Fall 2015

PSYCHOLOGY OF POLITICAL BEHAVIOR 790-586Mondays, 3:00 - 5:40, Hickman 313

Professor: Richard R. LauPhone: (848) 932-6685Email: RickLau@rci.Rutgers.eduOffice Hours: Tues, 2 - 4, 505 Hickman Hall; and by appointment.

To the extent that political scientists study individual political beliefs and behavior, theyrely heavily on theories from psychology. Studies of international relations, political culture,public opinion and voting behavior, race, ethnicity and gender, etc., all rely to a greater or lesserextent on some psychological theory of individual behavior.

This course looks explicitly at the interface between psychology and politics, especiallypublic opinion and voting behavior (as American politics is the area of politic science I knowbest). We will occasionally all read applications of political psychology to other subfields,however, and I encourage each of you to explore some of the political psychology literature fromother subfields.

I have chosen seven broad topic areas in which interesting research is being conducted inpolitical psychology. For each of these seven areas, we will initially spend some class time -- inseveral cases an entire class period -- obtaining a general overview of psychological theory, andthen spend a class or two looking at the research applying those psychological theories topolitical science. Again, the political science research will generally be in the area of Americanpolitics, but the psychology theories we learn should be applicable to research in other areas ofpolitical science as well, including certainly all of the subfields in our department.

Requirements

The course assumes at least a passing acquaintance with research in American politics (asone would learn from the American politics proseminar), comparative politics, internationalrelations, and/or women and politics, as these are the substantive areas of political science whichhave most strongly utilized ideas and theories from psychology. Hence one or two of theseproseminars, while not quite a prerequisite, are strongly recommended. Alternately, solidbackground in another social science (particularly but not exclusively psychology) can substitutefor background in political science.

Any seminar only works if all students read and think about the material before coming toclass. This is the most important requirement of the class. We will take turns playing"discussion leader" for the different weeks. (See below). Whoever is in this role is responsible formaking sure we all integrate the readings for that week to each other, to relevant political scienceresearch not on the syllabus, and to the psychological theories we have previously examined. Asthe supposed "expert" in psychology, I will generally play this role for the weeks we are lookingat basic psychological theories (although if we have anybody from psychology in the class, theymay play that role one week). Generally, students will take turns playing discussion leader forthe political science applications.

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There are two writing assignments for this course. 1. First, each student will produce an annotated bibliography of optional articles or books

from the reading from one week in the course. I assume it will be from one of the"political science" weeks, but (particularly for students from psychology) it does not haveto be. Students will be the "designated discussion leader" the same week they producetheir annotated bibliography. This bibliography should be copied and distributed toeveryone in the class. The idea is to extend our collective exposure to the literature alittle more. If you are looking at a number of articles, each annotation should be brief(about one paragraph, certainly no more than 200 words) and focus on either how thisarticle expands upon or differs from the required reading for this week. We don’t need athorough description of the research itself. On the other hand, if you are presenting aparticular book to the rest of us, a more extension discussion of the methods and findingswould be appropriate. Please talk to me before you do this extra reading, as I willprobably have suggestions about what additional books or articles to look at.

2. Second, each student will write a research paper on some topic relevant to politicalpsychology. This paper will review and critique the research in a particular area, withspecial attention paid to how faithfully the political science literature "maps onto" thepsychological theory underlying it, and how directly it addresses issues of concern topolitical science. The paper will therefore discuss shortcomings of the current literature,and present either (a) a specific proposal for research on some aspect of politicalpsychology; or (b) better yet, actually conduct empirical research as part of their paper. All students will give a brief presentation of their paper on the last day of class.

Grading: Class Participation, 50%;Annotated Bibliography of PS literature & Discussion thereof 10%Research Paper and Class Presentation 40%

Required Reading

The following books are on sale at the University and Cook-Douglass bookstores:

Hall, Calvin S. 1954/1999. A Primer of Freudian Psychology. New York: Penguin. AMeridian Book.

Hastie, Reid, and Robyn M. Dawes. 2009. Rational Choice in an Uncertain World, SecondEdition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Huddy, Leonie, David O. Sears, and Jack S. Levy (Eds.). 2013. Oxford Handbook of Political

Psychology, Second Edition. New York: Oxford University Press.

Lau, Richard R., and David P. Redlawsk. 2006. How Voters Decide: Information ProcessingDuring Election Campaigns. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Mondak, Jeffrey J. 2010. Personality and the Foundations of Political Behavior. New York:Cambridge University Press.

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COURSE OUTLINE AND READING ASSIGNMENTS

Date Topic

Tues, Sept. 8 CLASS INTRODUCTION

I. PERSONALITY AND POLITICS: Freud and Contemporary Personality Theory

Reading: Huddy, Leonie, David O. Sears, and Jack S. Levy. 2013. “Introduction: TheoreticalFoundations of Political psychology.” Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology, Ch. 1.

Hall, Calvin S. 1954/1999. A Primer of Freudian Psychology. New York:Penguin. A Meridian Book. (Skim)

Mondak, Jeffrey J. 2010. Personality and the Foundations of Political Behavior. New York: Cambridge University Press, Chapters 1 & 2.

Optional:

Baumeister, Roy F., Ellen Bratslavsky, Mark Muraven, and Dianne M. Tice. 1998. “EgoDepletion: Is the Active Self a Limited Resource?” Journal of Personality and SocialPsychology, 74(May): 1252-1265.

Bem, D.J., and Allen, A. 1974. On Predicting Some of the People Some of the Time: the Searchfor Cross-situational Consistencies in Behavior. Psychological Review, 81, 506-520.

Bem, D.J., and Funder, D.C. 1978. Predicting More of the People More of the Time: Assessingthe Personality of Situations. Psychological Review, 85, 485-501.

Buss, A.H. 1989. Personality as Traits. American Psychologist, 44, 1378-1388.

Costa, P.T., Jr., and R. R. McCrae. 1988. “Personality in Adulthood: A Six-Year LongitudinalStudy of Self-Reports and Spouse Ratings on the NEO Personality Inventory.” Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology, 54(): 853 - 863.

Davis, P.J. 1987. Repression and the inaccessibility of affective memories. Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology, 53, 585-594.

Digman, John M. 1997. “Higher-Order Factors of the Big Five.” Journal of Personality andSocial Psychology, 73(December): 1246-1256.

Epstein, S. 1979. The stability of behavior: I. On predicting most of the people much of thetime. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1097-1126.

Epstein, S. 1980. The stability of behavior: II. American Psychologist, 35, 790-806.

Fiske, S.T., and Taylor, S.E. 1991. Social Cognition (2nd. edition). New York: McGraw-Hill. (see especially chapter 6)

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*Fleeson, William. 2004. “Moving Personality Beyond the Person-Situation Debate.” CurrentDirections in Psychological Science, 13(April): 83 - 87.

Funder, David C., and Lisa A. Fast. 2010. “Personality in Social Psychology.” In Susan T. Fiske,Daniel T. Gilbert, and Gardner Lindzey (eds) Handbook of Social Psychology (5th edition,Volume 1, Chapter 18, pp 668 - 697). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Grice, James W.; Jackson, Bobby J.; McDaniel, Brenda L. 2006. “Bridging the Ideographic-Nomothetic Divide: A Follow-Up Study.” Journal of Personality, 74(August):1191-1218.

John, O.P., Hampson, S.E. and Goldberg, L.R. 1991. The basic level in personality-traithierarchies: Studies of trait use and accessibility in different context. Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology, 60, 348-361.

Kenrick, D.T., and Funder, D.C. 1988. Profiting from controversy: Lessons from theperson-situation debate. American Psychologist, 43, 23-35.

Kenrick, D.T., and Stringfield, D.O. 1980. Personality traits and the eye of the beholder: Crossing some traditional philosophical boundaries in the search for consistency in all ofthe people. Psychological Review, 87, 88-104.

Kline, P. 1987. The experimental study of the psychoanalytic unconscious. Personality andSocial Psychology Bulletin, 13, 363-379.

Kozhevnikov, M. 2007. “Cognitive Styles in the Context of Modern Psychology: Toward anIntegrated Framework of Cognitive Style.” Psychological Bulletin, 133(3): 464 - 481.

Maddi, S.R. 1997. Personality Theories: A Comparative Analysis. Homewood, Il: Dorsey. [An excellent review of a variety of personality theories.]

McAdams, Dan P., and Jennifer L. Pals. 2006. “A New Big Five: Fundamental Principles foran Integrative Science of Personality.” American Psychologist, 61(April): 204 - 217.

McClure, M. Joy; Jennifer A. Bartz, and John E. Lydon. 2013. “ Uncovering and OvercomingAmbivalence: The Role of Chronic and Contextually Activated Attachment inTwo-Person Social Dilemmas.” Journal of Personality, 81(February): 103 - 117.

McCrae, R.B., and Costa, P.T., Jr. 1997. “Personality Trait Structure as a Human Universal.” American Psychologist, 52, 509-516.

Mischel, W. 1968. Personality and Assessment. New York: Wiley. [This is the classic, almostparadigm-shifting book that dramatically changed the modern study of personality.]

Mischel, W. 1979. On the interface of cognition and personality: Beyond the person-situationdebate. American Psychologist, 34, 740-754.

Mischel, W. 1984. Convergences and challenges in the search for consistency. AmericanPsychologist, 39, 351-364.

Mischel, W., and Plaki, P.K. 1982. Beyond deja vu in the search for cross-situationalconsistency. Psychological Review, 89, 730-755.

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Mischel, Walter, and Yuichi Shoda. 1995. “A Cognitive-Affective System Theory ofPersonality: Reconceptualizing Situations, Dispositions, Dynamics, and Invariance inPersonality Structure.” Psychological Review, 102(2): 246 - 268.

Monson, T.C., Hesley, J.W., and Chernick, L. 1982. Specifying when personality traits can andcannot predict behavior: An alternative to abandoning the attempt to predict single-actcriteria. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 385-399.

Newman, Leonard S., Kimberley J. Duff, and Roy F. Baumeister. 1997. “A New Look atDefensive Projection: Thought Suppression, Accessibility, and Biased PersonPerception.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(May): 980-1001.

Parisi, T. 1987. Why Freud failed: Some implications for neurophysiology and sociobiology. American Psychologist, 42, 235-245.

Paunonen, Sampo V., and Michael C. Ashton. 2001. “Big Five Factors and Facets and thePrediction of Behavior.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(September):524 - 539.

Pervin, L., Editor. 1990. Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research. New York: Guildord.

Roberts, Brent W., Avshalom Caspi, and Terrie E. Moffitt. 2001. “The Kids Are Alright: Growthand Stability in Personality Development from Adolescence to Adulthood.” Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology, 81(October): 670 - 683.

Ross, Lee, and Richard E. Nisbett. 1991. The Person and the Situation: Perspectives fromSocial Psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill (see particularly chapters 4 and 5).

Snyder, Mark, and Nancy Cantor. 1998. “Understanding Personality and Social Behavior: AFunctionalist Strategy.” In Daniel Gilbert, Susan T. Fiske, and Gardner Lindzey, eds., TheHandbook of Social Psychology (Volume One, 4th Edition, pp. 635-679). Boston:McGraw Hill.

Vansteelandt, Kristof, and Iven Van Mechelen. 1998. “Individual Differences in Situation-Behavior Profiles: A Triple Typology Model.” Journal of Personality and SocialPsychology, 75(September): 751-765.

Wiggins, J. S. (Ed.). 1996. The Five-factor Model of Personality. New York: Guildord.

Williams, John E., Marci L. Munick, Jose L., Saiz, and Deborah L. Formy Duval. 1995."Psychological Importance of the 'Big Five': Impression Formation and Context Effects." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21(August): 818-827.

Zuckerman, M., Koestner, R., DeBoy, T., Garcia, T., Maresca, B.C., and Sartoris, J.M. 1988. Topredict some of the people some of the time: A reexamination of the moderator variableapproach in personality theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54,1006-1020.

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Date Topic

Sept. 14 Personality and the Politics of Ordinary Citizens

Reading: Sullivan, John L., George E. Marcus, Stanley Feldman, and J.E. Piereson. 1981.“The Sources of Political Tolerance: A Multivariate Analysis.” AmericanPolitical Science Review, 75(March): 92-106.

Feldman, Stanley. 2003. “Enforcing Social Conformity: A Theory ofAuthoritarianism.” Political Psychology, 24(March): 41-74.

Mondak, Jeffrey J. 2010. Personality and the Foundations of Political Behavior. New York: Cambridge University Press, chapters 3 - 7.

Optional:

Adorno, T, Frenkel-Brunswick, E., Levinson, D., and Sanford, N. 1950. The AuthoritarianPersonality. New York: Harper.

Barker, David C., Jon Hurwitz, and Traci L. Nelson. 2008. “Of Crusades and Culture Wars:‘Messianic’ Militarism and Political Conflict in the United States.” Journal of Politics,70(April): 307 - 322.

Baumeister, Roy F. 1999. “The Intrinsic Appeal of Evil: Sadism, Sensational Thrills, andThreatened Egotism. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3(3): 210-221.

Bizer, George Y., Jon A. Krosnick, Allyson L. Holbrook, S. Christian Wheeler, Derek D.Rucker, and Richard E. Petty. 2004. “The Impact of Personality on Cognitive,Behavioral, and Affective Political Processes: The Effects of Need to Evaluate.” Journalof Personality, 72(October): 995-1028.

Bloeser, Andrew J., Damarys Canache, Dona-Gene Mitchell, Jeffery J. Mondak, and Emily R.Poore. 2013. “The Temporal Consistency of Personality Effects: Evidence from theBritish Household Panel Survey.” Political Psychology, 36 (June): 331 - 340..

Brandstatter, Hermann, and Karl-Dieter Opp. 2014. “Personality Traits (“Big Five”) and thePropensity to Political Protest: Alternative Models.” Political Psychology 35(August): 515 - 538.

Brant, W.D., Larsen, K.S., and Langenberg, D. 1978. Authoritarian traits as predictors ofcandidate preference in the 1976 United States presidential election. PsychologicalReports, 43, 313-314.

Brewer, Paul R., Kimberly Gross, Sean Aday, and Lars Willnat. 2004. “International Trust andPublic Opinion About World Affairs.” American Journal of Political Science,48(January): 93-109.

Brewer, Paul R., and Marco Steenbergen. 2002. “All Against All: How Beliefs about HumanNature Shape Foreign Policy Opinions.” Political Psychology, 23(March): 39 - 58.

Campbell, B.A. 1981. On the Utility of Trait Theory in Political Science. Micropolitics, 1, 177-190.

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Caprara, Gian V., Claudio Barbaranelli, and Phillip G. Zimbardo. 1999. “Personality Profiles andPolitical Parties.” Political Psychology, 20(March).

Caprara, Gian V., Shalom Schwartz, Cristini Capanna, Michele Vecchione, and ClaudioBarbaranelli. 2006. “Personality and Politics: Values, Traits, and Political Choice.” Political Psychology, 27(February): 1 - 28.

Caprara, Gian, Barbaranelli, Claudio, Consiglio, C; Picconi, L; Zimbardo, Phillip G. 2002.“Personalities of Politicians and Voters: Unique and Synergistic Relationships.” Journalof Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4): 849-856.

Carney, Dana R., John T. Jost, Samuel D. Gosling, and Jeff Potter. 2008. “The Secret Lives ofLiberals and Conservatives: Personality Profiles, Interaction Styles, and the Things TheyLeave Behind.” Political Psychology, 29 (December): 807 - 840.

Chirumbolo, Antonio, Alessandra Areni, and Gilda Sensales. 2004. “Need for cognitive closureand politics: Voting, political attitudes and attributional style.” International Journal ofPsychology, 39(August): 245-253.

Clarke, J.W., and Donovan, M.M. 1980. Personal needs and political incentives: Someobservations on self-esteem. American Journal of Political Science, 24, 536-552.

Cornelis, Ilse; Van Hiel, Alain; Roets, Arne; Kossowska, Malgorzata. 2009. “Age Differencesin Conservatism: Evidence on the Mediating Effects of Personality and Cognitive Style.” Journal of Personality, 77(February): 51-88.

Doty, R.M., Peterson, B.E., and Winter, D.G. 1991. Threat and authoritarianism in the UnitedStates, 1978 - 1987. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 629-640.

Duckitt, John. 1989. “Authoritarianism and Group Identification: A New View of an OldConstruct.” Political Psychology, 10(1): 63-84.

Duckitt, John, Boris Bizumic, Stephen W. Krauss, and Edna Heled. 2010. “A TripartiteApproach to Right-Wing Authoritarianism: The Authoritarianism-Conservatism-Traditionalism Model.” Political Psychology, 31(October): 685 - 716.

Duncan, Lauren E., and Abigail J. Stewart. 2007. “Personal Political Salience: The Role ofPersonality in Collective Identity and Action.” Political Psychology, 28(April): 143 -164.

Elkins , David J., and Richard E. B. Simeon. 1979. “A Cause in Search of Its Effect, or WhatDoes Political Culture Explain?” Comparative Politics, 11(January): 127 - 145.

Federico, Christopher M., Emily L. Fisher, and Grace Deason. 2011. “Expertise and theIdeological Consequences of the Authoritarian Predisposition.” Public OpinionQuarterly, 75(Winter): 686 - 708.

Federico, Christopher M., and Michael R. Tagar. 2014. “Zeroing in on the Right: Education andthe Partisan Expression of Authoritarianism in the United States.” Political Behavior,36(September): 581 - 603.

Funke, Friedrich. 2005. The Dimensionality of Right-Wing Authoritarianism: Lessons for theDilemma between Theory and Measurement.” Political Psychology, 26(April): 195 - 218.

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Gallego, Alina, and Daniel Oberski. 2012. “Personality and Political Participation: TheMediation Hypothesis.” Political Behavior, 34 (September): 425 - 451.

Gerber, Alan S., Gregory A. Huber, David Doherty, Conor M. Dowling, and Shang E. Ha. 2010. “Personality and Political Attitudes: Relationships across Issue Domains andPolitical Contexts.” American Political Science Review, 104(February): 111 - 133.

Gerber, Alan S., Gregory A. Huber, David Doherty, Conor M. Dowling, Connor Raso, and ShangE. Ha. 2011. “Personality Traits and Participation in Political Processes.” Journal ofPolitics, 73(July): 692 - 706.

Gerber, Alan S., Gregory A. Huber, David Doherty, Conor M. Dowling, and CostasPanagopoulos. 2013. “Big Five Personality Traits and Responses to Persuasive Appeals: Results from Voter Turnout Experiments.” Political Behavior, 35(December): 687 -728.

Gerber, Alan S., Gregory A. Huber, David Doherty, and Conor M. Dowling. 2012. “Disagreement and the Avoidance of Political Discussion: Aggregate Relationships andDifferences across Personality Traits.” American Journal of Political Science,56(October): 849 - 874.

Gerson, Gal. 2004. “Object Relations Psychoanalysis as Political Theory.” Political Psychology,25(October): 769-794.

Green, Donald P., Jack Glaser, and Andrew Rich. 1998. “From Lynching to Gay Bashing: TheElusive Connection Between Economic Conditions and Hate Crime.” Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology, 75(July): 82-92.

Greenstein, Fred I. 1975. Personality and Politics: Problems of Evidence, Inference, andConceptualization. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. (particularly chs 1, 2, & 4).

Greenstein, Fred I. 1975. “Personality and Politics.” In F.I. Greenstein and N.W. Polsby (Eds.),Handbook of political science (Vol. 2, pp. 1-92). Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley.

Greenstein, Fred I., and Lerner, M., editors. 1971. A Source Book the Study of Personality andPolitics. Chicago: Markham.

Ha, Shang E. Seohko Kim, and Se Hee Jo. 2013. “Personality Traits and Political Participation: Evidence from South Korea” Political Psychology, 34(August): 511 - 532.

Hansen, D.J. 1989. Authoritarianism and candidate preference in the 1988 presidential election. Psychological Reports, 64, 914.

Henry, P.J. 2011. “The Role of Stigma in Understanding Ethnicity Differences inAuthoritarianism.” Political Psychology, 32(June): 419 - 438.

Hetherington, Marc J., and Elizabeth Suhay. 2011. “Authoritarianism, Threat, and Americans’Support for the War on Terror.” American Journal of Political Science, 55(July): 546 -560.

Hetherington, Marc, and Jonathan D. Weiler. 2008. Authoritarianism and Polarization inAmerican Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.

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Hibbing, Matthew V., Melinda Ritchie, and Mary R. Anderson. 2011. “Personality andPolitical Discussion.” Political Behavior, 33(December): 601 - 624.

Ingles, Alex. 1997. National Character: A Psycho-Social Perspective. New Brunswick, NJ:Transaction Publishers.

Johnston, Christopher D. 2013. “Dispositional Sources of Economic Protectionism.” PublicOpinion Quarterly, 77(Summer): 574 - 585.

Johnston, Christopher D., and Julie Wronski. 2015. “Personality Dispositions and PoliticalPreferences Across Hard and Easy Issues.” Political Psychology, 36 (February): 35-53.

Jost, John T., Jack Glaser, Arie W. Kruglanski, and Frank J. Sulloway. 2003. “PoliticalConservatism as Motivated Social Cognition.” Psychological Bulletin, 129(3): 339 - 375.

Jugert, Philip, and John Duckitt. 2009. “A Motivational Model of Authoritarianism: IntegratingPersonal and Situational Determinants.” Political Psychology, 30(October): 693 - 720.

Kalmoe, Nathan P. 2013. “From Fistfights to Firefights: Trait Aggression and Support for StateViolence.” Political Behavior, 35(June): 311 - 330.

Knudson, J.N. 1973. Personality in the study of politics. In J.N. Knudson (Ed.) Handbook ofpolitical psychology (pp. 28-56). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Kruglanski, Arie W., Xiaoyan Chen, Mark Dechesne, Shira Fishman, and Edward Orehek. 2009. “Fully Committed: Suicide Bombers’ Motivation and the Quest for PersonalSignificance.” Political Psychology, 30(February): 331 - 358.

Lasswell, Harold D. (1930/1977). Psychopathology and Politics. Chicago: University ofChicago Press.

Lavine, Howard, Milton Lodge, James Polichak, and Charles Taber. 2002. “Explicating theBlack Box Through Experimentation: Studies of Authoritarianism and Threat.” PoliticalAnalysis, 10(Autumn): 343 - 361.

Lavine, Howard, Milton Lodge, and Kate Freitas. 2005. “Threat, Authoritarianism, andSelective Exposure to Information.” Political Psychology, 26(April): 219 - 244.

Leitner, L.M. 1983. Construct similarity, self-meaningfulness, and presidential preference.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 890-894.

LeVine, R.A. 2001. “Culture and Personality Studies, 1918-1960: Myth and History.” Journal ofPersonality, 69(6): 803-818.

Lichter, S.R., and Rothman, S. 1982. The radical personality: Social psychological correlates ofnew left ideology. Political Behavior, 4, 207-236.

Martin, John Levi. 2001. “The Authoritarian Personality, 50 Years Later: What Lessons AreThere for Political Psychology?” Political Psychology, 22(March): 1 - 26.

McCann, S.J.H. 1990. Authoritarianism and preference for the presidential candidate perceivedto be higher on the power motive. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 70, 577-578.

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McClosky, Herbert. 1958. “Conservatism and Personality.” American Political Science Review,52, 27-45.

McClosky, Herbert, and Dennis Chong. 1985. “Similarities and Differences between Left-Wingand Right-Wing Radicals.” British Journal of Political Science, 15(3): 329 - 363.

McFarland, Sam. 2010. “Authoritarianism, Social Dominance, and Other Roots of GeneralizedPrejudice.” Political Psychology, 31(June): 453 - 478.

McFarland, Sam G., Ageyev, V.S., and Abalakinna-Paap, M.A. 1992. Authoritarianism in theformer Soviet Union. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 1004-1010.

Midlarsky, Elizabeth; Stephanie Fagin Jones, and Robin P. Corley. 2005. “PersonalityCorrelates of Heroic Rescue During the Holocaust.” Journal of Personality, 73(August): 907 - 934.

Mirels, Herbert L., and Janey B. Dean. 2006. “Right-Wing Authoritarianism, Attitude Salience,and Beliefs about Matters of Fact. Political Psychology, 27(December): 839 - 866.

Mockabee, Stephen T. 2007. “A Question of Authority: Religion and Cultural Conflict in the2004 Election.” Political Behavior, 29(June): 221 - 248.

Mondak, Jeffery, and Karen D. Halperin. 2008. “A Framework for the Study of Personality andPolitical Behavior.” British Journal of Political Science, 38(): 335 - 362.

Mondak, Jeffery J., Matthew V. Hibbing, Damarys Canache, Mitchell A. Seligson, and Mary R.Anderson. 2010. “Personality and Civic Engagement: An Integrative Framework for theStudy of Trait Effects on Political Behavior.” American Political Science Review,104(February): 85 - 110.

Oesterreich, Detlef. 2005. “Flight into Security: A New Approach and Measure of theAuthoritarian Personality.” Political Psychology, 26(April): 275 - 298.

Perez, Efren O, and Marc J. Hetherington. 2014. “Authoritarianism in Black and White: Testing the Cross-Racial Validity of the Child Rearing Scale.” Political Analysis,22(Summer): 398 - 412.

Osborne, Danny, and Chris G. Sibley. 2015. “Within the Limits of Civic Training: EducationModerates the Relationship Between Openness and Political Attitudes.” PoliticalPsychology, 36 (June): 295 – 313.

Perrin, Andrew J. 2005. “National Threat and Political Culture: Authoritarianism,Antiauthoritarianism, and the September 11 Attacks.” Political Psychology, 26(April): 167 - 194.

Peterson, Bill E., and Emily D. Gerstein. 2005. “Fighting and Flying: Archival Analysis ofThreat, Authoritarianism, and the North American Comic Book.” Political Psychology,26(December): 887 - 904.

Peterson, Bill E., Kimberly A. Smirles, and Phyllis A. Wentworth. 1997. “Generativity andAuthoritarianism: Implications for Personality, Political Involvement, and Parenting.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(May): 1202-1216.

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Rickert, Edward J. 1998. “Authoritarianism and Economic Threat: Implications for PoliticalBehavior.” Political Psychology, 19(December): 707-720.

Ridgeway, C. L. 2006. “Linking Social Structure and Interpersonal Behavior: A TheoreticalPerspective on Cultural Schemas and Social Relations.” Social Psychology Quarterly, 69(March): 5-16.

