhibition Centre said, “BITEC is very pleasedto welcome the extension of BTS Sky TrainSukhumvit Line from On Nut to Bearing.Visitors will be able to get off at Bang NaStation and gain easy access to SukhumvitEntrance. A shuttle service that transportspassengers from the Sukhumvit RoadEntrance to Exhibition Halls is also availablefor all events held at BITEC.”

“To enhance our visitor accessibility, whilstalso meeting the demands for additionalspace; BITEC Sky Walk will provide accessfrom Sukhumvit Road via an elevatedwalkway, complete with travelators which willferry visitors to a new, air-conditionedWelcome Hall covering a space of over1,700sqm and also connect with the mainbuilding which is planned to complete soonthis year.” Panittha added. nn

Events


One-stop expo for feed andgrain professionals

Previous edition attracted nearly 6,000industry professionals from variousparts of the globe.

S03 FEAG 1 2012 Events_Layout 1 27/01/2012 10:15

NEO IS ORGANIZING ILDEX Bangkok 2012 on 8-9 February 2012 at Queen

Sirikit National Convention Center, Bangkok, to underline the technology

needs of the Thai livestock industry. The show will run concurrently with

Pig, Poultry & Dairy Focus Asia 2012.

Teerayuth Leelakajornkij, Senior Project Manager of N.C.C. Exhibition

Organizer Co., Ltd., said, “The main objective of ILDEX Bangkok 2012 is to

cater to the demand for technology of Thailand livestock industry. Thailand’s

livestock sector has to see major developments to respond to both rising

demand and stricter consumer requirements. ILDEX Bangkok 2012 fills the

gap in the absence of VIV Asia that particular year; and the industry also has

a recurring need for continuous technological improvement.”

“ILDEX Bangkok 2012 will be an alternative technology platform for a

sector which is focusing more and more on animal health and nutrition. The

show will linger on the past successful ILDEX events and focus on the

concept ‘Bringing International Expertise To Satisfy Local Needs’. ILDEX

Bangkok 2012 will provide sound solutions for Thai producers trying to find

competitive advantages—this so as to be ready for AFTA and the resulting

new global trade environment,” said Leelakajornkij.


PIG, POULTRY & Dairy Focus Asia 2012 will offer topical technicalinformation for producers, veterinarians, nutritionists, advisers andgovernment personnel in the pig, poultry and dairy sectors.

'Productivity through Health & Nutrition’ is the theme of Pig,Poultry & Dairy Focus Asia 2012, to be held at the Queen SirikitCenter in Bangkok, Thailandon 8-10th February 2012.About 90 internationalexperts from differentcountries across the worldwill throw light on the latestdevelopments that livestockproducers should beharnessing to improve theefficiency and profitability oftheir businesses.

The four keynote speakerswill focus on sustainableanimal production, improvingproductivity and performancethrough genetics, newvaccines and enzymes in animal nutrition in an opening jointsession. The pig, poultry and dairy programmes run in parallelproviding three leading species specific conferences with a wealthof information relevant to Asian producers.

Pig, Poultry & Dairy Focus Asia 2012

Meeting technology needs ofThai livestock sector

VIV/ILDEX India2012

February 22 - 24, 2012

www.viv.net

Your portal to India’s Feed to Meat trade

Bangalore, India

Feedtech Croptech

The dedicated event for theIndian Milling industries

Special themeRegister now for free entrance!

Events


VIV/ILDEX INDIA— the country’s largestprofessional “Feed to Meat” platformorganized by VNU Exhibitions Europe

and N.C.C. Exhibition Organizer (NEO),together with Indian partner Inter Ads— willtake place from February 22-24, 2012 atBIEC in Bangalore.

VNU Exhibitions Europe and NEO havebeen long-term partners in Bangkok for VIVAsia. Within India, VNU Exhibitions and InterAds India have joined forces to establish VIVIndia, with editions in 2007 and 2010.Through their co-operations and own events,the three partners have set up profounddatabases as well as valuable networks withinstitutions, media and associations.

VIV/ILDEX India 2012’s focus on

incorporating knowledge sharing within the eventis reflected by the high level two-day conferenceprogramme in parallel with the exhibition. Withover 100 exhibitors, the total size of VIV/ILDEXIndia 2012 is set to reach 3,000sqm.

For the conference programme, a widerange of topics are selected, enablingprofessionals throughout the various parts ofthe production chain to improve their businessfor tomorrow. Farmers, investors, integratorsand manufacturers can choose from besttechnical practices and key trends, presentedby institutions and international suppliers.

Official OpeningDuring the Official Opening, key personalitiesfrom Indian national and state governments will

share their vision on the Indian meatproduction and processing industries. A specialkeynote will be presented by Rabobank,knowledge partner of VIV Worldwide.Rabobank’s Associate Director Commodities,Feed and Animal Protein, Mr. Nan-Dirk Mulder,is the editor of Rabobank’s latest report:“Crossroads for growth. The InternationalPoultry Sector Towards 2020”. Mulder willpresent both the main outcomes of the reportand the likely impact on the Indian industry.

Poultry Master ClassFollowing the successful Eggs! event at VIVAsia, the organizers bring Poultry Master Classto Bangalore. Eight international and Indianpoultry personalities will share their latest non-commercial visions and solutions during 20-minute walk-in sessions. Dr. Piet Simons,moderator of the Master Class, is lookingforward to the presentations, which havealready been confirmed by Aviagen, BigDutchman, DSM Nutritional products, Fancom,Marel Stork Poultry Processing, Moba, PasReform, Sanovo and Salmet.

Aviagen’s Laboratory Manager Dr. KavithaNatarajan will present “Bio-security andMaintaining Flock Health in a ChallengingEnvironment”. Big Dutchman’s Philip Dye willexchange his ideas on “The Indian future fortable egg production and broiler meatproduction”.

Feedtech-CroptechVIV introduced Feedtech-Croptech during its2011-events. For the first time, VIV/ILDEX Indiawill put the feed manufacturing industry in thespotlight. In addition to a complete exhibitionpavilion, there will also be a conference.CLFMA of India, one of the key supporters, willbring in a selection of Indian speakers who willaddress major challenges in the feed industry.There will also be an international influx ofquality speakers.

Natural solutionsIndia is well-known for its innovating powerwhen it comes to the development of naturalsolutions. That’s why the organizers haveselected the Bangalore-event to host fourpresentations. Leading manufacturersAyurvet, Himalaya, Indian herbs and NaturalRemedies will ensure you will be inspired bythe latest products and ideas to improveanimal performance. nn

Events


Following the successful Eggs! event at VIV Asia, the organizers bring Poultry Master Class to Bangalore

VIV/ILDEX India to focus on‘feed to meat’ su pply chainVNU Exhibitions and NEO will bring their respective brands ofVIV and ILDEX together in India. Both parties, together withIndian partner Inter Ads, have one single objective in mind:establish India’s largest professional “Feed to Meat” platform.


DESPITE HUGE ON-GOING advancesin modern technology, the best toolsavailable to hatchery workers are

still their own observations and instinctsthrough human senses of sight, hearing andsmell. Prompt initial identification of anyproblem relies on individuals recognisingwarning signs and accepting that there isnow a pressing need to investigate. This iswhere the new technology comes in as asupport mechanism which allows thehatchery worker to fine-tune the wholeincubation process.

Possessing the knowledge to identify andact on outstanding issues is also essential.This is the view of Dr Nick French,Incubation Specialist at Aviagen, which hasrecently enhanced and extended its range oftechnical literature covering the all-importantkey areas of egg incubation and on whichthis article is based.

Key areas of egg incubation are:• The temperature of the embryo during in-

cubation of the egg• Water loss from the egg throughout incuba-

tion and chick yield• Correct incubation time for the specific

poultry breed and product

Embryo temperatureTemperature of the embryo is the key andcrucial trait of egg incubation and closelyrelated to temperature of the eggshell. Thiscan be easily measured in a completely non-

destructive way and without causing anyharm to the embryo. Using eggshelltemperature as a ‘marker’ for embryotemperature is essential because temperaturewithin the incubation machine will not, andcannot, give an exact and accurate predictionof embryo temperature.

All that is required is an infra-redthermometer such as the Braun ThermoScan4520. With the temperature of the eggshellsuccessfully measured, the operator now hasan accurate guide for temperature of theembryo itself. Eggshell temperatures must bemeasured at the equator of the egg becauseover the air-cell the reading will registerlower than the true embryo temperature.Operators must make sure they are usingeggs with live embryos because an infertileegg does not generate heat.

Once the eggs have been monitored fortemperature, it is time to collate and interpretthe data. Use of thermal imagery shows howtemperature can vary across the range ofeggs in a single tray, including increasedheat in the eggs in the centre of the tray, aswell as the inherent occurrence of a relativelylower temperature above the air cell.

Optimum embryo temperature for idealhatchability and chick quality is between37.5°C and 38.3°C. Temperatures in excessof 39°C may prove dangerous and the middleperiod of incubation is especially critical andsensitive because there is a well-establishedrisk to the embryo if temperatures rise even

slightly above 38.3°C. Delayed hatch may bethe consequence of temperatures which aretoo low (i.e. below 37.5°C).

Acting on the informationFirstly, operators should make sure theincubation machine is working correctly withtemperature probes calibrated correctly andall fans working properly. If, under single-stage conditions, the temperature is too highor too low at any stage during the incubationperiod operators should make smallincremental adjustments to the temperatureprogramme to bring the eggshelltemperatures into the correct range.

With a multistage setting there is lessscope for making adjustments and the mostlikely situation is that either the eggs at theend of incubation are too warm or the eggsat the beginning are too cool. After checkingthe operation of the machine, make sure thatthe multistage loading pattern is correct.

Since multistage machines will hold eggsat different stages of incubation only onesingle temperature setting applies to all ofthe eggs. This means that it may benecessary to ‘negotiate’ a compromisebetween the requirements of the eggs at thestart of incubation and those at the end ofincubation. Where possible, operators shouldadjust settings to keep egg temperatures outof the danger/delay area at all times.

Incubator temperatureAs with the checking of eggshell temperatureagainst setter temperature, it is equallyimportant, indeed crucial, to ensure thattemperatures across the incubator areuniform. This can only be achieved bymaking regular and exhaustive checks on eggtemperature. The objective of such testing isto sample eggs from locations on the left and

Livestock


Tips for successful hatchery management

Long term success in hatchery management depends onhaving the right tools and techniques to monitor therequirements of both the egg and developing chick as well ashaving properly trained staff who can measure, react to andsatisfy those requirements.

S04 FEAG 1 2012 Poultry_Layout 1 27/01/2012 10:16


right, front and back, and top, middle andbottom of the setter. The exact locations willvary with machine design, but all areas ofthe setter should be sampled. Do not monitorthe eggs in the very top or bottom trays butdo monitor eggs in the centre of the traybecause these will be warmer than the eggsat the edges.

Maintaining optimum humidityThe second important consideration during eggincubation is the humidity. Maintaining theright humidity in the setter is crucial to asuccessful hatch as it controls the amount ofwater lost from the egg during incubation. Eggslose water because they have porous eggshells.Around 11 per cent to 12 per cent of eggweight is typically lost in this way during chickdevelopment. The actual rate of loss dependson the definitive porosity of the eggshell andthe humidity of the air within the incubator.

Different egg types will lose differentamounts of water and flock age, breed andshell quality will also affect the rate of waterloss. It is therefore important to adjustincubation conditions accordingly to optimisewater loss from the egg. Water loss from anegg allows the air cell to form, which givesroom for air sac inflation when the chick isabout to hatch. Too small and this cannothappen, too big and the embryo will desiccate.Ideal method to ensure humidity levels arecorrect is to weigh the eggs at the start ofincubation and then re-weigh them at 18 days.Weight of water lost is calculated bysubtraction and finally expressed as apercentage of the initial egg weight. If thatpercentage is outside the 11-12 per centrange, then the humidity requires adjustment.

