Faculty of Palmer School of Chiropractic 1906-1945

8/19/2019 Faculty of Palmer School of Chiropractic 1906-1945

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The Palmer School

of

Ch i roprac t ic : Development

of th

Faculty

1906 1945

Rolf E Peters and Mary Ann Chance

A B S T R A C T :

As

many

of the

chiropractors practising

in

Australia prior

to the end of

World

War II had

attended

th e Palmer School of Ch i rop rac t i c an attempt is made to trace the development of the Palmer Faculty during

th e 40 year period

of 1906-1945.

INDEX

T E R M S : M e S H :

C H I R O P R A C T I C ; H ISTORICAL

A R T I C L E . Other: PALMER SCHOOL OF C H I R O P R A C T I C . Chiropr J Aust 2 0 0 3 ; 33; 98 116

INTRODUCTION

During

the early

years

of chiropractic,

D . D .

Palmer tutored

individual students. When D . D . and B . J . formed a partnership,

they started teaching very small classes, first in the Ryan

building, and from May 1905, at 828 Brady Street.

The teaching load was shared, w i th

D . D .

taking respon

s i b i l i t y for the clinic and the classes in Principles of

Chiropractic, Chiropractic Orthopedy and Anomalies.' In

1906 D.D. Palmer was convicted of practising medicine

without a licence and

jailed,

and after having been

released

decided to leave Davenport.

CHRONOLOGY

T h e First Decad e—190 6 1916

Upon

D.D.'s departure, the entire teaching load

would have

fallen on B.J. As Carver had suggested earlier that a medical

practitioner should take over the editorship of

The

Chiropractor as a protective measure,-B.J. hired M . P . Brown

M D ,

DC in May 1906 to take over that task, and also as

demonstrator and lecturer of Anatomy,' and later as Registrar

and Director of

Clinics.*

M a r t in Preston

Brown

was born on

13 July 1855 in West Liberty,

Iowa.

Having gained his degree

of

Doctor of Medicine from the

State

University of Iowa in

1884 and his Doctor of

Chiropractic

degree in 1899, he had

7

years

of experience in chiropractic and 22

years

of medical

experience.^

While Brown

covered

a ll

Anatomy subjects, as

wel l

as supervising the c l in ic , B.J. Palmer maintained the

burden of the active

work

formerly conducted and carried on

by his father. * Brown remained

w i th

the Palmer School

until

1912, when Alfred Baker Render,

M D , became

the new Editor

of The Chiropractor, and Brown established Brown's

Sanitarium at 1005-1011 Brady Street, just across from the

future

Classroom Building.* He passed away on 9 March

1922; he had gone to the tax collector's

office

to pay his taxes,

collapsed, and died of heart

failure.'̂

R o I f E .

Peters

B S C. D C F I C C

Mary

A nn

Chance

D C F I C C

Editors Chiropractic Journal o ustralia

Wagga Wagga New South Wales

Increased enrolments during 1907 necessitated adding

another capable

teacher

on 1 January 1908 H.M.

Lundberg DC, a PSC graduate, who also maintained a

practice in Rock

Island.

' She was chosen because of her great

abil i ty

and keen concepdon in anatomical studies. Later in

1908 she apparently married and left Rock Island for Galva,

I l l inois ,

some

60 miles

southeast

of the

Tri-Cities,

where by

January 1909 she practised under the name of Hilda

Lundberg-Jones, DC, PhC.'-

Lundberg was apparently replaced by Juanita G. Shaw

PhC, who started teaching Anatomy in either late 1908 or

early 1909. The Reverend R.J.

I rw in ,

a PSC student, wrote

that Dr. Shaw is not

only

appreciated and loved by every

PSC student for her excellence of character and attractive

nature, but for her splendid

abil i ty

to disentangle the

mystical

labyrinth of ligaments and mu.scles, tendons, articulations and

bone and all the 'wonderfully and

fearfully

made' anatomy

of man. We have never seen anatomy made so simple and

interesting as it is by Dr.

Shaw's

instructions. '' It appears

that she might have been replaced when Mabel Palmer started

teaching

Anatomy

in September 1909.'* Juanita Shaw started

to advertise her practice in

Richmond,

Virginia in November

1909.'̂

B. J .

had determined that teachers at the Palmer School

had to be Palmer graduates, and chose them for their

culture,

talent and genuine natural as

w e l l

as cultivated

ability

in the

Hne of teaching.

Joy

M. Loban PhC, a graduate of 1908, was hired in

January 1909 as Professor of

Analysis

and Faculty Adjuster.

Prior

to graduation he had practised in Keota, Iowa, where

he learned to appreciate the effects of chiropractic on

patients.'After graduation he established

a

practice

in Kansas

City, Missouri.''̂ He had been called to the PSC because larger

classes

demanded more

teachers,

and Loban was considered

to be an excellent teacher, too good to remain in the

field

as

a practitioner. The last 6 months of 1908 had increased the

load on B.J. to such an extent that he could no longer handle

the multitudinous duties, and Loban was expected to become

B.J.'s

right

hand man in many capacities.'^ Loban was also

the first faculty member to have papers published in The

Chiropractor} ^ Loban left the Palmer School on 15

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PALMER FACULTY 1906 1945

PETERS • CHANCE

February 1910 to enter private practice-* and located at 501

Commercial Bank

Bui lding,

Waterloo, Iowa.-' When,

in A pr i l

of 1910, a group of dissatisfied students walked out and

established another school—the Universal Chiropractic

College—just a few blocks south on Brady

Street,

they hired

Loban as their

dean.-*

In

September

1909,

Mabel Palmer

joined the faculty as

Professor of Anatomy-^ after her return f r om studying

Anatomy under some

of the

best

instructors in the United

States.-** She also acted as private faculty

adjuster

for ladies.-''

On 19 May 1914 Mabel founded the Sigma Phi Chi Sorority,

the

f i rst

Greek letter Sorority in chiropractic' w i t h 14

members.

In 1918 Mabel Palmer published the first edition

of Chiropractic Anatomy

which went through 5 editions''

and was used by most chiropractic schools. The book was

still

in

use during the mid-1940s.'-

Among

the

first purchasers

of

this book were Frank

Boyd o f

Australia, and Martha Howey

of

Canada,

who would later practise in Adelaide, South

Australia.'-' Next to B.J., Mabel would be the longest serving

faculty member during the time period of this

thesis,

as she

was

still

on faculty in 1945. Due to her soft, feminine side,

she

came

to the aid of many

students

in a motherly fashion

and was generally known as the

Sweetheart

of the

PSC. '*

On

15 October 1909,

C McAdams

DC, who had

recently graduated, was added to the faculty and placed in

charge

of Nerve

Tracing.

His

lectures

were

based

on the actual

cases

he had traced that day, were stereoscopically illustrated,

and prints of

each case

were put on display for a week.'-' In

addition to teaching of nerve tracing, McAdams also acted

as a director of the

student

cl inics ' and acted as an

intermediary between

student

doctors and the Spinography

Department, as he had to authorise all requests to

have

spinographs

taken.'' Later in 1911 he was placed in

charge

of

the Spinography Laboratory. He left the faculty in 1911

to establish a practice in Lake

City,

Iowa, * where he was

indicted in mid-1912 for practising medicine without a

licence. Whether this

came

to trial was not recorded. He

designed a loose-leaf book system for keeping track of patient

records,* and on

18 A p r i l

1914

became

one of the foundation

members of the Iowa Chiropractic Association.*'

James Wishart

DC, a 1910

graduate,

was

added

to the

faculty on 15 February

1910.