Sanford, N. 1973. Authoritarian personality in contemporary perspective. In J.N. Knudson (Ed.)Handbook of political psychology (pp. 139-170). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Schallerm, Mark, Carrie Boyd, Jonathan Yohannes, and Meredith O'Brien. 1995. "ThePrejudiced Personality Revisited: Personal Need for Structure and Formation ofErroneous Group Stereotypes." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,68(March): 544-555.

Schoen, Harald, and Siegfried Schumann. 2007. “Personality Traits, Partisan Attitudes, andVoting Behavior: Evidence from Germany.” Political Psychology, 28(August): 471 - 498.

Schoen, Harald, and Markus Steinbrecher. 2013. “Beyond Total Effects: Exploring the Interplayof Personality and Attitudes in Affecting Turnout in the 2009 German Federal Election.”Political Psychology, 34(August): 533 - 557.

Sibley, Chris G., Andrew Robertson, and Marc S. Wilson. 2006. “Social DominanceOrientation and Right-Wing Authoritarianism: Additive and Interactive Effects.” Political Psychology, 27(October): 755 - 768.

Smith, Allison G., and David G. Winter. 2002. “Right-Wing Authoritarianism, PartyIdentification, and Attitudes Toward Feminism in Student Evaluations of the Clinton-Lewinsky Story.” Political Psychology, 23(June): 355 - 384.

Smith, M. Brewster. 1997. "The Authoritarian Personality: A Re-Review 46 Years Later. Political Psychology, 18(March): 159-164.

Staub, Ervin. 1999. “The Roots of Evil: Social Conditions, Culture, Personality, and BasicHuman Needs.” Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3(3): 179-192.

Stenner, Karen. 2005. The Authoritarian Dynamic. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Thorisdottir, Hulda, and John T. Jost. 2011. “Motivated Closed-Mindedness Mediates the Effectof Threat on Political Conservatism.” Political Psychology, 32(October): 785 - 812.

Thorisdottir, Hulda, John T. Jost, Ido Liviatan, and Patrick E. Shrout. 2007. “PsychologicalNeeds and Values Underlying Left-Right Political Orientation: Cross-National Evidencefrom Eastern and Western Europe.” Public Opinion Quarterly, 71(Summer): 175 - 203.

Todosijevic, Bojan, and Zsolt Enyedi. 2008. “Authoritarianism without Dominant Ideology:Political Manifestations of Authoritarian Attitudes in Hungary.” Political Psychology, 29(October): 767 - 788.

Van Hiel, Alain, and Ivan Mervielde. 2003. “The Measurement of Cognitive Complexity and ItsRelationship with Political Extremism.” Political Psychology, 24(December): 781-802.

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Van Hiel, Alain, Bart Duriez, and Malgorzata Kossowska. 2006. “The Presence of Left-WingAuthoritarianism in Western Europe and Its Relationship with Conservative Ideology.” Political Psychology, 27(October): 769 - 793.

Weber, Christopher, and Christopher M. Federico. 2007. “Interpersonal Attachment andPatterns of Ideological Belief.” Political Psychology, 28(August): 389 - 416.

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Date Topic

Sept. 21 Psychobiography and the Study of Political Elites

Reading: Winter, David G. 2013. “Personality Profiles of Political Elites.” OxfordHandbook of Political Psychology, Ch. 14.

Post, Jerrold M. 2013. “Psychobiography: The Child is the Father of the Man.” Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology, Ch. 15.

Etheredge, Lloyd S. 1978. “Personality Effects on American Foreign Policy,1898-1968: A Test of Interpersonal Generalization Theory.” AmericanPolitical Science Review, 72(June): 434-451

Simonton, Dean K. 1988. “Presidential Style: Personality, Biography, andPerformance.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 928-936.

Keller, Jonathan W., and Dennis M. Foster. 2012. “Presidential Leadership Styleand the Political Use of Force.” Political Psychology, 33(October): 581 -598.

Optional:

Ascher, William, and Barbara Hirschfelder-Ascher. 2003. Revitalizing Political Psychology: The Legacy of Harold D. Lasswell. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Balz, John. 2010. “Ready to Lead on Day One: Predicting Presidential Greatness from PoliticalExperience.” PS: Political Science & Politics, 43(July): 487 - 492.

Barber, James D. 1992. The Presidential Character (4th edition). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. jjj

Brodie, F.M. 1974. Thomas Jefferson: An intimate history. New York: Norton.

Caprara, Gianvittorio, Donata Francescato, Minou Mebane, Roberta Sorace, and MicheleVecchione. 2010. “Personality Foundations of Ideological Divide: A Comparison ofWomen Members of Parliament and Women Voters in Italy. Political Psychology,31(October): 739 - 762.

Carpenter, R.H., and Jordan, W.J. 1978. Style in discourse as a predictor of political personalityfor Mr. Carter and Other Twentieth Century Presidents: Testing the Barber paradigm. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 8, 67-78. jjj

Constantins, E., and Crack, K.H. 1980. Personality and politicians: California party leaders,1960-1976. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 641-661.

Cowden, Jonathan A. 1999. “Self-Effacing and Self-Defeating Leadership: Adlai E. Stevenson.”Political Psychology, 20(December): 845-874.

Dietrich, Bryce J., Scott Lasley, Jeffery J. Mondak, Megan L. Remmel, and Joel Turner. 2012. “Personality and Legislative Politics: The Big Five Trait Dimensions Among U.S. StateLegislators.” Political Psychology, 33(April): 195 - 210.

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Dyson, Stephen Benedict. 2007. “Alliances, Domestic Politics, and Leader Psychology: WhyDid Britain Stay Out of Vietnam and Go into Iraq?” Political Psychology,28(December): 647 - 666.

Elms, A.C. 1976. Personality in Politics. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

Elms, A.C. 1986. From House to Haig: Private life and public style in American foreign policyadvisors. Journal of Social Issues, 42, 33-54.

Feldman, Ofer. 1996. "The Political Personality of Japan: An Inquiry into the Belief Systems ofDiet Members." Political Psychology, 17(December): 657-682.

Ferguson, Margaret R., and Jay Barth. 2002. “”Governors in the Legislative Arena: TheImportance of Personality in Shaping Success.” Political Psychology, 23(December):759 - 786.

George, A.L. 1974. Assessing presidential character. World Politics, 26, 234-282. [Far-rangingreview of the 1st edition of Barber's book.]

George, A.L., and George, J.L. (1956/1964). Woodrow Wilson and Colonel House. New York: Dover.

Gilbert, Robert E. 2006. “Psychological Illness in Presidents: A Medical Advisory Commissionand Disability Determinations.” Political Psychology, 27(February): 55 - 76.

Gilbert, Robert E. 2008. “Ronald Reagan’s Presidency: The Impact of an Alcoholic Parent.” Political Psychology, 29 (October): 737 - 766.

Glad, B. 1973. Contributions of psychobiography. In J. Knudson (Ed.), Handbook of politicalpsychology (pp. 296-321). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Glad, Betty. 2002. “Why Tyrants Go too Far: Malignant Narcissism and Absolute Power.”Political Psychology, 23(March): 1 - 38.

Greenstein, Fred I. 1975. Personality and Politics: Problems of Evidence, Inference, andConceptualization. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. (particularly chs 3, 5, & 6).

Greenstein, Fred I. 1987. Personality and Politics: Problems of Evidence, Inference, andConceptualization. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Greenstein, Fred I. 1998. “The Impact of Personality on the End of the Cold War: ACounterfactual Analysis.” Political Psychology, 19(March): 1-16.

Greenstein, Fred I. 2011. “Barack Obama: The Man and His Presidency at the Midterm.” PS:Political Science & Politics, 44(January): 7– 12.

Gruenfeld, Deborah H. 1995. "Status, Ideology, and Integrative Complexity on the U.S.Supreme Court: Rethinking the Politics of Political Decision Making." Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology, 68(January): 5-20.

Hermann, M.G. 1980. Assessing the personalities of Soviet politburo members. Personality andSocial Psychological Bulletin, 6, 332-352.

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Kearns, D. 1976. Lyndon Johnson's political personality. Political Science Quarterly, 91, 385-410.

Keller, Jonathan W., and Dennis M. Foster. 2012. “Presidential Leadership Style and thePolitical Use of Force.” Political Psychology, 33(October): 581 - 598.

Kowert, Paul A. 1996. "Where Does the Buck Stop? Assessing the Impact of PresidentialPersonality." Political Psychology, 17(September): 421-452.

Malici, Akan, and Johanna Malici. 2005. “The Operational Codes of Fidel Castro and Kim IlSung: The Last Cold Warriors?” Political Psychology, 26(June): 387 - 412.

McCann, Steward J.H. 1992. Alternative Formulas to Predict the Greatness of U.S. Presidents: Personological, Situational, and Zeitgeist. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,71, 469-479.

McCann, Steward H.J. 1997. "Threatening Times, 'Strong' Presidential Popular Vote Winners,and the Victory Margin, 1824-1964." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,73(July): 160-170.

McCann, Steward J.H., and Stewin, L.L. 1987. Threat, authoritarianism, and the power of U.S.presidents. Journal of Psychology, 121, 149-157.

O’Reilly, K.P. 2012 “Leaders’ Perceptions and Nuclear Proliferation: A Political PsychologyApproach to Proliferation.” Political Psychology, 33(December): 767 - 790.

Popper, Micha. 2000. “The Development of Charismatic Leaders.” Political Psychology,21(December): 729 - 745.

Post, Jerrold M. 1991. “The Impact of Crisis-Induced Stress on Policy Makers.” In Alexander L.George (ed.) Avoiding War (Chapter 20). Boulder, CO: Westview.

Post, Jerrold M. (Ed.). 2003. The Psychological Assessment of Political Leaders. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Preston, Thomas, and Paul ‘t Hart. 1999. “Understanding and Evaluating Bureaucratic Politics:The Nexus Between Political Leaders and Advisory Systems.” Political Psychology,20(March), 49-98.

Qualls, J.H. 1977. Barber's typological analysis of political leaders. American Political ScienceReview, 71, 182-211. jjj

Renshon, Stanley A. 1994. “A Preliminary Assessment of the Clinton Presidency.” PoliticalPsychology 15(June): 374 - 394.

Renshon, Stanley A. 2000. “After the Fall: The Clinton Presidency in PsychologicalPerspective.” Political Science Quarterly, 115(Spring): 41-66.

Renshon, Stanley A. 2005. “George W. Bush’s Cowboy Politics: An Inquiry.” PoliticalPsychology, 26(August): 585 - 614.

Renshon, Stanley A. 2011. “Redemption, Fairness, and the Politics of Transformation in theObama Presidency.” Political Psychology, 32(December): 1035 - 1058.

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Rohde, David W. 1979. Risk-bearing and progressive ambition: The case of the United StatesHouse of Representatives. American Journal of Political Science, 23, 1-26.

Rosenberg, S. 1989. A study of personality in literary autobiography: An analysis of ThomasWolfe's Look Homeward, Angel. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56,416-430.

Runyan, William M. 1984. Life Histories and Psychobiography: Explorations in Theory andMethod. New York: Oxford University Press.

Schlesinger, Arthur M. Jr. 1997. “Rating the Presidents: Washington to Clinton." PoliticalScience Quarterly, 11(Summer): 179 - 190.

Searing, Donald D. 1978. “Measuring Politicians' Values: Administration and Assessment of aRanking Technique in the British House of Commons.” American Political ScienceReview, 72, 65-79.

Searing, Donald D. 1995. “The Psychology of Political Authority: A Causal Mechanism ofPolitical Learning Through Persuasion and Manipulation.” Political Psychology, 16,677-696.

Sears, Robert R., and Lapidus, D 1973. “Episodic Analysis of Novels.” Journal of Psychology,85, 267-276.

Shepard, Graham H. 1988. “Personality Effects on American Foreign Policy, 1969-84: ASecond Test of Interpersonal Generalization Theory.” International Studies Quarterly,32(March): 91 - 123.

Sigelman, Lee. 2002. “Two Reagans? Genre Imperatives, Ghostwriters, and PresidentialPersonality Profiling. Political Psychology, 23(December): 839 - 852.

Simonton, Dean K. 1986. Presidential personality: Biographical use of the Gough adjectivecheck list. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 149-160.

Simonton, Dean K. 1990. Personality and politics. In L.A. Pervin, Editor, Handbook ofPersonality: Theory and Research (pp. 670-692). New York: Guildord.

Simonton, Dean K. 1992. Comment: Presidential greatness and personality: A response toMcCann (1992). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 676-679.

Simonton, Dean K. 2006. “Presidential IQ, Openness, Intellectual Brilliance, and Leadership:Estimates and Correlations for 42 U.S. Chief Executives.” Political Psychology,27(August): 527 - 548.

Steinberg, Blema. 1996. Shame and Humiliation: Presidential Decision Making on Vietnam. Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press.

Steinberg, Blema. 2005. “Indira Gandhi: The Relationship between Personality Profile andLeadership Style.” Political Psychology, 26(October): 755 - 790.

Steward, A.J., Healy, J.M., Jr. 1986. The role of personality development and experience inshaping political commitment: An illustrative case. Journal of Social Issues, 42, 11-32.

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Tetlock, Philip E. 1981. Personality and isolationism: Content analysis of senatorial speeches. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 737-743.

Tetlock, Philip E. 1983. Accountability and complexity of thought. Journal of Personality andSocial Psychology, 45, 74-83.

Tetlock, Philip E. 1983. Cognitive style and political ideology. Journal of Personality andSocial Psychology, 45, 118-126.

Tetlock, Philip E. 1984. Cognitive style and political beliefs systems in the British House ofCommons. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 365-375.

Tetlock, Philip E. 1985. Integrative complexity of American and Soviet foreign policy rhetoric: A time-series analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 1565-1585.

Tetlock, Philip E. 1985. Integrative complexity of policy reasoning. In S. Kraus and R.M.Perloff (Eds.) Mass media and political thought. (pp. 267-289). Beverly Hills: Sage.

Tetlock, Philip E. 1986. A value pluralism model of ideological reasoning. Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology, 50, 819-827.

Tetlock, Phillip E., David Armor, and Randall S. Peterson. 1994. "The Slavery Debate inAntebellum America: Cognitive Style, Value Conflict, and the Limits of Compromise." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(January): 115-126.

Tetlock, Philip E., Bernzweig, J., and Gallant, J.L. 1985. Supreme Court decision making: Cognitive style as a predictor of ideological consistency of voting. Journal of Personalityand Social Psychology, 48, 1227-1239.

Tetlock, Philip E., Crosby, F., and Crosby, T.L. 1981. Political psychobiography. Micropolitics,1, 191-213.

Tetlock, Philip E., Hannum, K.A., and Micheletti, P.M. 1984. Stability and change in thecomplexity of senatorial debate: Testing the cognitive versus rhetorical style hypothesis.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 979-990.

Thoemmes, Felix J., and Lucian Gideon Conway III. 2007. “Integrative Complexity of 41 U.S.Presidents.” Political Psychology, 28(April): 193 - 226.

Walker, Steven G. 1995. Psychodynamic processes and framing effects in foreign policydecision-making: Woodrow Wilson's operational code. Political Psychology, 16, 697-718.

Winter, David G. 1987. Enhancement of an enemy's power motivation as a dynamic of conflictescalation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 41-47.

Winter, David G. 1987. Leader appeal, leader performance, and the motive profiles of leadersand followers: A study of American presidents and elections. Journal of Personality andSocial Psychology, 52, 196-203.

Winter, David G. 1993. "Power, Affiliation, and War: Three Tests of a Motivational Model."Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(September): 532-545.

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Winter, David G. 2005. “Things I've Learned About Personality From Studying Political Leadersat a Distance.” Journal of Personality, 73(June): 557-584.

Winter, David G. 2007. “The Role of Motivation, Responsibility, and Integrative Complexity inCrisis Escalation: Comparative Studies of War and Peace Crises.” Journal of Personalityand Social Psychology, 92(May): 920 - 937.

Winter, David G. 2011. “Philosopher King or Polarizing Politician? A Personality Profile ofBarack Obama.” Political Psychology, 32(December): 1059 - 1081. BASEUNDERGRADUATE LECTURE AROUND THIS ARTICLE, AFTER STUDENTSHAVE READ THE HANDBOOK CHAPTER ...

Zullow, H.M., Oettinger, G., Peterson, C., and Seligman, M.E.P. 1988. Pessimistic explanatorystyle in the historical record: CAVing LBJ, presidential candidates, and East versus WestBerlin. American Psychologist, 43 673-682.

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Date Topic

Sept. 28 II. POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION

Reading: Sears, David O., and Christian Brown. 2013. “Childhood and Adult PoliticalDevelopment.” Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology, Ch. 3.

Stoker, Laura, and M. Kent Jennings. 2008. “Of Time and the Development ofPartisan Polarization.” American Journal of Political Science, 52(July):619 - 635.

Jennings, M. Kent, Laura Stoker, and Jake Bowers. 2009. “Politics AcrossGenerations: Family Transmission Reexamined.” Journal of Politics,71(July): 782 - 799.

Osborne, Danny, David O. Sears, and Nicholas A. Valentino. 2011. “The End ofthe Solidly Democratic South: The Impressionable-Years Hypothesis.” Political Psychology, 32(February): 81 - 108.

Mishler, William, and Richard Rose. 2007. “Generation, Age, and Time: TheDynamics of Political Learning during Russia’s Transformation.” American Journal of Political Science, 51(4): 822-834.

Fox, Richard L., and Jennifer L. Lawless. 2014. “Uncovering the Origins of theGender Gap in Political Ambition.” American Political Science Review,108(August): 499 - 519.

Optional:

A good introduction to the psychological literature on child development is provided by:

Bornstein, M.H. and M.E. Lamb, editors. 1984. Developmental Psychology: An AdvancedTextbook. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Political Socialization in Children:

Adelson, J. 1972. “ The political imagination of the young adolescent.” In J. Kagan and R. Coles(Eds.), Twelve to sixteen: Early adolescence (pp. 106-143). New York: Norton.

Arterton, F.C. 1975. Watergate and children's attitudes toward political authority revisited. Political Science Quarterly, 90, 477-496.

Billingsley, K.R., and Tucker, C. 1987. Generations, status and party identification: A theory ofoperant conditioning. Political Behavior, 9, 305-323.

Broh, C.A. 1979. Adler on the influence of siblings in political socialization. Political Behavior,1, 175-200.

Campbell, Bruce A. 1980. “A theoretical approach to peer influence in adolescent socialization.” American Journal of Political Science, 24, 324-344.

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Campbell, David E., and Christina Wolbrecht. 2006. “See Jane Run: Women Politicians as RoleModels for Adolescents.” Journal of Politics, 68(May): 233 - 247.

Campbell, David E. 2008. “Voice in the Classroom: How an Open Classroom climate FostersPolitical Engagement among Adolescents.” Political Behavior, 30(December): 437 -454.

Caspi, Avshalom. 2000. “The Child Is Father of the Man: Personality Continuities fromChildhood to Adulthood.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(January):158-172.

Conway, M.M, Wyckoff, M.L., Feldbaum, E., and Ahern, D. 1981. The news media in children'spolitical socialization. Public Opinion Quarterly, 45, 164-178.

Cook, Tim E. 1985. “The Bear Market in Political Socialization and the Costs of MisunderstoodPsychological Theories.” American Political Science Review, 79(December): 1079-1093

Dalton, R.J. 1980. “Reassessing Parental Socialization: Indicator Unreliability Vs. GenerationalTransfer.” American Political Science Review, 74, 421-431.

Dalton, R.J. 1982. The Pathways of Parental Socialization. American Politics Quarterly, 10,139-157.

Davis, James A. 2004. “Did Growing Up in the 1960s Leave a Permanent Mark on Attitudes andValues? Evidence from the General Social Survey.” Public Opinion Quarterly, 68(Summer): 161-183.

Dennis, Jack. 1968. Major problems of political socialization research. Midwest Journal ofPolitical Science, 12, 85-114.

Dennis, Jack. 1973. Socialization to politics: A reader. New York: Wiley.

Dolan, Kathleen. 1995. Attitudes, behaviors, and the influence of the family: A reexaminationof the role of family structure. Political Behavior, 17, 251-264.

Easton, David, and Dennis, Jack. 1965. The child's image of government. The Annals of theAmerican Academy of Political Science, 361, 40-57.

Easton, David, and Dennis, Jack. 1969. Children in the Political System: Origins of PoliticalLegitimacy. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Epstein, R., and Komorita, S.S. 1966. Childhood prejudice as a function of parentalethnocentrism, punitiveness, and outgroup characteristics. Journal of Personality andSocial Psychology, 3, 259-264.

Fine, G.A., and E. Eisenberg. 2002. “Tricky Dick and Slick Willy: Despised Presidents andGenerational Imprinting.” American Behavioral Scientist, 46(4): 553 - 565.

Fitzgerald, Jennifer. 2011. “Family Dynamics and Swiss Parties on the Rise: Exploring PartySupport in a Changing Electoral Context.” Journal of Politics, 73(July): 783 - 796.

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Fitzgerald, Jennifer, and K. Amber Curtis. 2012. “Partisan Discord in the Family and PoliticalEngagement: A Comparative Behavioral Analysis.” Journal of Politics, 74(January): 129 - 141.

Forland, Tor Egil, Trine Rogg Korsvik, and Knut-Andreas Christophersen. 2012. “Brought Upto Rebel in the Sixties: Birth Order Irrelevant, Parental Worldview Decisive.” PoliticalPsychology, 33(December): 825 - 838.

Greenstein, F.I. 1960. “The Benevolent Leader: Children's Images of Political Authority.” American Political Science Review, 54, 934-942.

Hatemi, Peter K., Carolyn L. Funk, Sarah E. Medland, Hermine M. Maes, Judy L. Silbert,Nicholas G. Martin, and Lindon J. Eaves. 2009 “Genetic and EnvironmentalTransmission of Political Attitudes Over a Life Time.” Journal of Politics, 71(July):1141 - 1156.

Hershey, M.R., and Hill, D.B. 1975. “Watergate and preadults' attitudes toward the president.” American Journal of Political Science, 19, 703-726.

Hess, R.D., and Torney, J.V. 1967. The Development of Political Attitudes in Children. Chicago: Aldine.

Jaros, D., Hirsch, H., and Fleron, F.J., Jr. 1968. The malevolent leader: Political socialization inan American sub-culture. American Political Science Review, 62, 564-575.

Jennings, M. Kent. 2002. “Generation Units and the Student Protest Movement in the UnitedStates: An Intra- and Intergenerational Analysis.” Political Psychology, 23(June): 303 -324.

Jennings, M. Kent, and Niemi, Richard G. 1974. The Political Character of Adolescence: TheInfluence of Families and Schools. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Kozulin, A. 1986. The concept of activity in Soviet psychology: Vygotsky, his disciples andcritics. American psychologist, 41, 264-274.

Kraut, R.E., and Lewis, S.H. 1975. Alternate models of family influence on student politicalideology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 791-800.

Kraut, R.E., and Price, J.D. 1976. Machiavellianism in parents and their children. Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology, 33, 782-792.

Luskin, Robert C., McIver, John P., and Carmines, Edward G. 1989. “Issues and theTransmission of Partisanship.” American Journal of Political Science, 33, 440-458.

Maddox, W.S. 1979. Presidential affect and chauvinism among children. American Journal ofPolitical Science, 23, 426-433.

Marsh, D. 1971. Political Socialization: The implicit assumptions questioned. British Journalof Political Science, 1, 453-466.

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McDevitt, Michael, and Steven Chaffee. 2002. “From Top-Down to Trickle-Up Influence: Revisiting Assumptions About the Family in Political Socialization.” PoliticalCommunication, 19(July): 281 - 301.

Merelman, R.M. 1969. The development of political ideology: A framework for the analysis ofpolitical socialization. American Political Science Review, 63, 750-767.

Merelman, R.M. 1971. The development of policy thinking in adolescence. American PoliticalScience Review, 65, 1033-1047.

Merelman, R.M. 1980. Democratic politics and the culture of American education. AmericanPolitical Science Review, 74, 319-332. [Comment by Jennings, rejoinder by Merelmanfollow.]

Milburn, M.A., Conrad, S.D., Sala, F., and Carberry, S. 1995. Childhood punishment, denial,and political attitudes. Political Psychology, 16, 447-478.

Pacheco, Juliana Sandell. 2008. “Political Socialization in Context: The Effect of PoliticalCompetition on Youth Voter Turnout.” Political Behavior, 30(December): 515 - 436.

Piaget, Jean, and Weil, A.M. 1951. The development in children of the idea of the homeland andof relations with other countries. International Social Science Bulletin, 3, 561-578.

Renshon, Stanley A., Editor. 1977. Handbook of political socialization: Theory and research. New York: Free Press.

Ruble, Diane N., and Jacqueline J. Goodnow. 1998. “Social Development in Childhood andAdulthood. In Daniel Gilbert, Susan T. Fiske, and Gardner Lindzey, eds., The Handbookof Social Psychology (Volume One, 4th Edition, pp. 741 - 787). Boston: McGraw Hill.

Sangster, Roberta L., and Robert W. Reynolds. 1996. "A Test of Inglehart's SocializationHypothesis for the Acquisition of Materialist/Postmaterialist Values: The Influence ofChildhood Poverty on Adult Values." Political Psychology, 17(June):253-270.

Sapiro, Virginia. 2004. “Not Your Parents’ Political Socialization: Introduction for a NewGeneration.” Annual Review of Political Science, 7: 1 - 23.

Schuman, Howard, and Amy Corning. 2012. “Generational Memory and the Critical Period:Evidence for National and World Events.” Public Opinion Quarterly, 76(Spring): 1 - 31.

Schuman, Howard, and Willard L. Rodgers. 2004. “Cohorts, Chronology, and CollectiveMemories.” Public Opinion Quarterly,68(Summer): 217-254.

Schwartz, D.C., and Schwartz, S.K., editors. 1975. New Directions in Political Socialization. New York: Free Press.

Searing, Donald D., Schwartz, J.J., and Lind, A.E. 1973. The structuring principle: Politicalsocialization and belief systems. American Political Science Review, 67, 415-432.

Sears, David O. 1975. “Political Socialization.” In Fred .I. Greenstein and Nelson W. Polsby(Eds.), Handbook of Political Science (Vol. 2, pp. 93-127). Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley.