Chick yieldChick yield, which is a measure of how hydratedthe chick is at hatch, is the chick weightexpressed as a percentage of the initial egg

weight*. The optimum percentage yield shouldbe between 67 per cent and 68 per cent. Lessthan this, the chick is likely to be dehydratedwith little yolk reserve which will subsequentlyshow up as over-active and noisy behaviour.Higher than this, the chick is likely to be lazyand may not perform well on the farm. Thecommon causes of low chick yields areincubating the eggs for too long, low humidity ora high temperature. Conversely, high yields areproduced by too short an incubation period, lowtemperature or high humidity.

Hatch timingHatch timing is crucially important. All thetime and hard work that invested in makingsure that temperature and humidity arecorrect and at optimum levels will count fornothing if hatch times turn out to beincorrect. Taking chicks out of the hatchertoo early can result in some loss of hatch orresult in immature chicks on the farm thatwill not perform well and therefore be moresusceptible to disease. Holding chicks in thehatcher for too long can also createproblems. Such developing chick embryosmay overheat leading to poor yolk reserves,dehydration and ultimately poor broilerperformance.

There are sure signs which telloperators that they are not achievingoptimum hatch timing. First and foremost,there should be a maximum of two percent chicks per tray hatched around 30hours ahead of the expected take-off time.In excess of that means the incubationtime is too long and future hatches shouldbe delayed by the appropriate amount.Operators should additionally look out forthe following:• Meconium-stained shell in the hatch de-

bris will mean that the chicks have beenout too long.

• If take-off timing is correct dampness

should be visible on the back of the necksof 5 per cent of the chicks.

• The incubation time is too long if thefeather blade has formed at hatch time.

Importance of data collectionDr Nick French at Aviagen says thatcarrying out regular, thorough checks willhelp eliminate problems and make anyinvestigations that much quicker to carryout and complete. All hatchery staffshould be trained to spot the potentialproblems and issues outlined above, anduse the data collected to make informeddecisions.

In summary, comprehensive andcontinuous data should be collected onaround three crucially key factors which areeggshell temperature, egg water loss andchick yield. Information thus collected willgive a clear idea of what is happening inthe hatchery and accurately pin-pointwhere action is required. The quicker thisinformation is gathered and acted upon, thequicker a successful hatching programmecan be established. Monitoring performancemeans improving performance which inturn means taking action. The result isimproved chick output and performance onthe farm, says Dr Nick French. nn

Dr Terry Mabbett

Reference: French, N. (2010) What theembryo needs. Incubation 2010. A one-daytechnical conference held on 19th April 2010at Viv Europe 2010. Utrecht, The Netherlands

Livestock

Maintaining the right humidity in thesetter is crucial to a successful hatch

*Formula for working out chick yield:


ANIMAL HEALTH COMPANY Elanco has launched a new poultryproduct, which, it claims, could prove just the tonic for the poultryindustry in the face of rising fuel and feed costs.

Following the acquisition of Janssen Animal Health, Elanco hasimproved the former company’s existing poultry tonic. Elanco PoultryTonic HD Plus contains new ingredients – a vitamin D3 metaboliteand a natural antioxidant blend – that aim to support birds during themost demanding periods of productivity, during growth and peaklaying, according to the company.

One study has demonstrated as much as a 5:1 return oninvestment can be made as a result of supplementing the D3metabolite alone. The vitamin D3 metabolite has been shown toincrease egg weights (by around 2 per cent) and improve feedconversion and feed intake. It is more available to the body thanvitamin D3, which plays a role in calcium metabolism (and thereforeegg production). The benefits are significant for commercial eggproducers but also for hatcheries, as egg size correlates with chickweight. The metabolite can also improve bone strength, potentiallyresulting in healthier, more robust poults.

The new antioxidant blend contains natural preparations ofvitamins that are better absorbed and used in the body, as wellas more complex antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables,such as flavanoids, polyphenols and carotenoids. Antioxidantsmop up free radicals produced by day-to-day metabolism, whichwould otherwise cause cell damage or play active roles in thedevelopment of some diseases. The requirement for antioxidantscan be increased in certain physiologically stressful situations –such as when additional demands are placed on the body byproduction.

Elanco’s new Poultry Tonic HD Plus is suitable for layers, broilers,breeders and turkeys.

New poultry tonic to boost producer profits


Livestock

CHICKENS ARE MORE resistant to infection if they are hatched atthe right temperature. Feeding them straight after hatching alsostrengthens their resilience at a later stage, according toWageningen UR PhD researcher Irene Walstra.

Walstra looked for ways of increasing the adaptive capacityof laying hens, so as to enable them to respond to pathogensmore effectively.

She hatched eggs at the optimal eggshell temperature of 37.8degrees Celsius, after which the chicks had immediate access tofood and water. They were then kept in a free-range barn with adust bath for seven weeks.

Another batch of eggs was hatched at temperatures ofbetween 36.7 and 38.9, did not get immediate access to food anddrink, and were kept in a cage. These conditions are common inthe poultry sector. When the chicks were exposed to an intestinalparasite at the age of 53 days, the chicks in the first group wereaffected much less severely.

“All the chicks fell ill, but the first group lost less weight thanthe second group”, says Walstra.

Poultry farmers obtain more resilient laying hens if more careis taken at the hatchery over the temperature in the hatchingmachine and the living conditions for the young chicks,concluded Walstra.

It can be difficult to make the second improvement becausestandard hatcheries do not have space for chicks to free-rangebefore they are delivered to the poultry farmers. Walstra calls herexperimental research a first step towards an alternative methodof improving animal health without using drugs.

Source: Wageningen UR

DISPOSAL OF HUGE quantities of

chicken feathers could soon be

made easier following the

discovery of a new micro-

organism that can disintegrate

the protein in them in around 30

hours, according to a recent

report in India’s DNA newspaper.

Chicken feathers usually take

five to seven years to

disintegrate because of the

keratin component in them. The

micro-organism was discovered

by Jyoti Jadhav, head of the

biotechnology department of

Shivaji University in Maharashtra,

India and her research student,

Ranjit Gurav.

“We were collecting micro-

organisms from the soil and

found six of them capable of

disintegrating chicken feathers in various time-

frames,” said Jadhav, who had been working

with Gurav on this project for the last three-and-

a-half years.

Of the six, one was found to be potent and was

deposited with the International Database Bank in

the US. Little did Jadhav and Gurav know that they

had chanced upon a new species of micro-

organism, which was later named

Chryseobacterium species Research

Bio Technology.

“Chicken feathers have to be

placed in a liquid mixed with the

micro-organism. This mixture needs

aeration. This is a simple method and

the technology can be easily

transferred to laymen,” said Gurav.

The microorganism secretes the

enzyme keratinise, which breaks

keratin into peptides and then into

amino acids. The liquid generated

after the degradation of the feathers

is a good quality bio-fertilser. “The

liquid residue after the degradation of

the feathers contains natural amino

acids, which are much better bio-

fertilisers than chemically made

amino acids. The trials of this liquid

remains on plants has shown good

results,” Jadhav said.

Jadhav was recently honoured with the Young

Woman Scientist Award of the Biotech Research

Society, India.

Indian researchers discover micro-organism for chicken feather disposal

Chicken’s resilience begins inthe egg: Research

Chicken feathers usually take five to seven years to disintegrate because ofthe keratin component in them


NO COUNTRY IS more on guard against the H5N1 HPAI (HighlyPathogenic Avian Influenza) virus than Hong Kong (HK) andthere is strong reason behind it. HK suffered the very first major

outbreak in 1997 resulting in depopulation of the territory’s entirepoultry flock and death of one-third of the 18 persons infected.

A further outbreak occurred in February 2003 with several humancases and a fatality, all tied to Fujian Province in mainland Chinawhere the affected family had visited. In 1997, the government hadordered all 1.3 million birds comprising HK’s poultry flock to beculled. Many families in rural areas had kept chickens in back-yard,wood-and-wire hutches that can still be seen today lying empty andrusting in villages across the territory. Ducks, geese and pigeons arealso widely consumed in HK.

Since 2004, the HK authorities had found H5N1 HPAI in a range ofdead wild birds including crows, herons, hawks and passerines (finches)but not in poultry until detection of H5N1 in a Kowloon poultry marketin June 2008, followed quickly by another outbreak at a HK chickenfarm in December of the same year. HK’s last confirmed human case ofH5N1 HPAI was in November 2010 in a 59-year-old woman who camedown with the disease after returning from a trip to mainland China.

With no further outbreaks in poultry since 2008, the HK authoritiesmust have been breathing a ‘sigh of relief’ until the virus returned tohaunt HK in December 2011 after H5N1 HPN1 was identified in thecarcass of a bird at a HK poultry wholesale market. This had quicklyfollowed the finding of a dead oriental magpie and a black-headed gullat HK secondary schools and with both testing positive for H5N1.

More than 19,000 birds were subsequently culled and the sale andimport of live poultry was banned for a brief period. HK’s 30 chickenfarms were promptly tested, with all samples found free of avianinfluenza, said the city government on 20 December 2011. HK’sAgricultural, Fisheries and Conservation Department said it wouldconduct further testing.

HK has traditionally taken a tough line on all flu-like viruses ever sincethe 1997 outbreak of H5N1 HPAI, which has since spread throughoutAsia, Europe and Africa resulting in the deaths of tens of millions of birds.HK, a city of 7 million people was also hit by an outbreak of Severe AcuteRespiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003 in which 299 people died. Duringthe 2009 swine flu scare, Hong Kong quarantined almost 400 people ina downtown hotel who may have come into contact with a Mexicanvisitor confirmed as having the caught the flu strain.

“Hong Kong has the best H5N1 contingency plan of anywhere in theworld,” said Yuen Kwok-yung, chairman of infectious diseases at theUniversity of Hong Kong’s department of microbiology. “We should not panic.Every winter there is increased H5N1 activity in poultry and migratory birds.”

December 2011 saw public hospitals in HK city activating their‘serious’ response level and enhanced surveillance after the governmentdiscovered the H5N1-infected chicken carcass in Cheung Sha WanTemporary Wholesale Poultry Market, in the western part of Kowloon.The market was declared an infected area, said Secretary for Food andHealth York Chow on 20th December 2011, adding how it wasn’t clearwhether the chicken was produced in HK or imported. Most poultryimported into HK originates in mainland China.

Livestock


H5N1 HPAI returns to haunt Hong Kong

The Department of Health tested workers at themarket, farmers and other people who may have

come into contact with infected birds but didnot find any human H5N1 infections

Pho

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Public hospitals in Hong Kong city haveactivated their ‘serious’ response level andenhanced surveillance after the governmentrecently discovered the H5N1-infected chickencarcass in a wholesale poultry market


A total of 15,569 chickens, 1,122 silky fowl, 1,950 pheasantsand 810 pigeons were destroyed at the market. No live ducks orgeese are sold in Hong Kong Chow and the government said it wouldpay compensation of HK$30 for each chicken destroyed. TheDepartment of Health tested workers at the market, farmers and otherpeople who may have come into contact with infected birds but didnot find any human H5N1 infections.

This latest ban on live poultry came a day before the winter solstice(December 21 2011), when many Chinese families hold a traditionalfeast that includes chicken dishes. “It is unfortunate that an avianinfluenza case is detected before the winter solstice,” said York Chow. “Iunderstand that it will cause inconvenience to the public. However, tosafeguard public health, we need to adopt decisive and effectivemeasures to prevent and control the spread of the virus,” he said.

According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta,Georgia, USA, avian influenza is a serious public health concern with thepotential to cause a deadly pandemic. Since 2003, as many as 573people have been infected with H5N1 HPAI worldwide of which 336 havedied. At its peak in 2005-2006, H5N1 HPAI was recorded in 60countries and although most have since managed to stamp out the diseaseit remains endemic in Bangladesh, India, Egypt, Vietnam, Indonesia andChina. HK imports huge quantities of poultry from mainland China.Outbreaks, having reached 4,000 in 2005, had fallen to 302 by 2008but have since increased progressively to reach 800 plus in 2010-2011.

August 2011 saw OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health)describe the evolution of a new strain of the H5N1 virus designated

2.3.2.1 which is a sub-clade of the Fujian clade 2.3. This sub-clade hasbeen evolving since 2008 and by 2011 had invaded large areas of Asiaincluding China and most of the northern and central parts of Vietnam.The OIE reported how its reference laboratory in Harbin, China haddeveloped a new vaccine seed strain that experimentally protectedpoultry from H5N1 2.32.1. OIE said registration and manufacture of anew poultry vaccine was underway for eventual field use in affectedareas of Asia and elsewhere. However, the ability and capacity of thecurrent crop of human flu vaccines to confer full protection againstH5N1 2.3.2.1 is less certain.