He had

been

Dr Loban's

assistant

in the palpation

classes

and Dr

Palmer's

right hand

assistant

during the evening

clinics.*-

He was placed in charge

of

Chiropractic

Analysis.*^

In 1912 he

added

adjustment

dril ls

to nerve tracing, palpation and clinic duties, concentrating

on

small groups of

students

to give them the benefit of his

experience.** He remained

w i th

the Palmer School unti l 22

March 1920, having served more than 10

years.*'

T

Owens

DC, a Palmer

graduate

of 1906, and

President

o f

the Universal Chiropractors' Association, was hired on 15

February 1910 to

teach

Symptomatology, and

also

act as

Business Manager, Assistant Editor of The Chiropractor and

Corresponding

Secretary

of the Palmer School.*'' Prior to

matriculating at Palmer he had been the owner and manager

o f

a large department

store in

Ottumwa, Iowa. When his health

became

impaired, chiropractic saved his l i fe .* Prior to

accepting his position at Palmer, he had

been

in private

practice in

Seattle,

Washington.*** In August 1912 he was no

longer listed as Assistant Editor of The Chiropractor and

B J Palmer DC PhC

All photographs courtesy of Palmer College Archives

Martin Preston B r own MD DC

Chiropractic Journal of Australia

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PETERS

•

CH NCE

Joy

M.

L oban

DC PhC

Mabel

H.

Palmer

DC PhC

William

L.

Hea th

Sr. DC PhC

seems

to have left the PSC, probably due to l l health. He

passed

away on Tuesday, 2 February 1914, at the age of 56

years, after a long illness involving bronchial asthma and

kidney

trouble.*^

William L

Heath

Sr., DC, father o f Mabel Palmer, joined

the faculty in June 1910.-' He was born in Elizabethtown,

Pennsylvania in 1849, and moved to Davenport in 1859,

where he completed his public school education. He attended

Cornell College and graduated in 1870, whereupon he taught

school for 3

years

before establishing a grocery

business.''

Connected to the Palmer School by the marriage of his

daughter Mabel, he entered the PSC, graduated in 1907, and

practised

in

LaCrosse, Wisconsin, prior to

joining

the faculty,

where he served as faculty outside adjuster, making

house

calls to patients requesting faculty service.''' Heath gained

his PhC in 1913^- and was placed in charge of

f ina l

examinations in 1920.̂ ̂He passed away at his

residence

on

Sunday, 30 August 1925'* after having served 15 years on

the faculty.

Hugh

D.

V i a DC, another 1910 graduate, was hired to

supervise senior students in a private adjustment service,

where patients requesting to be adjusted in private paid for

their

service, in contrast to the open c l in ic ,

which

had a fee-

free service.-'-' He remained for about 2

years

before leaving

for private practice at Mulden, Massachusetts.- When the

Massachusetts

Chiropractors Association was formed on 12

February 1913, Hugh Via was elected President of the

Association.

During

Wor ld

War

1

he served in the

Armed

Forces in Company 6, Camp Jackson, Columbia, South

Carohna.'** After the war, in

A p r i l

1919, he graduated from

the Palmer School post-graduate course for veterans prior

to moving to Portsmouth,

Vi rg in ia ,

his home

state.*

R . E . McNamara DC, another 1910 graduate, also joined

the faculty for a short time to teach Physiology and supervise

the Open Clinic.*'' He left for private practice soon after,

establishing a practice at 530 Brady Street, Davenport,'̂ and

taught at the Universal College of

Chiropractic

temporarily' -'

before moving to Quincy,

Illinois. *

During 1911

the faculty was further enlarged. A final

examination

form,

dated 27 March 1911, indicates that the

f o l l o w i n g were the examiners at that time: B.J, Palmer, DC,

PhC; Mabel H . Palmer,

DC,

PhC; E.

Duval, DC; H.E.

Vedder,

DC, PhC; R McGinnis, DC; J.C. Wishart, DC; J.N. Firth,

DC,

PhC; and A . B . Hender, MD.* '

E

Duval DC, was on faculty in March 1911 and taught

Hygiene,

Orthopedy, Gynecology, Cycles (a part of

Chiropractic Philosophy), and Obstetrics. ' No actual dates

o f joining or leaving the faculty have been established. He

was expected to take over B.J. Palmer's subjects during B.J.'s

absence. In June 1913 he went to his home in Canada on

holidays, ' and might not have returned, as no further reference

to

h im

was made.

While

on faculty he published 2

papers,

on

Ectopic Pregnancy ** and

Self

Limited

Diseases. '

He later

acted as President of the Canadian Chiropractic College' and

later

sti ll

as President of the Ortho Chiropractic College of

Saskatchewan.

James N.

F i r th

DC, PhC, graduated in 1910. He was

born

on 16 September 1886 in Sterling,

Michigan,

and

attended public schools in Sterling and Standish, Michigan.

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PETERS

•

CHANCE

James

N.

F i r t h

DC PhC

James

R McG inn i s DC

Franl

W.

E l l iot t

DC PhC

After a course in Normal Training School, he taught school

for

one

year,

then attended the Ferris Institute in Grand

Rapids,

Michigan,

and

became Principal o f

the Public Schools

of

Sagining, Michigan, from 1907 to 1909. He enrolled at

the PSC in July 1909.

After

graduation he practised in

Manistique, Michigan, for approximately one year.' While

it

is stated that he started teaching at the PSC

in

August

1911, '

he was already hsted as an examiner in Symptomatology and

Pathology on a final examination

form

dated 27 March

1911. '

During 1912 he was not only in charge of the Department of

Symptomatology,

which

included Pathology, but also taught

Palpation and Nerve Tracing to the Junior class and assisted

in

the afternoon clinic.- He was a prolif ic

writer

and published

many papers in

The

Chiropractor dealing w i t h

individual

disease processes. In 1914 he published A Textbook on

Chiropractic

Symptomatology

as Volume 7 of the Palmer

Green Book series. The book saw 2 editions, one supplement

and 6 printings during Firth's time at the PSC.

Fir th became

one of the most respected and appreciated teachers at the

Palmer School.

After

14

years

of teaching he resigned,

effective 1 August 1925 to enter private practice'- establishing

a practice at 108 N.

State

Street, Chicago.

rry E.

Vedder

DC, PhC, off ic ial ly

became

a member

of

the faculty in

September 1911,-'

but was already listed as

an examiner in Physiology in March

1911. '

He was born on

26 March 1891 at Hudson,

Michigan,

and received his public

school education in Tacoma. Washington. He enrolled at the

Palmer School in

January

1911, started teaching

while

stil l

an undergraduate, and graduated in January 1912.' He

resigned

from

the faculty on 1 March 1913 to take over

management o f

his father's

business in

Tacoma,' but returned

to his teaching position in August of the

same

year.''

Like

F i r t h ,

Vedder was a prol i f ic writer on many chiropractic

subjects as published in The Chiropractor. In 1916 he

published

A Textbook

on Chiropractic Physiology, as Volume

8 of the Palmer Green Book Series, which saw 2 editions

and 5 printings.'' This was

followed

in 1919 w i t h Textbook

on

Chiropractic

Gynecology,

published as Volume 12 of the

Palmer

series.

It saw 2 editions and 4 printings. In 1924 he

published, as Volume 16, Chiropractic

Advertising, which

saw one edition and one

print

run. Being a wel l - l iked and

capable teacher,

he was considered an author ity on

Chiropractic Physiology and Gynecology.' On 19 July 1924

he predicted that ''Chiropractic is facing a period o

storm,

which will last for the next three to five years and that ''the

Chiropractic

profession has been

flooded

with practitioners

who look at Chiropractic as a business rather than a

profession. '''' He also noted, Ido not always agree with my

co-workers in the decision o matters o policy pertaining to

the

Pcdmer

School, and in sessions with my co-workers fight

for the

principles

which believe to be right. Yet, i the majority

is against me I realize that for the ultimate success of the

institution, I must cooperate with them. ''^

Harry Vedder

resigned from the faculty effective 15 May 1926, after 13

years

as Professor of Physiology, apparently due to a

conflict

o f opinion

w i t h

B.J. Palmer ™

James F. McGinnis

was in charge of the Spinography

Department and also acted as school photographer in 1911.

As

early as March 1911 he examined in Darkroom

Work,

Spinograph Negative Reading and Technique of

Spinography. ' McGinnis had been a photographer at Rock

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PETERS CH NCE

Island Arsenal. He had entered the Palmer School evening

clinic

in mid-1910, having extreme indigestion and

severe

headaches, also constipation and anorexia, which were

completely

resolved w i t h i n 2 weeks. This resulted in his

matriculation at the PSC.*' About 1913 he established a

practice in

Rockwell City , Iowa, which

was soon

th r iv ing .