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Sears, David O., and Nicholas A. Valentino. 1997. “Politics Matters: Political Events asCatalysts for Preadult Socialization.” American Political Science Review, 91(March):45-65.

Sigel, R.S. 1968. Image of the president: Some insights into the political views of schoolchildren. American Political Science Review, 62, 216-226.

Sigel, Roberta S., and Marilyn B. Hoskin. 1981. The Political Involvement of Adolescents. NewBrunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

Smith, Elizabeth S. 1999. “The Effects of Investments in the Social Capital of Youth on Politicaland Civic Behavior in Young Adulthood: A Longitudinal Analysis.” PoliticalPsychology, 20(September): 553-580.

Tapp, June L., and Kohlberg, L. 1971. Developing senses of law and legal justice. Journal ofSocial Issues, 27, 65-91.

Tedon, Kent L. 1980. Assessing peer and parent influence on adolescent political attitudes. American Journal of Political Science, 24, 136-154.

Tessler, Mark, Carrie Konold, and Megan Reif. 2004. “Political Generations in DevelopingCountries: Evidence and Insights from Algeria.” Public Opinion Quarterly,68(Summer):184-216.

Torney-Purta, Judith. 1994. “Dimensions of Adolescents' Reasoning about Political andHistorical Issues: Ontological Switches, Developmental Processes, and SituatedLearning.” In M Carretero and J.F. Voss (Eds.) Cognitive and instructional processes inhistory and the social sciences (pp. 103-122). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Valentino, Nicholas A., and David O. Sears. 1998. “Event-Driven Political Communication andthe Preadult Socialization of Partisanship.” Political Behavior, 20(June): 129 - 154.

van der Broek, Andries. 1999. “Does Differential Cohort Socialization Matter? The Impact ofCohort Replacement and the Presence of Intergenerational Differences in theNetherlands.” Political Psychology, 20(September): 501-524.

Van Deth, Jan W., Simone Abendschon, and Meike Vollmar. 2011. “Children and Politics: AnEmpirical Reassessment of Early Political Socialization.” Political Psychology,32(February): 147 - 174.

Westholm, Anders. 1999. “The Perceptual Pathway: Tracing the Mechanisms of Political ValueTransfer Across Generations. Political Psychology, 20(September): 525 - 552.

Williams, C.B., and Minns, D.R. 1986. “Agent Credibility and Receptivity Influences onChildren's Political Learning.” Political Behavior, 8(June): 175-200.

Zellman, Gail L., and Sears, David O. 1971. Childhood origins of tolerance for dissent. Journalof Social Issues, 27, 109-136.

Zweigenhaft, Richard L. 2002. “Birth Order Effects and Rebelliousness: Political Activism andInvolvement with Marijuana.” Political Psychology, 23(June): 219 - 234.

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Political Socialization in Adults

Abramson, Paul .R. 1979. “Developing Party Identification: A Further Examination of Life-Cycle, Generational, and Period Effects.” American Journal of Political Science,23(February): 78-96. [Reply by Converse follows.]

Alwin, Duane F., Ronald L. Cohen, and Theodore M. Newcomb. 1991. Political Attitudes overthe Lifespan: The Bennington Women after Fifty Years. Madison: University ofWisconsin Press.

Atkin, C.K., and Gantz, W. 1978. Television news and political socialization. Public OpinionQuarterly, 42, 183-198.

Beck, Paul A. 1976. “A Socialization Theory of Partisan Realignment.” In R.G. Niemi and H.Weisberg, (Eds.), Controversies in American voting behavior (1st edition, pp. 396-411). San Francisco: Freeman.

Bates, P.B., and Reese, H.W. 1984. “The life-span perspective in developmental psychology.” In M.H. Bornstein and M.E. Lamb (Eds.), Developmental Psychology: An AdvancedTextbook (pp. 493-532). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Beck, Paul A., and Jennings, M. Kent. 1982. “Pathways to Participation.” American PoliticalScience Review, 76, 94-108.

Beck, Paul A., and Jennings, M. Kent. 1991. “Family Traditions, Political Periods, and theDevelopment of Partisan Orientations.” Journal of Politics, 53(3): 742-763.

Butler, David, and Stokes, Donald. 1969. Political Change in Britain. New York: St. Martin'sPress.

Converse, Philip E. 1976. The Dynamics of Party Support: Cohort-analyzing PartyIdentification. Beverly Hills: Sage.

Cutler, N.E. 1977. Demographic, social-psychological and political factors in the politics ofaging: A foundation for research in political gerontology. American Political ScienceReview, 71, 1011-1025.

Dalton, R.J. 1987. Generational change in elite political beliefs: The growth of ideologicalpolarization. Journal of Politics, 49, 976-997.

Delli Carpini, Michael X. 1986. Stability and Change in American Politics: The Coming of Ageof the Sixties Generation. New York: New York University Press.

Garramone, G.M., and Atkin, C.K. 1986. Mass communication and political socialization: Specifying the effects. Public Opinion Quarterly, 50, 76-86.

Highton, Benjamin. 2001. “The First Seven Years of the Political Life Cycle.” American Journalof Political Science, 45(January): 202 - 209.

Jennings, M.K. 1979. Another look at the life cycle and political participation. AmericanJournal of Political Science, 23, 755-771.

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Jennings, M.K. 1987. Residues of a Movement: The aging of the American protest generation. American Political Science Review, 81, 367-383.

Jennings, M.K. and Markus, G.B. 1977. The effect of military service on political attitudes: Apanel study. American Political Science Review, 71, 131-147.

Jennings, M.K., and Markus, G.B. 1984. Partisan orientations over the long haul: Results fromthe three-wave political socialization panel study. American Political Science Review,78, 1000-1018.

Jennings, M. Kent, and Markus, Greg B. 1988. “Political Involvement in the Later Years: ALongitudinal Survey.” American Journal of Political Science, 32, 302-316.

Jennings, M. Kent, and Niemi, Richard G. 1968. “The Transmission of Political Values fromParent to Child.” American Political Science Review, 62(1): 169-184.

.Jennings, M. Kent, and Niemi, Richard G. 1981. Generations and Politics: A Panel Study of

Young Adults and Their Parents. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

McCraw, Robert R., Paul T. Costa, Jr., Fritz Ostendorf, Alois Angleitner, Martina Hrebickova,Maria D. Avia, Jesus Sanz, Maria L. Sanches-Bernardos, M. Ersin Kusdil, RuthWoodfield, Peter R. Saunders, and Peter B. Smith. 2000. “Nature over Nurture:Temperament, Personality, and Life Span Development” Journal of Personality andSocial Psychology, 78(January): 173-186.

Milburn, Michael A., Miho Niwa, and Marcus D. Paterson. 2014. “Authoritarianism, Anger,and Hostile Attribution Bias: A test of Affect Displacement.” Political Psychology35(April): 225 - 244.

Nassi, A.J. 1981. “Survivors of the sixties: Comparative psychosocial and political developmentof former Berkeley student activists.” American Psychologist, 36, 753-761.

Niemi, R.G., Ross, R.D. and Alexander, J. 1978. The similarity of political values of parents andcollege-age youths. Public Opinion Quarterly, 42, 503-520.

Prior, Markus. 2010. “You’ve Either Got It or You Don’t? The Stability of Political Interestover the Life Cycle.” Journal of Politics, 72(July): 747 - 766.

Rapoport, Ronald B. 1981. The sex gap in political persuading: Where the "structuring

principle" works. American Journal of Political Science, 25, 32-48.

Rapoport, Ronald B. 1982. Sex differences in attitude expression: A generational explanation. Public Opinion Quarterly, 46, 89-96.

Roberts, C.W., and Lang, K. 1985. Generations and ideological change: Some observations. Public Opinion Quarterly, 49, 460-473.

Sears, David O. 1975. Political socialization. In F.I. Greenstein and N.W. Polsby (Eds.),Handbook of political science (Volume 2, pp. 127-153). Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley.

Sears, David O. 1983. On the persistence of early political predispositions: The roles of attitudeobject and life stage. Review of Personality and Social Psychology, 4, 79-116.

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Sears, David O., and Carolyn L. Funk. 1999. “Evidence of the Long-term Persistence of Adults'Political Predispositions. Journal of Politics, 61(1): 1-28.

Sears, David O., and McConahay, John S. 1973. The Politics of Violence: The New UrbanBlacks and the Watts Riot. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Shively, William P. 1979. The development of party identification among adults: Exploration ofa functional model. American Political Science Review, 73, 1039-1054.

Sigel, Roberta (Editor). 1989. Political Learning in Adulthood. Chicago: University of ChicagoPress.

Sigel, Roberta S. 1992. “How Men and Women Cope When Gender Role OrientationsChange.” Political Psychology, 13(September): 337 - 352.

Stoker, Laura, and M. Kent Jennings. 1995. “Life-Cycle Transitions and Political Participation: The Case of Marriage.” American Political Science Review, 89(2): 421 - 433.

Trevor, Margaret C. 1999. “Political Socialization, Party Identification, and the Gender Gap.”Public Opinion Quarterly, 63(Spring): 62-89.

Watts, Meredith W. 1999. “Are There Typical Age Curves in Political Behavior? The ‘AgeInvariance’ Hypothesis and Political Socialization.” Political Psychology, 20(September): 477 - 500.

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III. COGNITION

Date Topic

Oct. 5 Social Cognition

Reading: Anderson, John R. 1996. “ACT: A Simple Theory of Complex Cognition.” American Psychologist, 51 (April): 355-365.

Schachter, Daniel L. 1999. "The Seven Sins of Memory." American Psychologist,54(March): 192-203.

Lieberman, Matthew D., and Darren Schreiber. 2003. “Is Political CognitionLike Riding a Bicycle? How Cognitive Neuroscience Can InformResearch on Political Thinking.” Political Psychology, 24(December):681 - 704.

Dijksterhuis, Ap. 2010. “Automaticity and the Unconscious.” In Susan T.Fiske, Daniel T. Gilbert, and Gardner Lindzey (eds) Handbook of SocialPsychology (5th edition, Volume 1, Chapter 7, pp 228 - 267). Hoboken,NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Optional:

Anderson, John R., Michael d. Byrne, Scot Douglass, Christian Lebiere, and Yulin Qin. 2004. “An Integrated Theory of the Mind. Psychological Review, 111(4): 1036 - 1060.

Augier, Mie, and James G. March (Eds.). 2004. Models of a Man: Essays in Memory ofHerbert Simon. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Bargh, John A., and Ezequiel Morsella. 2008. “The Unconscious Mind.” Perspectives onPsychological Science, 3(January): 73 - 79.

Baumeister, Roy F. 2008. “Free Will in Scientific Psychology.” Perspectives on Psychological

Science, 3(January): 14 - 19.

Blair, I.V., Charles M. Judd, and J.L. Fallman. 2004. “The Automaticity of Race andAfrocentric Facial Features in Social Judgments.” Journal of Personality and SocialPsychology, 87(December): 763-778.

Cantor, N., and Mischel, W. 1979. Prototypes in person perception. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.)Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, (Vol. 12, pp. 3-52). New York: AcademicPress.

Corneille, O., J. Huart, E. Becquart, and S. Bredart. 2004. “When Memory Shifts Toward MoreTypical Category Exemplars: Accentuation Effects in the Recollection of EthnicallyAmbiguous Faces.”Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(February):236-250.

Epstein, Seymour, Veronika Denes-Raj, and Rosemary Pacini. 1995. "The Linda ProblemRevisited from the Perspective of Cognitive-Experiential Self-Theory." Personality andSocial Psychology Bulletin, 21(November): 1124-1138.

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Fiske, Susan T. 1992. “Thinking is for doing: Portraits of social cognition from daguerreotypeto laserphoto.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 877-889.

Fiske, Susan T., and Linville, P.W. 1980. What does the schema concept buy us? Personalityand Social Psychology Bulletin, 6, 543-557.

Fiske, Susan T., and Pavelchak, M.A. 1986. Category-based versus piecemeal-based affectiveresponses: Developments in schema-triggered affect. In R.M Sorrentino and E.T.Higgins (Eds.) Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior(pp. 167-203). New York: Guilford.

Fiske, Susan T., and Shelley E. Taylor. 1991. Social Cognition. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Fiske, Susan T., and Shelley E. Taylor. 2008. Social Cognition: From Brains to Culture. Boston : McGraw-Hill.

Gill, Michael J. 2004. “When Information Does Not Deter Stereotyping: PrescriptiveStereotyping Can Foster Bias Under conditions that Deter Descriptive Stereotyping.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40(September): 619-632.

Glick, Peter, and Susan T. Fiske. 2001. “An Ambivalent Alliance: Hostile and BenevolentSexism as Complementary Justifications for Gender Inequality.” American Psychologist,56(February): 109 - 118.

Golec, A., and Chris M. Federico. 2004. “Understanding Responses to Political Conflict:Interactive Effects of the Need for Closure and Salient Conflict Schemas.” Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology, 87(December): 750-762.

Hastie, Reid. 1986. A primer of information-processing theory for the political scientist. InRichard R. Lau and David O. Sears, (Eds.), Political cognition: The 19th annualCarnegie symposium on cognition (pp 11-39). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Hastie, Reid, and Kumar, P.A. 1979. Person memory: Personality traits as organizing principlesin memory for behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 25-38.

Hastie, Reid, and Bernadett Park. 1986. “The Relationship Between Memory and JudgmentDepends on Whether the Judgment Task Is Memory-based or On-line.” PsychologicalReview, 93(July): 258 - 268.

Higgins, E. Tory., and Bargh, J.A. 1987. Social cognition and social perception. In M.R.Rosenweig and L.W. Porter (Eds.) Annual Review of Psychology (Vol. 38, pp. 369-425). Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews.

Higgins, E. Tory, and Sorrentino, R.M., editors. 1990. Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior (Volume 2). New York: Guilford.

Johnson, R. E., C. H. Chang, and R.G. Lord. 2006. “Moving From Cognition to Behavior: Whatthe Research Says.” Psychological Bulletin, 132(3): 381-415.

Judd, Charles M., and Park, B. 1993. Definition and assessment of accuracy in socialstereotypes. Psychological Review, 100 (January), 109-128.

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Jussim, Lee, Thomas E. Nelson, Melvin Manis, and Sonia Soffin. 1995. "Prejudice, Stereotypes,and Labeling Effects: Sources of Bias in Person Perception." Journal of Personality andSocial Psychology, 68(February): 228-246.

Kunda, Ziva. 1990. “The Case for Motivated Reasoning.” Psychological Bulletin, 108(November): 480 - 498.

Lepore, Lorella, and Rupert Brown. 1997. "Category and Stereotype Activation: Is PrejudiceInevitable? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72:(February): 275-287.

Lieberman, Matthew D. 2010. “Social Cognitive Neuroscience.” In Susan T. Fiske, Daniel T.Gilbert, and Gardner Lindzey (eds) Handbook of Social Psychology (5th edition, Volume1, Chapter 5, pp 143 - 193). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Lyons, A, and Y. Kashima. 2003. “How Are Stereotypes Maintained Through Communication?The Influence of Stereotype Sharedness.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,85(December): 989-1005.

Macrae, C. Neil, Alan B. Mine, and Galen V. Bodenhausen. 1994. "Stereotypes as Energy-Saving Devices: A Peek Inside the Cognitive Toolbox." Journal of Personality andSocial Psychology, 66(January): 37-47.

Markus, H., and Zajonc, R.B. 1985. The cognitive perspective in social psychology. In G.Lindzey and E. Aronson (Eds.) The handbook of social psychology (Vol. I, 3rd ed., pp137-230). New York: Random House.

McConnell, Allen R., Steven J. Sherman, and David L. Hamilton. 1997. “Target Entitativity:Implications for Information Processing About Individual and Group Targets.” Journalof Personality and Social Psychology, 72(April): 750-762.

Moskowitz, Gordon B., Peter M. Gollwitzer, Wolfgang Wasel, and Bernard Schaal. 1999. “Preconscious Control of Stereotype Activation through Chronic Egalitarian Goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(July): 167 - 184.

Pribram, K.H. 1986. The cognitive revolution and mind/brain issues. American Psychologist,41, 507-520.

Roser, Matthew, and Michael S. Gazzaniga. 2004. “Automatic Brains – Interpretive Minds.” Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13(2): 56 - 59.

Schneider, D.J., Hastorf, A.H., and Ellsworth, P.C. 1979. Person perception (2nd edition). Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley.

Sherman, Jeffrey W., Angela Y. Lee, Gayle R. Bessendoff, and Leigh A. Frost. 1998. “StereotypeEfficiency Reconsidered: Encoding Flexibility Under Cognitive Load.” Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology, 75(September): 589-606.

Sherman, Jeffrey W., S.J. Stroessner, F.R. Conrey, and O.A. Azam. 2005. “Prejudice andStereotype Maintenance Processes: Attention, Attribution, and Individuation.” Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology, 89(October): 607-622.

Skinner, B.F. 1990. “Can Psychology Be a Science of Mind?” American Psychologist, 45, 1206-1210.

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Smith, Elliot R. 1984. “Models of Social Inference Processes.” Psychological Review, 91, 392-413.

Smith, Elliot R. 1996. "What Do Connectionism and Social Psychology Offer Each Other?"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(May): 893-912.

Smith, Elliot R. 1998. "Mental Representation and Memory.” In Daniel Gilbert, Susan T. Fiske,and Gardner Lindzey, eds., The Handbook of Social Psychology (Volume One, 4th

Edition, pp. 391 - 445). Boston: McGraw Hill.

Smith, Eliot R., and Jamie DeCoster. 1998. “Knowledge Acquisition, Accessibility, and Use inPerson Perception and Stereotyping: Simulation with a Recurrent ConnectionistNetwork.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(January): 21-35.

Sorrentino, R.M., and Higgins, E.T., editors. 1986. Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior. New York: Guilford.

Srull, T.K., and Wyer, R.S., Jr. 1989. “Person Memory and Judgment.” Psychological Review,96, 58-83.

Taylor, Shelley E., and Crocker, J. 1981. Schematic bases of social information processing. InE.T. Higgins, C.P. Herman, and M.P. Zanna (Eds.) Social cognition: The OntarioSymposium (Vol. 1, pp. 89-134). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Taylor, Shelley E., and Fiske, S.T. 1981. Getting inside the head: Methodologies for processanalysis in attribution and social cognition. In J.H. Harvey, W. Ickes, and R.F. Kidd(Eds.) New Directions in Attribution Research (Vol. 3, pp. 459-524). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Tormala, Zakary L., and Richard E. Petty. 200l. “On-Line Versus Memory-Based Processing.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(December): 1599 - 1612.

von Hippel, William, John Jonides, James L. Hilton, and Sowmya Narayan. 1993. "InhibitoryEffect of Schematic Processing on Perceptual Encoding." Journal of Personality andSocial Psychology, 64(June): 921-935.

Vonk, Roos, and Ad van Knippenberg. 1995. "Processing Attitude Statements from In-Groupand Out-Group Members: Effects of Within-Group and Within-Person Inconsistencies onReading Times." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(February): 215-227.

Wegner, Daniel M., and John A. Bargh. 1998. “Control and Automaticity in Social Life.” InDaniel Gilbert, Susan T. Fiske, and Gardner Lindzey, eds., The Handbook of SocialPsychology (Volume One, 4th Edition, pp. 446 - 496). Boston: McGraw Hill.

Wyer, Robert S., Jr., and Srull, Thomas K., editors. 1984. Handbook of social cognition (Volume1). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. [Subsequent volumes also contain many good papers.]

Wyer, Robert S., Jr., and Srull, Thomas K. 1986. “Human Cognition in its Social Context.”Psychological Review, 93, 322-359.

Wyer, Robert S., Jr., and Thomas K. Srull. 1989. Memory and Cognition in its Social Context. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

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Date Topic

Oct. 12 Candidate Impression

Reading: Lodge, Milton, Kathleen M. McGraw, and Patrick Stroh. 1989. “An Impression-Driven Model of Candidate Evaluation.” American Political ScienceReview, 83(June): 399-420.

Lodge, Milton, Marco R. Steenbergen, and Shawn Brau. 1995. “The ResponsiveVoter: Campaign Information and the Dynamics of CandidateEvaluation.” American Political Science Review, 89(June): 309-326.

McGraw, Kathleen M. 1991. “Managing Blame: an Experimental Test of theEffects of Political Accounts.” American Political Science Review, 85(December): 1133-1158.

Mitchell, Dona-Gene. 2012. “It’s About Time: The Lifespan of InformationEffects in a Multiweek Campaign.” American Journal of PoliticalScience, 56(April): 298 - 311.

Kam, Cindy D. 2007. “Implicit Attitudes, Explicit Choices: When SubliminalPriming Predicts Candidate Preference.” Political Behavior, 29(September): 343 - 368.

Mattes, Kyle, Michael Spezio, Hackjin Kim, Alexander Todorov, Ralph Adolphs,and R. Michael Alvarez. 2010. “Predicting Election Outcomes fromPositive and Negative Trait Assessments of Candidate Images.” PoliticalPsychology, 31(February): 41 - 58.

I want someone to do their annotated bibliography on Lodge and Taber’s new book:

Lodge, Milton, and Charles S. Taber. 2013. The Rationalizing Voter. New York:Cambridge University Press.

Optional:

Abelson, R.P., Kinder, D.R., Peters, M.D., and Fiske, S.T. 1982. Affective and SemanticComponents in Political Person Perception. Journal of Personality and SocialPsychology, 42, 619-630.

Abramowitz, Alan I. 1987. “Candidate Choice Before the Convention: The Democrats in1984.” Political Behavior, 9, 49-62.

Adaval, Rashmi, Linda M. Isbell, and Robert S. Wyer, Jr. 2007. “The Impact of Pictures onNarrative- and List-Based Impression Formation: A Process Interference Model.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43(May): 352 - 364.

Bailenson, Jeremy N., Shanto Iyengar, Nick Yee, and Nathan A. Collins. 2008. “FacialSimilarity between Voters and Candidates Causes Influence.” Public Opinion Quarterly,72(5): 935 - 961.

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Banducci, Susan A., Jeffrey A. Karp, Michael Thrasher, and Colin Rallings. 2008. “BallotPhotographs as Cues in Low-Information Elections.” Political Psychology,29(December): 903 - 918.

Baumgartner, Jody C., Jonathan S. Morris, and Natasha L. Walth. 2012. “The Fey Effect:Young Adults, Political Humor, and Perceptions of Sarah Palin in the 2008 PresidentialElection Campaign.” Public Opinion Quarterly, 76(Spring): 95 - 104.

Bianco, William t. 1998. "Different Paths to the Same Result: Rational Choice, PoliticalPsychology, and Impression Formation in Campaigns." American Journal of PoliticalScience,42(October): 1061-1081.

Bizer, George Y., Zakary L. Tormala, Derek D. Rucker, and Richard E. Petty. 2006. “Memory-Based Versus On-Line Precessing: Implications for Attitude Strength.” Journal ofExperimental Social Psychology, 42(September): 646 - 653.

Butemeyer, J., Rogers, R.R., Rosenwasser, S.M., and Silvers-Pickens, K. 1987. Attitudes towardwomen and men in politics: Perceived male and female candidates competencies andparticipant personality characteristics. Political Psychology, 8, 191-200.

Campbell, J.E., and Meier, J.L. 1979. Style issues and vote choice. Political Behavior, 1, 203-216.

Caprara, Gian Vittorio, Claudio Barbaranelli, and Philip G. Zimbardo. 2002. “When ParsimonySubdues Distinctiveness: Simplified Public Perception of Politicians’ Personality.”Political Psychology, 23(March): 77 - 96.

Caprara, Gian Vittorio, Michele Vecchione, Claudio Barbaranelli, and R. Chris Fraley. 2007.“When Likeness Goes with Liking: The Case of Political Preference.” PoliticalPsychology, 28(October): 609 - 632.

Carlin, Ryan E., Gregory J. Love, and Cecilia Martinez-Gallardo. 2015. “Cushioning the Fall: Scandals, Economic Conditions, and Executive Approval.” Political Behavior,37(March): 109 - 130.

Citrin, J., Green, D.P., and Sears, David O. 1990. White reactions to Black candidates: Whendoes race matter? Public Opinion Quarterly, 54, 74-96.

Crawford, Jarret T., Lee Jussim, Stephanie Madon, Thomas R. Cain, and Sean Tl Stevens. 2011. “The Use of Stereotypes and Individuating Information in Political Person Perception.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(April): 529 - 543.

Doherty, Kathryn M., and James G. Gimpel. 1997. "Candidate Character vs. The Economy inthe 1992 Election." Political Behavior, 19(September): 177-196.

Einhorn, H.J., Komorita, S.S., and Rosen, B. 1972. Multidimensional models for the evaluationof political candidates. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 8, 58-73.

Federico, Christopher M., and Corrie V. Hunt. 2013. “Political Information, PoliticalInvolvement, and Reliance on Ideology in Political Evaluation.” Political Behavior,35(March): 89 - 112.

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Fischle, Mark. 2000. “Mass Responses to the Lewinsky Scandal: Motivated Reasoning orBayesian Updating?” Political Psychology, 21(March): 135-160.

Foti, R., Fraser, S., and Lord, R. 1982. Effects of leadership labels and prototypes on perceptionsof political leaders. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67, 326-333.

Fox, Richard L., and Eric R.A.N. Smith. 1998. “The Role of Candidate Sex In Voter Decision-Making.” Political Psychology, 19(June): 405-420.

Franklin, C.H. 1991. Eschewing Obfuscation? Campaigns and the Perception of U.S. SenateIncumbents. American Political Science Review, 85, 1193-1214.

Fridkin, Kim L., and Patrick J. Kenney. 2011. “The Role of Candidate Traits in Campaigns.” Journal of Politics, 73(January): 61 - 73.

Funk, Carolyn L. 1996. The impact of scandal on candidate evaluations: An experimental test ofthe role of candidate traits. Political Behavior, 18, 1-24.

Funk, Carolyn L. 1997. "Implications of Political Expertise in Candidate Trait Evaluations." Political Research Quarterly, 50(September): 675-697.

Gilbert, Daniel T. 1998. “Ordinary Personology.” In Daniel Gilbert, Susan T. Fiske, andGardner Lindzey, eds., The Handbook of Social Psychology (Volume Two, 4th Edition,pp. 89 - 150). Boston: McGraw Hill.