The Hong Kong outbreak is clearly not a one off but part of a realresurgence of H5N1 HPAI concentrated around Sub Clade 2.3.2.1.During 2011 there were outbreaks in poultry right across Asia includingVietnam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, China, Bangladeshand Myanmar. This pattern has continued into 2012 with outbreaksalready reported by Bangladesh at a commercial poultry farm in theJamalpur District of Dhaka and in India in Khorda District of OrissaState. Additional outbreaks have been reported by Bhutan and Iran.There has also been an upsurge in human deaths from H5N1 HPAIincluding two 39 year old men in China, in Guangdong Province (31December 2011) and Guizhou province (22 January 2012). In SouthEast Asia, Indonesia, Vietnam and Cambodia have already recordedthree, one and one deaths, respectively, in 2012. Vietnam’s last humanfatality from H5N1 HPAI was two years ago. nn

Dr. Terry Mabbett

Livestock


Wild water fowl such as the wild geese shown here are thoughtto be responsible for long distance transmission of H5N1

NEW AUSTRALIAN EGG CorporationLimited (AECL) research suggests that eggproduction has the lowest carbon footprint ofall the main protein foods.

AECL Managing Director, JamesKellaway, said the research was anothergood reason for consumers to include eggsas part of their daily diet.

“This study has highlighted somesurprising results, including suggesting thatthe humble egg is now the highest qualityprotein food with the lowest emissions. Butthe research also highlighted that there is stillscope for refinements to current practices inegg production to allow further reductions inemissions. AECL wishes to conduct further

studies on this important topic,” Mr Kellawaysaid.

“With greenhouse gas (GHG) emissionsfront of mind for many, this research providesconsumers with the information they need tohelp reduce their carbon footprints whenbuying foods,” he said.

The research project, conducted by SteveWiedemann and Eugene McGahan (andcommissioned by AECL), used Life CycleAssessment to study the GHG emissionsfrom three egg farms over one year.

The researchers also found that: Cageproduction delivered a lower carbon footprintthan free range egg production; greenhousegas emissions from cage egg production was

1.3kg of CO2-e per kg of eggs (carbondioxide equivalence, including methane andnitrous oxide); emissions from free range eggproduction was found to be 1.6kg of CO2-eper kg of eggs; Australian egg production hada lower carbon footprint than severalEuropean egg studies; the largest carbonimpacts in the supply chain were: feed grainproduction, then manure management andenergy use at the layer farm; free range eggproduction’s carbon footprint was found to beabout 20 per cent higher than cagedproduction due to the fact that it uses morefeed per kilogram of eggs producedcompared to the feed efficiencies of cageegg production.

Eggs are the new ‘low carbon protein’


Livestock


CHINA'S MINISTRY OF Industry and Information Technology hasannounced that the country has banned the production and sale ofractopamine, a controversial feed additive used to promote lean meatgrowth in food animals.

The ban became effectivefrom December 5, 2011,according to a document postedon the ministry's website.

The order came after a majorpork contamination scandal hitChina this spring when theShuanghui Group, China’s largestmeat-processing company, wasfound to be purchasing pigs thathad been fed with adulterated pigfeed, prompting a nationalcrackdown on the use of what's called as "lean meat powder."

Yu Kangzhen, China's chief veterinary officer, said that "lean meatpowder" includes around ten kinds of categories such as clenbuterol andractopamine.

Major markets, including the US and the EU, banned the use ofclenbuterol in late 1980s due to its dangerous side effects such asnausea, dizziness and headaches.

Later, US firms developed another kind of growth promoting chemical,ractopamine, which carries minor toxicity.

Currently, ractopamine is still allowed to be used as a feed additive inaround 20 countries, such as the US, Canada, and Mexico.

IT MAJOR IBM and China-based ShandongCommercial Group Co. Ltd. (Lushang Group)recently announced that they have designeda system that will help ensure the safety ofpork products in eastern China's Shandongprovince, while also improving the efficiencyof the food supply chain in the region.

In 2010, Lushang Group began workingwith IBM to create the new system, which iscurrently being tested by six selectedslaughterhouses, six warehouses, and about100 Inzone hypermarkets and supermarkets

across Shandong. The system, to becompletely deployed in 2013, will allowLushang Group to monitor and trace themovement of meat across all phases of thesupply chain.

Wang Guo Li, Director, NationalAgricultural Research Center for ModernLogistics Engineering, said, “When fullydeployed, this system will give consumers inShandong province confidence in the porkproducts they serve to their families. As anagricultural powerhouse within China, our

province is committed to improving foodsafety, and this system marks a significantstep toward that goal."

Using IBM WebSphere software runningon IBM System x Servers, experts from IBMChina Development Lab and China'sNational Engineering Research Center forAgricultural Products Logistics have createda pork monitoring and tracking system thatcan extract and store actionable businessinformation from the millions ofinterconnected sensors that make up the'Internet of Things'.

Matt Wang, Vice President, IBM ChinaDevelopment Lab, said, "Based on ourexperiences in building food andpharmaceutical tracking systems in othercountries, IBM has helped to create a systemthat traces pork through the entire supplychain from pig farms all the way tosupermarkets. Using this system, ShandongProvince's pork products will be safer andthus, more desirable to consumers.Governments and pork producers in othercountries should take note of what LushangGroup is doing."

RECENT TRIALS AND research data using Provimi’s piglet milkreplacer RescueMilk shows that piglet mortality can be reduced andweaning weights increased.Developed by Provimi, RescueMilk is fed using an automatedsystem and fed through RescueCups which are installed in thefarrowing pen or in a RescueDeck.On farm trials compared feeding RescueMilk through theRescueDeck system with relying on the sow’s milk in a range of littersizes. Results consistently showed a reduction in mortality of five percent and an increase of 0.5kg in weaning weights.“The number of live born piglets per litter has been steadilyincreasing in many EU countries. For example, the national averagein the Netherlands now stands at 13.5 piglets per sow,” saysStephen Cassidy, Provimi pig product manager for the UK andIreland. “It is expected that this trend will continue.”The consequence of increased litter sizes is an increase in thenumber of weak and small piglets. Normally, these piglets aretransferred to other sows but this reduces performance with lessuniformity, lower litter indexes and a potential increase in disease.Also, more farrowing house space is required to accommodate thesefoster sows.“Providing RescueMilk in the farrowing room, through RescueCupsor in RescueDecks, is an ideal solution,” adds Mr Cassidy. “Itensures that all piglets born have access to adequate amounts ofmilk and it gives the weaker piglets chance to catch up, making thelitter more uniform in size. The system also encourages the intake ofdry feed so that post weaning dips are minimised.”

China teams up with IBM to enhance pork safety

China bans ractopamine growthpromoter used in pig feed

Reduced mortality and higher weaningweights with RescueMilk

S05 FEAG 1 2012 Livestock 2_Layout 1 27/01/2012 10:16

Livestock


To develop a positive nutrition-based health strategy it is necessaryto consider the basic interactions between health and nutrition andto challenge the current concepts of nutritional requirements based

on avoidance of deficiency symptoms. Feed components and nutrientsinfluence health in many different ways. By manipulating or selectingthem, feed quality may be maintained and risk of mycotoxincontamination may be reduced. Nutritional components have a positiveeffect in maintaining the gastrointestinal tract and alleviating the threat ofenteric diseases. They influence many non-infectious diseases throughcontrol of oxidative stress. It is becoming evident in raising animals forfood that nutrition is all there is and a nutrition-based health strategymust play a major role in the future development of animal production.

Mycotoxins and their effects on the gastro-intestinal tractContamination of feed commodities by moulds and mycotoxins isconsidered to be one of the most important negative factors in cropproduction and animal feed quality. It is well documented that mycotoxinconsumption causes a decrease in performance including decreasedgrowth rate and poor feed efficiency (Pestka, 2007; Hanif et al., 2008).There has been extensive research addressing the different causes bywhich mycotoxins can alter animal productivity. In the current article,emphasis will be given to the effects of mycotoxins and endotoxins

within the intestine that may contribute to an impaired health andimmune status of the animals.

The gastrointestinal tract represents the first barrier against ingestedchemicals, feed contaminants, and natural toxins. Following ingestion ofmycotoxin-contaminated feed, intestinal epithelial cells can be exposedto high concentrations of toxins. Direct intestinal damage can be exertedby the biological action of mycotoxins. There are direct effects oftrichothecenes on protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. This is due tointeraction with the ribosomal units preventing either initiation of proteinsynthesis or elongation of the polypeptidic chains (Ueno, 1984).Trichothecenes affect actively dividing cells such as those lining thegastrointestinal tract. Another relevant effect of some mycotoxins(fumonisin B1 and ochratoxin A) is that they alter the barrier function ofthe intestinal epithelium measured as a decrease in the transepithelialelectrical resistance. Poults fed grains naturally contaminated withFusarium mycotoxins had decreased villus height in the duodenum, anddecreased villus height and apparent villus surface in the jejunum,during the starter period. In addition to the morphological changesinduced to the intestinal villi by DON it is suggested that this mycotoxininhibits Na+ transport and Na+-D-glucose co-transport in the jejunumof layers resulting in a reduction of glucose uptake when the intestine isexposed to DON (Awad et al., 2005, 2007). Aflatoxins fed to broilerchickens decreased the production of pancreatic secretions whereas

Mycotoxin control as a vitaltool for demedicalization

The gut and the immune system form a complex integrated structure that has evolved to provideeffective digestion and defense against ingested toxins and pathogenic bacteria. Nowadays,animal health has major implications for the food supply, public health and international trade.Nutrition is being more widely used as a practical solution to maintaining animal health.



aflatoxins fed to layers produced an increase inthe production of pancreatic enzymes (Osborneand Hamilton, 1981; Richardson andHamilton, 1987).

Even though some bacterial strains areaffected by mycotoxins, there is evidence thatmycotoxins increase pathogenic bacteriacolonization of the intestinal tract in severalanimal species. Fumonisin B1 (0.5 mg/kg BW)challenge in pigs made them more susceptibleto pathogenic E. coli colonization (Oswald etal., 2003). Similarly, layer chickens treatedwith ochratoxin A (3 mg/kg) had highersusceptibility to a Salmonella challengecompared to the control group (Fukata et al.,1996). E. coli challenge in broilers receivingan experimental diet containing 2 ppm ofochratoxin more than doubled the mortalitycompared to birds that received the bacterialchallenge and a diet without mycotoxins. Nobirds died in the treatment receiving the dietwith mycotoxin alone demonstrating that it isthe combination of mycotoxins and pathogenicbacteria what causes the most devastatingeffects (Kumar et al., 2003). Gross andhistopathological lesions of birds inoculatedwith E. coli were also more severe in birdsreceiving a diet containing 2 ppm of ochratoxinthan in birds receiving a diet with nosignificant levels of mycotoxins (Kumar et al.,2004). Parasitic infections are more severe incombination with mycotoxins. It has beendemonstrated that birds treated with lasalociddo develop clinical coccidiosis when the levelsof T-toxin exceeded 0.5 ppm (Varga and Ványi,1992). Moreover, chronic ingestion of DON—comparable to concentrations occurring incontaminated food and feed — was reported toimpair the intestinal transfer and uptake ofnutrients.

Endotoxins and their effects onthe gastro-intestinal tractEndotoxins are lipopolysaccharides (LPS)derived from the cell membranes of Gram-negative bacteria and are responsible for itsorganization and stability. In pharmaceuticalindustries it is possible to find endotoxinsduring production processes or in the finalproduct. Although endotoxins are linked withinthe bacterial cell wall, they are continuouslyliberated into the environment. The releasedoes not happen only with cell death but alsoduring growth and division. A singleEscherichia coli contains about 2 million LPSmolecules per cell.