In

March

1914 the Grand Jury called nearly all his patients to

testify in an investigation that lasted a day-and-a-half, and

found no

bi l l . ' * '

He sold this practice in 1915 and relocated

to

Maquoketa, Iowa, where, on 11 January 1916, he was

indicted for practising medicine

without

a licence. He was

found guilty

on 14 January, and was advised by Fred Hartwell,

attorney for the Universal Chiropractors' Association to

continue practising.*^ On 23 March 1917, he was indicted

again on the same charge,

tried

before a

jury , which

returned

a hung verdict after 17 hours and 45 minutes deliberation.**̂

In the early 1920s, he moved to

Santa

Barbara,

California,

where he was arrested in early A p r i l 1922. He posted

bail

of

$100 and was

listed

as

awaiting

t r ia l unt i l

mid-July.

Whether

the case ever came to

t r ia l

is unknown, as in November of

that year the Chiropractic Act of

California

was passed by

popular

vote.**

In February 1911

F . L . Carey, formerly o f Marion,

Indiana,

accepted a position as instructor in the Palmer School. A

graduate of the Palmer School, he had sold his large practice

to his former partner, F.D. Waschka.**' As this was the only

reference, Carey obviously did not last long at the PSC.

A new department was established at the PSC in 1911,

the Ethics Department. I t was placed in charge of

Mittie P.

Hall,*

who left in 1913 and established a practice in Sac

City ,

Iowa.*' Upon formation of the Iowa Chiropractic

Association in 1914, she was elected to the Permanent

Organization. '

On 7 July 1914, Mi t t i e R H a l l , DC, and

B i l l y

Grigg, DC, were married in the Palmer Mansion by the

Reverend

James

Craven,

prior

to moving to Chicago to

establish a practice there.**

F r a n k W. Elliott,

DC, a graduate of 1911,

became

a

member of the faculty on I I August 1911, when he was

installed

as Registrar of

Students

and Patients and Director

of

the evening cl inic. Frank, a first cousin

o f

Mabel Palmer—

their

mothers were

sisters—was

born in Conway Springs,

Kansas, on 15 February 1887. He received his higher

education at Southwestern College, Winf ie ld , Kansas, where

he met Hazel Johnson, his future wife. Hazel was a first cousin

of Edna May Johnson,

wi fe

of Hugh

Chester

Chance.

After

graduation Frank moved to Los Angeles, California, where

he opened a practice at 4200 South Grand Avenue in early

May

1911, advertising the practice wi th a

neat

l i t t le sign on

the lawn. Soon after, D.D. Palmer rented the adjoining

apartment, and put up a big sign in

front

of his apartment,

reading: Old Dad

Chiro,

Discoverer and Developer of

Chiropractic,

D.D. Palmer.

During

June 1911,

while

B.J.

and Mabel Palmer were on a lecture trip through California,

Frank and Hazel were married at the home of her

grandparents,

wi th

Hazel's parents and B.J. and Mabel in

attendance. While sti l l in Los Angeles, B.J. received news

from the school which prompted him to ask Frank E l l i o t t to

j o i n him at the PSC.* '* EUiott gained his PhC in 1914 and

was named Business Manager of the PSC.'̂

After

B.J. Palmer

established Radio Station WOC, Frank

became

one of the

early

announcers

and Business Manager, a position he held

unt i l

about 1931, when he was replaced by Dave Palmer.

Frank E l l i o t t served

in

the Iowa

State

Legislature,' where he

rendered invaluable service in securing chiropractic

legislation. He also served a term as President

o f

the National

Association

of Broadcasters.'

Har r y Hoy had

been

a short-term instructor

prior

to May

1912, when he established a practice in Belle Plains, Iowa.' '

In May a Dr. Vale took charge of the Junior

Cl in ic .

He

apparently also did not last long.'

Alfred Baker Hender, M D , was one of the examiners on

Technique Of Obstetrics, Home Deliveries,

Minor

Surgery,

Toxicology

and Gynecology during 1911. ' He was born in

Davenport in 1874.

After

his early education in Davenport

he studied c iv i l engineering at Cornell College, M t Vernon,

Iowa. After

2

years

he changed his plans and studied medicine

at the

University

of

Iowa,

where he received his M D in 1900.

While i n

general practice

in

Davenport, he

became

acquainted

w i t h D . D .

and

B.J.

Palmer and was induced to

give

20 lectures

on general anatomy and 10 lectures on the central nervous

system.' He gained his DC in 1912, and PhC in 1915. He

joined

the faculty in September 1912,-' teaching Obstetrics

and Gynecology. By 1920 he had

been

named Dean of the

Palmer School, a position he held unt i l his death in 1943.'

He maintained a practice in medicine and chiropractic in

Davenport and

became

a w e l l known obstetrician. By 1927

he had delivered 3,500 babies.'

After

the departure of

Firth,

he took over the Department of Symptomatology.

Steven J Burich, DC, PhC, joined

the faculty on

1

January

1913, while sti l l a senior student. He was born in B r i l h on ,

Wisconsin,

on 15 August 1887, attended common schools in

Rockland

Township and

Milwaukee

and graduated

f rom

the

Whitewater H i g h

School in 1907. He attended

Beloit

College' and taught Chemistry in Milwaukee for

a

year before

attending Palmer.'** As head of the Chemistry Department,

he estabhshed the laboratory in March 1913, and was listed

as Professor of Chemistry and Microscopy, also teaching

Histology and Psychology.' A frequent contributor to The

Chiropractor he

wrote

A Textboolc

o

Chiropractic

Chemistry

as

Volume

11 of the Palmer Green Books in 1919. The book

was reprinted 3 times. In 1922 Burich was placed

in

charge

o f

the Department of Neurology.' ' He resigned

from

the

Palmer faculty effective 15 May 1926.' -

As of

1 A p r i l

1913, Abraham Abbey Finkelstein, a 1909

graduate, f i l led the Chair of Physiology, vacated when Harry

Vedder

lef t

to

manage

his father's

business

in Tacoma,

Washington. For the previous 3

years

Finkelstein had held

the position of Secretary of the Employment Department of

the Young Men's Hebrew Association in New

York,

where

he also acted as an unpaid volunteer chiropractor.' ' It appears

that B.J. Palmer had kept his eye on

Finkelstein,

considering

h im to be excellent teaching material.' One year later, on

15 March 1914, he resigned to return to New

York City

to

get married and establish a private practice. He was apparently

very w e l l

l iked,

as a

big

reception was given

i n

the auditorium

prior to his departure.' '

James Steele, DC, PhC, was placed in charge of the

Spinograph Department in early 1913.

During

his time the

department

made

a record in the amount and quality of the

work

performed. He took a leave of

absence

in March 1914

and established a practice in Auburn, New Yo rk. ' ' '

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PETERS CH NCE

James H. Craven DD, DC, PhC, a graduate of 1912,

started teaching in June 1913.-' He was born in 1880 in

Kansas, received his higher education at the

Kansas

Wesleyan

University,

was ordained in the

ministry

of the Methodist

Church, and spent 11

years

as a pastor. He

became

the Head

of the Department of

Chiropractic

Philosophy, and also acted

as Faculty Secretary and School Chaplain. He is said to have

collaborated w i t h B.J. Palmer in w r i t i n g Volume V,

Chiropractic Philosophy. ^ In 1921 he published A Textbook

on Chiropractic

Orthopedy

as Volume 15,

which

saw one

reprint. In 1924/4 Textbook on Hygiene and

Pediatrics

from

a Chiropractic

Standpoint

was published as Volume 3. He

was a frequent

contributor

to The Chiropractor and published

over 20 papers on chiropractic philosophy, as wel l as a series

on hygiene and public health. While we have no proof, it is

our

belief

that Craven's writings l a i d the basis for

Stephenson's Chiropractic

Textbook. On 27 May 1926 John

Craven resigned his position effective 1 July 1926. For some

years

he had

fel t

the urge to practise in the

State

of

Washington, * and had planned to leave the Palmer School

prior to the introduction of the Neurocalometer in 1924, but

had realised that all strength was necessary at the PSC then,

and afterwards, when B.J. travelled around the wor ld

in

1924-

1925. '

Ernest

Archibald Thompson DC, a February 1914

graduate, was placed in charge

o f

the Spinograph Department

upon

the departure of

James

Steele in March 1914. He had

been an associate faculty member in Steele's department. '

Thompson was born in 1891 in Chattanooga, Tennessee.''