Gilens, Martin. 1988. Gender and support for Reagan: A comprehensive model of presidentialapproval. American Journal of Political Science, 32, 19-50.

Glass, D.P. 1985. Evaluating political candidates: Who focuses on their personal attributes? Public Opinion Quarterly, 49, 517-534.

Glasgow, Garrett, and R. Michael Alvarez. 2000. “Uncertainty and Candidate Personality Traits.”American Politics Quarterly, 28(January): 26-4.

Gonzales, Marti Hope, Margaret Bull Kovera, John L. Sullivan, and Virginia Chanley. 1995. "Private Reactions to Public Transgressions: Predictors of Evaluative Responses toAllegations of Political Misconduct." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,21(February): 136-148.

Goren, Paul. 2002. “Character Weakness, Partisan Bias, and Presidential Evaluation.” AmericanJournal of Political Science, 46(July): 627 - 641. [also negativity]

Goren, Paul. 2007. “Character Weakness, Partisan Bias, and Presidential Evaluation:Modifications and Extensions.” Political Behavior, 29(September): 305 - 326.

Hart, William, Victor C. Ottati, and Nathaniel D. Krumdick. 2011. “Physical Attractiveness andCandidate Evaluation: A Model of Correction.” Political Psychology, 32(April): 181 -204.

Hartman, Todd K., and Dama J. Newmark. 2012. “Motivated Reasoning, PoliticalSophistication, and Associations between President Obama and Islam.” PS: PoliticalScience & Politics, 45(July): 449 - 455.

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Hayes, Danny. 2005. “Candidate Qualities through a Partisan Lens: A Theory of TraitOwnership.” American Journal of Political Science, 49(October): 924 - 938.

Highton, Benjamin. 2012. “Updating Political Evaluations: Policy Attitudes, Partisanship, andPresidential Assessments.” Political Behavior, 34(March): 57 - 78.

Holbrook, Allyson L. Jon A. Krosnick, Penny S. Visser, Wendi L. Gardner, and John T.Cacioppo. 2001. “Attitudes toward Presidential Candidates and Political Parties: InitialOptimism, Inertial First Impressions, and a Focus on Flaws.” American Journal ofPolitical Science, 45(October): 930 - 950.

Horiuchi, Yusaku, Tadashi Komatsu, and Fumio Nakaya. 2012. “Should Candidates Smile toWin elections? An Application of Automated Face Recognition Technology.” PoliticalPsychology, 33(December): 925 - 934.

Huddy, Leonie, and Terkildsen, N. 1993. The consequences of gender stereotypes for womencandidates at different levels and types of office. Political Research Quarterly, 46, 503-525.

Jacobs, L.R., and Shapiro, R.Y. 1994. Issues, candidate image, and priming: The use of privatepolls in Kennedy's 1960 presidential campaign. American Political Science Review, 88,527-540.

Kahn, Kim F. 1992. Does being male help?: An investigation of gender biases in U.S.presidential races. Journal of Politics, 52, 497-517.

Kahn, Kim F. 1994. Does gender make a difference? An experimental examination of sexstereotypes and press patterns if statewide campaigns. American Journal of PoliticalScience, 38, 162-195.

Kahn, Kim F. 1994. The distorted mirror: Press coverage of women candidates for statewideoffice. Journal of Politics, 56, 154-173.

Kahn, Kim F., and Golderberg, E.N. 1991. Women candidates in the news: An examination ofgender differences in U.S. senate campaign coverage. Public Opinion Quarterly, 55,180-199.

Kam, Cindy D., and Elizabeth J. Zechmeister. 2013. “Name Recognition and CandidateSupport.” American Journal of Political Science, 57(October): 971 - 986.

Keeter, Scott. 1987. The illusion of intimacy: Television and the role of candidate personalqualities in voter choice. Public Opinion Quarterly, 51, 344-359.

Kelley, Stanley, Jr., and Thad W. Mirer. 1974. “The Simple Act of Voting.” American PoliticalScience Review, 68(June): 572-591.

Kenney, P.J., and Rice, T.W. 1988. Presidential pre-nomination preferences and candidateevaluations. American Political Science Review, 82, 1309-1320.

Kim, Young Mie, and Kelly Garrett. 2012. “On-line and Memory-based: Revisiting theRelationship Between Candidate Evaluation Processing Models.” Political Behavior,34(June): 345 - 368.

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Kinder, Donald R. 1986. “Presidential Character Revisited.” In Richard R. Lau and David O.Sears, eds., Political Cognition: The 19th Annual Carnegie Symposium on Cognition (pp.233-256). Hillsboro, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Kinder, Donald R., Fiske, Susan T., and Wagner, Randal G. 198x. “Presidents in the PublicMind.” In ???

Kinder, Donald R., Peters, M.D., Abelson, R.P., and Fiske, S.T. 1980. Presidential prototypes. Political Behavior, 2, 315-338.

Koch, Jeffrey W. 2000. “Do Citizens Apply Gender Stereotypes to Infer Candidates’ IdeologicalOrientations?” Journal of Politics, 62(May): 414 - 429.

Lane, Robert E. 1978. Interpersonal relations and leadership in a "cold society." ComparativePolitics, 10, 443-459.

Laustsen, Lasse. 2014. “Decomposing the Relationship betweenn Candidates’ FacialAppearance and Electoral Success.” Political Behavior, 36(December): 777 - 791.

Lavine, Howard. 2001. “The Electoral Consequences of Ambivalence Toward PresidentialCandidates.” American Journal of Political Science, 45(October): 915 - 929.

Leeper, M.S. 1991. The impact of prejudice on female candidates: An experimental look at voterinference. American Politics Quarterly, 19, 248-261.

Leeper, Thomas J. 2014. “Cognitive Style and the Survey Response.” Public OpinionQuarterly, 78 (Winter): 974 - 983. #Online model paper

Lerman, Amy E., Katherine T. McCabe, and Meredith L. Sadin. 2015. “Political Ideology, SkinTone, and the Psychology of Candidate Evaluations.” Public Opinion Quarterly, 79(Spring): 53 - 90.

Letzring, T.D., S.M. Wells, and David C. Funder. 2006. “Information Quantity and QualityAffect the Realistic Accuracy of Personality Judgment.” Journal of Personality andSocial Psychology, 91(July): 111-123.

Little, A.C., R. Pl Burriss, B.C. Jones, and S.C. Roberts. 2007. “Facial Appearance AffectsVoting Decisions.” Evolution and Human Behavior, 28(1)” 18 - 27.

Lodge, Milton. 1995. “Toward a Procedural Model of Candidate Evaluation.” In Milton Lodgeand Kathleen M. McGraw, eds. Political Judgment: Structure and Process (pp. 111 -140). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Lodge, Milton, Stroh, P., and Wahlke, J. 1990. Black-box Models of Candidate Evaluation. Political Behavior, 12, 5-18.

Lodge, Milton, and Charles S. Taber. 2005. “The Automaticity of Affect for Political Leaders,Groups, and Issues: An Experimental Test of the Hot Cognition Hypothesis.” PoliticalPsychology, 26(June): 455 - 482.

Lusk, C.M., and Judd, C.M. 1988. Political expertise and the structural mediators of candidateevaluations. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 24, 105-127.

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MacDonald, S.E., Prothro, J.W., Rabinowitz, G., and Brown, K.J. 1988. Political evocation andstyles of candidate evaluation. Political Behavior, 10, 117-135.

McCaul, Kevin D., Rob E. Ployhart, Verlin B. Hinsz, and Harriette S. McCaul. 1995. "Appraisals of a Consistent Versus a Similar Politician: Voter Preferences and IntuitiveJudgments." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(February): 292-299.

McConnell, Allen R., Steven J. Sherman, and David L. Hamilton. 1994. "On-Line and Memory-Based Aspects of Individual and Group Target Judgments." Journal of Personality andSocial Psychology, 67(August): 173-185.

McCurley, C., and Mondak, J.J. 1995. “Inspected by #1184063113: The influence ofincumbents’ competence and integrity in U.S. House elections.” American Journal ofPolitical Science, 39, 864-885.

McDermott, Monika L. 1997. “Voting Cues in Low-Information Elections: Candidate Genderas a Social Information Variable in Contemporary United States Elections.” AmericanJournal of Political Science, 41(January): 270-283.

McGraw, Kathleen M., Mark Fishle, Karen Stenner, and Milton Lodge. 1996. "What's in aWord? Bias in Trait Descriptions of Political Leaders." Political Behavior,18(September): 263-288.

McGraw, Kathleen M., Milton Lodge, and Jeffrey M. Jones. 2002. “The Pandering Politicians ofSuspicious Minds.” Journal of Politics, 64(May): 362 - 383.

McGraw, Kathleen M., and Marco Steenbergen. 1995. “Pictures in the Head: MemoryRepresentations of Political Candidates.” In Milton Lodge and Kathleen M. McGraw,eds. Political Judgment: Structure and Process (pp. 15 - 42). Ann Arbor: University ofMichigan Press.

McGraw, Kathleen M., Lodge, M., and Stroh, P. 1990. On-line processing in candidateevaluation: The effects of issue order, issue importance, and sophistication. PoliticalBehavior, 12, 41-58.

McGraw, Kathleen M., Timpone, R., and Bruck, G. 1993. Justifying controversial politicaldecisions: Home Style in the laboratory. Political Behavior, 15, 289-308.

Merolla, Jennifer L., and Elizabeth J. Zechmeister. 2009. “Terrorist Threat, Leadership, and theVote: Evidence from Three Experiments.” Political Behavior, 31(December): 575 - 602.

Miller, Arthur H., Wattenberg, M.P., and Malanchuk, O. 1986. “Schematic Assessments ofPresidential Candidates.” American Political Science Review, 80, 521-540.

Miller, Beth. 2010. “The Effects of Scandalous Information on Recall of Policy-RelatedInformation.” Political Psychology, 31(December): 887 - 914.

Mitchell, Dona-Gene. 2014. “Here Today, Gone Tomorrow? Assessing How Timing andRepetition of Scandal Information Affects Candidate Evaluations.” Political Psychology,35 (October): 679 - 702.

Moskowitz, David, and Patrick Stroh. 1996. Expectation-Driven Assessments of PoliticalCandidates." Political Psychology, 17 (December): 695-712.

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Nir, Lilach. 2011. “Motivated Reasoning and Public Opinion Perception.” Public OpinionQuarterly, 75(Fall): 504 - 532.

Nygren, T.E., and Jones, L.E. 1977. Individual differences in perceptions and preferences forpolitical candidates. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 13, 182-197.

Peffley, M. 1989. Presidential image and economic performance: A dynamic analysis. PoliticalBehavior, 11, 309-334.

Plutzer, Eric, and John F. Zipp. 1996. "Identity Politics, Partisanship, and Voting for Women." Public Opinion Quarterly, 60(Spring): 30-57.

Rahn, Wendy M. 1993. “The role of partisan stereotypes in information processing aboutpolitical candidates.” American Journal of Political Science, 37, 472-496.

Rahn, Wendy M. 1995. “Candidate Evaluation in Complex Information Environments: Cognitive Organization and Comparison Process.” In Milton Lodge and Kathleen M.McGraw, eds. Political Judgment: Structure and Process (pp. 43 - 64). Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press.

Rahn, W.M., Aldrich, J.H., and Borgida, E. 1994. Individual and contextual variations inpolitical candidate appraisal. American Political Science Review, 88, 193-199.

Rahn, W.M., Aldrich, J.H., Borgida, E., and Sullivan, J.L. 1991. A social-cognitive model ofcandidate appraisal. In J.A. Ferejohn and J.H. Kuklinski (Eds.) Information anddemocratic processes (pp.136-159). Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Rahn, W.M., Krosnick, J.A., and Breuning, M. 1994. Rationalization and derivation processes insurvey studies of political candidate evaluation. American Journal of Political Science,38, 582-600.

Redlawsk, David P. 2001. “You Must Remember This: A Test of the On-line Model of Voting.”Journal of Politics, 63(February): 29 - 58.

Rosenberg, S.W., Bohan, L, McCafferty, P.L., and Harris, K. 1986. The image and the vote: The effect of candidate presentation on voter preference. American Journal of PoliticalScience, 30, 108-127.

Rosenberg, S.W., and McCafferty, P. 1987. The image and the vote: Manipulating voters'preferences. Public Opinion Quarterly, 51, 31-48.

Rosenberg, S.W., Kahn, S., and Tran, T. 1991. Creating a political image: Shaping appearanceand manipulating the vote. Political Behavior, 13, 345-367.

Rudolph, Thomas J. 2011. “The Dynamics of Ambivalence.” American Journal of PoliticalScience, 55(July): 561 - 573.

Sherman, R.C., and Ross, L.B. 1972. Liberalism-conservatism and dimensional salience in theperception of political figures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 23, 120-127.

Shultz, Cindy, and S. Mark Pancer. 1997. "Character Attacks and their Effects on Perceptions ofMale and Female Political Candidates." Political Psychology, 18(March): 93-102.

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Shyles, L. 1984. Defining "images" of presidential candidates from televised political spotadvertisements. Political Behavior, 6, 171-182.

Sigelman, C.K., Sigelman, L., Walkosz, B., and Nitz, M. 1995. Black candidates, white voters:Understanding racial bias in political perceptions. American Journal of Political Science,39, 243-265.

Smith, Elizabeth S., Ashleigh Smith Powers, and Gustavo A. Suarez. 2005. “If Bill ClintonWere a Woman: The Effectiveness of Male and Female Politicians’ Account StrategiesFollowing Alleged Transgressions.” Political Psychology, 26(February): 115 - 134.

Snyder, G.A. 1979. Assessing the candidate preference function. American Journal of PoliticalScience, 23, 732-754.

Stoker, L. 1993. Judging presidential character: The demise of Gary Hart. Political Behavior,15, 193-224.

Terkildsen, N. 1993. “When White Voters Evaluate Black Candidates: The ProcessingImplications of Candidate Skin Color, Prejudice, and Self-Monitoring.” AmericanJournal of Political Science, 37(November): 1032 - 1053.

Todorov, A., A.N. Mandisodza, A. Goren, and C.C. Hall. 2005. “Inferences of Competencefrom Faces Predict Election Outcomes.” Science, 308(5728): 1623 - 1626.

Weber, Christopher, and Matthew Thornton. 2012. “Courting Christians: How PoliticalCandidates Prime Religious Considerations in Campaign Ads.” Journal of Politics,74(April): 400 - 413.

Willis, G., and A. Todorov. 2006. “First Impressions: Making Up Your Mind After 100 msExposure to a Face.” Psychological Science, 17(7): 592 - 598.

Wyer, Jr., R.S., Budesheim, T.L., Shavitt, S., Riggle, E.D., Melton, R.J., and Kuklinski, J.H.1991. “Images, issues, and ideology: The processing of information about politicalcandidates.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 533-545.

See symposium on Political Scandal in American Politics, PS Political Science &Politics, 2014, 47(April): 7 short articles.

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Date Topic

Oct. 19 Political Cognition

Reading: Taber, Charles S., and Everett Young. 2013. “Political Information Processing.” Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology, Ch. 17.

Conover, Pamela J., and Stanley Feldman. 1984. “How People Organize TheirPolitical World: A Schematic Model.” American Journal of PoliticalScience, 28 (February): 95-126.

Lau, Richard R., and David P. Redlawsk. 2001. “Advantages and Disadvantagesof Using Cognitive Heuristics in Political Decision Making.” AmericanJournal of Political Science, 45(October): 951 - 971.

Kim, Sung-youn, Charles s. Taber, and Milton Lodge. 2010. “A ComputationalModel of the Citizen as Motivated Reasoner: Modeling the Dynamics ofthe 2000 Presidential Election.” Political Behavior, 32(March): 1 - 28.

Boudreau, Cheryl. 2009. “Closing the Gap: When Do Cues EliminateDifferences between Sophisticated and Unsophisticated Citizens?” Journal of Politics, 71(July): 964 - 976.

Peterson, Michael Bang, and Lene Aaroe. 2013. Politics in the Mind’s Eye:Imagination as a Link between Social and Political Cognition.” AmericanPolitical Science Review, 107(May): 275 - 293.

Optional:

Albertson, Bethany L. 2011. “Religious Appeals and Implicit Attitudes.” Political Psychology,32(February): 109 - 130.

Allen, R.L., Dawson, M.C., and Brown, R. 1989. “A Schema-based Approach to Modeling an

African-American Racial Belief System.” American Political Science Review, 83,421-442.

Arceneaux, Kevin. 2008. “Can Partisan Cues Diminish Democratic Accountability?” PoliticalBehavior, 30(June): 139 - 160.

Arceneaux, Kevin, and Robin Kolodny. 2009. “Educating the Least Informed: GroupEndorsements in a Grassroots Campaign.” American Journal of Political Science,53(October): 755 - 770.

Atkeson, Lonna Rae. 2003. “Not all Cues Are Created Equal: The Conditional Impact of FemaleCandidates on Political Engagement.” Journal of Politics, 65(November): 1040:1061.

Baldassarri, D., and H. Schadee. 2006. “Voter Heuristics and Political Cognition in Italy: AnEmpirical Typology.” Electoral Studies, 25(3): 448-466.

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Bassili, John N. 1995. “On the Psychological Reality of Party Identification: Evidence from theAccessibility of Voting Intentions and of Partisan Feelings.” Political Behavior, 17, 339-358.

Bassili, John N. 1995. "Response Latency and the Accessibility of Voting Intentions: WhatContributes to Accessibility and How It Affects Vote Choice." Personality and SocialPsychology Bulletin, 21(July): 686-695.

Bassili, John N., and B. Stacey Scott. 1996. "Response Latency as a Signal to QuestionProblems in Survey Research. Public Opinion Quarterly, 60(Fall): 390-399.

Beer, F.A., Healy, A.F., Sinclair, G.P., and Bourne, L.E. Jr. 1987. “War Cues and Foreign PolicyActs.” American Political Science Review, 81(September): 701-717.

Berinski, Adam, and Tali Mendelberg. 2005. “The Indirect Effects of Discredited Stereotypes inJudgments of Jewish Leaders.” American Journal of Political Science, 49(October): 845 - 864.

Bolland, J.M. 1985. “The Structure of Political Cognition: A New Approach to its Meaning andMeasurement.” Political Behavior, 7, 248-265.

Bolsen, Toby, James N. Druckman, and Fay Lomax Cook. 2014. “The Influence of PartisanMotivated Reasoning on Public Opinion.” Political Behavior, 36(June): 235 - 262/

Boudreau, Cheryl. 2009. “Closing the Gap: When Do Cues Eliminate Differences betweenSophisticated and Unsophisticated Citizens?” Journal of Politics, 71(July): 964 - 976.

Brockington, David. 2003. “A Low Information Theory of Ballot Position Effect.” PoliticalBehavior: 25(March): 1-28.

Burton, S., and Blair, E. (1991). Task conditions, response formulation processes, and responseaccuracy for behavioral frequency questions in surveys. Public Opinion Quarterly, 55,50-79.

Boynton, G.R. and Lodge, M. 1990. Guest editors' note. Political Behavior, 12, 1-4.

Carnes, Nicholas, and Meredith L. Sadin. 2015. “The ‘Mill Worker’s Son Heuristic: HowVoters Perceive Politicians from Working-Class Families – and How They Really Behavein Office.” Journal of Politics, 77 (January): 285 - 298.

Coan, Travis G., Jennifer L., Merolla, Laura B. Stephenson, and Elizabeth J. Zechmeister. 2008. “It’s Not Easy Being Green: Minor Party Labels as Heuristic Aids.” PoliticalPsychology, 29(June): 389 - 406.

Cutler, Fred. 2002. “The Simplest Shortcut of All: Sociodemographic Characteristics andElectoral Choice.” Journal of Politics, 64(May): 466 - 490.

Dancey, Logan, and Geoffrey Sheagley. 2013. “Heuristics Behaving Badly: Party Cues andVoter Knowledge.” American Journal of Political Science, 57(April): 312 - 325,

DeSart, J.A. 1995. “Information processing and partisan neutrality: A reexamination of the partydecline thesis.” Journal of Politics, 57, 776-795.

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Ditonto, Tessa M., Richard R. Lau, and David O. Sears. 2013. “AMPing Racial Attitudes:Comparing the Power of Explicit and Implicit Racism Measures in 2008.” PoliticalPsychology, 34(August): 487 - 510.

Druckman, James N. 2001. “On the Limits of Framing Effects: Who Can Frame?” Journal ofPolitics, 63(November): 1041 - 1066.

Erber, Ralph, and Richard R. Lau. 1990. “Political Cynicism Revisited: An Information-Processing Reconciliation of Policy-based and Incumbency-based Interpretations ofChanges in Trust in Government.” American Journal of Political Science, 34, 236-253.

Fiske, Susan T., Kinder, Donald R., and Larter, W.M. 1983. “The Novice and the Expert: Knowledge Based Strategies in Political Cognition.” Journal of Experimental SocialPsychology, 19, 381-400.

Friedman, Ronald S., and Barbara Sutton. 2013. “Selling the War? System-Justifying Effects ofCommercial Advertising on Civilian Casualty Tolerance.” Political Psychology,34(June): 351 - 368.

Glaser, Jack, and Christopher Finn. 2013. “How and Why Implicit Attitudes Should AffectVoting.” PS Political Science & Politics, 46(July): 537 - 544.

Hamill, Ruth, and Milton Lodge. 1986. “Cognitive Consequences of Political Sophistication.” In Richard R. Lau and David O. Sears, (Eds.), Political cognition: The 19th annualCarnegie symposium on cognition (pp. 69-93). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Hamill, Ruth, Milton Lodge, and Blake, F. 1985. “The Breadth, Depth, and Utility of Class,Partisan, and Ideological Schemata.” American Journal of Political Science, 29, 850-870.

Herrmann, Richard. 1986. “The Power of Perceptions in Foreign Policy Decision Making.” American Journal of Political Science, 30, 841-875.

Holbrook, Thomas M. 2006. “Cognitive Style and Political Learning in the 2000 U.S.Presidential Campaign.” Political Research Quarterly, 59(3): 343-352.

Hurwitz, John, and Mark Peffley. 1987. “How Are Foreign Policy Attitudes Structured?”American Political Science Review, 81, 1099-1121.

Jacoby, William G. 1988. “The Sources of Liberal-Conservative Thinking: Education andConceptualization.” Political Behavior, 10, 316-332.

Jost, John T., Jim Glaser, Arie W. Kruglanski, and F.J. Sulloway. 2003. “Political Conservatismas Motivated Social Cognition.” Psychological Bulletin, 129(3): 339 - 375.

Kam, Cindy D. 2005. “Who Toes the Party Line? Cues, Values, and Individual Differences.” Political Behavior, 27(June): 163 - 182. [Relevant to 4 Models]

Kam, Cindy D., and Stephen M. Utych. 2011. “Close Elections and Cognition Engagement.” Journal of Politics, 73(October): 1251 - 1266. #Information Search

Koch, Jeffrey W. 2001. “When Parties and Candidates Collide: Citizen Perception of HouseCandidates’ Positions on Abortion.” Public Opinion Quarterly, 65(Spring): 1 - 21.

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Ksiazkiewicz, Aleksander, and James Hedrick. 2013. “An Introduction to Implicit Attitudes inPolitical Science Research.” PS Political Science & Politics, 46(July): 525 - 531.

Kuklinski, James H., Luskin, R.C., and Bolland, J. 1991. “Where Is the Schema? Going Beyondthe "S" Word in Political Psychology.” American Political Science Review, 85, 1341-1356. See also following rebuttals by Lodge and McGraw, Conover and Feldman, andMiller.

Lau, Richard R. 1986. “Political Schemata, Candidate Evaluations, and Voting Behavior.” InRichard R. Lau and David O. Sears, (Eds.), Political cognition: The 19th annualCarnegie symposium on cognition (pp 95-125). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Lau, Richard R. 1989. “Construct Accessibility and Electoral Choice.” Political Behavior11(March): 5-32.

Lau, Richard R. 1990. “Political Motivation and Political Cognition.” In E.T. Higgins and R.M.Sorrentino, (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition (Vol. 2, pp. 297-329). NewYork: Guilford.

Lau, Richard R., and Erber, Ralph E. 1985. “An Information Processing Perspective on PoliticalSophistication.” In S. Kraus and R. Perloff (Eds.) Mass Media and Political Thought (pp17-39). Beverly Hills: Sage.

Lau, Richard R., and David P. Redlawsk. 2008. “Older but Wiser? Effects of Age on PoliticalCognition.” Journal of Politics, 70(January): 168 - 185.

Leeper, Thomas J. and Rune Slothuus. 2014. “Political Parties, Motivated Reasoning, andPublic Opinion Formation.” Advances in Political Psychology, 35, Supplement1(February): 129 - 156.

Lodge, Milton and Ruth Hamill. 1986. “A Partisan Schema for Political InformationProcessing.” American Political Science Review, 80(June): 505-519.

McDermott, Monika L. 2005. “Candidate Occupations and Voter Information Shortcuts.” Journal of Politics, 67(February): 201 - 219.

McDermott, Monika L. 2006. “Not for Members Only: Group Endorsements as ElectoralInformation Cues.” Political Research Quarterly, 59(2): 249-258.

McGraw, Kathleen M. 2000. “Contribution of the Cognitive Approach to Political Psychology.”Political Psychology, 21(December): 805 - 832.

McGraw, Kathleen M., and M. Dolan. 2007. “Personifying the State.” Political Psychology,28(June): 299 - 327. [relevant to online vs memory-based processing]

Milburn, Michael A. 1987. “Ideological Self-schemata and Schematically Induced AttitudeConsistency.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 23, 383-399.

Miler, Kristina C. 2009. “The Limitations of Heuristics for Political Elites.” PoliticalPsychology, 30(December): 863 - 894.

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Miller, Arthur H. 1986. “Partisan Cognitions in Transition.” In Richard R. Lau and David O.Sears, (Eds.), Political cognition: The 19th annual Carnegie symposium on cognition(pp. 203-231). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Miller, Beth. 2013. “Failing to Recall: Examining the Effects of Trace Decay and Interferenceon Memory for Campaign Information.” Political Psychology, 34(June): 289 - 306.

Mondak, Jeffrey. 1994. “Cognitive Heuristics, Heuristic Processing, and Efficiency in PoliticalDecision Making.” In Michael Delli Carpini, Leonie Huddy, and Robert Shapiro (Eds)Micropolitics: New Directions in Political Psychology. Greenwhich, CT: JAI Press.