Since bacteria can grow in nutrient poormedia such as water, saline, and buffers,endotoxins are found almost everywhere.Endotoxins are present in dust, feed, drinkingwater as a part of a bacterial cell wall or asfragments of whole bacteria. The mucosal

surface of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) iscovered with a one cell layer, the mucosalepithelium. Intestinal epithelium is constantlyexposed to gram negative bacteria, which areable to directly deposit their toxic andproinflammatory constituents such as LPS atthe intestinal epithelial apical surface. LPS is apotent toxin that elicits several immediateproinflammatory responses in mammaliancells. Despite the density of these bacteria andtheir toxins, the intestinal epithelium does notactivate proinflammatory responses to theseorganisms. Both innate and acquired immunesystems protect the GIT against microbialendotoxins. In conditions where the body isexposed to LPS excessively or systemically (aswhen small concentrations of LPS enter theblood stream), a systemic inflammatoryreaction can occur, leading to multiplepathophysiological effects, such as endotoxinshock, tissue injury, and death (Anspach,2001 Erridge et al., 2002 Ogikubo et al.,2004). However, endotoxin does not actdirectly against cells or organs but throughactivation of the immune system, especiallythrough monocytes and macrophages, with therelease of a range of proinflammatorymediators, such as tumor necrosis factor(TNF), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1 (Magalhaeset al., 2007).

Although ultimately beneficial in treatingthe infection, antibiotic therapy has beenhypothesized to initially increase the circulatingload of free endotoxin by killing or lysing theinfecting bacteria (Shenep et al., 1984, 1985,1988 Simmons and Stolley, 1974).

Antimicrobials have been used for morethan 50 years to enhance growth performance

and to prevent disease in livestock feedingenvironments (Gustafson and Bowen, 1997).There is growing concern about the potential ofantimicrobials in livestock diets to contribute tothe growing list of antibiotic-resistant humanpathogens (Corpet, 1996 Williams andHeymann, 1998). Although the use ofantimicrobials for growth promotion in livestockdiets is still allowed in the United States, mostcountries in Europe are implementing strictguidelines and regulations for the use ofdietary antimicrobials (Regulation (EC), 2003).In the event that restrictions are placed uponthe use of antimicrobials in commercial swinefeeding operations, many animal scientistshave begun to investigate natural alternativesto conventional chemotherapeutic agents.

Several drugs have been investigated tocounteract endotoxins. Antibiotics differ inpotential for endotoxin liberation according totheir bacteriostatic or bactericidal effect.Antibiotics can also bind endotoxins, PolymyxinB or Colistin being the example, but wereshown to be toxic themselves. The mostremarkable adverse effects of these drugs arenephrotoxicity (chiefly acute renal failure) andneurotoxicity (Mendes and Burdmann, 2010).

The use of antibiotics in farming operations(therapeutic use) clearly leads to thedevelopment of antibiotic-resistant pathogens.This causes problems when those antibiotic-resistant pathogens get into people. That iswhy a feed additive was developed for itspositive effect on health and immune status ofanimals exposed to mycotoxins andendotoxins. nn

Radka Borutova, Biomin

Livestock

Nutritional components have a positive effect inmaintaining the gastrointestinal tract and alleviatingthe threat of enteric diseases


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QUALITY CONTROL IN crop commodities is as old as agricultureitself and has been practised ever since the phrase ‘separatingthe wheat from the chaff’ was coined. Coffee beans are no

exception and require removal of several outer coverings before roastingcan be carried out.

Coffee is unique in variety, range and intensity of post-harvestprocessing carried out in a well-established sequential order of right upto the roasting drum. The downside is a wide range of potential beandefects to match the wide spectrum of events experienced by the redripe cherry before, during and after picking when processing does notproceed according to plan.

‘Defect’ is the term used in coffee industry to describe quality-relatedfactors that determine the proportion of defective beans and the presenceof extraneous (foreign) matter from coffee and non-coffee origins.Particular type and nature of the defect, and the potential problems itmay cause further downstream during storage, transit, roasting andcupping, may be due to: • presence of hard abrasive objects that can damage machinery• downgrading by buyers due to non-pleasing appearance (shape and

colour of green coffee beans) • lack of uniformity in coffee bean samples and a range of chemical fac-

tors which interfere with the development of taste and aroma duringroasting.

Defects in coffee beansThere are some 20 different ‘defects’ that may occur in green coffee andwhich must be removed prior to roasting. Well-established andpotentially damaging bean defects determined and categorised by colour,size, shape or aroma/taste aberration and presence of foreign matterinclude:• Black beans – the main defect in green coffee and describing any bean

that is 50 per cent black, externally or internally. ‘Black bean’ defect iscaused by extended fermentation of fruits which have been gatheredfrom the ground under the tree.

• Dark grey beans – a common colour defect caused by harvestingbeans before full ripeness and also due to poor drying

• Foxy beans – a rusty red colour caused by ‘over-done’ artificial drying• Glassy beans – also called the ‘white’ or ‘opalescent’ bean defect which

is caused by insufficient drying or re-absorption of moisture after drying• Blotchy beans – external spots of different colours appearing on the

bean and caused by oxidation reactions on the surface of the bean fol-lowing physical injury

• Drought affected beans – under-sized beans having a dull grey-greencolour with tendency for the skin to stick This defect is caused by har-vesting the coffee berries several weeks before full ripeness

• Broken beans – classified as any piece of bean which is smaller thannormal half bean size

Quality control in green coffee Dr Terry Mabbett examines the factors ofquality in green coffee beans and ways inwhich the quality of coffee can be improved

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Harvesting coffee berries at an inappropriatestage of maturity and ripeness can be thesource of green coffee defect problems, laterdown the line during processing

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• Crushed beans – beans having a flattened shape with the median fur-row laid open and caused by the processing of insufficiently dried beans

• Pitted beans – bean surface riddled with holes due to insect damage• Elephant beans – large deformed beans. • Aborted beans – flat under-sized beans with a dull, wrinkled surface• Stinker beans – beans look perfectly normal but they release a volatile

and putrid odour when cut open. This is the most difficult defect to de-tect and now rivals ‘black bean’ in frequency of occurrence.

• Rancid or acid beans – beans are dark brown in colour and release anunpleasant odour when cut open

• Musty beans – beans have an old musty smell due to surface growthof fungal moulds

• Foreign matter – includes a wide range of coffee and non-coffee mate-rials related to harvest and on-farm processing such as small stones,glass, metal, soil, dust, dry cherry, pulp, parchment, leaves, twigs andfragments of wood

Sorting coffee beansCoffee sorting is an extended, continuous process which starts with re-drying of insufficiently dried coffee beans (arriving from the farm) to anoptimum 11 per cent moisture level. Optimum bean moisture contentensures that outer coverings are removed more easily during the hullingand de-husking of, respectively, wet and dry processed coffee, thusreducing the risk of residual parchment or husk finding its way intocleaned and bagged green coffee.

Consignments of dry parchment coffee and especially dried coffeecherry, arriving from the estate, will invariably contain a wide range ofdense foreign objects including stones, glass and metal, which can damagehulling machinery. This first stage cleaning can be performed using ahopper fitted with screens to ‘sieve out’ medium to large objects followed bya magnetic separator to remove metal objects and finally a cleaner-separatorwhich combines sifting and pneumatic forces to remove dust.

Size grading of beans after hulling is a well-established practice used tomaximise financial return on larger beans, including ‘peaberries’, and toensure a uniform roast. In addition, it makes subsequent sorting of beansby differential density much easier. Beans are graded by size with eitherflat screen graders which retain the beans of the required size on avibrating screen, or cylindrical drum graders where the size grades ofbeans pass through the revolving screen at different points along the drum.

Sorting by differential densityGreen coffee now at the post hulling and size grading stages stillcontains a significant amount of dust and other very low densityparticles together with varying proportions of light beans and otherswhich are misshapen, discoloured or damaged by insect pests andmould fungi.

Sorting by differences in density is carried out using pneumatic (airpressure) or gravimetric (gravity flow) methods. This first stage in thefinal ‘sort’ before roasting depends on differences in density betweennormal healthy beans and those which are mechanically damaged,deformed, insect damaged or unhealthy. (Density is a comparativemeasure, which relates the mass [weight] of two objects having thesame volume or size). Density sorting is efficient as far as it can go,because many defective beans, and especially those caused by externalcolour differences or bad internal chemistry, have virtually the samedensity as normal beans.

Pneumatic sorting hinges on two physical parameters of the coffeebean, its density and diameter. Size grading beforehand is essentialbecause two spheres (approximate shape of a normal coffee bean) withdifferent diameters can in fact have the same settling velocity when theirdensity is different, which would prevent any separation on the basis ofdensity to be made.

Pneumatic sorting is embodied in the ‘catador’, dual-purpose coffeecleaning and grading equipment with its roots in the Brazilian coffeeindustry. The ‘catador’ uses moving air to differentiate between andseparate beans of similar size but different density, or between beans withthe same density but different size and shape. In practical language, the‘catador’ can be used to ‘weed’ out normal looking beans with defectivecontents (light beans), broken or damaged beads and to separate normalbeans of various densities into specific quality grade batches. For thisreason, it is most successful with pre-size graded coffee.

The ‘catador’ comprises a vertical shaft that is divided longitudinallyinto two columns (shafts) with an aspirating radial blade fan, operatingat 550 rpm, at the base of each shaft. Beans are fed via a hopper intothe side of the first column where the heavy beans fall to the bottom,while the lighter fraction is carried upwards in the stream of air. The air,carrying dust and other fine particles, is expelled through a screen whilethe remainder of the fraction passes into the second column, where theforce of air is less. A second separation into medium weight and lightbeans is made in this column.

The ‘catador’ is simple, practical and efficient. But the basic laws ofmechanics, relating to the flow or air over objects (in this case coffeebeans) and on which its operation is based, conspire to give imperfectseparations. Because coffee beans are not perfect spheres, dragcoefficient is variable and when subjected to turbulence the bean maypresent (display) itself differently in the flow of air. The velocity of the airis lower near to the walls of the column, the adjustment mechanism cancause deflection of the air flow and the velocity and flow rate of the airare affected by the resistance offered by the surface of the bean.

The net result of these scientific imponderables is that uncontrollablevariations in airflow can shift the dividing line for separation of beansinto light, medium and heavy grades. This problem of imperfectseparation has been overcome to some extent by making differentialdensity sorting an integrated process combining the use of pneumaticseparators like the ‘catador’ with the use of gravity flow separators.

Gravity separators also harness the force of moving air but in thiscase to ‘fluidise’ an inclined bed or deck of green coffee beans. Force ofthe air combined with reciprocating movement (vibration) of the deckcauses the dense particles to move progressively higher up the inclinedbed, while the lighter (less dense) fraction ‘floats’ downwards.

Modern gravity separators are extremely versatile. With appropriateadjustment of deck speed, air volume, deck type and angle, as well asbed depth of green coffee, they will accurately achieve a variety ofseparations. These include separation of highly dense objects such asstones from the bulk of coffee beans, separation of defects from normal

Fallen ripe coffee cherry picked up from bare soilunder trees can be the source of mould defectproblems during coffee bean processing

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beans and sorting/re-sorting of normal beans into separate quality gradeson the basis of differential densities.

Electronic colour sortingSorting by density has little or no effect on the proportion of discolouredbeans, unless the external discolouration is accompanied by internaldeficiencies, reflected in a lower density and lighter bean. Discolouredand defective beans are traditionally removed by hand, where size andprofitability of operation demands. But over the last 50 years, thehuman eye has increasingly been replaced with a more economicalternative in the form of an ‘electronic eye’ in the colorimetric sorter.Monochromatic machines use the reflection of white light to detect andremove black beans, which reflect a much lower proportion of light.They generally fulfil the sorting needs of robusta origins where removalof black and dark coloured beans is usually all that is required. Butsorting discoloured defects in arabica beans is more difficult. It requiresa bichromatic machine using a combination of two colours, usuallygreen/red or blue red, selected by the operator to pin-point and take outthe over-fermented and reddish beans, dark coloured/black beans, grassygreen immature beans, and the yellow beans.