He later lived in Rochester, New York, where he had been

employed by the Mercury Manufacturing Company as a

salesman. His assignment was to travel the Western territory.

When he reached Davenport, he decided to

change

position

and obtained a clerkship

wi th

a chain of cigar stores, which

brought him into contact wi th chiropractic. He enrolled at

Palmer and worked his way through school, working as a

janitor and in a restaurant. Thompson

became

a proli f ic

writer on spinography and gained his PhC in 1916. ' He

severed his connection

w i t h

the Palmer School on 1

September 1917,

joining

Dr C.B. Johnson in Salt Lake

City,

Utah, -but returned on 1 A pr i l 1918 and resumed his previous

position. ' In 1919 he published

Text on

Chiropractic

Spinography

as Volume 10 of the Palmer Green Books. The

text saw 4 editions and 4 printings. The

fourth

edition,

published in 1923, was 4 times the size of the first edition. *

On 1 September 1922, under his directorship, Spinography

was

made

a required subject in the

curriculum.'

He

left

the

PSC on 1 August 1925 to enter private practice' in Baltimore,

Maryland.

He practised for over 50 years

unt i l

his death in

October 1970.

Otis

E . Cronk DC, was elected to the faculty on 20

September 1914. He had

been in

private practice for

3 ' /2

years,

practising in Viroqua, Wisconsin. His assignment was to

create

a Department of Clinical Statistics. ' Later he was

also placed i n charge o f the Department of Hygiene and Public

Health.

By 1916 he had

been

awarded the PhC. * Cronk

resigned effective 15 September 1919 to pioneer chiropractic

in Louisiana,

which

had only one chiropractor in the

state. ''

During the early 1920s he was charged and convicted of

practising medicine

without

a licence, as the

high

court's

ruling became that applied physical force for corrective

measures constitutes the practice of medicine. Cronk

returned to the faculty in November 1929, when his son

Kenneth

enrolled at the PSC.'- He remained on faculty

until

1932, when he returned to Louisiana.

As

previously mentioned, the

f i r s t

decade

saw a

tremendous growth, not only in student enrollment and

building activity,

but also in faculty recruitment. Including

B.J. and Mabel Palmer, a total of 28 chiropractors, a ll Palmer

graduates, became

members of the faculty, of whom 8 served

a year or less—Lundberg, Shaw, McNamara, Hoy, Carey,

Vale, Finkelstein and Steele—and one served 13 months—

Loban.

The Second Decade—1917 1925

A t the beginning of the year 1917 the faculty consisted of

12 members: B.J. Palmer, Mabel Palmer,

James

Wishart,

Wil l i am

L .

Heath, James N . Fir th , Harry E. Vedder, Alfred B.

Hender, Frank W.

Ell iot t ,

Steven J. Burich, John H. Craven,

Ernest

A .

Thompson and Otis E. Cronk.

Warren

L Sausser DC, PhC, graduated 23 November

1917,

became

a member of the faculty on 28 November 1917

and was placed in charge of the Department of

Roentgenology, where for several months he had been a

special assistant to Dr. E.A. Thompson.'-' He resigned in Apri l

1918 to enlist in the U.S. A r m y . '

Sausser

received training

at the School of

Mi l i t a ry

Roentgenology, Cornell Medical

College, New Y o r k . ' -' After discharge from mili tary service

he practised for a short time with Drs Reynolds and Reynolds

in Passaic and Paterson, New Jersey before establishing, in

1920, the Metropolitan X-Ray Laboratory at 200 West 72 ''

Street, corner Broadway, in Manhattan.'-*

Er i c k

Florman

DC, a recent Palmer graduate, was also

working

as an

assistant in

the X-Ray Department

in

November

1917.'-'

Clyde C . Hal l DC, PhC, was born in Red Oak, Iowa, on

25 August 1887. He received his elementary and high school

education in Boise, Idaho, and enrolled in the Pharmacy

Department of the University of Michigan, graduating

wi th

the

degree

of Pharmaceutical Chemist in 1910. After

practising

pharmacy for several years he became interested

in chiropractic and enrolled at the PSC He

became

a

member of the faculty on 1 January 1919 f i rs t in the

Spinograph Department,'-' then in the Chemistry

Department,'- and later i n the Department o f Anatomy.' He

left the faculty during 1932.'-*

Henri L . Gaddis DC, PhC,

became

a member of the

faculty

in July 1919, as an assistant to Dr Wishart in the

Department of Technique. Gaddis was born on 28 October

1884 in Seymour, Iowa. At the age of 17 he

became half

owner of The Seymour Press and after 6 months, sole

proprietor, w i t h the dis tinction of being the youngest

newspaper publisher in the State of Iowa. He sold his

newspaper in 1906 and established

The

Lovilia (Iowa) Press

in March 1907, which he owned

unt i l

November 1916. He

became

a student at the PSC on 1 January 1917, having

enrolled

in the 3-year (18 months) course. On 1 November

1917, when the manager of the Palmer Printery, Dr Myers,

resigned, Gaddis was persuaded to take over as manager of

the printery

while

pursuing his studies. He fi l led this position

un t i l October 1919. He graduated wi th the

degrees

of DC

and PhC on 30 June 1 9 1 8 . ' ' » ' In May 1919 Gaddis had


of

Australia

Volume 33 Number 3 September

2003

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P E T E R S

• C H A N C E

Al f red Baker Hender MD DC PhC J a m e s H.

C r a v e n

DD DC PhC E r n e s t A . T h o m p s o n DC PhC

been

appointed Director of the night

c l in ic

and in June was

elected as a member of the faculty on the usual 6 months

probation. I n

A p r il

1920 he was unanimously chosen as head

of

the Analysis and Adjusting Department to

succeed

James

Wishart, who left the PSC on 22 March 1920.' Gaddis

resigned

from

the faculty in November 1925 to

enter

private

practice - and

became

associated w i t h the Chiropractic

Psychopathic Hospital in Davenport' before establishing a

practice in Fullerton, California, then Redlands, and later San

Diego.

'̂ 5

M . Belle Lar son

DC, PhC, a 1919

graduate

w i th x-ray

qualifications,

was added to the faculty in July

1919' 'as

an

assistant

to James Wishart.' In 1920 she joined

Craven's

department and taught Chiropractic Orthopedy, Hygiene and

Chiropractic Philosophy.'-'* She

appears

to

have

left

the faculty

during 1922.

In September 1919 the PSC put out a call for an additional

6 faculty

members,

as with 1,200

students,

a new building

and more

classrooms,

more teachers were required. '

The first of these new instructors was

Louis DeArmand

DDS, the

first non-PSC graduate.

He was born in Davenport,

the son of a practising physician, but decided not to fo l low in

his father's footsteps. Instead he studied dentistry at the

State

University

of

Iowa.

Failing in practice after being talked out

of

advertising his skills by his ethical colleagues, he quit

dentistry and studied the art of advertising and

salesmanship,

and

became

Davenport's leading ad writer and

sales

master.

He was hired in November 1919 to

teach

a

course

in

Salesmanship, '-* later renamed Personal Efficiency,' '

which

would

become

the

first Business Procedures course

in

chiropractic. Though DeArmand

left

in 1925, his

course

would

remain active to

prepare

the

students

for the realities

o f private practice. Eventually it

became

a part of the course

in Jurisprudence

and Professional Ethics.'•*-

On

14 November 1919 the avenport aily Times

published that Dr. T . J .

Boner

a 1912 Palmer graduate, had

returned to the insti tut ion as a member of the faculty.