Morris, James Pl, Nancy K. Squires, Charles S. Taber, and Milton Lodge. 2003. “Activation ofPolitical Attitudes: A Psychophysiological Examination of the Hot CognitionHypothesis.” Political Psychology, 24(December): 727 - 746.

Norpoth, Helmut, and Buchanan, B. 1992. Wanted: The education President. Issue trespassingby political candidates. Public Opinion Quarterly, 56, 87-99.

Petersen, Michael Bang, Martin Skow, Soren Seeritzler, and Thomas Ramsoy. 2013. “Motivated Reasoning and Political Parties: Evidence for Increased Processing in theFace of Party Cues.” Political Behavior, 35(December): 831 - 854.

Richardson, B.M. 1988. “Constituency Candidates Versus Parties in Japanese Voting Behavior.”American Political Science Review, 82, 695-718.

Richey, Sean. 2008. “The Social Basis of Correct Voting.” Political Communication, 25(4):366 - 376.

Rivers, Doug. 1988. “Heterogeneity in Models of Electoral Choice.” American Journal ofPolitical Science, 32, 737-757.

Roccato, Michele, and Cristina Zogmaister. 2010. “Predicting the Vote through Implicit andExplicit Attitudes: A Field Research.” Political Psychology, 31(April): 249 - 274.

Rosenberg, Shawn W. 1988. “The Structure of Political Thinking.” American Journal ofPolitical Science, 32, 539-566.

Ryan, John Barry. 2011. “Social Networks as a Shortcut to Correct Voting.” American Journalof Political Science, 55(October): 753 - 766.

Schaffner, Brian F., and Matthew J. Streb. 2002. “The Partisan Heuristic in Low-InformationElections.” Public Opinion Quarterly, 66(Winter): 559 - 581.

Sears, David O., Huddie, L, and Schafer, L.G. 1986. “A Schematic Variant of Symbolic PoliticsTheory.” In Richard R. Lau and David O. Sears, (Eds.), Political cognition: The 19thannual Carnegie symposium on cognition (pp. 159-202). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Sharp, C., and Lodge, M. 1985. “Partisan and Ideological Belief Systems: Do They Differ?”Political Behavior, 7, 147-166.

Slothuus, Rune, and Claes H. de Vreese. 2010. “Political Parties, Motivated Reasoning, andIssue Framing Effects.” Journal of Politics, 72(July): 630 - 645.

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Taber, Charles S. 2003. “Information Processing and Public Opinion.” In David O. Sears,Leonie Huddy, and Robert Jervis (Eds.) Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology (pp433 - 476). New York: Oxford University Press.

Tetlock, Philip E. 1993. “Cognitive Structural Analysis of Political Rhetoric: Methodologicaland Theoretical Issues." In S. Iyengar and M.J. McGuire (Eds.), Explorations in PoliticalPsychology. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Vertzberger, Yaacov Y.I. 1993. The World in their Minds: Information Processing, Cognition,and Perception in Foreign Policy Decisionmaking. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

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Date Topic

Oct. 26 IV. (IMPLICIT) EMOTIONAL RESPONSES IN POLITICS

Reading: Brader, Ted, and George E. Marcus. 2013. “Emotions and Political Psychology.”Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology, Ch. 6.

Huddy, Leonie, Stanley Feldman, Charles Taber, and Gallya Lahav. 2005. “Threat, Anxiety, and Support of Antiterrorism Policies.” AmericanJournal of Political Science, 49(July): 593 - 608.

Valentino, Nicholas A., Ted Brader, Eric W. Groenendyk, Krysha Gregorowicz,and Vincent L. Hutchings. 2011. “Election Night’s Alright for Fighting:The Role of Emotions in Political Participation.” Journal of Politics,73(January): 156 - 170.

Burdein, Inna, Milton Lodge, and Charles Taber. 2006. “Experiments on theAutomaticity of Political Beliefs and Attitudes.” Political Psychology,27(June): 359 - 371.

Redlawsk, David P., Andrew J. W. Civettini, and Karen M. Emmerson. 2010. “The Affective Tipping Point: Do Motivated Reasoners Ever ‘Get It’?” Political Psychology, 31(August): 563 - 594.

I want someone to do their annotated bibliography on Marcus et al’s book:

Marcus, George E., W. Russell Neuman, and Michael B. MacKuen. 2000. Affective Intelligenceand Political Judgment. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Controversy:

Ladd, Jonathan McDonald, and Gabriel S. Lenz. 2008. Reassessing the Role ofAnxiety in Vote Choice.” Political Psychology, 29(April): 275 - 296.

(See also responses by Marcus et al, and Brader, to Ladd & Lenz, andrejoinder by Ladd and Lenz, in Political Psychology, 32, April.)

Optional:

A good recent summary of the psychological literature on emotions is provided by:

Keltner, Dacher, and Jennifer S. Lerner. 2010. “Emotion.” In Susan T. Fiske, Daniel T. Gilbert,and Gardner Lindzey (eds) Handbook of Social Psychology (5th edition, Volume 1,Chapter 9, pp 317 - 352). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Also worth a look:

Abelson, R., Kinder, D., Peters, M., and Fiske, S. 1982. Affective and semantic components inpolitical person perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 619-630.

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Arceneaux, Kevin. 2012. “Cognitive Biases and the Strength of Political Arguments.” American Journal of Political Science, 56(April): 271 - 285.

Banks, Antoine J. 2014. “The Public’s Anger: White Racial Attitudes and Opinions TowardHealth Care Reform.” Political Behavior, 36(September): 493 - 514.

Banks, Antoine J., and Melissa A. Bell. 2013. “Racialized Campaign Ads: The EmotionalContent in Implicit Racial Appeals Primes White Racial Attitudes.” Public OpinionQuarterly, 77(Summer): 549 - 560.

Banks, Antoine J, and Nicholas A. Valentino. 2012. “Emotional Substrates of White RacialAttitudes.” American Journal of Political Science, 56(April): 286 - 297.

Bar-Tal, Daniel. 2001. “Why Does Fear Override Hope in Societies Engulfed by IntractableConflict, as It Does in the Israeli Society?” Political Psychology, 22(September): 601 -628.

Beukeboom, Camiel J., and Gun R. Semin. 2006. “How Mood Turns on Language.” Journal ofExperimental Social Psychology, 42(September): 553 - 566.

Bickford, Susan. 2011. “Emotion Talk and Political Judgment.” Journal of Politics,73(October): 1025 - 1037.

Birnbaum, M.H. 1981. Thinking and feeling: A skeptical review. American Psychologist, 36,99-101.

Brader, Ted. 2005. “Striking a Responsive Chord: How Political Ads Motivate and PersuadeVoters by Appealing to Emotions.” American Journal of Political Science, 49(April): 388 - 405.

Brader, Ted, Nicholas A. Valentino, and Elizabeth Suhay. 2008. “What Triggers PublicOpposition to Immigration? Anxiety, Group Cues, and Immigration Threat.” AmericanJournal of Political Science, 52(October): 959 - 978.

Branton, Regina, Erin C. Cassese, Bradford S. Jones, and Chad Westerland. 2011. “All Alongthe Watchtower: Aculturation Fear, Anti-Latino Affect, and Immigration.” Journal ofPolitics, 73(July): 664 - 679.

Brewer, Paul R. 2001. “Value Words and Lizard Brains: Do Citizens Deliberate About Appealsto Their Core Values?” Political Psychology, 22(March): 45 - 64.

Burden, Barry, and Casey A. Klofstad. 2005. “Affect and Cognition in Party Identification.”Political Psychology, 26(December): 869 - 886.

Cacioppo, John T., Wendi L. Gardner, and Gary G. Berntson. 1999. The Affect System HasParallel and Integrative Processing Components: Form Follows Function. Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology, 76(May): 839-855.

Carstensen, Laura L., Derek M. Isaacowitz, and Susan T. Charles. 1999. "Taking TimeSeriously: A Theory of Socioemotional Selectivity." American Psychologist 54(March):165-181.

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Civettini, Andrew J. W., and David P. Redlawsk. 2009. “Voters, Emotions, and Memory.” Political Psychology, 30(February): 125 - 152.

Clark, M.S., and Fiske, S.T., editors. 1982. Affect and cognition: The 17th Annual CarnegieSymposium on Cognition. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Conover, Pamela J., and Stanley Feldman. 1986. “Emotional reactions to the economy.”American Journal of Political Science, 30, 50-78.

DeSteno, D., Richard E. Petty, D. D. Rucker, Daniel T. Wegener, and J. Braverman. 2004. “Discrete Emotions and Persuasion: The Role of Emotion-Induced Expectancies.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(January): 43-56.

Diener, E., and Emmons, R.A. 1984. The independence of positive and negative affect. Journalof Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 1105-1117.

Dolan, Kathleen A., and Thomas M. Holbrook. 2001. “Knowing Versus Caring: The Role ofAffect and Cognition in Political Perceptions.” Political Psychology, 22(March): 27 - 44.

Druckman, James N., and Rose McDermott. 2008. “Emotion and the Framing of RiskyChoice.” Political Behavior, 30(September): 297 - 322.

Dunn, J. R., and M.E. Schweitzer. 2005. “Feeling and Believing: The Influence of Emotion onTrust.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(May): 736-748.

Edwards, Kari, and William von Hippel. 1995. "Hearts and Minds: The Priority of Affectiveversus Cognitive Factors in Person Perception." Personality and Social PsychologyBulletin, 21(October): 996-1011.

Erisen, Cengiz, Milton Lodge, and Charles S. Taber. 2014. “Affective Contagion in EffortfulPolitical Thinking.” Political Psychology 35(April): 187 - 206.

Forgas, Joseph P. 2007. “When Sad Is Better than Happy: Negative Affect Can Improve theQuality and Effectiveness of Persuasive Messages and Social Influence Strategies.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43(July): 513 - 528.

Friedman, Howard S., DiMatteo, M. Robin, and Mertz, T.I. 1980. Nonverbal communication ontelevision news: The facial expressions of broadcasters during coverage of a presidentialelection campaign. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 6, 427-435.

Gadarian, Shana Kushner, and Bethany Albertson. 2014. “Anxiety, Immigration, and the Searchfor Information.” Political Psychology 35(April): 133 - 164.

Gawronski, B., E.P. LeBel, and K.P. Peters. 2007. “What Do Implicit Measures Tell Us? Scrutinizing the Validity of Three Common Assumptions.” Perspectives onPsychological Science, 2: 181 - 193.

Goldstein, Miriam D., and Michael J. Strube. 1994. "Independence Revisited: The RelationBetween Positive and Negative Affect in a Naturalistic Setting." Personality and SocialPsychological Bulletin, 20(February): 57-64.

Gray, Jeremy R. 2004. “Integration of Emotion and Cognitive Control.” Current Directions inPsychological Science, 13(2): 46 - 48.

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Green, Donald P., Peter Salovey, and Kathryn M. Truax. 1999. Static, Dynamic, and CausativeBipolarity of Affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(May): 856-867.

Groenendyk, Eris W, and Antoine J. Banks. 2014. “Emotional Rescue: How Affect HelpsPartisans Overcome Collective Action Problems.” Political Psychology, 35(June): 359 -378.

Gross, Kimberly, and Lisa D’Ambrosio. 2004. “Framing Emotional Response.” PoliticalPsychology, 25(February): 1-30.

Hatemi, Peter, and Rose McDermott. 2012. “Policing the Perimeter: Disgust and Purity inDemocratic Debate.” PS Political Science & Politics, 45(October): 675 - 687.

Huddy, Leonie, and Anna H. Gunnthorsdottir. 2000. “The Persuasive Effects of Emotive visualImagery: Superficial Manipulation or the Product of Passionate Reason?” PoliticalPsychology, 21(December): 745 - 778.

Izard, Carroll E., Deborah Z. Libero, Priscilla Putnam, and O. Maurice Haynes. 1993. "Stabilityof Emotion Experiences and Their Relations to Traits of Personality." Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology, 64(May): 847-860.

Kuklinski, J.H., Riggle, E., Ottati, V., Schwarz, N., and Wyer, R.S., Jr. 1991. “ The cognitive andaffective bases of political tolerance judgments.” American Journal of Political Science,35, 1-27.

Koziak, Barbara. 1999. “Homeric Thumos: The Early History of Gender, Emotion, and Politics.”Journal of Politics, 61(November): 1068 - 1091.

Lang, Peter J. 1995. “The emotion probe: Studies of motivation and attention.” AmericanPsychologist, 50 (5), 372-385.

Lanzetta, J.T., Sullivan, D.G., Masters, R.D. and McHugo, G.J. 1985. Emotional an cognitiveresponses to televised images of political leaders. In S. Kraus and R.M Perloff (Eds.)Mass media and political thought: An information-processing approach (pp. 85-116). Beverly Hills: Sage.

Larsen, Jeff T., A. Peter McGraw, and John T. Cacioppo. 2001. “Can People Feel Happy and Sadat the Same Time?” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(October): 684 -696.

Lazarus, R.S. 1982. Thoughts on the relations between emotion and cognition. AmericanPsychologist, 37, 1010-1024.

Lazarus, R.S. 1984. On the primacy of cognition. American Psychologist, 39, 124-129.

LeBel, Etienne P., and Sampo V. Paunonen. 2011. “Sexy But Often Unreliable: The Impact ofUnreliability on the Replicability of Experimental Findings with Implicit Measures.”Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(April): 570 - 583.

Lodge, Milton, and Charles S. Taber. 2005. “The Automaticity of Affect for Political Leaders,Groups, and Issues: An Experimental Test of the Hot Cognition Hypothesis.” PoliticalPsychology, 26(June): 455 - 482.

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Lupia, Arthur, and Jesse O. Menning. 2009. “When Can Politicians Scare Citizens intoSupporting Bad Policies?” American Journal of Political Science, 53(January): 90 - 106.

MacKuen, Michael, Jennifer Wolak, Like Keele, and George E. Marcus. 2010. “CivicEngagements: Resolute Partisanship or Reflective Deliberation.” American Journal ofPolitical Science, 54(April): 440 - 458.

Marcus, G.E. 1988. “The Structure of Emotional Response: 1984 Presidential Candidates.” American Political Science Review, 82, 737-761.

Marcus, George E., and Michael B. MacKuen. 1993. “Anxiety, Enthusiasm, and the Vote: TheEmotional Underpinnings of Learning and Involvement During Presidential Campaigns.” American Political Science Review, 87(September): 672-685.

Marcus, George E., W. Russell Neuman, and Michael B. MacKuen. 2000. Affective Intelligenceand Political Judgment. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Marcus, George E., John L. Sullivan, Elizabeth Theiss-Morse, and Daniel Stevens. 2005. “TheEmotional Foundation of Political Cognition: The Impact of Extrinsic Anxiety on theFormation of Political Tolerance Judgments.” Political Psychology, 26(December): 949- 964.

Masters, R.D. and Sullivan, D.G. 1989. Nonverbal displays and political leadership in Franceand the United States. Political Behavior, 11, 123-156.

McDermott, Rose. 2004. “The Feeling of Rationality: The Meaning of NeuroscientificAdvances for Political Science.” Perspective on Politics, 2(December): 691 - 706.

McHugo, G.J., Lanzetta, J.T., Sullivan, D.G., Masters, R.D., and Englis, B.G. 1985. Emotionalreactions to a political leader's expressive displays. Journal of Personality and SocialPsychology, 49, 1513-1529.

Mellers, B.A. 1981. Feeling more than thinking [Comment]. American Psychologist, 36, 802-803.

Miller, Joanne M., and Jon A. Krosnick. 2004. “Threat as a Motivator of Political Activism: AField Experiment.” Political Psychology, 25(August): 507-524.

Miller, Patrick R. 2011. “The Emotional Citizen: Emotion as a Function of PoliticalSophistication.” Political Psychology, 32(August): 575 - 600.

Morris, James Pl, Nancy K. Squires, Charles S. Taber, and Milton Lodge. 2003. “Activation ofPolitical Attitudes: A Psychophysiological Examination of the Hot CognitionHypothesis.” Political Psychology, 24(December): 727 - 746.

Nadeau, R., Niemi, R.G., and Amato, T. 1995. Emotions, issue importance, and politicallearning. American Journal of Political Science, 39, 558-574.

Neely, Francis. 2007. “Party Identification in Emotional and Political Context: A Replication.” Political Psychology, 28(December): 667 - 688.

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Neumann, Roland, and Fritz Strack. 2000. “Approach and Avoidance: The Influence ofProprioceptive and Exteroceptive Cues on Encoding of Affective Information.” Journalof Personality and Social Psychology 79(July): 39 - 48.

Ottati. V.C., Steenbergen, M.R., and Riggle, E. 1992. The cognitive and affective components ofpolitical attitudes: Measuring the determinants of candidate evaluations. PoliticalBehavior, 14, 423-442.

Park, Jaihyun, and Mahzarin R. Banaji. 2000. “Mood and Heuristics: The Influence of Happy andSad States on Sensitivity and Bias in Stereotyping.” Journal of Personality and SocialPsychology 78(June): 1005 - 1023.

Peterson, Michael Bang. 2010. “Distinct Emotions, Distinct Domains: Anger, Anxiety andPerceptions of Intentionality. Journal of Politics, 72(April): 357 - 365.

Ragsdale, L. 1991. Strong feelings: Emotional responses to presidents. Political Behavior, 13,33-66.

Redlawsk, David P. 2002. “Hot Cognition or Cool Consideration: Testing the Effects ofMotivated Reasoning on Political Decision Making.” Journal of Politics, 64(November):1021 - 1044.

Richards, Jane M., and James J. Gross. 2000. “Emotion Regulation and Memory: The CognitiveCosts of Keeping One’s Cool.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 79(September): 410 - 424.

Ridout, Travis N., and Kathleen Searles. 2011. “It’s My Campaign and I’ll Cry if I Want to:How and When Campaigns Use Emotional Appeals.” Political Psychology, 32(June):439 - 458.

Roseman, I, Abelson, R.P., and Ewing, M.F. 1986. Emotion and political cognition. In RichardR. Lau and David O. Sears, (Eds.), Political cognition: The 19th annual Carnegiesymposium on cognition (pp. 279-294). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Rudman, Laurie A. 2004. “Sources of Implicit Attitudes.” Current Directions in PsychologicalScience, 13(2): 79 - 82.

Rudolf, Thomas J., Amy Gangl, and Dan Stevens. 2000. “The Effects of Efficacy and Emotionson Campaign Involvement.” Journal of Politics, 62(November): 1189 - 1197.

Russell, J. 1980. A circumplex model of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,39, 1161-1178.

Russell, James A., and Lisa Feldman Barrett. 1999. “Core Affect, Prototypical EmotionalEpisodes, and Other Things Called Emotion: Dissecting the Elephant. Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology, 76(May): 805-819.

Ryan, Timothy J. 2012. “What Makes Us Click? Demonstrating Incentives for AngryDiscourse with Digital-Age Field Experiments.” Journal of Politics, 74(October): 1138 -1152.

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Suthammanont, Christina, David A.M. Peterson, Chris T. Owens, and Jan E. Leighley. “TakingThreat Seriously: Prejudice, Principle and Attitudes Toward Racial Policies.” PoliticalBehavior, 32(June): 231 - 254.

Small, Deborah A., and Jennifer S. Lerner. 2008. “Emotional Policy: Personal Sadness andAnger Shape Judgments about a Welfare Case.” Political Psychology, 29(April): 149 -168.

Small, Deborah A., Jennifer S. Lerner, and Baruch Fischhoff. 2006. “Emotion Priming andAttributions for Terrorism: Americans’ Reactions in a National Field Experiment.” Political Psychology, 27(April): 289 - 298.

Stewart, Patrick A., and Pearl K. Ford Dowe. 2013. “Interpreting President Barack Obama’sFacial Displays of Emotion: Revisiting the Dartmouth Group.” Political Psychology,34(June): 369 - 386.

Sullivan, Denis G. 1996. "Emotional Responses to the Nonverbal Behavior of French andAmerican Political Leaders." Political Behavior, 18(September):311-325.

Sullivan, D.G. and Masters, R.D. 1988. "Happy warriors:" Leaders' facial displays, viewers'emotion, and political support. American Journal of Political Science, 32, 345-368.

Taber, Charles, and Milton Lodge. 2006. “Motivated Skepticism in the Evaluation of PoliticalBeliefs.” American Journal of Political Science, 50(October): 755 - 769.

Tilley, James, and Sara B. Hobolt. 2011. “Is the Government to Blame? An Experimental Testof How Partisanship Shapes Perceptions of Performance and Responsibility.” Journal ofPolitics, 73(April): 316 - 330.

Tomkin, S.S. 1982. Affect theory. In P. Ekman (Ed.) Emotion in the human face (2nd ed., pp.353-395). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Valentino, Nicholas A., and Ted Brader. 2011. “The Sword’s Other Edge: Perceptions ofDiscrimination and Racial Policy Opinion after Obama.” Public Opinion Quarterly,75(Summer): 201 - 226.

Valentino, Nicholas A., Krysha Gregorowicz, and Eric W. Groenendyk. 2009. “Efficacy,Emotions and the Habit of Participation.” Political Behavior, 31(September): 307 - 330.

Valentino, Nicholas A., Vincent L. Hutchings, Antoine J. Banks, and Anne K. Davis. 2008. “Isa Worried Citizen a Good Citizen? Emotions, Political Information Seeking andLearning via the Internet.” Political Psychology, 29(April): 247 - 274.

Valentino, Nicholas A., Antoine J. Banks, Vincent L. Hutchings, and Anne K. Davis. 2009. “Selective Exposure in the Internet Age: The Interaction between Anxiety andInformation Utility.” Political Psychology, 30(August): 591 - 614.

Wagner, Markus. 2014. “Fear and Anger in Great Britain: Blame Assignment and Emotional

Reactions to the Financial Crisis.” Political Behavior, 36(September): 683 - 703.

Watson, D. and Tellegen, A. 1985. Toward a consensual structure of mood. PsychologicalBulletin, 98, 219-235.

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Watson, David, David Wiese, Jatin Vaidya, and Auke Tellegen. 1999. “The Two GeneralActivation Systems of Affect: Structural Findings, Evolutionary Considerations, andPsychobiological Evidence.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(May):820-838.

Weinberger, Joel, and Drew Westen. 2008. “RATS. We Should Have Used Clinton:Subliminal Priming in Political Campaigns.” Political Psychology, 29 (October): 631 -652.

Wells, Chris, Justin Reedy, John Gastil, and Carolyn Lee. 2009. “Information Distortion andVoting Choices: The Origins and Effects of Factual Beliefs in Initiative Elections.” Political Psychology, 30(December): 953 - 970.

Wentura, Dirk, Klaus Rothermund, and Peter Bak. 2000. “Automatic Vigilance: The Attention-Grabbing Power of Approach- and Avoidance-Related Social Information.” Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology 78(June): 1024 - 1037.

Winkielman, Piotr, and Kent C. Berridge. 2004. “Unconscious Emotion.” Current Directionsin Psychological Science, 13(3): 120 - 123.

Zajonc, R.B. 1980. Feeling and Thinking: Preferences Need No Inferences. AmericanPsychologist, 35, 151-175.

Zajonc, R.B. 1981. A one-factor mind about mind and emotion. American Psychologist, 36,102-103.

Zajonc, R.B. 1984. On the primacy of affect. American Psychologist, 39, 117-123.

Zajonc, Robert B. 1998. “Emotions.” In Daniel Gilbert, Susan T. Fiske, and Gardner Lindzey,eds., The Handbook of Social Psychology (Volume One, 4th Edition, pp. 591 - 632). Boston: McGraw Hill.

Zevon, M.A., and Tellegin, A. 1982. The structure of mood change: An ideographic/nomothetic analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 111-122.

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V. GROUPS

Date Topic

Nov. 2 The Social Psychology of Groups and Group Relations

Reading: Yzerbyt, Vincent, and Stephanie Demoulin. 2010. “Intergroup Relations.” InSusan T. Fiske, Daniel T. Gilbert, and Gardner Lindzey (eds) Handbook ofSocial Psychology (5th edition, Volume 2, Chapter 28, pp 1024 - 1083). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Eidelson, R.J., and J.I. Eidelson. 2003. “Dangerous Ideas: Five Beliefs thatPropel Groups toward Conflict.” American Psychologist, 58(February):182 - 192.

Huddy, Leonie. 2013. “From Group Identity to Political Cohesion andCommitment.” Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology, Ch. 23.

Klandermans, Bert, and Jacquelien van Stekelenburg. 2013. “Social Movements and the Dynamics of Collective Action.” Oxford Handbook of PoliticalPsychology, Ch. 24.

Optional:

Other good recent summaries of the social psychology literature on intergroup relations areprovided by:

Dovidio, John F., and Samuel L. Gaertner. 2010. “Intergroup Bias.” In Susan T. Fiske, DanielT. Gilbert, and Gardner Lindzey (eds) Handbook of Social Psychology (5th edition,Volume 2, pp 1084 - 1121). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

andFiske, Susan T. 2010. “Interpersonal Stratification: Status, Power, and Subordination.” In

Susan T. Fiske, Daniel T. Gilbert, and Gardner Lindzey (eds) Handbook of SocialPsychology (5th edition, Volume 2, pp 941 - 982). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Also worth a look:

Blascovich, Jim, Natalie A. Wyer, Laura A. Swart, and Jeffrey L. Kibler. 1997. “Racism andRacial Categorization.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(June): 1364-1372.

Bornstein, Tamar K., and Anthony Ziegelmeyer. 2004. “Individual and Group Decisions in theCentipede Game: Are Groups More ‘Rational’ Players?” Journal of Experimental SocialPsychology, 40(September): 599-605.

Branscombe, Nyla R., Michael T. Schmidt, and Richard D. Harvey. 1999. “Perceiving PervasiveDiscrimination Among African Americans: Implications for Group Identification andWell-Being.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(July): 135-149.

Brewer, Marilynn B. 1979. In-group bias in the minimal intergroup situation: A cognitive-motivational analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 307-324.

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Brewer, Marilynn B., and Rupert J. Brown. 1998. “Intergroup Relations.” In Daniel Gilbert,Susan T. Fiske, and Gardner Lindzey, eds., The Handbook of Social Psychology (VolumeTwo, 4th Edition, pp. 554 - 594). Boston: McGraw Hill.

