Family Life Cycle --As applied to Family Practice.
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Transcript of Family Life Cycle --As applied to Family Practice.
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Family Life CycleFamily Life Cycle
--As applied to Family Practice
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Family Life Cycle (FLC): bring-clinic/hospital messages
What is the concept about? What is the relevance & application? What are the useful tools to leverage the
idea of FLC?
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Background
Family physicians see as many as 50-75% of patients having psychosocial precipitant (c.f. biomedical) as their main cause of visit
(Rakel R.E. Principles of Family Medicine
Chapter 9 The Family Life Cycle)
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Areas of possible psychosocial problems
Work: Type, workload, work environment, goals, work satisfaction
Family: (1). Present family (change of structure & function);(2). Extended family: parents & relatives(3). Growing environment: Family tree
Sex
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Family structure
(1). Nuclear family: the couple & family
(2). Extended family: couple’s parents & other relatives
(3). Alternate family: Single parent family, adopted family, same sex family
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Case Scenario
Frank, 15 y.o IDDM
Problem-free since IDDM Dx 4 yrs ago
Recently freq. Admission:– Not eating properly, not taking insulin well– Not monitoring H’stix, started smoking– Upset about his parents setting up many rules
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Frank’s parents are very anxious…
You’re Frank’s family doctor, what is the problem with Frank’s compliance?
How can you help?
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Apply FLC in the context of Adolescent Development
Changing goals in life:
– Popularity among peers– Building up of self-confidence– Fear of being rejected– Struggling for independence & respect– Social experimentation
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The lesson…
Understanding the goals/tasks in different
stages help the family doctor to address
these issues
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2 Fundamental concepts in FLC
(1). Family: Structure & function as dynamic inter-personal relationships
Change in one affects whole system
(2). Each stage of FLC has major events requiring adjustment:
( stressful if fail Family Dysfunction)
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Stages in FLC
Courtship Marriage (Family Formation) Child bearing (1st to multiple) Child rearing Child Launching (1st to last leaving) Empty nest Retirement Death
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Features of FLC
Change over time A beginning & an end Developmental process with sequential sta
ges Each stage has specific task Normal transitional stress Anticipatory counselling
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Role of each family member
Father: bread-winner; organizer; husband
Mother: Home-maker; mother; wife
Child: leaner; social role, etc.
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Case Scenario 2
18 y.o Catherine soon leaving her family in HK to study Me
dicine Become “independent” Visit her family doctor for her school body
check-up
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What are the developmental tasks catherine has to
complete?
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The Unattached Young Adult
(1). Accept separation from her parents (2). Establish personal independence (3). Develop own behaviours, values, judg
ement, attitudes, skills (4). Develop intimate & love relationship (5). Career development
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Relevance of FLC to Primary Practice (1)
Sudden change in role (external) or
failure to cope with stress in changing (internal)
family dysfunction
problems surfaced as symptoms
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Relevance (2)
BUT it is difficult to discover the real origin of these symptoms…
Hence the need to recognize
(1). Normal function of family
(2). Criteria for adequate functioning
(3). Symptoms suggesting dysfunction
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Normal Functions of the Family
SCREEM
S---Socialization C---Cultural R---Reproductive E---Economic E---Emotional M---Medical
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Criteria for adequate functioning
APGAR
(Useful for quick assessment of family) A---Adaptation P---Partnership G---Growth A---Affection R---Resolve
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Symptoms suggesting family dysfunctioning…
Can be physical/emotional/mixed:
(1). Chronic anxiety & depression
(2). Chronic pain
(3). Primary complaint of chronic fatigue
(4). Insomnia
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Symptoms suggesting Family Dysfunction (Cont’d)
(5). Multiple pediatric complaints despite repeated child-carer education
(6). Repeated visits by members of the same family for minor, vague symptoms
(7). Substance abuse
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Case Scenario 3
Chi-Wai, a 28 y.o married man
His wife is pregnant
Finding difficulty in sleep & concentrating in his work
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The concerns of Father-to-be…
Increasing responsibility Obstetric problems Uncertain Paternity Financial concern Social concern Loss of spouse & child Being replaced by newborn
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Family Genogram as a tool
A tool to record the family history A picture > 1000 words A matter of fact way of sensitive data collection Set the scene that doctor is interested in patient’s
family A 3-generation genogram may unravel repeating
family patterns Useful in Dx & Mx of patients
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2 important points to note in family Genogram
(1) Life cycle Fit / mis-fit? (E.g. age not catching up class)
(2). Unusual family configurations? (E.g re-marriage)
(3). Pattern repetition across generations (E.g. Alcoholism; poor relationship)
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Application
“Housewife Syndrome”—
Full-time housewife with young children stress
Occasional low self-esteem Enmeshment
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Application
Find ways to improve self-esteem (e.g development of interest) & self-assertiveness
Encouragement of relaxation, meaningful use of time etc.
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Case Scenario 4
Mr. KB, 67 yr old retired , living alone His children married & emigrated HT + DM Dx 20 yrs ago Recently Dx OA knees C/o: headache, dizziness, poorly controlled
HT Claimed life difficult + suicidal idea
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Family in Later Life…
(1). Dealing with illnesses & death (2). Accepting the loss of family & loved ones (3). Accepting the lessened abilities & greater
dependence (4). Financial problem (5). Higher incidence of suicide & depression (6). Increasing doctor-seeking behaviour
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Bring-OPD message
(1). If Vague/non-specific symptoms prevail, think FAMILY as the culprit
(2). Anticipate problems from family genograms patient doubly grateful