Following his graduation he had practised in Princeton,

I l l inois unti l enlisting in the U.S. Navy during

Wor ld

War

I . -

He

first

served as a Pharmacist Mate at the US Naval

Training Station in San Francisco,' later at the submarine

base

in San

Pedro,

California,' 'and

finally

on the transport,

USS Northern Pacific.' He resigned on 29 February 1920

to

enter

private practice.' '

January

1920

saw the addition of 5 new faculty

members:

Kriedemann, Maybach,

Stephan,

Frutiger and Venter.

Conrad

Kriedemann

DC, PhC,

became

a short-term

instructor in the Department of Spinography, serving only

during

1920. * Prior to studying chiropractic, he had

been

a

concert pianist at the

State

University of Nebraska.' *

Roy

G. Maybach

DC, PhC, a Palmer graduate of 1916,

was born in

Buffalo,

New

York

on 30

A p r i l

1883. Upon

graduation f r om high school he

entered

the structural

engineering department of a Buffalo architectural f i rm.

After

graduation

f rom

Palmer he practised for a few

years

and was

invited

by the PSC to

j o i n

the faculty in the Department of

Anatomy.

He

also

taught Hygiene, Public Health, Orthopedy,

Histology, Salesmanship, Physiology and Symptomatology.̂

1 4

Chiropractic

Journal of Australia



8/19


PETERS

•

CHANCE

Warren

L.

Sausser

DC PhC

Clyde

C.

Ha l l

DC PhC M.

Belle L a r son

DC PhC

A prolific writer for The Chiropractor he remained

wi th

the

faculty

unt i l

at

least

1927.'*'' A paucity of records of the late

1920s through the 1940s makes further research very

difficult.

K a r l G. Stephan DC, PhC, a Palmer graduate of the 3-

year program, graduated in August 1917. Stephan was born

on 17 June 1895 in Shelbyville, Indiana, where he received

his primary and secondary education before attending Culver

Mili tary Academy in Culver, Indiana, and Purdue University

in Lafayette, Indiana. After graduating from Palmer he

practised in Mathews County, V irg in ia .

During

Wor ld War 1

he was among the first to enlist in the

United

States Navy,

was commissioned Ensign and commanded the U.S.

Subchaser

No. 202.

After

discharge he practised for a short

time in South Bend, Indiana, prior to becoming a faculty

member

in

the Department of Gynecology,'

which

he

headed

in 1926.' He also served in the Department of Physiology

and was a frequent contributor to

The

Chiropractor. He left

the faculty about 1929 to enter private practice in San Antonio,

Texas.'

E G . Frutiger DC, served on the faculty, in the faculty

home adjusting service, only during 1920. - He was no longer

listed in the 1921 faculty team. He founded the Chiropractic

Psychopathic Sanatorium in Davenport,

which

he presided

over

unt i l

6 October 1924, when he established Frutiger's

Chiropractic Sanatorium (for the nervous and mentally

afflicted) at the Whitaker Bui ld ing, Th ird and Brady Streets,

Davenport. '

H . L . Vinkemeyer. DC, PhC, was the last of the January

1920 faculty members. He served in the Department o f Private

Faculty

Adjusting. He left during 1925, as he was no longer

listed

in the

1926 Announcement.

J . G . Venter DC, joined the faculty in February 1920 after

some years

of private practice. His appointment was one

of the shortest of any faculty member, as he left the faculty

on 17 May 1920 for Idaho Falls, where apparently

family

business awaited h i m . '

May

1, 1920, saw the addition of the fo l lowing to the

faculty: Chas. S. Kramer, B . H . Johnson,

Arthur

G. Hinrichs,

Joe Gibney, H . H . Hunter and Chas. T. Fewell. *

C . S . K r a m e r

DC, PhC, a recent graduate, taught

symptomatology from May 1920 unt i l December 1923, when

he left for private practice in

Kansas City , Missouri. '

Drs

B . H .

Johnson Joe Gibney and H . H . Hunter were

only

short-term appointees, as they were no longer listed as

faculty the fo l lowing year.'

Charles T Fewell DC, PhC, had had

years

of experience

in

teaching advanced

classes

in the public schools. He served

in the Department of Philosophy from 1 May 1920 ti l l June

1921,

when he entered private practice in Balt imore,

Maryland.' -*

A . G .

Hinrichs

DC, PhC, was born at Sterling,

Illinois,

on 30 August 1894. After comple ting his primary and

secondary education, he completed a course in business

administration in 1914 and held appointments as

assistant

chief

clerk

wi th

the Northwestern Railroad at

Clinton,

Iowa,

and

w i t h

the Ford

Motor

Company as cashier for the Des

Moines

Branch. During Wor ld War 1 he served in the U.S.

Chiropractic Journal of Australi a

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33 Numbe r 3 September 2003

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PETERS CH NCE

Navy and was stationed at tlie Ensign School in Chicago

as

Chief

of the Regimental Commanders Staff. He was

discharged in December 1918 and enrolled at the Palmer

School on 26

A p r i l

1919. In May 1920 he accepted a

position

on

the faculty and taught Orthopedy, Gynecology and

Anatomy, unti l specialising in Symptomatology. He resigned

after 5

years

of service on

1

August 1925 to pursue

business

interests in Fl or id a.' '

By September 1920 another 2 had been elected to faculty:

W . H. Lotz

and Ernest Tegen. '

Walter R.

Lotz

DC, PhC, was born in New B r i t a in

Connecticut, on 13 January 1898. During Wor ld War I he

was in Tufts College Student A r m y Training Corps during

1918-1919, thereafter studied at Palmer and was added to

the Spinograph Department during mid-1920, remaining on

the faculty for 1921. '

Ernest R . F . Tegen

DC, PhC, taught Symptomatology

during the latter part of 1920 through 1923, when he left for

private practice,

first

in Newark, New Jersey,' then in

Asheville, North Carolina, before returning to New Jersey,

where he practised in

Irvington

in

1931.' '

A t the beginning of 1921 3 new faculty members were

added: W.P. Brownell, H .T . Dickson and Ray Richardson.

William

Palmer Brownell DC,

served on the faculty only

during 1921.' Bi l l a nephew of B.J. Palmer—he was the

son of Mae Palmer and Niles Brownell—had seen

mili tary

service as aLieutenant in the 147* Field

A r t i l le ry

in France,' -

and also along the Mexican border.' ' By October 1921 he

was in practice

w i t h

his father and his brother Don in

Georgetown, Texas,' prior to establishing a practice of his

own

in Washington, DC.' '

H .T .

Dickson DC, PhC, served in the Department of

Analysis only during the year

1921.'

Ray B. Richardson DC, PhC, was born in Richland

County, Wisconsin, where he attended and graduated f rom

the common schools. He attended Richland County Normal

School and after graduation taught for 3 years.' He

matriculated

in the PSC i n Ap r i l 1918 and became a member

of the faculty immediately after graduation. He collaborated

with Dr Ernest Thompson in the production of

The Textbook

on pinography

When

Thompson resigned in August 1925,

Ray Richardson

became

Head of the Department of

Spinography.' In A p r i l 1934 Richardson resigned to enter

private practice.'

By September 1921 another group of chiropractors had

been added to assist as clinic directors and lecturing: M.B.

Lawson,

H.E. Borgerson, E . I . Nott, D.G. Buckingham, H.E.

Miner, C.G.

Kern,

E. Arestadt and C.C. Chandler.' '

M.B . Lawson acted as a clinic director only during the

latter part of

1921,

as he was not named on later faculty lists.

Harry E . Borgerson DC, PhC, taught Histology and

Chiropractic

Technique, and after marrying a young graduate

on 19 September 1923, resigned to open a practice in

MinneapoUs on 15 October 1923.' *

Ea r l I . Nott DC, PhC, was born in Batavia, New York in

1897. After completing his course at the PSC, he became a

member o f the faculty on 1 August 1921, teaching

Gynecology and conducting the coccygeal c l i n i c . He

remained

w i t h

the Palmer faculty

unti l

1925.' '

D . G .

Buckingham DC, was placed in charge of the

Hygiene class in December 1921 and was a member of the

faculty during 1922.

H . E . Miner DC, PhC, taught Chemistry and Technique.