Defects eliminated by monochromatic sorters include black beans,grey or dull beans, and some beans attacked by insects. Bichromaticsorters can eliminate black, grey, brown, foxy and unripe beans, andsome beans damaged by insects and dried coffee cherries. Some wouldargue that the well-trained human eye is at least as effective, if not ascost effective, as an electronic sorter. And there are situations where avery small operation producing a very high quality and high value nicheorigin, and where labour is no constraint, for which separation by eye/

hand co-ordination is still the most appropriate method of sorting. But neither the monochromatic or bichromatic electronic sorter, nor

the ‘human eye’, can deal with what has rapidly become the mostdestructive defect in coffee. The ‘stinker’ bean of wet processed coffee,caused by over-long fermentation and/or use of dirty water and due tothe build-up of volatile chemicals in the bean, is by far the mostdamaging. The putrid odour becomes apparent during roasting and justone ‘stinker’ in a roasting cylinder is sufficient to affect the batch andcome through to completely ruin cup quality. Electronic sorters thatdeliver a beam of Ultra Violet (UV) light are the answer to this problem.Stinker beans passing through the beam fluoresce, and trigger amechanism in the sorter (compressed air gun), which deflects the beaninto a reject channel.

Sorting capability and capacity of electronic sorters may be adjustedto eliminate more or fewer defect types and numbers of defective beans.Adjustments required will depend on the various types of defectspresent, the number of beans affected and also the profitability of theoperation, with losses incurred by removal at least compensated for byextra value of the sorted product.

For monitoring and quality control by electronic sorting, and especiallyfor ‘stinker’ and other taste/aroma defects, ‘proof of the coffee is in thecupping’. But growers and buyers dare not wait until this stage to find outwhether an origin has been affected. Evidence can be recorded muchfurther back along the line by comparative chemical testing in thelaboratory of unsorted, sorted and rejected samples. In this way specificchemicals can be attributed to particular cup quality problems. Forexample, ‘cis-4-heptanal’, is responsible for the taste experienced incoffee infused from batches that contain immature beans. nn


IN THE PHILIPPINES, apart from being one of the most viableagribusinesses with annual exports reaching more than US$1 billionannually, the coconut also symbolizes the farming life of Filipinos.

The country is the world’s top exporter of coconut products such ascoconut oil, desiccated coconut, coco shell charcoal and activatedcarbon. As a major agricultural sector, the coconut industry hashistorically shown more variability compared to the growth rates of boththe agricultural industry and gross domestic product (GDP) in general.Trade experts say production tends to be sensitive to economic shocksdue to its dependence on the global market. In a paper by Ed Amistad,coconut industry chair of the Philippine Chamber of Agriculture andFood Inc tells that the coconut sector is composed of 3.3 millionhectares in 69 provinces at an average of 2.4 hectares. About 3.5million coconut farmers and about 20 million are dependent directly orindirectly on the coconut.

Tracing its history, the coconut was a colonial crop that was forced onthe natives by the Spanish gubernatorial edict in 1642. The crop’ssignificance grew when demand for products such as soap, margarine,copra and coconut oil—which need coconut raw materials—began toincrease. The US and Europe were the first markets of Philippinecoconut oil and copra.

After the era of Spanish, American and Japanese colonialism, thecoconut industry’s golden years began with demand for copra andcoconut oil from both the local and international market started toheighten, establishing the foundation of the coconut manufacturing andexport economy.

The 1970s and the following decade ushered a new era ofdevelopment with the imposition of the coconut stabilization levy to easethe inflationary effect of the high prices of coconut oil and copra in theworld market. In 1973, the martial law regime merged all coconut-related, government operations within a single agency, thus the creationof the Philippine Coconut Authority. The PCA was given control to collecta levy of PHP0.55 per 100 kilograms on the sale of copra to stabilizethe domestic price of coconut-based consumer goods, particularlycooking oil. The levy was increased after a year to finance the plantingof hybrid coconut trees.

The levy was also utilized to finance several development programslike coconut replanting, fertilization, scholarship program for deservingchildren of coconut farmers, acquisition and rationalization of coconutmills for the benefit of the coconut farmers, research and development,establishment of a coconut farmers’ bank and investments. The levyended and indefinitely suspended in 1982 when coconut prices ofbegan to fall. However, the levy has been controversial until now sincefarmers protested that they were not able to benefit from the levies andthat only the officials at that time have reaped the rewards. The case isstill pending in the courts.

According to the Institute for Development and EconometricAnalysis, the local coconut sector is categorized into three mainsectors: coconut farming, copra/coconut milling and copra trading.Coconut farming includes all activities by the farm owner, coconutfarmers and farm workers directly related to the production of the crop.IDEA says this group has the highest level of employment among the

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With its seemingly endless products derivedfrom its various parts, the coconut indeeddeserves to be called the “tree of life”. Fromroot to tip, the coconut tree can provide almostanything—from food to industrial needs.

The Philippines’ money-making tree


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three sectors as about 90 per cent of the total number of workers inthe industry is employed.

There are 65 coconut oil mills with an installed copra crushingcapacity of 4.54 million tons a year. There are also 45 oil refineries withinstalled capacity of 1.53 million tons of Cochin coconut oil—so namedbecause this product was originally from Cochin, India. Ten desiccatedcoconut plants are likewise constructed with a output capacity of132,700 tons a year and eight oleo-chemical plants makingintermediate coconut-based chemicals like fatty alcohol, fatty acids,methyl ester and glycerin.

New productsExports are the industry’s primary trade as it closed the year 2011 withUS$2 billion in revenue due to strong demand for various coconutproducts. According to PCA administrator Euclides Forbes, 80 per cent ofthe export earnings came from coconut oil wherein it grew by 34.74 percent at US$1.22 billion for the first seven months of 2011 comparedwith the US$908.72 million earned in the same period of the previousyear. Forbes said the export value soared due to high global demand andprices in 2011 as the average price of copra is US$1,063.10 per metricton from US$754.59 on the same period of 2010.

With the increasing trend towards healthy stuff, virgin coconut oil(VCO) and coconut sugar are the products that are gradually becomingpopular. Aside from being a beauty aide for skin and hair, VCO is alsoantiseptic, anti-infective, cholesterol-basher and a remedy for variousaches and pains, based on a research by American physician Dr. BruceFife. Dr Fife’s recent research showed that VCO’s latest healing propertyis that of curing Alzheimer’s and other neurological conditions. Dr Fifepresented his evidence in last year’s 10th Coconut Festival held inManila relating to the remarkable recovery of Steve Newport, 58, fromfive years of progressive dementia after just 35 days of taking VCO. Fifetells that Newport’s wife Mary, who is also a physician, discovered thatVCO contains MCT or medium-chain triglycerides, an ingredient found inoils that is used to treat epilepsy and is also placed in hospital feedingprograms for newborns. Dr Fife says the wonders of VCO are endlessand its therapeutic abilities will still be stretched to dreaded maladiesgiven the proper research and development.

On the other hand, the coconut sugar is a welcome development fordiabetics and hypoglycemics because of its low glycemic index (GI) of 35,which is much lower than the 54 GI level that nutritionists consider safefor people who have to watch their blood glucose level. The PhilippineCouncil for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research andDevelopment (PCARRD) affirms that coconut sugar is rich in nutrientsand high in potassium, calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, sulfur andVitamin C. PCARRD said that flowers of coconut tree provide the sap thatis made into sugar. Each tree in good stand can yield an average of twoliters of sap daily and four coconut trees are needed to produce one kiloof sugar per day. The agency also explained that it doesn’t need muchcapital as production is a simple farm-level technology, using naturalprocess of heat evaporation to convert liquid sap into solid form of sugargranules. It will not need complicated and high-cost machine forequipment nor a huge capital. The agency added that coconut sugarholds a lot of promise for farmers since this can be an ideal export to theUS and Europe where there is a distinct market for the commodity.

The PCA is also placing its bet on coconut wood since this is the bestmaterial for furniture and other handicrafts. According to Forbes, the agencyis reviving its timber utilization to utilize coconut wood for furniture and cangive a competitive edge to countries such as Fiji, Indonesia and India thatare dominating the global furniture market (out of coconut lumber).

Other maiden coco-based products such as coco wine, biodiesel,coco flour, coco chocolate and many others are expected to make wavesin the international trade.

PredicamentsDespite these good developments, around 44.8 million of coconut treesare aging and dying and needs to replace a huge chunk of coconutplantation. Forbes says the senility of trees is due to weather aberrationsand diseases and should be cut to lumber. According to Amistad,coconuts can now only produce 43 nuts per year from the ideal 80 to120 nuts brought about by unabated cutting of coconut trees (about220,000 trees/year). Low genetic potential of planting material, optimaluse of labor inputs and planting of coconuts in marginal lands are alsothe reasons for the declining productivity, tells Amistad.

In the last five years, Amistad said coconut production per year was2.4 million tons of copra or 1.5 million coconut oil, compared toMalaysia’s production which increased by 45 per cent to 35 millionmetric tons of palm oil. For this reason, coco oil has lost its dominantposition in the international vegetable oils market, only capturing 2 percent in 2007 from 12 per cent in 1960.

Aging coconut farmers are also a problem, tells Amistad, as theaverage age of a coconut farmer is 60 years old which implies that fewerand fewer of the younger generation are going into coconut farming.Amistad adds that further studies show that the level of educationalattainment of coconut farmers as well as training programs extended bythe government are lower than those of their counterparts in rice, cornand sugar. Amistad says this makes it difficult to get coconut farmers toaccept and apply new technology and farm practice. Low income alsodiscourages farmers to plant coconut since the annual income onlyranges from PHP5,000 (US$115.08) to PHP15,000 (US$347.42).Moreover, farmers still do not own the land they till or work on.

Nonetheless, Amistad believes that these obstacles can be hurdledas the coconut industry remains to be an important pillar of thePhilippine economy due to its huge greenback receipts every year.Amistad emphasizes that the industry will assume even greaterimportance in the light of the increasing global trend towardssustainable development which places importance on the use ofrenewable, non-polluting resources.

Amistad is confident that the industry will continue to enjoy growthpotentials with market demand expected to remain strong not only fortraditional products but also for new products which are deemed ashealthy alternatives. nn

Gemma Delmo

With the increasing trend towards healthy stuff,virgin coconut oil (VCO) and coconut sugar are theproducts that are gradually becoming popular


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TO PREVENT DEVASTATING insect pestoutbreaks in rice that cause millions ofdollars of damage, the International

Rice Research Institute (IRRI) has called for aban on certain insecticides in rice productionas part of its new Action plan to reduceplanthopper damage to rice crops in Asia.

At the recently-held internationalconference on “Threats of Insecticide Misusein Rice Ecosystems – Exploring Options forMitigation” in Hanoi, Vietnam, IRRI broughttogether leaders in the rice industry toadvance towards a “greener game plan” tomanage brown planthoppers, which, withoutexaggeration, are one of a rice farmer’sworst fears.

“We need to seriously rethink ourcurrent pest management strategies so wedon’t just cope with current outbreaks, butprevent and manage them effectively in thelong run,” says Dr. Bas Bouman, head ofthe Crop and Environmental SciencesDivision at IRRI and leader of the GlobalRice Science Partnership (GRiSP) program

on sustainable production systems.“At the conference we engaged

policymakers, agricultural scientists,researchers, extension workers, and the privatesector that have a direct stake in Vietnam'sagricultural industry and can make a positivecontribution to a long-term planthoppermanagement strategy,” said Dr. Bouman.

Considered a major scourge in rice-producing countries, planthoppers in largenumbers cause considerable damage bysucking sap from rice plants, causing themto wilt and die. They also transmit three viraldiseases that stunt rice plants and preventgrain formation.

“Planthopper outbreaks occur when thereis a breakdown in ‘ecological resilience’ of arice farm,” explains Dr. K.L. Heong, an insectecologist at IRRI.

“Beneficial predators such as spiders andbugs that feed on planthoppers are part of anatural system of ‘checks and balances’ thatkeeps planthopper populations belowoutbreak levels,” he added. “When this

natural balance is disrupted, however,planthopper outbreaks occur.”

Many beneficial insects that prey onplanthoppers are killed inadvertently wheninsecticides are misused or are usedindiscriminately. Also, growing three ricecrops a year or using the same varietiesover a large area and for a long period canlead to pest outbreaks due to the adaptationand buildup of pest populations.

