Faecal Sludge Management in

Rural Areas

SBM (GRAMEEN) PHASE II

SBM(G) Phase 2 From ODF ODF Plus

An ODF Plus Village

A village which sustains its Open Defecation Free (ODF) status, ensures

solid and liquid waste management and is visually clean.

This includes:

a. ODF-Sustainability: That all households and public places in a village have access to a

toilet and that continued behaviour change communication is insured in the village through

Information, Education and Communication (IEC).

b. Solid Waste Management: This includes bio-degradable waste and plastic waste.

c. Liquid Waste Management: This includes greywater and black water due to overflow

from septic tanks, if any.

d. Visual cleanliness: This includes minimal litter, minimal stagnant water, and no

accumulation of plastic waste in the form of a dump.

SBM PHASE II – ODF Plus Villages

Sustainability of

investments made,

and benefits

achieved so far

Ensuring holistic

cleanliness of

villages with solid

and liquid waste

management

For ODF Sustainability (ODF-S)

For Solid and Liquid Waste Management (SLWM)

Addressing any gaps in toilet coverage and ensuring that no one is left behind

Continued IEC for behaviour change

Capacity Strengthening: All Sarpanches, Swachhagrahis to be retrained

Biodegradable Waste Management

Composting: Vermi/Pit/Nadep

GOBARdhan at district level

Grey Water Management

Soak Pits

Ponds: WSP

Drainage Channel

Plastic Waste Management

Storage Facility at Village level

Material Recovery Facility at District/Block level

Fecal Sludge Management

Co-Treatment

Trenching

FSM Plant

SBMG Ph II - TYPE OF ACTIVITIES

Community assets to be prioritized and financed

Utilisation of existing infrastructure wherever

possible

Convergence with other schemes

Use of FFC Funds provided to rural local bodies

Priorities to villages on Ganga Bank

Technologies with least operation and maintenance

Business models

Activities related to maximum reuse to be

promoted

Operating Principles

Funds will be released to the States only after receipt of

undertaking regarding devolving of 15th FC fund to RLB

Convergence with MGNREGA for drainage channel and

labour cost

Convergence with NRLM and Ministry of Skill Dev. For

BCC and Training

O & M of Assets to be financed and Managed by

GP/Community

For SLWM, priority to bigger villages and clustering of

villages

Emphasis will be given to PPP Model for CMSC

Before FSM, feasibility of onsite treatment will be

consider

GOBARDHAN Project near Goshala

Operating Principles cont..

NEED FOR FSM - TYPE OF TOILET FACILITIES IN INDIA

72%

10%

18%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Twin Toilet Single Toilet Septic Toilet

Type of Toilets in Rural India (2017-2018)

Source: SBM (G) Portal

No sewerage system present in

Census Towns and Rural India

Decision Matrix for Faecal Sludge Management

Strategy for Rural Faecal Sludge Management

01

02

03Co-treatment with existing infrastructure - co-treatment of sludge

collected from nearby villages following Safe emptying & transportation

Retrofitting of existing toilets - Single pits converted to twin

pit toilets where possible

Locating existing STP and FSMPs - Assessment and

proximity analysis of the STPs and FSMPs available

04 Plan a FSTP in the district

1. Identify suitable land

2. Determine a cluster of villages to be served

3. Plan for a FSTP of appropriate capacity

4. Consult a technical agency/expert

5. Encourage entrepreneurs to operate business models

6. Identify markets for the sale of compost from the plant.

Treatment Technology Options

Deep row entrenchment

(Trenches): • For remote Villages.

• Not appropriate for villages

close to water bodies and also

where the ground water level is

high.

• Once the Trench is filled, cover

with local Soil

• Low O&M

Unplanted Drying Bed• Pre-treatment in Anaerobic

Digester or Settling tank

preferable

• CapEx– ~ INR 200/capita

• OpEx–~ INR 25/capita/yr

• Module Area: 18 sqm/1000

population

• Low O&M – unskilled workers

• Output: Ready to use manure

Planted Drying bedPlanted Drying Beds

• Simplest system

• CapEx : INR 200/capita

• OpEx : INR 5 -10/capita/yr

• Module Area: 25 sqm/1000

population

• Low O&M: Unskilled worker;

maintenance every 3 years

• Output: Manure available once

every 3 years

Funding Options

Funding up to Rs. 230 per capita under SBMG Ph-2 forCAPEX

Flexibility for States to provide additional funding fromother sources

Finance Commission grants for RLBs

For the first time tied grants (25% of totalgrants) for sanitation – Rs. 15,000 cr in 20-21

CSR funds, MPLAD/MLALAD funds, etc.

Convergence with other schemes of the State orCentral Governments

Can also take up independent projects using FCgrants, CSR funds, etc

O&M – preferably business models

Mechanised emptying and transportation of septage –business models (private operators already in business)