Fall 2013 Composite Data Products – Backup Power · 2014. 1. 9. · NREL is a national laboratory...
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NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Fall 2013 Composite Data Products – Backup Power J. Kurtz, S. Sprik, C. Ainscough, G. Saur, M. Post, and M. Peters Technical Report NREL/TP-5400-60949 December 2013 This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications.
Transcript of Fall 2013 Composite Data Products – Backup Power · 2014. 1. 9. · NREL is a national laboratory...
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NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308
Fall 2013 Composite Data Products – Backup Power J. Kurtz, S. Sprik, C. Ainscough, G. Saur, M. Post, and M. Peters
Technical Report NREL/TP-5400-60949 December 2013
This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications.
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NOTICE
This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof.
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CDP-BU-01 Backup Power Fuel Cell Systems Deployed
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
10 14 14 31 44
204 232
357
494
625 649 658702
807 830 836 842
Backup Power Fuel Cell Systems Deployed
2009
Q3
2009
Q4
2010
Q1
2010
Q2
2010
Q3
2010
Q4
2011
Q1
2011
Q2
2011
Q3
2011
Q4
2012
Q1
2012
Q2
2012
Q3
2012
Q4
2013
Q1
2013
Q2
2013
Q3
Cum
ulat
ive
Syst
ems
1,2
Dep
loye
d
NREL cdp_bu_01
Created: Sep-27-13 1:42 PM | Data Range: 2009Q3-2013Q3 1) Sites may have more than one FC system2) Not all FC systems are supplying operation data
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4
CDP-BU-02 Deployed kW Capacity for Backup Power
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
50 70 70 104 130
444 500
761
1064
13771452 1491
1599
18581917 1932 1943
Deployed kW Capacity for Backup Power
Cum
ulat
ive
Dep
loye
d C
apac
ity [k
W]
2009
Q3
2009
Q4
2010
Q1
2010
Q2
2010
Q3
2010
Q4
2011
Q1
2011
Q2
2011
Q3
2011
Q4
2012
Q1
2012
Q2
2012
Q3
2012
Q4
2013
Q1
2013
Q2
2013
Q3
NREL cdp_bu_02
Created: Sep-27-13 1:42 PM | Data Range: 2009Q3-2013Q3
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CDP-BU-03 Backup Power Deployments
1-10
11-20
21-30
31-40
41-50
51-60
61-70
71-80
81-90
91-100
>100
NREL cdp_bu_03
Created: Oct-08-13 2:37 PM | Data Range: 2010Q1-2013Q2
State kW SitesArizona 84 19
California 585 129Colorado 25 6
Connecticut 130 28Florida 6 1Georgia 50 1Illinois 4 2Indiana 50 16
Kentucky 22 4Louisiana 40 8
Massachusetts 10 1Michigan 168 41
Mississippi 10 2Nevada 2 1
New Jersey 181 40New York 238 55
North Carolina 10 2Oregon 2 1
South Carolina 50 1Texas 238 48Utah 36 9
Washington 1 1Wyoming 2 1
Totals 1943 417
Site Capacity (line height proporational to installed site kW capacity)
Number ofSites in State
Backup Power Deployments
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CDP-BU-04 Fuel Cell System Starts by Month
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Star
ts
Starts by Month
07/0908
/0909
/0910
/0911
/0912
/0901
/1002
/1003
/1004
/1005
/1006
/1007
/1008
/1009
/1010
/1011
/1012
/1001
/1102
/1103
/1104
/1105
/1106
/1107
/1108
/1109
/1110
/1111
/1112
/1101
/1202
/1203
/1204
/1205
/1206
/1207
/1208
/1209
/1210
/1211
/1212
/1201
/1302
/1303
/1304
/1305
/1306
/13
Calendar Month
2565 of 2578 Uninterrupted Operation (99.5%)60% Conditioning Starts
StartsConditioning1 StartSuccessful Start
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
135
150
Rep
ortin
g FC
Sys
tem
s
NREL cdp_bu_04
Created: Nov-26-13 5:28 PM | Data Range: 2010Q1-2013Q2 1) FC system conditioning is an automated operation for regularsystem checks; activitated after long periods of no operation.
