Failure of the League The crisis over Abyssinia 1935 - 37 By Mr Osborne .
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Transcript of Failure of the League The crisis over Abyssinia 1935 - 37 By Mr Osborne .
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Failure of the League
The crisis over Abyssinia1935 - 37
By Mr Osbornewww.SchoolHistory.co.uk
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Background to events
Abyssinia : An independent country ruled by Haile Selassie, the only independent black country in Africa. In 1896 its army had defeated an Italian invasion.
Mussolini : Fascist dictator of Italy, was determined to build an Empire. He also wanted revenge for defeat of 1896.
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Timeline of Events
December 1934 - Italian troops provoke a clash at Wal Wal
October 1935 - Italian invasion beginsDecember 1935 - Britain and France
produce Hoare-Laval Plan. Large parts of Abyssinia to be given to Italy in return for Italian withdrawal. Public outcry- plan abandoned
May 1936 Italian conquest complete
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The League: actions and results
Dec 1934 offers arbitrationRejected by ItalyJan-Feb 1935 debates its responseno further actionMay-Sept sets up a five power commissionAbyssinia rejects proposalsOct 1935 Italy condemned limited
economic sanctions imposed
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The League: actions and results
March 1936 - Oil embargo threatened No impact Italy complete conquest.
Hitler noted weakness of the League and remilitarize the Rhineland (March 1936)
June 1936 - Haile Selassie addressed Assembly of League calling for help
No additional action by League
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The League: actions and results
July 1936 - sanctions against Italy abandoned
Italy - Kept Abyssinia Became allied with Germany Left the Stresa Front Left the League (1937)
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Why did the League Fail?
Britain and France were unwilling to take a lead they feared Italian action against their interests in the area
Also wanted to keep Mussolini in the Stresa Front to contain the threat posed by Hitler.
The Hoare-Laval Plan discredited and weakened the League
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Long Term Results
Countries lost faith in the LeagueCountries started to form secret
alliancesCountries started to rearm.
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Aims of the Treaty of Versailles
Guilt - find some one to blameArmed forces to be dealt withReparations - who has to payGerman territories - what to do LEague of Nations to be formed
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German reaction to Treaty of Versailles
UnrepresentedNot allowed to join League of NationsForced to accept terms - diktatAngry with armed forces reductionsInjustice - War guilt, loss of land etcReparations - set to high
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Why the L of N failed
French and British self interestAbsent powers - USAIneffective sanctionsLack of an armed forceUnfair treatyReaching decisions too slowlyEuropean club, everyone had to agree
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The steps to war 1936 - 39
Civil War in SpainRe-occupation of the RhinelandAnschluss with AustriaSudetenland crisisHitler takes over rest of CzechoslovakiaItaly and Germany form pact of StealNazi-Soviet PactGermany invades Poland