He left Palmer on 30 August 1922 to practise in Indiana.'

Clyde

G .

K e r n BPEd,

DC,

PhC, was born

in

Adamsville,

Ohio, in 1876. After graduating from

high

school, he taught

school in his home

town.

After the first year of teaching he

became a student at Valparaiso University, Indiana, later

continuing to teach and attend college at Ohio Northern

University,

receiving a Bachelor of Primary Education in

1909. He also did post-graduate studies at Ohio

State

University.

Kern

was

associated

with Ohio schools for 26

years, and for 15 of

these

years

in the double capacity of

teacher

and superintendent in Zanesville. He attended the

Palmer School and simultaneously taught Mathematics at

Davenport

H ig h

School. He taught Organic Chemistry at the

PSC from 1922 to

1925

.' ̂After leaving the faculty in 1925

he worked for the Medical Records Department of the

State

of Ohio at Columbus, while conducting

a

j o in t practice

w i th

his son Donald, who had graduated in

1921.'^'

Elmer Arestadt DC, PhC, taught

Chiropractic

Philosophy

un t i l 1924, when he resigned to establish a practice in

Minneapolis-St.

Paul, Minnesota.'

C . C .

Chandler DC, PhC, was with the Department of

Chemistry, but also taught Philosophy and Freshman

Technique. He left in 1923 to practise in Terre Haute,

Indiana.'

The faculty list of the year 1922 showed another group of

new members: P.A. Remier, R.W. Stephenson, W . D . Fowler,

J.K.

Hawkins,

L . V

Willes, R.A. Buder, N . A . Gohnvaux,

H .L .

Poole, S.M. Innes and C.A. Russell.

R . A . Butler DC, PhC, taught only a short time in 1922.

No details could be located.

Percy A. Remier DC, was born on 20 May 1891 in

Galesburg,

I l l ino is

of French parents. He began his

high

school education i n 1905 and

became

a machinist's apprentice

in

railroad shops in 1908. In 1910 he started

work

at Rock

Island

Arsenal, where eventually he

rose

to Assistant

Foreman.

During

W o r ld War I he

worked primarily

on 75mm

French guns and 3-inch American guns. He started work in

the PSC Spinography Department on 7 December 1919,

enrolled

at Palmer to study

chiropractic,

and upon graduation

started to teach Spinography. ^ Remier resigned in 1924 to

establish the Remier X-Ray Laboratory in Baltimore,

Maryland.'

Ralph

Waldo

Stephenson

DC, PhC, was bom in L inco ln

I l l ino is

on 6 December 1879. He was raised at Seward,

Nebraska, where he received his elementary schooling. He

attended Highland Park College at Des Moines and Iowa

State

College at Ames, Iowa and thereafter taught school

in

Alberta,

Canada.

He matriculated at Palmer in 1920, and after

completing his studies in July 1921 accepted a position as

Philosophy

instructor.'

Upon the resignation o f

Henri

Gaddis

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PETERS CH NCE

in

November 1925, Stephenson was placed in charge of the

Department of Technique, as

w e l l

as acting as a Director of

Clinics.'*

In 1927 he published the Chiropractic

Text

ook

as Volume 14 of the Palmer Green Book Series. Based on the

writings of B.J. and Mabel Palmer and of John Craven, he

categorised

philosophical

matters into 411 articles to be used

as a study guide for students. * Stephenson resigned in 1929

after 8

years

of service to take a 2-year rest in sunny

California. '

Warren D. Fowler DC, PhC, was born in Seattle,

Washington,

where he received his education. During W or ld

War I he served in the U.S. Navy w i t h distinction. Upon

discharge he entered the Palmer School, graduating in June

1921,

whereupon he

became

a member of the faculty in the

Department of Philosophy. He

left

the faculty in 1924 to

practise in Bloomfield, New Jersey.'

J

K a r l

Hawkins DC, PhC, was a native of Utah.

After

completing his studies at the PSC he taught Physiology and

Gynecology unt i l

early in 1924, when he returned to Utah

for private practice.'

Leon

V . Willes DC, PhC, was born in Salem, Utah, on 13

February 1894. After completing public and high schools at

Salt Lake

City

he attended the University of Utah.

During

the war he enlisted in the U.S. A r m y and was in charge of

moving the freight and equipment of the 9 1

Div is ion f rom

Camp Lewis. After graduating from the PSC he became a

member of the faculty in October

1921,

teaching Orthopedy

and Symptomatology.' During 1924 he became very i l l—at

times he almost died—but he returned to teach Freshman

classes. He resigned in 1925 to practise in

California,

where

he

passed

away in August 1925. ''

N.A. Golinvaux DC, PhC, was attached to the

Departments of Anatomy and Symptomatology to assist

Ernest Tegen. He invented The Speeder, a device for

practising adjustive thrusts that

would ring

a

bell

i the thrust

was not properly performed. He was attached to the faculty

only during 1922.'

H . L .

Poole DC, PhC, had held a very responsible position

with the Securities Trust Co. of Detroit, and later served as

auditor for the Maxwell-Chalmers Corporation before

studying chiropractic. Upon graduation he taught Philosophy

and Gynecology.' He left late in 1923 to practise in Kansas

City, Missouri.'™

Stanley Innes DC, PhC, hailed from San

Jose,

California,

where he had managed one of the largest

theatres. After

graduation he taught physiology for a short time before

returning to San Jose to

practise.'™ '*

Carlton

A . Russell DC, PhC, was born in Joliet,

I l l inois,

in

1893. He received his primary and secondary education in

JoHet, then studied Municipal and Sanitary Engineering at

the University of I l l inois at Champaign, where he graduated

in Advanced Chemistry. In charge of the Water

Purification

Plant at the Chicago Stock Yards, he pioneered

work

i n water

purification

using chlorine compounds.

During

the influenza

epidemic he

became

very i l l but recovered, thanks to

chiropractic. He entered the PSC in August 1920 and upon

graduation

joined

the

faculty,

teaching Chemistry, Physiology,

Hygiene and Gynecology. He remained on the faculty unt i l

1928, when he left to practise in

California.' ' '*'

During

1922 B . B . Bryant, C.C. Flanagan, W . L . Heath Jr,

H.C. Walker, and

A . L .

Wi l l i s were added to the faculty.

B . B .

Bryant

DC,

joined the faculty in the Department of

Spinography during 1922. He

left

during 1924 for private

practice.' '*^

William

L

Heath

Jr.

DC, PhC, son of W . L . Heath and

brother

o f Mabel

Palmer, was born in Mi la n , I l l i no i s in 1897.

After graduating from Davenport High School in February

1916, he finished the 12-month

course

at the PSC in 1917,

before enrolling at the Mathematics Department of

Northwestern University

i n

Evanston, I l l inois . He served wi th

the U.S. Navy during Wor ld War I and was released from

service in the spring of 1919. He returned to the PSC to

continue his studies to graduate from the 3-year course. After

practising in Homestead, Pennsylvania for a short time

wi th

his

brother-in-law, W i l l i a m

J. Quigley, he returned to Palmer

for post-graduate studies. He

became

a member of the faculty

on

1 June 1922 as an instructor in the Spinography

Department.' In 1924 he became Chief Technician in the

Neurocalometer Department,'*^ and also taught Hygiene and

Histology.'** He resigned from the faculty in 1938 to establish

a practice in Tucson, Arizona.'*'

F . C . Walker DC, PhC,

became

a member of the faculty

upon his graduation in 1921, and taught Salesmanship and

Physiology

to the Junior classes, also teaching in clinic

classes, where he related his experience w i t h tarsal

adjustments, based on his

own

research and experimentation.

He left the faculty in early 1924 to enter private practice.'

Arleigh L . Willis DC, PhC, was born in the

State

of

Kansas

in

1895.

After

completing

high

school he matriculated

in the Kansas

State

Agricultural College at Manhattan,

Kansas.