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CDP-BU-05 Fuel Cell System Run Hours by Month
0
50
100
150
07/0908
/0909
/0910
/0911
/0912
/0901
/1002
/1003
/1004
/1005
/1006
/1007
/1008
/1009
/1010
/1011
/1012
/1001
/1102
/1103
/1104
/1105
/1106
/1107
/1108
/1109
/1110
/1111
/1112
/1101
/1202
/1203
/1204
/1205
/1206
/1207
/1208
/1209
/1210
/1211
/1212
/1201
/1302
/1303
/1304
/1305
/1306
/13
Calendar Month
Cal
cula
ted
Run
time
[hou
rs]
Run Hours by Month
1749 Hours Total Runtime120 Systems0.8 Hours Average Fleet Runtime
Run HoursConditioning1 Hours
NREL cdp_bu_05
Created: Nov-26-13 5:08 PM | Data Range: 2010Q1-2013Q2 1) FC system conditioning is an automated operation for regularsystem checks that are run after long periods of no operation.
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CDP-BU-06 Cumulative Hydrogen Consumed by Month
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
07/0908
/0909
/0910
/0911
/0912
/0901
/1002
/1003
/1004
/1005
/1006
/1007
/1008
/1009
/1010
/1011
/1012
/1001
/1102
/1103
/1104
/1105
/1106
/1107
/1108
/1109
/1110
/1111
/1112
/1101
/1202
/1203
/1204
/1205
/1206
/1207
/1208
/1209
/1210
/1211
/1212
/1201
/1302
/1303
/1304
/1305
/1306
/1307
/1308
/1309
/13
Calendar Month
Hyd
roge
n kg
s C
onsu
med
Cumulative Hydrogen Consumed by Month
91.2 kgs Total Consumed H235,812 scf Total Consumed H2
NREL cdp_bu_06
Created: Sep-27-13 2:01 PM | Data Range: 2009Q3-2013Q3
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CDP-BU-07 Fuel Cell System Starts by Day of Week
Sun Mon Tues Wed Thur Fri Sat0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35System Starts by Day of Week
Star
ts [%
]
DayNREL cdp_bu_07Created: Sep-27-13 2:02 PM | Data Range: 2009Q3-2013Q3
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CDP-BU-08 Fuel Cell System Starts by Time of Day
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 240
5
10
15
20
25
30
35System Starts by Time of Day
Star
ts [%
]
Time of Day
StartsConditioning1 Starts
NREL cdp_bu_08
Created: Sep-27-13 2:02 PM | Data Range: 2009Q3-2013Q3 1) FC system conditioning is an automated operation for regularsystem checks; activitated after long periods of no operation.
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CDP-BU-09 Continuous Fuel Cell System Run Time
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Inf0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0.7
hour
s (M
ean)
Continuous Run Time1 [hours]
Star
ts [%
]
Continous System Run Time
Max Continuous Run Time = 65 hoursAverage Runtime Per System = 0.7 hoursAverage Conditioning Run Time Per System = 0.7 hours
All StartsConditioning StartsMean All Starts
0 10 20 30 40 50 600
10
20
30
40
50
Continuous Run Time [Mins]St
arts
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12
< 1%
Uninterrupted Operation
EStop: 3
No Fuel: 2 System Failure: 8
NREL cdp_bu_10
Created: Nov-26-13 5:42 PM | Data Range: 2010Q1-2013Q2
2565 out of 2578 uninterrupted operation
99.5 %
13 interrupted operations
Interrupted Operation Categories
CDP-BU-10 Interrupted Operation Categories
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CDP-BU-11 Time Between System Starts
1 2 7 14 28 31 Inf0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Days
Freq
uenc
y [%
]
Time Between Starts
All StartsConditioning Starts
NREL cdp_bu_11
Created: Sep-30-13 7:35 PM | Data Range: 2010Q1-2013Q2
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CDP-BU-12 System Start Ambient Temperature
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15
CDP-BU-13 System Operation Time
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Inf0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Operation Hours
Num
ber o
f Sys
tem
s [%
]
25% of systems have hours > 16.4Max system hours = 73.0Average Fleet Hours = 14.7Average System Hours = 0.8
System Operation Hours
NREL cdp_bu_13
Created: Nov-26-13 5:09 PM | Data Range: 2010Q1-2013Q2
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CDP-BU-14 Site Capacity
0 2 4 6 8 10 Inf0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350Capacity by Site
Capacity [kW]
Num
ber o
f Site
s
78%
NREL cdp_bu_14
Created: Sep-27-13 2:04 PM | Data Range: 2009Q3-2013Q3
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CDP-BU-15 Backup Power Operation With Grid Outage from 01/2010 to 08/2013
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CDP-BU-16 Operation Hours Per Month
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 120
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Average Run Hours Per Month
Perc
ent o
f Sys
tem
s
Monthly Run Time
NREL cdp_bu_16
Created: Nov-26-13 5:10 PM | Data Range: 2010Q1-2013Q2
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CDP-BU-17 Average Starts Per Month
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 50
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Average Starts Per Month
Perc
ent o
f Sys
tem
s
Average Starts Per Month
% of systems above 5 starts per month: 3.19%
NREL cdp_bu_17
Created: Sep-30-13 7:35 PM | Data Range: 2010Q1-2013Q2
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CDP-BU-18 Site Capacity
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Median Demonstrated^2,3
Average Demonstrated^2,3
Max Demonstrated^2,3
Median Grid Outage^1
Average Grid Outage^1
Average Hurricane^1
Hours
Continuous System Run Time
Durations demonstrated from ARRA project data
65.4 hours
0.3 hours
0.9 hours
44.3 hours
11.8 hours
86.5 hoursSandy 142.5 hoursIrene 55.5 hoursIsaac 61.4 hours
NREL cdp_bu_18
Created: Nov-26-13 5:10 PM | Data Range: 2010Q1-2013Q2
1) Grid data from Electric Disturbance Event (OE-417) Annual Summaries 2002-2013/082) Fuel cell operations less than 5 minutes apart have been combined to address intermittent operation.3) Does not include conditioning starts.