Brewer, Marilynn B., and Wendi Gardner. 1996. "Who Is This 'We'? Levels of CollectiveIdentity and Self Representations.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,71(July): 83-93.

Brewer, Marilynn, Joseph G. Weber, and Barbara Carini. 1995. "Person Memory in IntergroupContexts: Categorization versus Individuation." Journal of Personality and SocialPsychology, 69(July): 29-40.

Burke, P.J. 2004. “Identities and Social Structure.” Social Psychology Quarterly, 67(March): 5-15.

Cadinu, Maria Rosaria, and Myron Rothbart. 1996. "Self-Anchoring and DifferentiationProcesses in the Minimal Group Setting." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,70(April): 661-677.

Cehajic, Sabina, Rupert Brown, and Emanuel Castano. 2008. “Forgive and Forget? Antecedents and Consequences of Intergroup Forgiveness in Bosnia and Herzegovina.” Political Psychology, 29(June): 351 - 368.

Cota, Albert A., Charles R. Evans, Kenneth L. Dion, Lindy Kilik, and R. Stewart Longman.1995. "The Structure of Group Cohesion." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,21(June): 572-580.

Craemer, Thomas. 2008. “Nonconscious Feelings of Closeness toward African Americans andSupport for Pro-Black Policies.” Political Psychology, 29(June): 407 - 436.

Craemer, Thomas. 2010. “Possible Implicit Mechanisms of Minority Representation.” PoliticalPsychology, forthcoming.

Crocker, J. and Luhtanen, R. 1990. Collective self-esteem and ingroup bias. Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology, 58, 60-67.

Deaux, Kay, Anne Reid, Kim Mizrahi, and Kathleen A. Ethier. 1995. "Parameters of SocialIdentity." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(February): 280-291.

Dovidio, John F., and Samuel L. Gaertner. 2010. “Intergroup Bias.” In Susan T. Fiske, DanielT. Gilbert, and Gardner Lindzey (eds) Handbook of Social Psychology (5th edition,Volume 2, Chapter 29, pp 1084 - 1121). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Dovidio, John F., Samuel L. Gaertner, Alice M. Isen, and Robert Lawrence. 1995. "GroupRepresentations and Intergroup Bias: Positive Affect, Similarity, and Group Size." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21(August): 856-865.

Duckitt, John. 2003. “Prejudice and Intergroup Hostility.” In David O. Sears, Leonie Huddy,and Robert Jervis (Eds.). Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology (Chapter 16, pp 559 - 600). New York: Oxford University Press.

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Duckitt, John, and Thobi Mphuthing. 1998. “Group Identification and Intergroup Attitudes: ALongitudinal Analysis in South Africa.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,74(January): 80-85.

Ethier, Kathleen A., and Kay Deaux. 1994. "Negotiating Social Identity When Contexts Change:Maintaining Identification and Responding to Threat." Journal of Personality and SocialPsychology, 67(August): 243-251.

Festinger, Leon. 1954. “A Theory of Social Comparison.” Human Relations, 7, 117-140.

Fiske, Susan T. 2010. “Interpersonal Stratification: Status, Power, and Subordination.” InSusan T. Fiske, Daniel T. Gilbert, and Gardner Lindzey (eds) Handbook of SocialPsychology (5th edition, Volume 2, Chapter 26, pp 941 - 982). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley& Sons.

Fiske, Susan T. 1998. “Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination.” In Daniel Gilbert, Susan T.Fiske, and Gardner Lindzey, eds., The Handbook of Social Psychology (Volume Two, 4th

Edition, pp. 357 - 411). Boston: McGraw Hill.

Forgas, Joseph P., and Klaus Fiedler. 1996. "Us and Them: Mood Effects on IntergroupDiscrimination." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(January): 28-40.

Foster, Mindi D., and Kimberly Matheson. 1995. "Double Relative Deprivation: Combining thePersonal and Political." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21(November):1167-1178.

Gaertner, Lowell, and Chester A. Insko. 2000. “Intergroup Discrimination in the Minimal GroupParadigm: Categorization, Reciprocity, or Fear?” Journal of Personality and SocialPsychology 79(July): 77 - 94.

Halabi, Samer, John F. Dovidio, and Arie Nadler, 2008. “When and How Do High Status GroupMembers Offer Help: Effects of Social Dominance Orientation and Status Threat.” Political Psychology, 29(December): 841 - 858.

Hannagan, Rebecca J., and Christopher W. Larimer. 2010. “Does Gender Composition AffectGroup Decision Outcomes? Evidence from a Laboratory Experiment.” PoliticalBehavior, 32(March): 51 - 68.

Hegarty, Peter, and Felicia Pratto. 2001. “The Effects of Social Category Norms and Stereotypeson Explanations for Intergroup Differences.” Journal of Personality and SocialPsychology 80(May): 723 - 735.

Hewstone, Miles, Mir Rabiul Islam, and Charles M. Judd. 1993. "Models of CrossedCategorization and Intergroup Relations." Journal of Personality and SocialPsychology, 64(May): 779 - 793.

Hyman, H.H., and Singer, E. (Eds.). Readings in Reference Group Theory and Research. NewYork: Free Press.

Implicit Prejudice and Stereotyping: See special section of Journal of Personality and SocialPsychology, November 2001 (Volume 81).

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Islam, Mir Rabiul, and Miles Hewstone. 1993. "Intergroup Attributions and AffectiveConsequences in Majority and Minority Groups." Journal of Personality and SocialPsychology, 64(June): 936-950.

Johnson, Amy L, Matthew T. Crawford, Steven J. Sherman, Abraham M. Rutchick, David L.Hamilton, Mario B. Ferreira, and John V. Petrocelli. 2006. “A Functional Perspective onGroup Memberships: Differential Need Fulfillment in a Group Typology.” Journal ofExperimental Social Psychology, 42(November): 707 - 719.

Jonas, K.J., and K. Sassenberg. 2006. “Knowing How to React: Automatic Response PrimingFrom Social Categories.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(May): 709-721.

Joslyn, Mark R. 1997. “The Public Nature of Personal Opinion: The Impact of CollectiveSentiment on Individual Appraisal.” Political Behavior, 19(December): 337-364.

Klandermans, Bert., Merel Werner, and Marjoka van Doorn. 2008. “Redeeming Apartheid’sLegacy: Collective Guild, Political Ideology, and Compensation.” Political Psychology,29(June): 331 - 350.

Knowles, E.D., and K. Peng. 2005. “White Selves: Conceptualizing and Measuring aDominant-Group Identity.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(August):223 - 241.

Krueger, Joachimm, and Russell W. Clement. 1994. "Memory-Based Judgments About MultipleCategories: A Revision and Extension of Tajfel's Accentuation Theory." Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology, 67(July): 35 - 47.

Lau, Richard R. 1983. "A Preliminary Report on Social Identification, Reference Groups, andPolitical Behavior: The Importance of Social, Political, and Psychological Contexts." Paper delivered at the 1993 Annual Meeting of the American Political ScienceAssociation, Chicago.

Lau, Richard R. 1989. "Individual and Contextual Influences on Group Identification." SocialPsychology Quarterly, 52(September): 220 - 231.

Lee, Yuch-Ting, and Victor Ottati. 1995. "Perceived In-group Homogeneity as a Function ofGroup Membership Salience and Stereotype Threat." Personality and Social PsychologyBulletin, 21(June): 610 - 619.

Levy, Sheir R., Steven J. Stroessner, and Carol S. Dweck. 1998. “Stereotype Formation andEndorsement: The Role of Implicit Theories.” Journal of Personality and SocialPsychology, 74(June): 1421 - 1436.

Linville, Patricia W., Gregory W. Fischer, and Carolyn Yoon. 1996. "Perceived CovariationAmong the Features of Ingroup and Outgroup Members: The Outgroup CovariationEffect." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(March): 421 - 436.

Mummendey, Amelie, Kessler, Thomas, Klink, Andreas, and Mielke, Rosemarie. 1999.“Strategies to Cope with Negative Social Identity: Predictions by Social Identity Theoryand Relative Deprivation Theory.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,76(February): 229 - 245.

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Mullen, B. 1991. “Group Composition, Salience, and Cognitive Representations: ThePhenomenology of Being in a Group.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 27,297 - 323.

Mussweiler, T. 2003. “Comparison Processes in Social Judgment: Mechanisms andConsequences.” Psychological Review, 110(3): 472 - 489.

Newman, Benjamin J., Todd K. Hartman, and Charles S. Taber. 2014. “Social Dominance andthe Cultural Politics of Immigration.” Political Psychology 35(April): 165 - 186.

Noel, Jeffrey G., Daniel L. Wann, and Nyla R. Branscombe. 1995. "Peripheral IngroupMembership Status and Public Negativity Toward Outgroups." Journal of Personalityand Social Psychology, 68(January): 127 - 137.

Ostron, Thomas M., Sandra L. Carpenter, Constantine Sedikides, and Fan Li. 1993. "DifferentialProcessing of In-Group and Out-Group Information." Journal of Personality and SocialPsychology, 64(January): 21 - 34.

Parker, Suzanne L., Glenn R. Parker, and James A. McCann. 2008. “Opinion Taking withinFriendship Networks.” American Journal of Political Science, 52(April): 412 - 420.

Robinson, W. Peter (ed.). 1996. Social Groups and Identities: Developing the Legacy of HenriTajfel.” Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann.

Rothgerber, Hank. 1997. “External Intergroup Threat as an Antecedent to Perceptions of In-Group and Out-Group Homogeneity.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,73(December): 1191 - 1205.

Rothgerber, Hank, and Stephen Worchel. 1997. “The View from Below: Intergroup Relationsfrom the Perspective of the Disadvantaged Group.” Journal of Personality and SocialPsychology, 73(December): 1191 - 1205.

Ruggiero, Karen M., and Donald M. Taylor. 1997. "Why Minority Group Members Perceive orDo Not Perceive the Discrimination that Confronts Them: The Role of Self-Esteem andPerceived Control." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72:(February): 373 -389.

Ryan, Carey S., and Laura M. Bogart. 1997. “Development of New Group Members’ In-Groupand Out-Group Stereotypes: Changes in Perceived Group Variability and Ethnocentrism.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(October): 719 - 732.

"The Self and the Collective." Special issue of Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,20(October).

Sellers, Robert M., Stephanie A. J. Rowley, Tabbye M. Chavous, J. Nicole Shelton, and Mia A.Smith. 1997. “Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity: A Preliminary Investigationof Reliability and Construct Validity.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,73(October): 805 - 815.

Shah, J. 2003. “Automatic for the People: How Representations of Significant Others ImplicitlyAffect Goal Pursuit.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4): 661 - 681

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Simon, Bernd, and David L. Hamilton. 1994. "Self-Stereotyping and Social Context: The Effectsof Relative In-Group Size and In-Group Status." Journal of Personality and SocialPsychology, 66(April): 699 - 711.

Simon, Bernd, Claudia Hastedt, and Brigit Aufderheide. 1997. “When Self-CategorizationMakes Sense: The Role of Meaningful Social Categorization in Minority and MajorityMembers’ Self-Perception.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(August):310 - 320.

Simon, Bernd, Pantaleo, Giuseppe, and Amelie Mummendey. 1995. "Unique Individual orInterchangeable Group Member? The Accentuation of Intragroup Differences VersusSimilarities as an Indicator of the Individual Self Versus the Collective Self." Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology, 69(July): 106 - 119.

Smith, Eliot R., Julie Murphy, and Susan Coats. 1999. “Attachment to Groups: Theory andMeasurement.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(July): 94 - 110.

Stryker, Sheldon. 2007. “Identity Theory and Personality Theory: Mutual Relevance,” Journalof Personality, 75(December): 1083 - 1102.

Tajfel, Henri. 1982. “Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations.” Annual Review ofPsychology, 33, 1 - 39.

Tong, Eddie M.W., and Weining C. Chang. 2008. “Group Entity Belief: An IndividualDifference Construct Based on Implicit Theories of Social Identities.” Journal ofPersonality, 76(August): 707 - 732.

Turner, John C. 1987. Rediscovering the Social Group: A Self-Categorization Theory. NewYork: Blackwell.

VanVugt, M, and C.M. Hart 2004. “Social Identity as Social Glue: The Origins of GroupLoyalty.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(April): 585 - 598.

Vorauer, Jacquie D., Kelley J. Main, and Gordon B. O’Connell. 1998. “How Do IndividualsExpect to be Reviewed by Members of Lower Status Groups? Content and Implicationsof Meta-Stereotypes.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75 (October): 887 -900.

Vugt, Mark Van, and David De Cremer. 1999. “Leadership in Social Dilemmas: The Effects ofGroup Identification on Collective Actions to Provide Public Goods.” Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology, 76(April): 587 - 599.

Waldzus, Sven, Amelie Mummendey, Michael Wenzel, and Ulrike Weber. 2003. “TowardsTolerance: Representations of Superordinate Categories and Perceived IngroupPrototypicality.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39(January): 31 - 47.

Wilder, David A. 1981. “Perceiving Persons as a Group: Categorization and IntergroupRelations.” In D.L Hamilton (ed.) Cognitive processes in stereotyping and intergroupbehavior (pp. 213 - 255). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

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Date Topic

Nov. 9 Political Groups/Political Identities

Reading: Huckfeldt, Robert, Jeffery J. Mondak, et al. 2013. “Networks, Interdependence,and Social Influences in Politics.” Oxford Handbook of PoliticalPsychology, Ch. 21.

Miller, Arthur H., Gurin, P., Gurin, G., and Malanchuk, O. 1981. “GroupConsciousness and Political Participation.” American Journal of PoliticalScience, 25(June): 494-511.

Conover, Pamela J., and Virginia Sapiro. 1993. Gender, feminist consciousness,and war. American Journal of Political Science, 37, 1079-1099.

Huckfeldt, Robert R., Jeanette Morehouse Mendez, and Tracy Osborn. 2004.“Disagreement, Ambivalence, and Engagement: The PoliticalConsequences of Heterogeneous Social Networks.” Political Psychology,25(February): 65-96.

Siegel, David A. 2009. “Social Networks and Collective Action.” AmericanJournal of Political Science, 53(January): 122 - 138.

Brader, Ted, Nicholas A. Valentino, and Elizabeth Suhay. 2008. “What TriggersPublic Opposition to Immigration? Anxiety, Group Cues, and ImmigrationThreat.” American Journal of Political Science, 52(October): 959 - 978.

Optional:

Abdelai, Rawi, Yoshiko M. Herrera, Alastair I. Johnston, and Rose McDermott. 2006. “Identityas a Variable.” Perspectives on Politics, 4(December): 695 - 711.

Aldag, R.J., and Fuller, S.R. 1993. Beyond fiasco: A reappraisal of the groupthink phenomenonand a new model of group decision processes. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 533-552.

Althaus, Scott L., and Kevin Coe. 2011. “Priming Patriots: Social Identity Processes and theDynamics of Public Support for War.” Public Opinion Quarterly, 75(Spring): 65 - 88.

Baybeck, Brady. 2006. “Sorting Out the Competing Effects of Racial Context.” Journal ofPolitics, 68(May): 386 - 396.

Beck, Paul A. 1991. “Voters' intermediation environments in the 1988 presidential contest.” Public Opinion Quarterly, 55, 371-394.

Beck, Paul A. 2002. “Encouraging Political Defections: The Role of Personal DiscussionNetworks in Partisan Desertions to the Opposition Party and Perot Votes in 1992.”Political Behavior: 24(December): 309-338.

Berelson, B.R., Lazarsfeld, P.F., and McPhee, W.N. 1954. Voting: A Study of OpinionFormation in a Presidential Campaign. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

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Bledsoe, T., Welch, S., Sigelman, L., and Combs, M. 1995. “Residential Contest and RacialSolidarity among African Americans.” American Journal of Political Science, 39(May):434-458.

Bolce, Louis, and Gerald De Maio. 1999. “The Anti-Christian Fundamentalist Factor inContemporary Politics.” Public Opinion Quarterly, 63 (Winter): 508-542.

Brader, Ted, Nicholas A. Valentino, and Elizabeth Suhay. 2008. “What Triggers PublicOpposition to Immigration? Anxiety, Group Cues, and Immigration Threat.” AmericanJournal of Political Science, 52(October): 959 - 978.

Brader, Ted, Joshua A. Tucker, and Andrew Therriault. 2014. Cross Pressure Scores: AnIndividual-Level Measure of Cumulative Partisan Pressures Arising from Social GroupMemberships.” Political Behavior, 36(March): 23 - 51.

Brewer, Marilynn B. 2001. “The Many Faces of Social Identity: Implications for PoliticalPsychology.” Political Psychology, 22(March): 115 - 126.

Chong, Dennis, and Dukhong Kim. 2006. “The Experiences and Effects of Economic StatusAmong Racial and Ethnic Minorities.” American Political Science Review, 100(August): 335 - 352.

Chong, Dennis, and Ruel Rogers. 2005. “Racial Solidarity and Political Participation.” Political Behavior, 27(4): 347 - 374.

Citrin, Jack, Amy Lerman, Michael Murakami, and Kathryn Pearson. 2007. “TestingHuntington: Is Hispanic Immigration a Threat to American Identity?” Perspectives onPolitics, 5(March): 31 - 48.

Cohen, Geoffrey L. 2003. “Party Over Policy: The Dominating Impact of Group Influence onPolitical Beliefs.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(November): 808 -822.

Collett, Christian. 2005. “Bloc Voting, Polarization, and the Panethnic Hypothesis: The Case ofLittle Saigon.” Journal of Politics, 67(August): 907 - 933.

Conover, Pamela J. 1984. “The Influence of Group Identifications of Political Perception andEvaluation.” Journal of Politics, 46, 760-785.

Conover, Pamela J. 1988. “The Role of Social Groups in Political Thinking.” British Journal ofPolitical Science, 18(January): 51-76.

Conover, Pamela J., Donald D. Searing, and Ivor Crewe. 2004. “The Elusive Ideal of equalCitizenship: Political Theory and Political Psychology in the United States and GreatBritain.” Journal of Politics, 66(November): 1036 - 1068.

Cook, A.A. 1993. Feminist consciousness and candidate preference among American women,1972-1988. Political Behavior, 15, 227-247.

Davis, Thomas C. 1999. “Revisiting Group Attachment: Ethnic and National Identity.” PoliticalPsychology, 20(March): 25-48.

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Dennis, Jack. 1987. Groups and political behavior: Legitimation, deprivation, and competingvalues. Political Behavior, 9, 323-373.

Dixon, John , Kevin Durrheim, Ciolin G. Tredoux, Linda R. Trapp, Beverley Clack, LibertyEaton, and Michael Quayle. 2010. “Challenging the Stubborn core of Opposition toEquality: Racial Contact and Policy Attitudes.” Political Psychology, 31(December): 830- 856.

Dunleavy, P. 1988. Group identities and individual influence: Reconstructing the theory ofinterest groups. British Journal of Political Science, 18, 21-49.

Eulau, H. 1956. Identification with class and political role behavior. Public Opinion Quarterly,20, 515-529.

Eulau, H., and Rothenberg, L. 1986. Life space and social networks as political contexts.

Political Behavior, 8, 130-157.

Gay, Claudine. 2004. “Putting Race in Context: Identifying the Environmental Determinants ofBlack Racial Attitudes.” American Political Science Review, 98(November): 547-562.

Gibson, James L. 2006. “Do Strong Group Identities Fuel Intolerance? Evidence from theSouth African Case.” Political Psychology, 27(October): 665 - 705.

Gibson, James L. 2004. “Does Truth Lead to Reconciliation? Testing the Causal Assumptions ofthe South African Truth and Reconciliation Process.” American Journal of PoliticalScience, 48(April): 201-217.

Gibson, James L. 2008. “Group Identities and Theories of Justice: An ExperimentalInvestigation into the Justice and Injustice of Land Squatting in South Africa.” Journal ofPolitics, 70(July): 700 - 716.

Gibson, James L., and Amanda Gouws. 2002. Overcoming Intolerance in South Africa:Experiments in Democratic Persuasion. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Gibson, James L., and M.M. Howard. 2007. “Russian Anti-Semitism and the Scapegoating ofJews.” British Journal of Political Science, 37(2): 193 - 224.

Giles, M.W., and Hertz, K. 1994. Racial threat and partisan identification. American PoliticalScience Review, 88, 317-326.

Glaser, J.M. (1994). Back to the Black belt: Racial environment and white racial attitudes in theSouth. Journal of Politics, 56, 21-41.

Golebiowska, Ewa A. 2003. “When to Tell: Disclosure of Concealable Group Membership,Stereotypes, and Political Evaluation.” Political Behavior: 25(December): 313-338.

Green, Donald P. l988. On the dimensionality of public sentiment toward partisan andideological groups. American Journal of Political Science, 32, 758-780.

Guimond, S; Dambrun, M; Michinov, N; Duarte, S. 2003. “Does Social Dominance GeneratePrejudice? Integrating Individual and Contextual Determinants of IntergroupCognitions.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4): 697-721.

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Gurin, Patricia. 1985. “Women’s Gender Consciousness.” Public Opinion Quarterly, 49(2):143 - 163.

Gurin, P., Miller, A.H., and Gurin, G. 1980. Stratum identification and consciousness. SocialPsychology Quarterly, 43, 30-47.

Gurin, P. and Townsend, A. 1986. Properties of gender identity and their implications for genderconsciousness. British Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 139-148.

Hancock, Ange-Marie. 2007. “When Multiplication Doesn’t Equal Quick Addition: ExaminingIntersectionality as a Research Paradigm.” Perspectives on Politics, 5(March): 49 - 62.

Henry, P.J., Jim Sidanius, Shana Levin, and Felicia Pratto. 2005. “Social DominanceOrientation, Authoritarianism, and Support for Intergroup Violence Between the MiddleEast and America.” Political Psychology, 26(August): 569 584.

Herrmann, Richard K., Pierangelo Isernia, and Paola Segatti. 2009. “Attachment to the Nationand International Relations: Dimensions of Identity and their Relationship to War andPeace.” Political Psychology, 30(October): 721 - 754.

Hopkins, Nick. 2011. Dual Identities and Their Recognition: Minority Group Members’Perspectives.” Political Psychology, 32(April): 151-270.

Huckfeldt, Robert R. 1979. Political participation and the neighborhood social context. American Journal of Political Science, 23, 579-592.

Huckfeldt, Robert R. 1986. Politics in context: Assimilation and conflict in urbanneighborhoods. New York: Agathon Press.

Huckfeldt, Robert R. 2014. “Networks, Contexts, and the Combinatorial Dynamics ofDemocratic Politics.” Advances in Political Psychology, 35, Supplement 1(February): 43 - 68.

Huckfeldt, Robert R., Beck, Paul A., Dalton, R.J., and Levine, J. 1995. Political environments,cohesive social groups, and the communication of public opinion. American Journal ofPolitical Science, 39, 1025-1054.

Huckfeldt, Robert R., and Jeanette Morehouse Mendez. 2008. “Moths, Flames, and PoliticalEngagement: Managing Disagreement within Communication Networks.” Journal ofPolitics, 70(January): 83 - 96.

Huckfeldt, Robert R., and John Sprague. 1987. “Networks in Context: The Social Flow ofPolitical Information.” American Political Science Review, 81(December): 1197 - 1216.

Huckfeldt, Robert R., and John Sprague. 1995. Citizens, Politics, and Social Communication:Information and Influence in an Election Campaign. New York: Cambridge UniversityPres

Huddy, Leonie. 2001. “From Social to Political Identity: A Critical Examination of SocialIdentity Theory.” Political Psychology, 22(March): 127 - 156.

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Huddy, Leonie, Lilliana Mason, and Lene Aaroe. 2015. “Expressive Partisanship: CampaignInvolvement, Political Emotion, and Partisan Identity.” American Political ScienceReview, 109 (February): 1 - 17.

Janis, Irvine L. 1972. Victims of Groupthink. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Jelen, Ted G. 1992. Political Christianity: A contextual analysis. American Journal of PoliticalScience, 36, 692-714.

Kenny, C.B. 1992. Political participation and effects from the social environment. AmericanJournal of Political Science, 36, 259-267.

Kinder, Donald R., and Allison Dale-Riddle. 2012. The End of Race? Obama, 2008, andRacial Politics in America. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Klandermans, P.G. 2014. “Identity Politics and Politicized Identities: Identify Processes and theDynamics of Protest. Political Psychology, 35(February): 1 - 22.

Klar, Samara. 2014. “Partisanship in a Social Setting.” American Journal of Political Science,58(July): 687 - 704.

Klofstad, Casey A., Anand Edward Sokhey, and Scott D. McClurg. 2013. “Disagreeing aboutDisagreement: How Conflicts in Social Networks Affects Political Behavior.” AmericanJournal of Political Science, 57(January): 120 - 134.

Koch, J.W. 1993. Assessments of group influence, subjective political competence, and interest-group membership. Political Behavior, 15, 309-326.

Krause, George A., and James W. Douglas. 2013. “Organizational Structure and the OptimalDesign of Policymaking Panels: Evidence from Consensus Group Commissions’Revenue Forecasts in the American States.” American Journal of Political Science,57(January): 135 - 149. Barry project

Lau, Richard R. 1989. Individual and contextual influences on group identification. SocialPsychology Quarterly, 52, 220-231.

Lazarsfeld, P.F., Berelson, B.R., and Gaudet, H. 1944. The People's Choice. New York: Columbia University Press.

Leach, Colin Wayne, and Wendy R. Williams. 1999. “Group Identity and ConflictingExpectations of the Future in Northern Ireland.” Political Psychology, 20(December):875-896.

Leighley, Jan E. 1996. "Group Membership and the Mobilization of Political Participation." Journal of Politics, 58(May):447-463.

Leighley, Jan E., and Arnold Vedlitz. 1999. "Race, Ethnicity, and Political Participation:Competing Models and Contrasting Explanations." Journal of Politics, 61(November):1092 - 1114.

Levin, Shana. 2004. “Perceived group Status Differences and the Effects of Gender, Ethnicity,and Religion on Social Dominance Orientation.” Political Psychology, 25(February): 31-48.

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Levin, Shana, and Sidanius, Jim. 1999. “Social Dominance and Social Identity in the UnitedStats and Israel: Ingroup Favoritism or Outgroup Derogation?” Political Psychology,20(March): 99-126.