During Wor ld

War

1

he served for 28 months as a

First Lieutenant in the 12 ' Div is ion of the U.S. A r my . He

graduated

from

the PSC in June 1922 and joined the faculty

in the Department of Hygiene and Public Health,' remaining

wi th the faculty un t i l May 1925. ''

C . C . Flanagan DC, PhC, was born on 11

A p r i l

1893 at

Clinton, Iowa, where he received his primary and secondary

education before attending and graduating from

Grinnell

College at Grinnell, Iowa. During Wor ld War I he served 2

years

w i t h

the Medical Department of the 132 Infantry. He

served one year in France and received one

divisional

and

one general headquarters citation for bravery in

action.

Upon

discharge he entered the PSC, graduating in 1922. He

became

a member of the faculty on 1 November 1922, teaching in

the Department of Philosophy.' He left the faculty during

1925.'*

During

1923 Daniel K . K i r k , Cyrus F Stoddard and C.E.

Wilent

joined

the faculty.

Daniel K . K i r k DC, PhC, was on faculty for only a short

time during 1923, teaching Symptomatology and Pathology.

He left in November 1923, when he acted as locum in several

offices whose

principals

were being persecuted for practising

chiropractic, thus keeping their practices operating, prior to

locating

his own practice

i n Marlborough, Massachusetts.' '*'

Cyrus

F . Stoddard DC, PhC, was born in New England.

A t the age of 10 his family moved to Iowa. He graduated

from

Wesleyan College at M t .

Pleasant,

Iowa in 1902, and

Chiropractic Journal of Aus tral ia

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PETERS • CH NCE

Ray B. R i c h a r d s o n DC PhC

Clyde

G.

K e r n B P E d

DC PhC

Percy

A.

Remier

DC PhC

worked as a reporter for the Davenport Times and the Daily

Leader

for about a year before deciding to study osteopathy.

After 4 months of study he returned to newspaper reporting.

During

1906 and 1908 he visited Europe and Af r ica and then

became private secretary to Hon. N.E.

Kendall,

member of

Congress for Iowa. From 1915 to 1921 he acted as Assistant

Editor

of the

Labor Review

published by the Department of

Labor in Washington, DC. He graduated from the PSC in

1922 and

in

1923 accepted a

position

on the faculty

instructing

in Physiology and Histology.' He was a frequent

contributor

to the chiropractic hterature. On

1

November 1925 he resigned

to

enter private practice in

California.*

C.E.

Wilent,

DC, PhC, graduated in November 1922 and

accepted a position in the Department of Symptomatology

and Pathology in 1923. He also taught Philosophy to the

Sophomore classes. l l health caused him to resign his position

in

1924, and he moved to California to recuperate' and

establish a practice in Los Angeles, which he had to give up

in 1926 due to a nervous breakdown. After recovery he was

looking

forward

to re-opening his office in another part of

the city.

In

1924,3 were admitted to the

faculty:

Herbert

C.

Hender,

Don

Kern

and Claude

Phillips.

Herbert C.

Hender,

DC, PhC, son of A .B . Hender, was

born i n Davenport in 1899. After graduating from Davenport

High

School he attended

Grinnell

College and studied

liberal

arts

and

business

administration prior to enrolling at Palmer.

He graduated in February 1924, joined the faculty and taught

Spinography.-' ' He also substituted for James Firth, teaching

Symptomatology,'** and after Firth's resignation in 1925

became

head of the Department of Symptomatology.'*

Donald O Neill

K e r n DC, PhC, was born in Windom,

Ohio, in 1903. He moved to Davenport in 1916, when his

father, Clyde

Kern,

enrolled at the Palmer School. Donald

completed his

high

school education in Davenport before

studying at Palmer, where he graduated in 1921. After

practising

in Zanesvile, Ohio, for about 3 years, he joined

the PSC faculty in March 1924 and was assigned to the

Spinography Department. He also taught Anatomy during

any absence of Mabel Palmer. He left the faculty in 1926 and

joined his father in Columbus, Ohio, where both were

employed by the

State

Medical Records Department, while

simultaneously conducting a

j o in t

practice. He rejoined the

Palmer faculty in 1946, where he continued

unti l

his death in

1961.

Claude C. Phillips, DC, PhC, was born at Peabody,

Kansas, attended the grade schools there before attending

the Wentworth

Mi l i ta ry

Academy at Lexington, Missouri, in

1918. He graduated from Peabody High School in 1920 and

thereafter managed a large motor supply company i n the heart

of

the

Kansas

oil fields. He enrolled at Palmer in 1922 and

while a senior student helped out in the Spinography

Department. He left the PSC

in

March 1924 to start a practice

in Kentucky, but was recalled to the PSC to help instructing

in

Neurocalometer

(NCM) work.

In November 1924 he was

elected to the faculty to

serve

in the NCM

Research

Department. ' He resigned on

1

October 1927 to enter private

practice.'*'

1 8

Chiropractic Journal of Austr ali a

Volume



12/19


PETERS

CH NCE

In

1925

only one new faculty member was admitted: Hugh

Chester

Chance.

Hugh Chester

Chance

DC,

PhC, was born on 18 October

1884 in W in f i e l d Kansas, where he received his early

education. He took one year of electrical study at the

Oklahoma State College and completed a 5-year course in

Electrical Engineering at Scranton, Pennsylvania, in 1909.

He married Edna Mary Johnson in 1910. Edna Mary was a

first cousin of Hazel Johnson, who had married Frank El l iot t

in 1911. Chet, as he was known, was a sufferer of

severe

migraines, and was being cajoled by the Johnson f ami ly—

there were several chiropractors in the

family—to

try

chiropractic.

He finally relented, stating, I f chiropractic

works,

I l l go to Davenport and take the damn course. He

graduated in March 1924 and was employed on the NCM

staff. In November 1925 he was elected to the faculty in the

Department of Neurocalometer Research.' '

During this decade there was a total o f 65 faculty members,

of

whom 15 served only one year or less and another 7 served

2

years or less. Many of these were hired as

assistants

during

the tumultuous growth after the end of the war. Ten of these

faculty members were recorded as having

seen

active service

during Wor ld War I .

Reduction in student numbers due to the end of the intake

of government-assisted veterans and defection of supporters

after the introduction of the Neurocalometer called for a

reduction

of teaching staff. By the end of 1925 the faculty

had been reduced to 18.

The 1926 1945

ra

The reduced faculty of 1926 started

w i th

18 members, of

whom 4—Steve

Burich,

John Craven, Don

Kern

and Harry

Vedder resigned during 1926.

The remaining faculty members, their starting

dates

and

assignments were:

Palmer, B.J. 1904 Philosophy

Palmer, Mabel H.

1909

Anatomy

Ell iot t

Frank W. 1911

Registrar, Ethics and

Jurisprudence

Hender,

A .B .

1912

Dean, Symptomatology

Hal l

C.C. 1919

Chemistry

Stephan, K.G.

1920

Gynecology

Maybach, R.G. 1920

Neurology

and Orthopedy

Stephenson, Ralph W.

1921 Technique

Richardson, Ray 1921 Spinography

Russell, C.A.

1922 Physiology and Chemistry

Heath, W .L . Jr. 1922 Histology and

Neurocalometer

Phillips, Claude 1924 Histology and Neurology

Hender, H.C. 1924 Symptomatology

Chance, H.C. 1925

Neurocalometer Research


Volume


1 9


13/19


PETERS •C H NC E

Donald O Neill

Kern,

DC, PhC

Hugh Chester Chance, DC, PhC

Claude C Phillips, DC, PhC, left the faculty in October

1927

,181

Roy G. Maybach, DC, PhC, left the faculty in 1927 or

1928. No further

information

has

been

discovered.

Carlton

A. Russell, DC, PhC, remained

wi th

the faculty

unti l 1928, when he left for practice in California.'*'

K a r l

G. Stephan, DC, PhC, remained

wi th

the faculty

unt i l about 1929-1930. By January 1931 he had established

a practice at 1027 Ma in Avenue, San Antonio, Texas.'

Otis

E

Cronk, DC, a former faculty member, returned to

the PSC when his son Ken enrolled at the PSC in 1929, and

was employed to teach Technique.'- He was .still on faculty

in

1934,

but did not

appear

on the faculty list for 1936.'