The Action plan recommends twomajor principles – first to enhancebiodiversity and second to regulate themarketing and use of insecticides,including the banning of certain outbreak-causing insecticides in rice.

With IRRI’s support, just three monthsago, Thailand banned the use of twoinsecticides in rice – abamectin andcypermethrin – because they are known tobe major causes of planthopper outbreaks.

Also, in March this year, the Vietnameseprovince of An Giang started adoptingecological engineering practices such asgrowing flowers in nearby paddies tonurture planthopper predators.

"It’s a first step and there’s a lot moreto go, but openness to change is nothingnew to Vietnam,” cited Dr. Heong.

The country, having seen dramaticchanges in its rice production over the last26 years, went from being a strugglingrice importer to becoming a strong riceexporter now by adopting a country-widereform policy called “Doi Moi” in the late1980s. Doi Moi was the underlying forcebehind Vietnam’s rice success today, andit literally means “change and newness.”

Willingness to embrace change hasalso been the reason behind the successof two campaigns by IRRI and the PlantProtection Department (PPD) of Vietnamin 1994 and 2003 to better manage ricecrops and rice pests. “No Early Spray” and"Three Gains, Three Reductions" wonseveral awards from different organizationsand became renowned models forparticipatory learning in agriculture.

“With the two leading rice-exportingcountries, Thailand and Vietnam, showingsuch leadership in better pestmanagement, we remain optimistic that,in the future, planthopper outbreaks willlessen in their frequency and severity,” Dr.Bouman concluded. nn

The IRRI’s action plan recommends increasing biodiversity onrice farms and regulating the marketing and use ofinsecticides – including banning certain insecticides in rice.

Stop abusing insecticides in rice: IRRI

Fighting planthopper outbreaks calls for promoting natural planthopper enemy diversity and cutting down on pesticide use




Poultry Buyers’ GuideSection One - Listings by categories Section Two - List of suppliers Section Three - Contact details of agents in Asia

2 0 1 2

All EquipmentDiamond Engineering Ltd.Henke-Sass, Wolf GmbHSalmet International GmbHBreeding EquipmentDiamond Engineering Ltd.Plasson Ltd.Cages - breederBig Dutchman International GmbHCages - broilerBig Dutchman International GmbHCages - brooder andrearingBig Dutchman International GmbHCages - layerBig Dutchman International GmbHSalmet International GmbHClearing and SanitationGoizper, S CoopClimate SystemsBig Dutchman International GmbHComputer SystemsBig Dutchman International GmbHDisinfection EquipmentGoizper, S CoopDisinfection ProductsGoizper, S CoopIntraco Ltd. nv

Egg Collection, Handlingand TransportBig Dutchman International GmbHLubing Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KGEvaporative CoolingSystemsBig Dutchman International GmbHLubing Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KGExportsHenke-Sass, Wolf GmbHFeedIntraco Ltd. nvFeed AdditivesEurofeed Technologies S.r.l.Intraco Ltd. nvProtexinFeed Additives, NaturalEurofeed Technologies S.r.l.ProtexinFeed IngredientsEurofeed Technologies S.r.l.Intraco Ltd. nvProtexinFeeding SystemsPlasson Ltd.Feeds, Concentrates,PremixesIntraco Ltd. nv

Fogging EquipmentBig Dutchman International GmbHGoizper, S CoopLubing Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KGPlasson Ltd.Handling EquipmentDiamond Engineering Ltd.Hatchery Supplies andServicesDiamond Engineering Ltd.Health ControlDiamond Engineering Ltd.Goizper, S CoopHenke-Sass, Wolf GmbHHealth ProductsHenke-Sass, Wolf GmbHProtexinHeat Control SystemsDiamond Engineering Ltd.HousingPoultec nvSalmet International GmbHManure TreatmentBig Dutchman International GmbHPoultec nvSalmet International GmbH

MedicatorsBig Dutchman International GmbHHenke-Sass, Wolf GmbHLubing Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KGPlasson Ltd.Poultec nvMould InhibitorsEurofeed Technologies S.r.l.Nests and NestingSystemsBig Dutchman International GmbHSalmet International GmbHPest Control/DisinfectionEquipmentGoizper, S CoopPork ProcessingPoultec nvSalmonella ControlDiamond Engineering Ltd.Eurofeed Technologies S.r.l.SanitationGoizper, S CoopTurnkey OperationsPlasson Ltd.Poultec nvVentilation EquipmentBig Dutchman International GmbH

Veterinary InstrumentsDiamond Engineering Ltd.Henke-Sass, Wolf GmbHVeterinary - SprayersDiamond Engineering Ltd.Goizper, S CoopVeterinary - VaccinatorsDiamond Engineering Ltd.Henke-Sass, Wolf GmbHWatering EquipmentBig Dutchman International GmbHGoizper, S CoopIgeba Geraetebau GmbHLubing Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG

Section One

SUPPLIERSAlmex bv

PO Box 150Zutphen, 7200, The NetherlandsTel: +31 575 572666Fax: +31 575 572727Web: www.almex.nlE-mail: [email protected]

Awila Agrar-und IndustrieanlagenGmbH

Dillen 1Lastrup, 9688GermanyTel: +49 4472 8920Fax: +49 4472 892220Web: www.awila.deE-mail: [email protected]

Big Dutchman International GmbH

PO Box 1163Vechta, 49360, GermanyTel: +49 444 78010Fax: +49 444 7801237Web: www.bigdutchman.deE-mail: [email protected]: Australia - Australasian Agricultural Services (Pty) Ltd.Australia - Stockyard IndustriesAustralia - Werner GundmannBangladesh - AFS EnterpriseChina - Big Dutchman (Tianjin) Livestock Equipment Co. Ltd.China - Big Dutchman (Tianjin) Livestock Equipment Co. Ltd.Beijing Branch Com.India - Big Dutchman International GmbHIndonesia - Aneng Gunawan Lim (BD-ML)Indonesia - PT BD Agriculture IndonesiaJapan - Masahiro SumiyaJapan - Tohzai Sangyo Boeki Inc.Korea - Ganong International Co. Ltd.

Korea - Jeong Jin SooMalaysia - BD Asia Sdn BhdNew Zealand - Landmore Agri Ltd.New Zealand - Mike McNaughtNew Zealand - Steve CadwalladerPakistan - Eastern Veterinary ServicesPhilippines - Asia Giant EnterprisesSingapore - Morgan EnterpriseSri Lanka - JK Tradelink Pvt. Ltd.Taiwan - Bartholomew Lo, Siu-ManTaiwan - Global Ace Trading Co.Thailand - BD Agriculture (Thailand) Ltd.Vietnam - P & N Agro Business Co. Ltd. - Vietnam

Compact Seeds and Clones

PO Box 30-1000San Jos, Costa RicaTel: +506 2257 2666Fax: +506 2257 2667Web: www.asd-cr.comE-mail: [email protected]@asd-cr.com

China Animal Agriculture Association

9F, A Building, Times Fortune CenterNo.6 Shuguang Xili Jia, Chaoyang DistrictBeijing, 100028, ChinaTel: +86 10 58677700Fax: +86 10 58677809Web: www.caaa.org.cnE-mail: [email protected]

Diamond Engineering Ltd.

Shirehill Industrial EstateThaxted Road, Saffron Walden, CB11 3AQUnited KingdomTel: +44 1799 523588Fax: +44 1799 513381Web: www.diamond-engineering.co.ukE-mail: [email protected]

Section Two

PLEASE MENTION FAR EASTERN AGRICULTUREWHEN CONTACTING YOUR SUPPLIERS

S08 FEAG 1 2012 Buyers Guide_Layout 1 27/01/2012 10:18

Eurofeed Technologies S.r.l.

Via L. Einaudi, 12Loc. BettolinoBrandico (BS)ItalyTel: +39 030 6864682Fax: +39 030 6866560Web: www.eurofeed.itE-mail: [email protected]

Goizper, S Coop

Antigua, 4AntzuolaGipuzkoa20577SpainTel: +34 943 786000Fax: +34 943 766008Web: www.goizper.comE-mail: [email protected]

Henke-Sass, Wolf GmbH

Keltenstra e 1Tuttlingen78532GermanyTel: +49 7462 9466118Fax: +49 7462 94665208Web: www.henkesasswolf.deE-mail: [email protected]: Indonesia - Pesona ScientificIran - Eamon & Saba Shiraz Co. Ltd.Korea - Yushin CorporationPhilippines - P & J Agricultural TradingTaiwan - Ennchih Co. Ltd.

Intraco Ltd. nv

Meir 24Antwerp, 2000BelgiumTel: +32 3 2269850Fax: +32 3 2269852Web: www.intraco.beE-mail: [email protected]

Lubing Maschinenfabrik GmbH &Co. KG

Lubingstrabe 6Barnstorf, 49406GermanyTel: +49 5442 98790Fax: +49 5442 987933Web: www.lubing.comE-mail: [email protected]: China - Lubing System Engineering (Shenzhen) Co. Ltd.India - Lubing India Pvt. Ltd.Indonesia - PT. Charoen Pokphand IndonesiaJapan - Hytem Co. Ltd.Thailand - Kasethpand Industry-KSP Equipment Co. Ltd.Vietnam - Dong A Material-Veterinary JSC

Omex Agrifluids Limited

Saddlebow Road Industrial EstateKing’s LynnNorfolkPE34 3JAUnited KingdomTel: +44 1553 817500Fax: +44 1553 817501Web: www.omex.co.ukE-mail: [email protected]

Plasson Ltd.

Maagan MichaelD.N. Menashe37805IsraelTel: +972 4 6394711Fax: +972 4 6390887Web: www.plasson.comE-mail: [email protected]: Australia - Outback Environmental Controls (Pty) Ltd.India - Dhumal Plasson Pvt. Ltd.Japan - Tohzai Sangyo Boeki Inc.Japan - Yamamoto CorporationMalaysia - Edaran-Ispro (M) Sdn BhdMalaysia - PT GemilangNew Zealand - Sonoma EnterprisesPhilippines - Belmont AgricorpPhilippines - First Citylink EnterprisesPhilippines - Jemcy EnterprisesThailand - Kasethpand Industry-KSP Equipment Co. Ltd.

Poultec nv

Meir 24 2000AntwerpBelgiumTel: +32 3 2269850Fax: +32 3 2269852Web: www.poultec.netE-mail: [email protected]

Protexin

Lopen HeadSomersetTA13 5JHUnited KingdomTel: +44 1460 243230Fax: +44 1460 249543Web: www.protexin.comE-mail: [email protected]: Australia - International Animal Health Products (Pty) Ltd.Malaysia - Agritech Enterprise Sdn BhdTaiwan - Nedtex Co.

PT. Global Expo Management (GEM Indonesia)

Perkantoran Mutiara Taman PalemBlock C5 /28-29Jl. Kamal Raya Outer Ring RoadJakarta Barat11730IndonesiaTel: +62 21 54358118Fax: +62 21 54358119

PT. Napindo Media Ashatama

Jl. Kelapa Sawit XIV Blok M1 No. 10Kompleks Billy & MoonPondok KelapaJakarta13450IndonesiaTel: +62 21 8650962/8644756Fax: +62 21 8650963Web: www.napindo.com

Salmet International GmbH

Assar-Gabrielson-Str. 19aDietzenbach63128GermanyTel: +49 6074 37600Fax: +49 6074 376049Web: www.salmet.deE-mail: [email protected]

VNU Exhibitions Europe

PO Box 88003503 RV UtrechtThe NetherlandsTel: +31 30 2952788/2719Fax: +31 30 2952809Web: www.viv.net

The Original!