Lien, P. 1994. Ethnicity and political participation: A comparison between Asian and MexicanAmericans. Political Behavior, 16, 237-264.

Link, M.W., and Oldendick, R.W. 1996. Social construction and white attitudes toward equalopportunity and multiculturalism. Journal of Politics, 58, 149-168.

Mangum, Maurice. 2003. “Psychological Involvement and Black Voter Turnout.” PoliticalResearch Quarterly, 56(1): 41 - .

Masuoka, N. 2006. “Together They Become One: Examining the Predictors of PanethnicGroup Consciousness Among Asian Americans and Latinos.” Social Science Quarterly,87(5): 993-1011.

McCauley, C. 1989. The nature of social influence in Groupthink: Compliance andinternalization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 250-260.

McClain, Paula. 2006. Presidential Address: “Racial Intergroup Relations in a Set of Cities: ATwenty-Year Perspective.” Journal of Politics, 68(November): 757 - 770.

McClain, Paula D., Jessica D. Johnson Carew, Eugene Walton, Jr., and Candis S. Watts. 2009.“Group Membership, Group Identity, and Group Consciousness: Measures of RacialIdentity in American Politics?” Annual Review of Political Science, 12: 471-485.

McClosky, H., and Dahlgren, H.E. 1959. Primary group influence on party loyalty. AmericanJournal of Political Science, 53, 757-776.

Miller, Warren E. 1956. “One-party politics and the voter.” American Political Science Review,50, 707-725.

Mitchell, W.C., and Munger, Michael C. 1991. Economic models of interest groups: Anintroductory survey. American Journal of Political Science, 35, 512-546.

Monroe, Kristen R. 2001. “Morality and a Sense of Self: The Importance of Identity andCategorization for Moral Action.” American Journal of Political Science, 45(July): 491 -507.

Monroe, Kristen R. 2008. “Cracking the Code of Genocide: The Moral Psychology of Rescuers,Bystanders, and Nazis during the Holocaust.” Political Psychology, 29 (October): 699 -736.

Mutz, Diana C. 1998. Impersonal Influence: How Perceptions of Mass Collectives AffectPolitical Attitudes. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Mutz, Diana C., and Jeffrey J. Mondak. 1997. “Dimensions of Sociotropic Behavior: Group-Based Judgements of Fairness and Well-Being.” American Journal of Political Science,41(January): 284-308.

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Nail, P.R.; Harton, H.C.; Decker, B.P. 2003. Political Orientation and Modern Versus AversiveRacism: Tests of Dovidio and Gaertner's (1998) Integrated Model. Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology, 84(4): 754-770.

Oliver, J. Eric, and Tali Mendelberg. 2000. “Reconsidering the Environmental Determinants ofRacial Attitudes.” American Journal of Political Science, 44(October): 574-589.

Oliver, J. Eric, and Janelle Wong. 2003. “Intergroup Prejudice in Multiethnic Settings.”American Journal of Political Science, 47(October): 567-582.

Olsen, Marvin. 1970. “Social and Political Participation of Blacks.” American SociologicalReview, 35(4): 682 - 697.

Paolino, Philip. 1995. Group-salient issues and group representation: Support for Womencandidates in the 1992 senate elections. American Journal of Political Science, 39, 294-313.

Paxton, Pamela, and Anthony Mughan. 2006. “What’s to Fear from Immigrants? Creating anAssimilationist Threat Scale.” Political Psychology, 27(August):549 - 568.

Perez, Efren O. 2015. “Richochet: How Elite Discourse Politicizes Racial and EthnicIdentities.” Political Behavior, 37(March): 155 - 180.

Petro, Gregory A. 2010. “The Minimal Cue Hypothesis: How Black Candidates Cue Race toIncrease White Voting Participation.” Political Psychology, 31(December): 915 - 950.

Pratto, Felicia, Jim Sidanius, Lisa M. Stallworth, and Bertram F. Malle. 1994. "SocialDominance Orientation: A Personality Variable Predicting Social and PoliticalAttitudes." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(October): 741-763.

Price, Vincent. 1989. Social identification and public opinion: Effects of communicating groupconflict. Public Opinion Quarterly, 53, 197-224.

Putnam, Robert D. 1966. Political attitudes and the local community. American PoliticalScience Review, 60, 640-654.

Rapoport, R.B, Stone, W.J., and Abramowitz, A.I. 1991. “Do Endorsements Matter? GroupInfluence in the 1984 Democratic Caucuses.” American Political Science Review, 85,193-204.

Rhodebeck, L.A. 1981. Group deprivation: An alternative model for explaining collectivepolitical action. Micropolitics, 1, 239-267.

Rhodebeck, L.A. 1993. The politics of greed? Political preferences among the elderly. Journalof Politics, 55, 342-364.

Rhodebeck, L.A. 1994. Contextual determinants of feminist identity. Unpublished manuscript,SUNY Buffalo.

Ross, Marc Howard. 2001. “Psychocultural Interpretations and Dramas: Identity Dynamics inEthnic Conflict.” Political Psychology, 22(March): 157 - 178.

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Rubin, Mark, and Miles Hewstone. 2004. “Social Identify, System Justification, and SocialDominance: Commentary on Reicher, Jost, et al, and Sidanius et al.” PoliticalPsychology, 25(December): 947-968.

Sambanis, Nicholas, and Moses Shayo. 2013. “Social Identification and Ethnic Conflict.” American Political Science Review, 107(May): 294 - 325.

Schatz, Robert T., Ervin Staub, and Howard Lavine. 1999. “On the Varieties of NationalAttachment: Blind Versus Constructive Patriotism.” Political Psychology, 20(March):151-174.

Sears, David O., M. Fu, P.J. Henry, and K Bui. 2003. “The Origins and Persistence of EthnicIdentity Among the "New Immigrant" Groups.” Social Psychology Quarterly, 66(4): 419-437.

Schildkraut, Deborah J. 2007. “Defining American Identity in the Twenty-First Century: HowMuch ‘There’ is There?” Journal of Politics, 69(August): 597 - 615.

Shayo, Moses. 2009. “A Model of Social Identity with an Application to Political Economy:Nation, Class, and Redistribution.” American Political Science Review, 103(May): 147 -174.

Shingles, Richard. 1981. “Black Consciousness and Political Participation: the Missing Link.” American Political Science Review, 75(1): 76 - 91.

Sidanius, Jim, Felicia Pratto, and Lawrence Bobo. 1994. "Social Dominance Orientation and thePolitical Psychology of Gender: A Case of Invariance?" Journal of Personality andSocial Psychology, 67(December): 998-1011.

Sidanius, Jim, Felicia Pratto, and Lawrence Bobo. 1996. "Racism, Conservatism, AffirmativeAction, and Intellectual Sophistication: A Matter of Principled Conservatism or GroupDominance?" Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(March): 476-490.

Siegel, David A. 2011. “When Does Repression Work: Collective Acton in Social Networks.” Journal of Politics, 73(October): 993 - 1010.

Simon, Bernd, and Olga Grabow. 2010. “The Politicization of Migrants: Further Evidence thatPoliticized Collective Identity is a Dual Identity.” Political Psychology, 31(October): 717 - 738.

Simon, Bernd, Michael Lowey, Stefan Stumer, Ulrike Weber, Peter Freytag, Corinna Habig,Claudia Kampmeier, and Peter Spahlinger. 1998. “Collective Identification and SocialMovement Participation.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(March):646-658.

Staton, Jeffrey K., Robert A. Jackson, and Damarys Canache. 2007. “Dual Nationality AmongLatinos: What Are the Implications for Political Connectedness?” Journal of Politics,69(May): 470 - 482.

Staub, Ervin, and Daniel Bar-Tal. 2003. “Genocide, Mass Killing and Intractable Conflict: Roots, Evolution, Prevention, and Reconciliation.” Handbook, Chapter 20.

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Staub, Ervin. 2006. “Reconciliation after Genocide, Mass Killing, or Intractable Conflict:Understanding the Roots of Violence, Psychological Recovery, and Steps toward aGeneral Theory.” Political Psychology, 27(December): 867 - 894.

Stokes, Atiya K. 2003. “Latino Group Consciousness and Political Participation.” AmericanPolitics Research, 31(4): 361 - 378.

Suhay, Elizabeth. 2015. “Explaining Group Influence: The Role of Identity and Emotion inPolitical Conformity and Polarization.” Political Behavior, 37(March): 221 - 251.

Tam Cho, Wendy K., and James H. Fowler. 2010. “Legislative Success in a Small World:Social Network Analysis and the Dynamics of Congressional Legislation.” Journal ofPolitics, 72(January): 124 - 135.

Tate, Katherine. 1991. “Black Political Participation in the 1984 and 1988 PresidentialElections.” American Political Science Review, 85(4): 1159 - 1176.

Taylor, Marylee. 1998. "Local Racial/Ethnic Proportions and White Attitudes: Numbers Count." American Sociological Review.

Tetlock, Philip E. (1979). Identifying victims of groupthink from public statements of decisionmakers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1314-1324.

Tetlock, Philip E., Randall S. Peterson, Charles McGuire, Shi-jie Chang, and Peter Feld. 1992. “Assessing Political Group Dynamics: A Test of the Groupthink Model.” Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology, 63, 403-425.

‘t Hart, P. 1990. Groupthink in Government: A Study of Small Groups and Policy Failure. Rockland, MD: Swets and Zeitlinger, Inc.

‘t Hart, P. 1991. “Irving L. Janis' Victims of Groupthink.” Political Psychology, 12, 247-278.

‘t Hart, Paul, Eric K. Stern, and Bengt Sundelius, eds. Beyond Groupthink: Political GroupDynamics and Foreign Policy-Making. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Theodoridis, Alexander G. 2013. “Implicit Political Identity.” PS Political Science & Politics,46(July): 545 - 549.

Turner, M.E., Pratkanis, A.R., Probasco, P., and Leve, C. 1992. Threat, cohesion, and groupeffectiveness: Testing a social identity maintenance perspective on groupthink. Journalof Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 781-796.

Uhlaner, C.J. 1989. “Rational Turnout: The Neglected Role of Groups.” American Journal ofPolitical Science, 33, 390-422.

Weimann, G. 1991. The influentials: Back to the concept of opinion leaders? Public OpinionQuarterly, 55, 267-279.

Welch, M.R., and Leege, D.C. 1991. Dual reference groups and political orientations: Anexaminations of evangelically oriented Catholics. American Journal of Political Science,35, 28-56.

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White, Ismail K. 2007. “When Race Matters and When It Doesn’t: Racial Group Differences inResponse to Racial Cues.” American Political Science Review, 101(May): 339 - 354.

Wilcox, C., Sigelman, L., and Cook, E. 1989. “Some like it Hot: Individual Differences inResponses to Group Feeling Thermometers.” Public Opinion Quarterly, 53, 246-257.

Wong, Cara, and Grace E. Cho. 2005. “Two-Headed Coins or Kandinskys: White RacialIdentification.” Political Psychology, 26(October): 699 - 720.

Zinni, Frank P., Jr., Laurie A. Rhodebeck, and Franco Mattei. 1997. “The Structure andDynamics of Group Politics: 1964 - 1992.” Political Behavior, 19 (September): 247 -281.

Zuckerman, Alan S., Valentino, Nicholas A., and Zuckerman, E.W. 1994. “A Structural Theoryof Vote Choice: Social and Political Networks and Electoral Flows in Britain and theUnited States.” Journal of Politics, 56, 1008-1033.

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VI. POLITICAL DECISION MAKING

Date Topic

Nov. 16 Behavioral Decision Theory

Reading: Hastie and Dawes. 2001. Rational Choice in an Uncertain World.

Chong, Dennis. 2013. “Degrees of Rationality in Politics.” Oxford Handbook ofPolitical Psychology, Ch. 4.

Redlawsk, David P, and Richard R. Lau. 2013. “Behavioral Decision Making.” Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology, Ch. 5.

Quattrone, George A. and Amos Tversky. 1988. “Contrasting Rational andPsychological Analyses of Political Choice.” American Political ScienceReview, 82(September): 719-736.

Optional:

A good recent summary of the psychological literature on decision making is provided by:

Gilovich, Thomas D., and Dale W. Griffin. 2010. “Judgment and Decision Making.” In SusanT. Fiske, Daniel T. Gilbert, and Gardner Lindzey (eds) Handbook of Social Psychology(5th edition, Volume 1, pp 542 - 588). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Also worth a look:

Abelson, R.P., and Deci, A. 1985. Decision making and decision theory. In G. Lindzey and E.Aronson (Eds.) the handbook of social psychology (3rd edition, Vol. 1, pp. 213-310).

Ashworth, Scott, and Ethan Bueno de Mesquita. 2014. “Is Voter Competence Good for Voters?: Information, Rationality, and Democratic Performance.” American Political ScienceReview, 108(August): 565 - 587.

Brandstatter, Edouard, Gerd Gigerenzer, and Ralph Hertwig. 2006. “The Priority Heuristic:Making Choices without Trade-Offs.” Psychological Review, 113(April): 409 - 432.

Bar-Tal, Yoram, Liat Kishon-Rabin, and Nili Tabak. 1997. “The Effect of Need and Ability toAchieve Cognitive Structuring on Cognitive Structuring.” Journal of Personality andSocial Psychology, 73(December): 1158-1176.

Bastardi, Anthony, and Eldar Shafir. 1998. “On the Pursuit and Misuse of Useless Information.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(July): 19-32.

Carroll, John S., Eric J. Johnson. 1990. Decision research: A Field Guide. Beverly Hills: Sage.

Conway, L.G., and M. Schaller. 2005. “When Authorities' Commands Backfire: AttributionsAbout Consensus and Effects on Deviant Decision Making.” Journal of Personality andSocial Psychology, 89(September): 311-326.

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Conway, Michael, and Sonstantina Giannopoulos. 1993. "Dysphoria and Decision Making:Limited Information Use for Evaluations of Multiattribute Targets." Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology, 64(April): 613-623.

Dawes, Robyn M. 1979. The robust beauty of improper linear models in decision making. American Psychologist, 34, 571-582.

Dawes, Robyn M. 1998. “Behavioral Decision Making and Judgment. In Daniel Gilbert, SusanT. Fiske, and Gardner Lindzey, eds., The Handbook of Social Psychology (Volume Two,4th Edition, pp. 497 - 548). Boston: McGraw Hill.

Dijksterhuis, Ap. 2004. “Think Different: The Merits of Unconscious Thought in PreferenceDevelopment and Decision Making.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,87(November): 586 - 598.

Dijksterhuis, Ap, and L. F. Nordgren. 2006. “A Theory of Unconscious Thought.” Perspectiveson Psychological Science.

Dijksterhuis, Ap, and Zeger van Olden. 2006. “On the Benefits of Thinking Unconsciously:Unconscious Thought Can Increase Post-Choice Satisfaction.” Journal of ExperimentalSocial Psychology, 42(September): 627 - 631.

Eckles, David L., and Brian F. Schaffner. 2011. “Risk Tolerance and Support for PotentialMilitary Interventions.” Public Opinion Quarterly, 75(Fall): 5533 - 544.

Einhorn, H.J., and Hogarth, R.M. 1978. Confidence in judgment: Persistence of the illusion ofvalidity. Psychological Review, 85, 395-416.

Einhorn, H.J., and Hogarth, R.M. 1981. Behavioral decision theory: Processes of judgment andchoice. Annual Review of Psychology, 32, 53-88.

Ferreira, M.B., L. Garcia Marques, S. Jim Sherman, and J.W. Sherman. 2006. “Automatic andControlled Components of Judgment and Decision Making.” Journal of Personality andSocial Psychology, 91(November): 797-813.

Frisch, D., and Clemen, R.T. 1994. Beyond expected utility: Rethinking behavioral decisionresearch. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 46-54.

Gigerenzer, Gerd. 2008. “Why Heuristics Work.” Perspectives on Psychological Science,3(January): 20 - 29.

Granberg, Donald, and Thad A. Brown. 1995. "The Monty Hall Dilemma." Personality andSocial Psychology Bulletin, 21(July): 711-723.

Highhouse, Scott, and Paul W. Paese. 1995. "Problem Domain and Prospect Frame: ChoiceUnder Opportunity Versus Threat." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,22(February): 124-132.

Hodges, Sara D. 1997. “When Matching up Features Messes up Decisions: The Role of FeatureMatching in Successive Choices.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,72(June): 1310-1321.

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Jonas, Eva, Stefan Schulz-Hardt, Dieter Frey, and Norman Thelen. 2001. “Confirmation Bias inSequential Information Search After Preliminary Decisions: An Expansion of DissonanceTheoretical Research on Selective Exposure to Information.” Journal of Personality andSocial Psychology 80(April): 557 - 571.

Kahneman, D., Slovic, P., and Tversky, A., editors. 1982. Judgement under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. New York: Cambridge.

Kahneman, D., and Tversky, A. 1972. Subjective probability: A judgment of representativeness. Cognitive Psychology, 3, 430-454.

Kam, Cindy D. 2007. “When Duty Calls, Do Citizens Answer?” Journal of Politics,69(February): 17 - 29.

Kameda, Tatsuya, and Ryo Tamura. 2007. “‘To Eat of Not to be Eaten?’ Collective Risk-Monitoring in Groups.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43(March): 168 -179.

Kruger, Justin, and Matt Evans. 2004. “If You Don’t Want to be Late, Enumerate: UnpackingReduces the Planning Fallacy” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,40(September): 586-598.

Levendusky, Matthew S., and Michael C. Horowitz. 2012. “When Backing Down Is the RightDecision: Partisanship, New Information, and Audience Costs.” Journal of Politics,74(April): 323 - 338.

Liberman, Nira, and Jens Forster. 2006. “Inferences from Decision Difficulty.” Journal ofExperimental Social Psychology, 42(May): 290 - 301.

March, James G. 1978. “Bounded Rationality, Ambiguity, and the Engineering of Choice.” BellJournal of Economics and Management Science, 9(Autumn): 587-606.

MacDonald, Paul K. 2003. “Useful Fiction or Miracle Maker: The Competing EpistemologicalFoundations of Rational Choice Theory.” American Political Science Review,97(November): 551-566.

Nisbett, R.E., and Ross, L. 1980. Human Inference: Strategies and Shortcomings of SocialJudgment. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Payne, J.W., Bettman, J.R., and Johnson, E.J. 1992. “Behavioral Decision Research: AConstructive Processing Perspective.” Annual Review of Psychology, 43, 87-131.

Scholten, Lotte, Dean van Knippenberg, Bernard A. Nijstad, and Carsten K.W. De Dreu. 2007. “Motivated Information Processing and Group Decision-Making: Effects of ProcessAccountability on Information Processing and Decision Quality.” Journal ofExperimental Social Psychology, 43(July): 539 - 552.

Slovic, P. 1995. “The Construction of Preference.” American Psychologist, 50 (5), 364-371.

Slovic, P., Fischhoff, B., and Lichtenstein, S. 1977. “Behavioral Decision Theory.” AnnualReview of Psychology, 28, 1-39.

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Strack, Fritz, and Thomas Mussweiler. 1997. “Explaining the Enigmatic Anchoring Effect:Mechanisms of Selective Accessibility.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,73(September): 437-446.

Trope, Yaacov, and Eric Pl Thompson. 1997. “Looking for Truth in All the Wrong Places? Asymmetric Search of Individuating Information About Stereotyped Group Members.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(August): 229-241.

Tversky, A., and Kahneman, D. 1974. “Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases.” Science, 185, 1124-1131.

Tversky, A., and Kahneman, D. 1981. “The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology ofChoice.” Science, 211, 453-463.

Tversky, A., and Kahneman, D. 1986. “Rational Choice and the Framing of Decisions.” Journalof Business, 59, S251-S278.

Wilson, Carole J. 2008. “Consideration Sets and Political Choices: A Heterogeneous Model ofVote Choice and Sub-national Party Strength.” Political Behavior, 30(June): 161 - 184.

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Date Topic

Nov. 23 Political Applications of Decision Theory

Reading: Lau, Richard R., and David P. Redlawsk. 2006. How Voters Decide: Information Processing During Election Campaigns. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Sokhey, Anand Edward, and Scott D. McClurg. 2012. “Social Networks andCorrect Voting.” Journal of Politics, 74(July): 751 - 764.

Mintz, Alex, Nehemia Geva, Steven B Redd, and Amy Carnes. 1997. “The Effectof Dynamic and Static Choice Sets on Political Decision Making: AnAnalysis Using the Decision Board Platform.” American Political Science Review, 91(September): 553-566.

Boldero, Jennifer M., and E. Tory Higgins. 2011. “Regulatory Focus andPolitical Decision Making: When People Favor Reform Over the StatusQuo.” Political Psychology, 32(June): 399 - 418.

Optional:

Allison, Graham T. 1971. Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis. Boston: Little, Brown.

Allison, Graham T., and Philip D. Zelikow. 1999. Essence of Decision: Explaining the CubanMissile Crisis (2nd edition). New York: Longman.

Arceneaux, Kevin. 2012. “Cognitive Biases and the Strength of Political Arguments.” American Journal of Political Science, 56(April): 271 - 285.

Badredine, Arfi. 2005. “Fuzzy Decision Making in Politics: A Linguistic Fuzzy-Set Approach(LFSA).” Political Analysis, 13(Winter): 23-56.

Bailey, Michael A., and Forrest Maltzman. 2008. “Does Legal Doctrine Matter? UnpackingLaw and Policy Preferences on the U.S. Supreme Court.” American Political ScienceReview, 102(August): 369 - 384.

Banducci, Susan A., Jeffrey A. Karp, Michael Thrasher, and Colin Rallings. 2008. “BallotPhotographs as Cues in Low-Information Elections.” Political Psychology,29(December): 903 - 918.

Barker, David C., and Susan B. Hansen. 2005. “All Things Considered: Cognitive Processingand Electoral Decision-making.” Journal of Politics, 67(May): 319 - 344.

Baum, Matthew A., and Angela S. Jamison. 2006. “The Oprah Effect: How Soft News HelpsInattentive Citizens Vote Consistently.” Journal of Politics, 68(November): 946 - 959.

Bendor, Jonathan 1995. A model of muddling through. American Political Science Review, 89,819-840.

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Bendor, Jonathan, and Hammond, T.H. 1992. Rethinking Allison's models. American PoliticalScience Review, 86, 301-322.

Bendor, Jonathan, Terry M. Moe, and Kenneth W. Shotts. 2001. “Recycling the Garbage Can:An Assessment of the Research Program.” American Political Science Review,95(March): 169 - 190.

Berejikian, J. 1992. Revolutionary collective action and the agent-structure problem. AmericanPolitical Science Review, 86, 647-658.

Berejikian, Jeffrey D. 2002. “Model Building with Prospect Theory: A Cognitive Approach toInternational Relations.” Political Psychology, 23(December): 759 - 786.

Berejikian, Jeffrey D., and Bryan R. Early. 2013. “Loss Aversion and Foreign Policy Resolve.”Political Psychology, 34(October): 649 - 672.

Boettcher III, William A. 2004. “The Prospects for Prospect Theory: An Empirical Evaluation ofInternational Relations Applications of Framing and Loss Aversion.” PoliticalPsychology, 25(June): 331-362.

Boldero, Jennifer M., and E. Tory Higgins. 2011. “Regulatory Focus and Political DecisionMaking: When People Favor Reform Over the Status Quo.” Political Psychology,32(June): 399 - 418. Relevant to Sopher project ...

Boudreau, Cheryl. 2009. “Making Citizens Smart: When Do Institutions ImproveUnsophisticated Citizens’ Decisions?” Political Behavior, 31(June): 287 - 206.

Boudreau, Cheryl, and Scott A. MacKenzie. 2014. “Informing the Electorate? How Party Cuesand Policy Information Affect Public Opinion about Initiatives.” American Journal ofPolitical Science, 58(January): 48 - 62.

Boudreau, Cheryl, and Mathew D. McCubbins. 2010. “The Blind Leading the Blind: Who GetsPolling Information and Does It Improve Decisions?” Journal of Politics, 72(April): 513- 527.

Boucher, R.L., Jr., and Segal, J.A. 1995. “Supreme Court Justices as strategic decision makers:Aggressive grants and defensive denials on the Vinson Court.” Journal of Politics, 57,824-837.

Boyd, Christina L., Lee Epstein, and Andrew D. Martin. 2010. “Untangling the Causal Effectsof Sex on Judging.” American Journal of Political Science, 54(April): 389 - 410.

Braman, Eileen. 2006. “Reasoning on the Threshold: Testing the Separability of Preferences inLegal Decision Making.” Journal of Politics, 68(May): 308 - 321.

Bueno de Mesquita, B. 2004. “Decision-Making Models, Rigor and New Puzzles.” EuropeanUnion Politics, 5(March): 125-138.

Bueno de Mesquita B., and Rose McDermott. 2004. “Crossing No Mans Land: CooperationFrom the Trenches.” Political Psychology, 25(April): 271-287.

Collins, Paul M., Jr. 2008. “The Consistency of Judicial Choice.” Journal of Politics, 70(July): 861 - 873.

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Coronel, Jason C., Melissa C. Duff, David E. Warren, Kara D. Federmeier, Brian D. Gonsalves,Daniel Tranel, and Neal J. Cohen. 2012. “Remembering and Voting: Theory andEvidence from Amnesic Patients.” American Journal of Political Science, 56(October):837 - 848.

Cutler, Fred. 2002. “The Simplest Shortcut of All: Sociodemographic Characteristics andElectoral Choice.” Journal of Politics, 64(May): 466 - 490.

Ditonto, Tessa M., Allison J. Hamilton, and David P. Redlawsk. 2014. “Gender Stereotypes,Information Search, and Voting Behavior in Political Campaigns.” Political Behavior,36(June): 335 - 358.

Druckman, James N. 2004. Political Preference Formation: Competition, Deliberation, and the(Ir)relevance of Framing Effects.” American Political Science Review, 98(November):671-686.

Druckman, James N., Jordan Fein, and Thomas J. Leeper. 2012. “A Source of Bias in PublicOpinion Stability.” American Political Science Review, 106(May): 430 - 455.

Druckman, James N., and Rose McDermott. 2008. “Emotion and the Framing of RiskyChoice.” Political Behavior, 30(September): 297 - 322.

Elms, D.K. 2004. “Large Costs, Small Benefits: Explaining Trade Dispute Outcomes.” PoliticalPsychology, 25(April): 241-270.