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CDP-BU-19 Unit Locations
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22
CDP-BU-20 Power Outages per Year
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20130
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
23
61
93 85 91 78
149
97
123
307
196
130Num
ber o
f Inc
iden
ts
Year
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Out
age
time
(hr)
Power Outages1 (2002-20132)
Average number of outages by year = 119Average outage time by year = 50 hours
Number of OutagesAverage Time per Outage
NREL cdp_bu_20
Created: Oct-16-13 4:57 PM | Data Range: 2010Q1-2013Q2
1) Grid data from Electric Disturbance Event (OE-417) Annual Summaries 2002-20132) 2013 data through 08/2013
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CDP-BU-21 Operation Hours vs. Calendar Days
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 9000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80System Operation Hours vs. Calendar Days
Calendar Days
Ope
ratin
g H
ours
NREL cdp_bu_21
Created: Nov-26-13 5:10 PM | Data Range: 2010Q1-2013Q2
1 hou
r per
10 da
ys
30 mins p
er 10 day
s
Calendar Days = span from first to last use
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24
CDP-BU-22 Annualized Cost by Runtime
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25
CDP-BU-23 Annualized Cost of Ownership
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26
CDP-BU-24 8-hour Annualized Cost of Ownership
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27
CDP-BU-25 52-hour Annualized Cost of Ownership
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28
CDP-BU-26 72-hour Annualized Cost of Ownership
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29
CDP-BU-27 176-hour Annualized Cost of Ownership
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30
CDP-BU-28 Annualized Cost of Ownership Heat Map
Slide Number 1Slide Number 2CDP-BU-01�Backup Power Fuel Cell Systems DeployedCDP-BU-02�Deployed kW Capacity for Backup PowerCDP-BU-03�Backup Power DeploymentsCDP-BU-04�Fuel Cell System Starts by MonthCDP-BU-05�Fuel Cell System Run Hours by MonthCDP-BU-06�Cumulative Hydrogen Consumed by MonthCDP-BU-07�Fuel Cell System Starts by Day of WeekCDP-BU-08�Fuel Cell System Starts by Time of DayCDP-BU-09�Continuous Fuel Cell System Run Time CDP-BU-10�Interrupted Operation Categories CDP-BU-11�Time Between System StartsCDP-BU-12�System Start Ambient TemperatureCDP-BU-13�System Operation TimeCDP-BU-14�Site CapacityCDP-BU-15�Backup Power Operation With Grid Outage from 01/2010 to 08/2013CDP-BU-16�Operation Hours Per MonthCDP-BU-17�Average Starts Per MonthCDP-BU-18�Site CapacityCDP-BU-19�Unit LocationsCDP-BU-20�Power Outages per YearCDP-BU-21�Operation Hours vs. Calendar DaysCDP-BU-22�Annualized Cost by RuntimeCDP-BU-23�Annualized Cost of OwnershipCDP-BU-24�8-hour Annualized Cost of OwnershipCDP-BU-25�52-hour Annualized Cost of OwnershipCDP-BU-26�72-hour Annualized Cost of OwnershipCDP-BU-27�176-hour Annualized Cost of OwnershipCDP-BU-28�Annualized Cost of Ownership Heat Map