AGENTSSection Three

AustraliaAustralasian Agricultural Services(Pty) Ltd.34 Millennium PlaceWellington Point, Queensland, 4160Tel: +61 7 33960166Fax: +61 7 33960266E-mail: [email protected]

International Animal Health Prod-ucts (Pty) Ltd. 18 Healey CircuitNSW 2148Tel: +61 2 96727944Fax: +61 2 96727988E-mail: [email protected]

Outback Environmental Controls(Pty) Ltd.2/32 Billabong StreetStafford, Brisbane Qld4053Tel: +61 7 33526677Fax: +61 7 33562805Web: www.oex.biz/poultryE-mail: [email protected]

Stockyard IndustriesKing StreetClifton, QLD4361Tel: +61 746 973344Fax: +61 746 973532E-mail: [email protected]

Werner GundmannPO Box 54, InverleighVIC3321Tel: +61 418552776Fax: +61 352651486E-mail: [email protected]

BangladeshAFS EnterpriseHouse #70 Road #21 Block BBananiDhaka, 1213Tel: +880 2 8858404Fax: +880 2 8815210E-mail: [email protected]

ChinaBig Dutchman (Tianjin) LivestockEquipment Co. Ltd.No. 21, Shuang Yuan RoadBeichen EDZTianjin300400Tel: +86 22 26970158Fax: +86 22 26970157E-mail: [email protected]

Big Dutchman (Tianjin) LivestockEquipment Co. Ltd. Beijing BranchCom.13/FI, Tower AWangjing Building No. 9Wangjing Zhonghuan Nan RoadChaoyang District/Beijing100102Tel: +86 10 64761888Fax: +86 10 64761999E-mail: [email protected]

Lubing System Engineering (Shenzhen) Co. Ltd.Song Ming Industrial ParkGongmin Town,Guangming Distr.,Shenzhen CityGuangdong Province518106Tel: +86 755 27411888Fax: +86 755 27411124Web: www.lubcn.comE-mail: [email protected]

IndiaBig Dutchman International GmbHNo. 8-2-L/26/AMLA ColonyRoad No. 12 Banjara HillsHyderabadA.P.500034Tel: +91 40 23551192Fax: +91 40 23551183E-mail: [email protected]

Dhumal Plasson Pvt. Ltd.E36 D RoadMidc, SatpurNashik422007Tel: +91 253 2350684Fax: +91 253 2351584Web: www.dhumal.comE-mail: [email protected]

Lubing India Pvt. Ltd.271/P/B, Ingawale Patil EstateBhugaonPaud Road, Tal MulshiPune, Maharashtra411 042Tel: +91 20 2952404Fax: +91 9890996030Web: www.lubingindia.comE-mail: [email protected]

IndonesiaAneng Gunawan Lim (BD-ML)Taman Palem LestariBlok D 5A, No. 27Jakarta, 11730Tel: +62 21 54391968Fax: +62 21 54399284E-mail: [email protected]@bigdutchman.com

Pesona ScientificKomplek Kopo Mas RegeneBlock 8-jBandungID-40225Tel: +62 22 5430583Fax: +62 22 5430314E-mail: [email protected]

PT BD Agriculture IndonesiaPergudangan Prima Center 2Blok E No. 9 Jl. Pool PPDPesing Poglar RT 010/002 Kel.Kedaung Kali Angke, CengkarengJakarta 11710Tel: +62 21 29031020Fax: +62 21 29030955E-mail: [email protected]

PT. Charoen Pokphand IndonesiaPoultry Equipment DivisionJl. Raya Serang Km. 30BalarajaTangerang15610Tel: +62 21 5951187Fax: +62 21 5951013Web: www.lubing.comE-mail: [email protected]

IranEamon & Saba Shiraz Co. Ltd.Jamal Zadeh Shomali5-Hayat AvenueTeheran14198 64951Tel: +98 21 66434539Fax: +98 21 66929720E-mail: [email protected]

JapanHytem Co. Ltd.2-10 Techno PlazaKakamigahara CityGifu509-0109Tel: +81 5838 50505Fax: +81 5838 51230Web: www.hytem.comE-mail: [email protected]

Masahiro Sumiya5-18-3-1402MinamikasaiEdogawa-KuTokyo1340085Tel: +81 3 59397061Fax: +81 3 59397061E-mail: [email protected]

Tohzai Sangyo Boeki Inc.2-chome 17-8 YushimaBunkyo-kuTokyo113-0034Tel: +81 3 38154491Fax: +81 3 38154456Web: www.tohzai-sangyo.co.jpE-mail: [email protected]

Tohzai Sangyo Boeki Inc.2-chome 17-8 YushimaBunkyo-kuTokyo113-0034Tel: +81 3 38154491Fax: +81 3 38154456Web: www.tohzai-sangyo.co.jpE-mail: [email protected]

Yamamoto Corporation66-2 Kamihina-ShiHozu-choKameoka-ShiKyoto621 0005Tel: +81 771 251451Fax: +81 771 251453Web: www.yamamoto-corp.jpE-mail: [email protected]

KoreaGanong International Co. Ltd.349-1 Cheonhyun-dongHanam-shiKyunggi-do, 465-816South KoreaTel: +82 23 4366790Fax: +82 23 4366792Web: www.ganongbio.co.krE-mail: [email protected]

Jeong Jin Soo486-18 Ui-green villa 6-202Ssangmun-dongDobong-ku, SeoulSouth KoreaE-mail: [email protected]

Yushin Corporation7F, 751 Bldg.203 Nonhyon-DongKangnam-KuKR Seoul135-010Tel: +82 2 5682525Fax: +82 2 5693113E-mail: [email protected]

MalaysiaAgritech Enterprise Sdn Bhd22 Jalan SS 4C/547301 Petaling JayaSelangorTel: +60 3 78033226Fax: +60 3 78033911Web: www.meyn.comE-mail: [email protected]

BD Asia Sdn BhdNo. 20, Lorong Keluli 1BKawasan PerindustrianBukit Raja, 40000 Shah AlamSelangorTel: +60 3 33615555Fax: +60 3 33422866E-mail: [email protected]

Edaran-Ispro (M) Sdn Bhd27 A Lorong 20,Taman Peteni JayaSungai PataniKedahTel: +60 4 4292058Fax: +60 4 4292059/4231779E-mail: [email protected]

PT Gemilang27 A Lorong 20Taman Patani Jaya08000 Sungai PataniKedahTel: +60 4 4217834Fax: +60 4 4231779E-mail: [email protected]

New ZealandLandmore Agri Ltd.4 Ranfurly StreetOtorohanga3900Tel: +64 7 8738900Fax: +64 7 8738905E-mail: [email protected]




Mike McNaught86a Hastings RoadMairangi Bay 0630North Shore City, AucklandTel: +64 21893333E-mail: [email protected]

Sonoma Enterprises50 Hakanoa StreetGrey Lynn AucklandTel: +64 9 3611060Fax: +64 9 3611061E-mail: [email protected]

Steve Cadwallader43 McCallum DriveRD2 Sandspit, WarkworthTel: +64 9 4223476Fax: +64 9 4223475E-mail: [email protected]

PakistanEastern Veterinary ServicesOffice 7, 2nd FloorAllied Commercial PlazaChandi ChowkMurree Rd, RawalpindiTel: +92 51 4421771Fax: +92 51 4421776E-mail: [email protected]

PhilippinesAsia Giant EnterprisesUnit 403 Goldhill TowerNo.5 Annapolis St., GreenhillsSan Juan 1500 Metro ManilaTel: +63 2 7236347Fax: +63 2 7253942E-mail: [email protected]

Belmont AgricorpLegaspi Tower 100148 Legaspi StreetLegaspi Village, Makati CityTel: +63 2 8159861Fax: +63 2 8127905Web: www.belmontagri.comE-mail: [email protected]

First Citylink Enterprises299 Tandang Sora AvenueKalaw Hills, Quezon City, 1116Tel: +63 2 5917046/9319477Fax: +63 2 9319477E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]

Jemcy Enterprises609 Brgy. San Miguel Sto.Tomas Batangas4234Tel: +63 917 5040095/916 6066757Fax: +63 43 7782290/3182490E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]

P & J Agricultural Trading184, St. Antonio Ave.Pasig City, Metro, ManilaTel: +63 2 6400053E-mail: [email protected]

SingaporeMorgan EnterpriseBedok Centre, Singapore914614Tel: +65 93832534E-mail:[email protected]

Sri LankaJK Tradelink Pvt. Ltd.No. 44 Thalawathugoda RoadPitakotte, ColomboTel: +94 1 12878243Fax: +94 1 12774280E-mail: [email protected]

TaiwanBartholomew Lo, Siu-Man#50, Floor 8-1, Chung Ching 1 StreetJen-Te Shiang - 717Tainan HsienTel: +886 939375876Fax: +886 6 2709332E-mail: [email protected]

Ennchih Co. Ltd.No. 310 Chung Shan S. RdTaoyuan HsienTel: +886 347 58168Fax: +886 347 53803E-mail: [email protected]

Global Ace Trading Co.11-F-1, No. 239I Hsin, 1st Rd, KaohsiungTel: +886 7 3335481Fax: +886 7 3314190E-mail: [email protected]

Nedtex Co.5th Floor, Tung ShengTaipeiTel: +886 2 27352233Fax: +886 2 27328834E-mail: [email protected]

ThailandBD Agriculture (Thailand) Ltd.Block F7 & F841/76 - 77 Moo 6 BangnaTrad Rd. Km 16.5Bangchalong10540 BangpleeSamutprakarn10540Tel: +66 2 3496531Fax: +66 2 3496535Web: www.bigdutchman.co.thE-mail: [email protected]

Kasethpand Industry-KSP Equipment Co. Ltd.100 Mu 3 Soi Suksawad 76Suksawad RoadBangjak PrapadangSamutprakam10130Tel: +66 2 8176410Fax: +66 2 8176439Web: www.kpithailand.comE-mail: [email protected]

VietnamDong A Material-Veterinary JSC62, Ho Tung Mau, CaudienTuliem HanoiTel: +84 437632583Fax: +84 437632602Web: www.lubing.comE-mail: [email protected]

P & N Agro Business Co. Ltd. 220/158/26A Le Van Sy St.Ward 14, District 3Ho Chi Minh CityTel: +84 8 38465765Fax: +84 8 39350687E-mail: [email protected]

THE GLOBAL LAUNCH of a new brine system offers an all-naturalsolution for the replacement of phosphates in poultry applications.Developed through a collaboration between three companies—Marigot, AllinAll Ingredients and Naturis— the product delivers aspecific functionality in the components of the system that is notcurrently available elsewhere. Referred to as ‘All Natural Brine System,’ the new product consists ofa blend of natural ingredients formulated to improve yields andenhance taste in poultry meats. These benefits are achieved throughincreased mineral and binding activity, compared to syntheticalternatives such as sodium phosphate, as well as reduced cook loss.“Phosphate reduction is a growing issue for meat producers underpressure from retailers and consumers for more natural products -particularly in the markets we are targeting,” comments Daniel Hickey,MD AllinAll Ingredients; “As an e-number free product, the All NaturalBrine System offers the sought-after clean label declaration, as well asthe important functional benefits traditionally delivered by phosphates.”The three companies offer complementary expertise as David O'Leary,commercial manager for Marigot, said, "The collaboration bringstogether our formulation knowledge with the market insights and meatsector expertise of our partners."By combining our multi-mineral Aquamin ingredient with the naturalcomponents supplied by AllinAll Ingredients and Naturis, we are able to

optimise activity within the brine system; providing poultry processorswith an added value, high-performance, all-natural phosphatereplacer.""This is a positive development and one which will support poultryprocessors looking to capitalise on global demand for clean labelling,"added Frantz Smet, MD for Naturis.All Natural Brine System will be marketed by AllinAll Ingredients as partof its functional ingredients portfolio for the international meat market.

New all-natural brine system targets poultry

All Natural Brine System consists of a blendof natural ingredients formulated to improveyields and enhance taste in poultry meats


Equipment


FOR THE 2012 tillage season, John Deereoffers three new 2600 Series Disks and onenew vertical tillage tool designed to provideeverything from more muscle for penetrating,chopping and mixing soil and crop residue ina single pass to creating a uniform seedbed.The beefier new 2600 Series tillage lineupincludes the 2625 Disk, 2623 Disk, 2620 Diskand 2623VT (Vertical Tillage).

According to Patrick Sikora, marketingmanager at John Deere Des Moines Works,the 2600 Series Disks and 2623VT givecustomers more high performance, heavy-duty options when it comes to selecting theright tillage tools for their farming operations.

“Tillage preferences vary from farm to farmdepending on a number of factors such ascropping programs, field topography, soilconditions and residue requirements. The new2600 Series allows customers to match theright tillage tool – from a one-pass primarytillage disk to a seedbed finisher – while givingthem plenty of versatility and years of durableperformance,” Sikora says.