Epstein, Lee, Rene Lindstadt, Jeffrey A. Segal, and Chad Westerland. 2006. “The ChangingDynamics of Senate Voting on Supreme Court Nominees.” Journal of Politics, 68(May):296 - 307.

Erisen, Elif, and Cengiz Erisen. 2012. “The Effect of Social Networks on the Quality ofPolitical Thinking.” Political Psychology, 33(December): 839 - 866. #correct voting

Etheredge, Lloyd S. 1992. “Wisdom and Good Judgment in Politics.” Political Psychology,13(September): 497 - 516.

Fania, Maria. 2004. “Collective Action Meets Prospect theory: An Application to CoalitionBuilding in Chile, 1973-75.” Political Psychology, 25(June): 363-388.

Gaines, Brian J., James H. Kuklinski, Paul J. Quirk, Buddy Peyton, and Jay Verkuilen. 2007. “Same Facts, Different Interpretations: Partisan Motivation and Opinion on Iraq.” Journal of Politics, 69(November): 957 - 974.

Garrison, Jean A. 2001. “Framing Foreign Policy Alternatives in the Inner Circle: The President,His Advisors, and the Struggle for the Arms Control Agenda.” Political Psychology,22(December): 775 - 808.

Giles, Michael W., Thomas G. Walker, and Christopher Zorn. 2006. “Setting a Judicial Agenda: The Decision to Grant En banc Review in the U.S. Courts of Appeals.” Journal ofPolitics, 68(November): 852 - 866.

Glaser, James M. 2002. “White Voters, Black Schools: Structuring Racial Choices with aChecklist Ballot.” American Journal of Political Science, 46(January): 35 - 46.

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Griffin, Dana R.B. 2010. “Citizens, Representatives, and the Myth of the Decision-MakingDivide.” Political Behavior, 35(June): 261 - 288.

Hafner-Burton, Emilie M., D. Alex Hughes, and David G. Victor. 2013. “The CognitiveRevolution and the Political Psychology of Elite Decision Making.” Perspective onPolitics, 11(June): 368 - 386.

Helmke, Gretchen, and Mitchell S. Sanders. 2006. “Modeling Motivations: A Method forInferring Judicial Goals from Behavior.” Journal of Politics, 68(November): 867 - 878.

Herstein, John A. 1981. “Keeping the Voter's Limits in Mind: A Cognitive Process Analysis ofDecision Making in Voting.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 843-861.

Huang, Li-Ning, and Vincent Price. 2001. “Motivation, Goals, Information Search, and Memoryabout Political Candidates.” Political Psychology, 22(December): 665 - 692.

Huber, Gregory A., Seth J. Hill, and Gabriel S. Lenz. 2012. “Sources of Bias in RetrospectiveDecision Making: Experimental Evidence on Voters’ Limitations in ControllingIncumbents.” American Political Science Review, 106(November): 703 - 719.

Huckfeldt, Robert. 2001. “The Social Communication of Political Expertise.” American Journalof Political Science, 45(April): 425 - 439.

Janis, I.L., and Mann, L. 1977. Decision Making: A Psychological Analysis of Conflict, Choice,and Commitment. New York: Free Press.

Jervis, Robert. 1976. Perception and Misperception in International Politics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Jervis, Robert. 1980. Political decision making: Recent contributions. Political Psychology, 1,86-101.

Jervis, Robert. 1986. “Representativeness in Foreign Policy Judgments.” Political Psychology,7(September): 483 -505.

Jervis, Robert. 2004. “The Implications of Prospect Theory for Human Nature and Values.” Political Psychology, 25(April): 163-176.

Johnson, Timothy R., Paul J. Wahlbeck and James F. Spriggs, II. 2006. “The Influence of OralArguments on the U.S. Supreme Court.” American Political Science Review, 100(February): 99 - 114.

Kam, Cindy D. 2006. “Political Campaigns and Open-Minded Thinking.” Journal of Politics,68(November): 931 - 945. [Relevant to 4 Models]

Kam, Cindy D. 2012. “Risk Attitudes and Political Participation.” American Journal ofPolitical Science, 56(October): 817 - 836.

Kam, Cindy D., and Elizabeth N. Simas. 2010. “Risk Orientations and Policy Frames.” Journalof Politics, 72(April): 381 - 396.

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Kam, Cindy D., and Elizabeth N. Simas. 2012. “Risk Attitudes, Candidate Characteristics, andVote Choice.” Public Opinion Quarterly, 76(Winter): 747 - 760.

Kanner, M.D. 2004. “Framing and the Role of the Second Actor: An Application of ProspectTheory to Bargaining.” Political Psychology, 25(April): 213-239.

Kaw, M. 1990. Choosing sides: Testing a political proximity model. American Journal ofPolitical Science, 34, 441-470.

Keck, Thomas M. 2007. “Party, Policy, or Duty: Why Does the Supreme Court InvalidateFederal Statutes?” American Political Science Review, 101(May): 321 - 338.

Keller, Jonathan W. 2005. “Constraint Respecters, Constraint Challengers, and Crisis DecisionMaking in Democracies: A Case Study Analysis of Kennedy versus Reagan.” PoliticalPsychology, 26(December): 835 - 868.

Kinne, Brandon J. 2005. “Decision Making in Autocratic Regimes: A PoliheuristicPerspective.” International Studies Perspectives, 6(February): 114-128.

Kruglanski, Arie W. 1992. “On Methods of Good Judgment and Good Methods of Judgment:Political Decisions and the Art of the Possible. Political Psychology, 13(September): 455- 476.

Kuklinski, James H., Paul J. Quirk, Jennifer Jerit, and Robert R. Rich. 2001. “The PoliticalEnvironment and Citizen Decision Making: Information, Motivation, and PolicyTradeoffs.” American Journal of Political Science, 45(April): 410 - 424.

Lau, Richard R. 1995. “Information Search During an Election Campaign: Introducing aProcessing-Tracing Methodology for Political Scientists.” In Milton Lodge and KathleenM. McGraw, eds. Political Judgment: Structure and Process (pp. 179 - 206). Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press.

Lau, Richard R., David J., Andersen, and David P. Redlawsk. 2008. “An Exploration of CorrectVoting in Recent U.S. Presidential Elections.” American Journal of Political Science,52(April): 395 - 411.

Lau, Richard R., and Levy, Jack S. 1998. “Contributions of Behavioral Decision Theory toResearch in Political Science.” Applied Psychology: An International Review,47(January): 29 - 44.

Lau, Richard R. and David P. Redlawsk. 1997. "Voting Correctly." American Political ScienceReview, 91(September): 585-599.

Lau, Richard R., and David P. Redlawsk. 2001. “Advantages and Disadvantages of UsingCognitive Heuristics in Political Decision Making.” American Journal of PoliticalScience, 45(October): 951 - 971.

Lebo, Matthew J., and Daniel Cassino. 2007. “The Aggregated Consequences of MotivatedReasoning and the Dynamics of Partisan Presidential Approval.” Political Psychology,28(December): 719 - 746.

Levy, Jack S. 1992. “Introduction to Prospect Theory.” Political Psychology, 13, 171-186.

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Levy, Jack S. 1992. “Prospect Theory and International Relations: Theoretical Applications andAnalytical Problems.” Political Psychology, 13(June): 283-310.

Little, A.C., R. P. Burriss, B.C. Jones, and S.C. Roberts. 2007. “Facial Appearance AffectsVoting Decisions.” Evolution and Human Behavior, 28(1)” 18 - 27.

Lupia, Arthur, and Matthew D. McCubbins. 1998. The Democratic Dilemma: Can CitizensLearn What They Need to Know? New York: Cambridge University Press.

McDermott, Rose. 1998. Risk Taking in International Relations. Ann Arbor: University ofMichigan Press.

McDermott, Rose. 2004. “Prospect Theory in Political Science: Gains and Losses From the FirstDecade.” Political Psychology, 25(April): 289-312.

McKeown, Timothy J. 2001. “Plans and Routines, Bureaucratic Bargaining, and the CubanMissile Crisis.” Journal of Politics, 63(November): 1163 - 1190.

Mefford, D. 1990. Case-based reasoning, legal reasoning, and the study of politics. PoliticalBehavior, 12, 125-158.

Mintz, Alex. 2005. “Applied Decision Analysis: Utilizing Poliheuristic Theory to Explain andPredict Foreign Policy and National Security Decisions.” International StudiesPerspectives, 6(February): 94-98.

Mintz, Alex, Nehemia Geva, Steven B Redd, and Amy Carnes. 1997. “The Effect of Dynamicand Static Choice Sets on Political Decision Making: An Analysis Using the DecisionBoard Platform.” American Political Science Review, 91(September): 553-566.

Morgan, T.C. 1990. Issue linkages in international crisis bargaining. American Journal ofPolitical Science, 34, 311-333.

Nicholson, Stephen P. 2012. “Polarizing Cues.” American Journal of Political Science,56(January): 52 - 66.

Olsen, Johan P. 2001. “Garbage Cans, New Institutionalism, and the Study of Politics.”American Political Science Review, 95(March): 191 - 198.

Pang, Xun, Barry Friedman, Andrew D. Martin, and Kevin M. Quinn. 2012. “EndogenousJurisprudential Regimes.” Political Analysis, 20(Autumn): 417 - 436.

Redlawsk, David P. 2002. “Hot Cognition or Cool Consideration: Testing the Effects ofMotivated Reasoning on Political Decision Making.” Journal of Politics, 64(November):1021 - 1044.

Renshon, Stanley A. 1992. “The Psychology of Good Judgment: A Preliminary Model withSome Applications to the Gulf War.” Political Psychology, 13(September): 477 - 496.

Richards, Mark J., and Herbert M. Kritzer. 2002. “Jurisprudential Regimes in Supreme CourtDecision Making.” American Political Science Review, 96(June): 305 - 320.

Riggle, E.D.B., and Johnson, M.M.S. 1996. “Age differences in political decision making:Strategies for evaluating political candidates.” Political Behavior, 18, 99-118.

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Sabloff, P.L.W. 1995. The decision process of a professionalized legislature: A cognitiveanthropology approach. Political Behavior, 17, 403-432.

Sauermann, Jan, and Andre Kaiser, 2010. “Taking Others into Account: Self-Interest andFairness in Majority Decision Making.” American Journal of Political Science,54(July): 667 - 685.

Schaub, Jr., Gary. 2004. “Deterrence, Compellence, and Prospect Theory.” Political Psychology,25(June): 389-411.

Scholz, John T. 1998. “Trust and Taxpaying: Testing the Heuristic Approach to CollectiveAction.” American Journal of Political Science, 42(April): 398-417.

Schrodt, P.A. 1990. Parallel event sequences in international crises. Political Behavior, 12,97-124.

Segal, J.A., Epstein, L., Cameron, C.M., and Spaeth, H.J. 1995. “Ideological values and thevotes of U.S. Supreme Clourt Justices revisited.” Journal of Politics, 57, 812-823.

Simon, Herbert A. 1985. “Human Nature in Politics: The Dialogue of Psychology with PoliticalScience.” American Political Science Review, 79(June): 293-304.

Songer, D.R., Cameron, C.M., and Segal, J.A. 1995. An empirical test of the rational-actortheory of litigation. Journal of Politics, 57, 1119-1129.

Soroka, Stuart N. 2006. “Good News and Bad News: Asymmetric Responses to EconomicInformation.” Journal of Politics, 68(May): 372 - 385. See also negativity.

Stroh, Patrick K. 1995. “Voters as Pragmatic Cognitive Misers: The Accuracy-Effort Trade-offin the Candidate Evaluation Process.” In Milton Lodge and Kathleen M. McGraw, eds.Political Judgment: Structure and Process (pp. 207 - 228). Ann Arbor: University ofMichigan Press.

Suedfeld, Peter. 1992. “Cognitive Managers and Their Critics.” Political Psychology,13(September): 435 - 454.

Sulkin, Tracy, and Nathaniel Swigger. 2008. “Is there Truth in Advertising? Campaign AdImages as Signals about Legislative Behavior.” Journal of Politics, 70(January): 232 -244.

Sylvan, D.A., Goel, A., and Chandrasekaran, B. 1990. “Analyzing political decision making froman information-processing perspective: JESSE.” American Journal of Political Science,34, 74-123.

Taliaferro, J.W. 2004. “Power Politics and the Balance of Risk: Hypotheses on Great PowerIntervention in the Periphery.” Political Psychology, 25(April): 177-211.

Tetlock, Philip E. 1992. “Good Judgment in International Politics: Three PsychologicalPerspectives.” Political Psychology, 13(September): 517 - 540.

Tetlock, Philip E. 1998. “Close-Call Counterfactuals and Belief-System Defenses: I Was NotAlmost Wrong But I Was Almost Right.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,75 (September): 639-652.

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Tetlock, Philip E. 2002. “Social Functionalist Frameworks for Judgment and Choice: IntuitivePoliticians, Theologians, and Prosecutors.” Psychological Review, 109(3): 451 - 471.

Tetlock, Philip E. 2005. Expert Political Judgment: How Good Is it? How Can We Know? Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Vertzberger, Yaacov Y.I. 1998. Risk Taking and Decisionmaking: Foreign MilitaryIntervention Decisions. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Walker, Stephen J. 1995. “Psychodynamic Processes and Framing Effects in Foreign PolicyDecision-Making: Woodrow Wilson’s Operational Code.” Political Psychology,16(December): 697-717.

Yates, Jeff. 1999. “Presidential Bureaucratic Power and Supreme Count Justice Voting.”Political Behavior, 21 (December): 349-366.

Zink, James R., James F. Spriggs II, and John T. Scott. 2009. “Courting the Public: TheInfluence of Decision Attributes on Individual’s Views of Court Opinions.” Journal ofPolitics, 71(July): 909 - 925.

Zorn, Christopher., and Jennifer Barnes Bowie. 2010. “Ideological Influences on DecisionMaking in the Federal Judicial Hierarchy: An Empirical Assessment.” Journal ofPolitics, 72 (October): 1212 - 1221.

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Date Topic

Nov. 30 VII. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY AND GENETIC INFLUENCES

Reading: Sidanius, Jim, and Robert Kurzban. 2013. “Toward an Evolutionarily InformedPolitical Psychology.” Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology, Ch. 7.

Funk, Carolyn L. 2013. “Genetic Foundations of Political Behavior.” OxfordHandbook of Political Psychology, Ch. 8.

Alford, John R., Carolyn L. Funk, and John R. Hibbing. 2005. “Are PoliticalOrientations Genetically Transmitted?” American Political ScienceReview, 99(May): 153 - 168.

Smirnov, Oleg, Holly Arrow, Douglas Kennett, and John Orbell. 2007. “AncestralWar and the Evolutionary Origins of ‘Heroism’.” Journal of Politics,69(November): 927 - 940.

Hatemi, Peter K. 2013. “The Influence of Major Life Events on Economics Attitudes in a World of Gene-Environment Interplay.” American Journalof Political Science, 57(October): 987 - 1007.

Petersen, Michael Bang. 2012. “Social Welfare as Small-Scale Help: Evolutionary Psychology and the Deservingness Heuristic.” AmericanJournal of Political Science, 56(January): 1 - 16.

I want someone (or ones) to do their annotated bibliography on either of these new books:

Hatemi, Peter K., and Rose McDermott (Eds.). 2011. Man Is by Nature a Political Animal. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Marcus, George E. 2013. Political Psychology: Neuroscience, Genetics, and Politics. NewYork: Oxford University Press.

Optional: [See: Entire issue of Political Psychology, 2012, 33(June)]

Alford, John R., Carolyn L. Funk, and John R. Hibbing. 2008. “Beyond Liberals andConservatives to Political Genotypes and Phenotypes.” Perspectives on Politics, 6(June): 321 - 328.

Alford, John R., Carolyn L. Funk, and John R. Hibbing. 2008. “Twin Studies, MolecularGenetics, Politics, and Tolerance: A Response to Beckwith and Morris.” Perspectives onPolitics, 6(December): 793-797.

Alford, John R., Peter K. Hatemi, John R. Hibbing, Nicholas G. Martin, and Lindon J. Eaves. 2011. “The Politics of Mate Choice.” Journal of Politics, 73(April): 362 - 379.

Alford, John R., and John R. Hibbing. 2004. “The Origin of Politics: An Evolutionary Theory ofPolitical Behavior.” Perspective on Politics, 2(December): 707 - 724.

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Arceneaux, Kevin, Martin Johnson, and Hermine H. Maes. 2012. “The Genetic Basis of PoliticalSophistication.” Twin Research and Human Genetics, 15(1): 34 - 41.

Beckwith, Jon, and Corey A. Morris. 2008. “Twin Studies of Political Behavior: UntenableAssumptions?” Perspectives on Politics, 6(December): 785-792.

Cesarini, David, Magnus Johannesson, and Sven Oskarsson. 2014. “Pre-Birth Factors, Post-BirthFactors, and Voting: Evidence from Swedish Adoption Data.” American PoliticalScience Association, 108(February): 54 - 70.

Charney, Evan. 2008. “Genes and Ideologies.” Perspectives on Politics, 6(June): 299-320.

Charney, Evan. 2008. “Politics, Genetics, and ‘Greedy Reductionism’.” Perspectives on Politics,6(June): 337-343.

Charney, Evan, and William English. 2012. “Candidate Genes and Political Behavior.” American Political Science Review, 106(February): 1 - 34.

Charney, Evan, and William English. 2013. “Genopolitics and the Science of Genetics.”American Political Science Review, 107(May): 382 - 395.

Craemer, Thomas. 2007. “An Evolutionary Model of Racial Attitude Formation: Socially Sharedand Idiosyncratic Racial Attitudes.” Annals of the American Academy of Political andSocial Science, 614(1): 6 - 14.

Dawes, Christopher T., and James H. Fowler. 2009. “Partisanship, Voting, and the Dopamine D2Receptor Gene.” Journal of Politics, 71(July): 1157 - 1171.

Deppe, Kristen D., Scott F. Stoltenberg, Kevin B. Smith, and John R. Hibbing. 2013. “CandidateGenes and Voter Turnout: Further Evidence on the Role of 5-HTTLPR. AmericanPolitical Science Review, 107(May): 375 - 381.

Fowler, James H., and Christopher T. Dawes. 2013. “In Defense of Genopolitics.” AmericanPolitical Science Review, 107(May): 362 - 374.

Haidt, Jonathan. 2001. “The Emotional Dog and Its Rational Tail: A Social InstitutionalistApproach to Moral Judgment.” Psychological Review, 108(4): 814 - 834.

Hannagan, Rebecca J., and Peter K. Hatemi. 2008. “The Threat of Genes: A Comment on EvanCharney’s Genes and Ideologies”.“ Perspectives on Politics, 6(June): 329-335.

Hatemi, Peter k., Nathan A. Gillespie, et al. 2011. “A Genome-Wide Analysis of Liberal andConservative Political Attitudes.” Journal of Politics, 73(January): 265 - 270.

Hatemi, Peter K., Carolyn L. Funk, Sarah E. Medland, Hermine M. Maes, Judy L. Silbert,Nicholas G. Martin, and Lindon J. Eaves. 2009 “Genetic and EnvironmentalTransmission of Political Attitudes Over a Life Time.” Journal of Politics, 71(July): 1141- 1156.

Hatemi, Peter K., John R. Hibbing, Sarah E. Medland, Matthew C. Keller, John R. Alford, KevinB. Smith, Nicholas G. Martin, and Lindon J. Eaves. 2010. “Not by Twins Alone: Using

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the Extended Family Design to Investigate Genetic Influence.” American Journal ofPolitical Science, 54(July): 798 - 814.

Hatemi, Peter K. Rose McDermott, Lindon J. Eaves, Kenneth S. Kendler, and Michael C. Neale. 2013. “Fear as a Disposition and an Emotional State: A Genetic and EnvironmentalApproach to Out-Group Political Preferences.” American Journal of Political Science,57(April): 279 - 293.

Hibbing, John R. 2013. “Ten Misconceptions Concerning Neurobiology and Politics.” Perspective on Politics, 11(June): 475 - 489.

Hibbing, John R., and John R. Alford. 2004. “Accepting Authoritative Decisions: Humans asWary Cooperators.” American Journal of Political Science, 48(January): 62-76.

Jost, John T., H. Hannah Nam, David M. Amodio, and Jay J. Van Bavel. 2014. “PoliticalNeuroscience: The Beginning of a Beautiful Friendship.” Advances in PoliticalPsychology, 35, Supplement 1(February): 3 - 42.

Kanazawa, Satoshi. 2009. “Evolutionary Psychological Foundations of Civil Wars.” Journal ofPolitics, 71(January): 25 - 34.

Kirzinger, Ashley E., Christopher Weber, and Martin Johnson. 2012. “Genetic andEnvironmental Influences on Media Use and Communication Behaviors.” HumanCommunication Research, 38(2), 144 - 171.

Lopez, Anthony C., and Rose McDermott. 2012. “Adaptation, Heritability, and the Emergenceof Evolutionary Political Science.” Political Psychology, 33(June): 343 - 362.

McDermott, Rose. 2004. “The Feeling of Rationality: The Meaning of NeuroscientificAdvances for Political Science.” Perspective on Politics, 2(December): 691 - 706.

McDermott, Rose, James H. Fowler, and Oleg Smirnov. 2008. “On the Evolutionary Origin ofProspect Theory Preferences.” Journal of Politics, 70(April): 335 - 350.

Medland, Sarah E., and Peter K. Hatemi. 2009. “Political Science, Biometric Theory, and TwinStudies: A Methodological Introduction.” Political Analysis, 17(Spring): 191 - 214.

Neuberg, Steven L., Douglas T. Kenrick, and Mark Schaller. 2010. “Evolutionary SocialPsychology.” In Susan T. Fiske, Daniel T. Gilbert, and Gardner Lindzey (eds) Handbookof Social Psychology (5th edition, Volume 2, Chapter 21, pp 761 - 796). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Orbell, John, and Tomonori Morikawa. 2011. “An Evolutionary Account of Suicide Attacks: The Kamikaze Case.” Political Psychology, 32(April): 297 - 322.

Panagopoulos, Costas. 2014. “I’ve Got My Eyes on You: Implicit Social-Pressure Cues andProsocial Behavior.” Political Psychology, 35(February): 23 - 34.

Petersen, Michael Bang. 2015. “Evolutionary Political Psychology: On the Origins and Structure of Heuristics and Biases in Politics.” Advances in Political Psychology, 36 S1 (February): 45 - 78.

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Petersen, Michael Bang, Lene Aaroe, Niels Holm Jensen, and Oliver Curry. 2014. “Social Welfare and the Psychology of Food Sharing: Short-Term Hunger Increases Support forSocial Welfare.” Political Psychology, 35 (December): 757 - 774.

Settle, Jaime E., Christopher T. Dawes, Nicholas A. Christakis, and James H. Fowler. 2010. “Friendships Moderate an Association between a Dopamine Gene Variant and PoliticalIdeology.” Journal of Politics, 72 (October): 1189 - 1198.

Smirnov, Oleg, Christopher T. Dawes, James H. Fowler, Tim Johnson, and Richard McElreath. 2010. “The Behavioral Logic of Collective Action: Partisans Cooperate and Punish Morethan Nonpartisans.” Political Psychology, 31(August): 595 - 616.

Smith, Kevin B., John R. Alford, Peter K. Hatemi, Lindon J. Eaves, Carolyn Funk, and John R.Hibbing. 2012. “Biology, Ideology, and Epistemology: How Do We Know PoliticalAttitudes Are Inherited and Why Should We Care?” American Journal of PoliticalScience, 56(January): 17 - 33.

Smith, Kevin B., and Peter K. Hatemi. 2013. “OLS is AOK for ACE: A Regression-BasedApproach to Synthesizing Political Science and Behavioral Genetics Models.” PoliticalBehavior, 35(June): 383 - 408.

Smith, Kevin B., Christopher W. Larimer, Levente Littvay, and John R. Hibbing. 2007. “Evolutionary Theory and Political Leadership: Why Certain People Do Not TrustDecision Makers.” Journal of Politics, 69(May): 285 - 299.

Smith, Kevin B., Douglas R. Oxley, Matthew V. Hibbing, John R. Alford, and John R. Hibbing. 2011. “Linking Genetics and Political Attitudes: Reconceptualizing Political Ideology.” Political Psychology, 32(June): 369 - 398.

Sturgis, Patrick, Sanna Read, Peter K. Hatemi, Gu Zhu, Tim Trull, Margaret J. Wright, andNicholas G. Martin. 2010. “A Genetic Basis for Social Trust?” Political Behavior,32(June): 205 - 230.

Suhay, Elizabeth, and Toby Epstein Jayaratne. 2013. “Does Biology Justify Ideology? ThePolitics of Genetic Attribution.” Public Opinion Quarterly, 77(Summer): 497 - 521.

Tesser, Abraham. 1993. “The Importance of Heritability in Psychological Research: The Case ofAttitudes.” Psychological Review, 100(1): 129-142.

Tingley, Dustin. 2014. “Face-Off: Facial Features and Strategic Choice.” Political Psychology,35(February): 35 - 56.

Uslaner, Eric M., 2008. “Where You Stand Depends Upon Where Your Grandparents Sat: TheInheritability of Generalized Trust.” Public Opinion Quarterly, 72(Winter): 725 - 740.

Verhulst, Brad, Lindon J. Eaves, and Peter K Hatemi. 2012. “Correlation not Causation: TheRelationship between Personality Traits and Political Ideologies.” American Journal ofPolitical Science, 56(January): 34 - 51.

Watson, David, David Wiese, Jatin Vaidya, and Auke Tellegen. 1999. “The Two GeneralActivation Systems of Affect: Structural Findings, Evolutionary Considerations, andPsychobiological Evidence.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(May):820-838.

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Weber, Christopher, Martin Johnson, and Kevin Arceneaux. 2011. “Genetics, Personality, andGroup Identity.” Social Science Quarterly, 92(December): 1314 - 1337.

Date Topic

Dec. 7 CLASS SUMMARY

Reading: Krosnick, Jon A., Penny S. Visser, and Joshua Harder. 2010. “The PsychologicalUnderpinnings of Political Behavior.” In Susan T. Fiske, Daniel T. Gilbert,

NEW and Gardner Lindzey (eds) Handbook of Social Psychology (5th edition,Volume 2, Chapter 34, pp 1288 - 1342). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &Sons.

Student Presentations

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