In addition, Sikora says that John Deerehas built the 2600 Series Disks to eventougher industry standards, with a full 2-inchdiameter gang bolt, increased weight permachine by 60 per cent, and sealedmaintenance-free bearings.

The tillage workhorse in the 2600 Serieslineup is the 2625 Disk. Designed to be aheavyweight primary tillage tool, the 2625sizes and buries heavy corn and other cropresidue, resulting in 30 per cent or lessresidue cover on fields. The 2623 Disk isengineered for its dual flexibility as either aprimary or secondary tillage tool. It features24- and 26-inch disk blades set on 9-inchspacing, C-spring standards with weights perblade ranging from 201 to 243 lbs. dependingon the selected blade size and width model. Itprovides a working tillage depth of up to 6inches, making it ideal for use in post-harvestresidue chopping or preparing springseedbeds for planting.

For customers looking for the ideal disk fortilling lighter soils and creating the idealseedbed for planting, the 2620 Disk isdesigned to loosen the top 3 to 5 inches ofsoil. It features 22- or 24-inch blades on 7.25-or 9-inch spacings with weight per blade of179 to 209 lbs. (base blade and spacing),which allows it to be customized to aproducer’s soil type and planting practices.

For producers looking to size residue, mixresidue and soil, and create a level soil profile,the new John Deere 2623VT offers the latestin technology and toughness with its uniqueangled gang and blade configuration.

John Deere 2623VT

John Deere introduces four new tillage solutions

MASSEY FERGUSON’S LATEST MF 900 Series front-end loaderscombine robust construction and simple operation with theadvanced new Loader Control System (LCS). This new generation oftractor loaders builds on the success of previous models’ reputationfor performance and ease of use.

The wide range provides plenty of choice – including sixstandard models and 13 with parallel levelling linkages. This meansthere is a model to suit every user and conceivable application fromlivestock and mixed farmers, vegetable and arable growers throughto all municipal, amenity, groundscare and sportsground operators.

Built to the highest standard, they are designed in close co-operation with Massey Ferguson engineers to ensure the loadersare ideally matched for work with the full range of MasseyFerguson tractors.

The new MF 900 Series offers high lift capacities and heightsand employs new hydraulic valves designed specifically for use withfront-end loaders and a novel flat-face coupler, which connectsunder pressure and is leak free. Three new joysticks – Ergo, Easyand ElectroDrive – offer superb levels of control and automation.

The new generation MF 900 Series loaders are operated by aunique hydraulic control valve that is available for both load-sensingand open-centred tractor systems. It is the only valve in the industrydedicated for use with tractor loaders and uses a regenerativesystem that provides total control when handling heavy loads. Thisis because the oil flow is independent of the load so the lower andraise speeds are virtually the same, whether the loader implement is

full or empty.This novel system provides operators with a much better ‘feel’

during operation, which is optimised to provide precise proportionalcontrol – with the system reacting exactly to the how fast and far theoperator moves the joystick. This provides much better control whenoperating two functions, for example when simultaneously loweringand crowding.

Another unique feature introduced on the new generation MF900 Series is the MultiCoupler MC4, which connects all thehydraulic hoses, under pressure, as well as the electric cables inone movement of a single handle.

MF 900 Series LCS loaders launched

MF 900 Seriesfront-end loaders

S09 FEAG 1 2012 Equipment_Layout 1 27/01/2012 10:19


Equipment

CLAAS IS SIGNIFICANTLY increasing its activity on the Chinese agricultural machinerymarket. After the German manufacturer of agricultural equipment achieved a considerableboost in worldwide sales in 2011, a new subsidiary for sales and service will come intooperation in Beijing at the start of 2012. Until now, CLAAS has been active in China with itsown representative, supplying the huge market through local sale s organisations.

The headquarters of the new Chinese CLAAS company will be located in the businessdistrict of Chao Yang in the capital Beijing – in the direct vicinity of the foreign embassies. Inparallel to this, a branch is currently under construction as the central spare part store, as wellas for training and service, outside Beijing.

CLAAS has now for a long time been investing in the modernisation of Chineseagriculture. The German provider of agricultural technology specialises in particular in thearea of forage harvesting. CLAAS is thus the undisputed market leader for self-propelledforage harvesters for green forage, which also function as producers of biomass – especiallyin Europe and the USA.

For a long time, CLAAS has also been very successful as a partner in a German-Chinesejoint project, a sample and demonstration farm in the north of China. The green machinesmade in Germany (tractors, forage harvesters and combine harvesters) are considered to bestate-of-the-art agricultural technology, and are much more efficient than locally producedagricultural machinery.

CLAAS Sales Manager Jan-Hendrik Mohr explains the huge step on the Chinese marketwith the growing importance of agricultural technology in the country. "It can only be possibleto ensure the supply of sufficient food for a growing population by means of the latesttechnology. Furthermore, for a long time we have observed an increasing migration of peoplefrom the countryside to the big cities. The lack of an adequate human workforce in agriculturemust thus be compensated for by machinery."

LINDSAY CORPORATION, MAKER of Zimmatic by

Lindsay irrigation systems, has introduced

FieldNET PRO with GPS – a Web-based

irrigation controller designed for existing

electrically-driven pivots with programmable or

mechanical panels.

FieldNET PRO combines GPS positioning and

wireless communication to enhance the

efficiency and effectiveness of existing center

pivots. Growers who install FieldNET PRO with

GPS gain remote monitoring and control, even on

mechanical panels, according to the company.

“By retrofitting an existing pivot with

FieldNET PRO with GPS, a grower will be able to

manage it using the FieldNET Wireless Irrigation

Network,” says Reece Andrews, New Technology

Product Manager at Lindsay. “Control over

FieldNET is easy, and the added convenience

and efficiency can result in significant savings

on water, labor and energy.”

Additional product features include water

rate adjustments, end-gun control and

shutdown alerts, as well as smartphone access

with FieldNET Mobile.

PRODUCTION MONITORING AND controlhave taken on a whole new look, with thelaunch of the new Marel M6215 food industryworkstation.“Designed for use on all Marel equipment, thishighly economic, cost-effective and extremelyrobust touch screen display/indicator hasbeen developed for use in a whole range ofapplications, including reporting, qualitychecks, data collection and productioncontrol. Constructed from FDA-approvedmaterials and encased in a water-resistantstainless steel housing, the M6215 isspecifically designed for use in the harshconditions of the production plant floor,” acompany official said.

Built on Windows 7-compatiblearchitecture and operated via aspacious user-friendly touchscreen, it provides the operatorwith direct access from the plantfloor to Innova or other productionmanagement systems.

The M6215 comes availablewith an optional MU1 internalW&M-approved weighing modulethat connects directly to all Marel platforms,in some cases eliminating the need for M1100or M2200 terminals and making packing andQC stations smaller and compact.

NEW HOLLAND PREVIEWED its T5.115, part of the completed reinvented T5 range oftractors for the livestock and mixed farming segments, at the recently-held Agritechnicaevent in Germany. The T5.95, T5.105 and the T5.115 offer increased engine powers of between 99 - 114hp. Thenew T5 models will be making their debut this summer.Pierre Lahutte, Head of Tractor Product Management said, “The new T5 is set to become thedefault choice for mid-sized livestock and mixed farmers with an eye on the future. Today’s

T5 is the distillation of an extensivecustomer consultation, and offersoutstanding visibility, ergonomiccontrols, an ultra-comfortable cab andsegment leading performance.” “New Holland knows that operatorcomfort is a prerequisite for optimum

productivity, especially during longand demanding days. The newVisionView cab has been

designed around theoperator using advancedvirtual reality techniquesto offer unparalleledergonomic excellence. Allcontrols fall perfectly tohand for operators of all

shapes and sizes. Theprincipal controls, including

the electronic draft control(EDC) mouse, PTO speed selection and

hydraulic remote levers, amongst others, have been placed to theright of the operator in an ergonomic ‘Command Arc’ to reduce

fatigue and increase precision,” Lahutte said.

CLAAS creates own subsidiary in China

New Holland unveils new powerful livestock tractors Advanced workstationfor food industry

Web-based irrigationcontroller launched

New Holland T5.115


Classified

FAR EASTERN AGRICULTURE Issue One 2012

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THE VAST POTENTIAL of grasslands tosupport sustainable livelihoods whiletrapping atmospheric carbon and helping

slow down global warming is one step closerto being realized thanks to a new methodologydeveloped by FAO in collaboration with theChinese Academy of Agricultural Science, theChinese Academy of Sciences and the WorldAgroforestry Centre.

Large swathes of the world's grasslands aremoderately to severely degraded — restoringthem to a healthy state could removegigatonnes of carbon from the atmosphere andimprove resilience to climate change.

So far, however, carbon crediting schemesthat pay projects for reducing greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions and sequestering carbonhave largely ignored agriculture, includinggrazing-based livlihood systems.

One key challenge has been finding reliableand affordable ways to measure how muchcarbon is being trapped in agriculturalmitigation projects. FAO's new Methodology forSustainable Grassland Management could helpovercome this obstacle.

"We think we have cracked the problemand come up with a reliable way for herderswho are investing in restoring grasslands toprove they are sequestering measurableamounts of carbon, and fund their activities byaccessing mitigation finance," said PierreGerber, an FAO livestock policy specialist whoworks on the project.

Measurement is the challengeThe breakthrough of FAO's new methodology isthat it provides an affordable way to reliablyestimate the amount of GHG emissionsremoved from the atmosphere through

improved management of grasslands."Our approach allows not only for direct

measurement of carbon sequestration throughsoil sampling but also computer modelling ofsequestration based on soil types and activitiesundertaken," explained Leslie Lipper, an FAOeconomist involved in the project. "Being ableto demonstrate reliable monitoring is a must forprojects wishing to participate in carbonmarkets, and modelling reduces monitoringcosts, making it possible for small-scaleherders and livestock raisers to participate."

The methodology is being applied to a pilotproject in Qinghai Province, China, which willeventually be able to deliver significant carbonoffsets for a period of 10 years. After thatpoint, the restored grasslands will have storedas much carbon as it is possible for them todo, and incomes from carbon t rading will winddown. But the lands involved will have beenbrought back to full productivity and livestocksystems will have shifted to a sustainablemodel capable of sustaining the livelihoods ofherders for generations to come.

The Qinghai project started in 2008, whenFAO, the World Agroforestry Centre, theChinese Academy of Sciences and theProvincial Government began working withherders to jointly design improved grazing andland management practices which can restoresoil health, improve milk and meat productionand generate ecosystem services such asreducing run-off and flash floods andconserving biodiversity.

The end game, though, was to develop acost-effective means of estimating and creditingthe extent to which such practices result inGHG reductions via carbon sequestration insoils and reduced methane generation by

animals, so herders can earn money fromselling carbon offset credits on emissiontrading markets. This added income is key tohelping overcoming the barriers herders face inrestoring ecosystems — such as short-termreductions in livestock revenues.

Returns are invested in further restoring thelong-term health of the lands upon which theydepend and building up marketingassociations to improve their profits fromtraditional animal raising.

"The project in China is just an example ofwhat this methodology can do. It can readilybe used in other places, and scaled up toachieve similar results in most degradedgrasslands," said Gerber.

Mitigation financeFAO has just submitted its methodology forapproval by the non-profit Verified CarbonStandard (VSC) a greenhouse gas accountingprogramme used by projects around the worldto verify and issue carbon credits in emissionsmarkets.

Once approved, any grassland project usingthe methodology will be eligible for the creationand trade of carbon credits in voluntary carbonmarkets throughout the world.

"And just as significantly, this methodologynow gives countries a clear-cut option forincluding sustainable grassland management intheir Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions(NAMAs) to reduce GHG emissions, which theyare developing in line with national climatestrategies and in light of the UNFCCC CancunAgreements of last December," added Lipper. "Sofar, there have been few options for doing so." nn

Source: FAO

Moreover


Carbon crediting for restoringdegraded grasslands

FAO helps herders earnmoney for the carbon theysequester when rehabilitatingdamaged ecosystems


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Far Eastern Agriculture issue 1 2012

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