Ralph Waldo Stephenson, DC, PhC, was head of the

Technique Department and started to

assist

in the Philosophy

Department

in

1926.™

Besides

wri t ing

Chiropractic Text Book

in

1927, he also wrote

The rt

OfClziropractic

—a

small book

o f 88 pages dealing

w i t h

the principles of adjusting the

spine—in 1927. '- He left the faculty in 1929 after 8

years

of

service, primarily to take a rest f rom his teaching duties and

to enjoy

some

sunshine in California. ' He may not have

reached

California,

as he estabhshed a practice in Boulder,

Colorado. '

Kenneth

H. Cronk, DC, PhC, MS, graduated from the

PSC in 1930 and gained a Master of Science from the State

University of Iowa. He

became

a member of the Palmer

faculty in 1931, teaching Chemistry and acting as

Athletic

Director. During Wor ld War 11 he served 18 months in the

US Navy. '-'- '

In

1931 F r a n k W. Elliott, DC, PhC, was made redundant

at the Palmer School and the radio stations to make room for

Dave Palmer.'' ' He had been introduced to chiropractic by

his cousin W i l l i am D .

Litde, DC,

of Conway Springs, Kansas,

a 1908 Palmer man, after

E l l i o t t

had injured his back

lifting

hay racks onto a wagon.''

During

his dme on the faculty he

had served as Registrar and Business Manager, had taught

Ethics and Jurisprudence, and acted as Vice-President of the

Palmer School of

Chiropractic.

He served 4 terms in the State

Legislature of Iowa, where he introduced and secured passage

o f the Chiropractic Ac t . In the Palmer Enterprises he served

as General Manager of Radio Station WOC in Davenport

and Radio Station

WHO,

Des Moines and was President of

the Central Broadcasting Company. He was one of the

founders of the National Association of Broadcasters and

elected as their second President. He was awarded a Doctor

o f

Chiropractic Humanities (h.c.) by the Palmer School in

1931 and again later, during Dave Palmer's presidency in

1968. In a recent interview (26 July 2003). Ann Nissen

Chance, now aged 98, former private secretary to

E l l i o t t

stated that after her return to Davenport in

1931,

after having

worked in Washington, DC, as a congressional secretary for

several years, visited Frank E l l i o t t in his

business

office at

226 West 3 ' Street. He had stated that he had no more

connections

w i th

the Palmer enterprises. He was then

sti ll

serving his

fourth

term as a Republican member

o f

the House

o f Representatives in the Iowa legislature, but he d id not stand

for re-election in the November 1932 elections.

*

He

remained in Davenport, located in the Whitaker Building at

228 Brady Street, acting as

business

consultant and real estate

11


Vol ume

33 Numbe r 3

September

2003


14/19


PETERS

•

CH NCE

agent,-

unt i l

moving to Denver, where he established a

practice in 1937 and served the Colorado Chiropractic

Association

as a Director for 27 years. Treasurer for 9 years

and one term as President. He was named Colorado's

Chiropractor

of the Year in 1966 and 1974. He passed away

on

13

August 1976 at the age of 89, after 63

years

of service

to

chiropractic.'

Clyde C . Hal l DC, PhC, remained

wi th

the faculty unt i l

1932 while also conducting a private practice in Davenport.

He started practice in Oakland, California, in 1933. He was

elected to Fellowship in the International College of

Chiropractic

in 1966 and was

sti l l

in practice in 1980.'-**

In September

1933

H . C .

Chance

was placed in charge of

the Department of Neurology and appointed as Director of

the Student

Clinic.

Cognizant that the

students

were practising

on

his own personal licence, he completely reorganized the

student clinic. - ' He was considered an authority on the

nervous system and as a specialist in child psychology, a

skil l

honed in his long-term private practice of pediatrics. *'

The

1934

class composite photograph also included Henry

W. Bruhn who acted as Assistant Treasurer and Assistant

Registrar;

Ralph

Evans at the time personal secretary to

B.J., also taught Ethics and Jurisprudence; William

M.

Brandon Financial Controller, as

wel l

as A . R .

Rickensrud

B A ,

and J . F .

Brewer

DC, whose positions could not be

determined.

Ray

Richardson

DC. PhC, Head of the Spinograph

Department, who had

been

a faculty member since 1921,

resigned in A p r i l

1934

to enter private practice.' He was

replaced by Percy Remier DC, who was recalled to the

faculty to take over the recently vacated position. In 1936

Remier published a

small

book of

64

pages.

The

Chiropractic

Stereoscope, ̂ -

to be followed in 1938 by Modern

X-Ray

Practice

and liiropractic Spinograpliy,

Volume 21 of the

Palmer Green Books. Revised editions appeared in 1947 and

1957. He remained on faculty unt i l the early 1960s.

With the departure of Phillips in 1927, Maybach in 1927

or

1928, Russell in 1928, Stephenson in 1929, Stephan in

1929 or 1930, Ell iot t in 1931 and Richardson in 1934, and

the addition of Otis Cronk, Kenneth Cronk, Percy Remier

and Ralph Evans, the faculty had

been

reduced to 15.

Wi th

the crash of the stockmarket in 1929, the great depression

looming and subsequentiy an even lower student intake, this

number

appeared

to have been more than

adequate.

Ralph Evans

became

private secretary to B.J. in 1925

after having served at the Capitol in Washington, DC, in a

secretarial capacity to Democrat and Republican legislators

for

a period of 10 years.- ' He was first listed on faculty

teaching Ethics And Jurisprudence on a class composite of

1934. He was also in charge of the Correspondence

Department and the promotion and marketing of the Palmer

School ™

By

1935

the

only

members of the 1926 faculty that had

remained were B.J. Palmer, Mabel Palmer,

Al f red B .

Hender,

Wil l i am

L .

Heath, Herbert C. Hender and H . Chester Chance.

Kenneth

H.

C ronk

DC PhC MS

Galen

R. Pr i ce DC PhC

Cliiropractic Journal o f Austral ia



15/19


PETERS • CH NCE

William Heath Quigley BS DC PhC

Donald Otis P ha r a oh

AA DC PhC

A mid-1930s School Announcement indicated the

fo l lowing faculty:

Palmer, B.J., DC, PhC

Philosophy

Palmer, Mabel, DC, PhC

Anatomy

Hender,

A l f red

B.,

M D

DC, PhC

Dean,

Symptomatology,

Bacteriology,

Gynecology,

Obstetrics

Palmer,

David

D.

Vice-President,

Business Manager

Heath, W i l l i am

L .

DC, PhC Hygiene, Histology,

Neurocalometer

Hender, Herbert C, DC, PhC

Symptomatology,

Pathology

Chance, H.

Chester,

DC, PhC

Pediatrics,

Neurology,

Technique

Cronk,

Kenneth, MS, DC, PhC Chemistry,

Physiology,

Athletic

Director

Remier, Percy

A .

DC

Spinography,

Orthopedy,

Abnormalities

Evans, Ralph

Ethics and

Jurisprudence

Brandon,

W i l l i am

M. Comptroller

Rueffel,

C M . Jr

Student Welfare

Bruhn, Henry W.

Registrar

After

practising in Colorado for

some

6 years, Stephenson

returned to the PSC in 1935 to study HIO Technique, and

was again attached to the faculty. He planned to

prepare

a

second edition of his Chiropractic

Text Booli

by replacing

o ld applications w i t h the new,

while

keeping the never-

changing principles of

chiropractic. ^

Unfortunately he was

not able to conclude this project, as in March 1936 he was

h it

by a bus,

which

tore loose his

right

kidney,

and he

passed

away on 5 A p r i l 1936, less than 2 weeks after the accident, at

the young age of 56.^ '

During

1936 an otherwise unknown

. C . Hartong DC,

PhC, graced the August 1936 class composite photograph as

a faculty member. Other new faculty members during 1936

were Galen R. Price and Ly l e W. Sherman.

Galen R. Price DC, PhC, was born in Earned, Kansas,

on

25 March 1912. He earned a pre-med certificate at Clark

University in Worchester Massachusetts in 1934. Upon

graduation

f rom

the PSC in 1936 he was called to the faculty,

teaching Physiology and Anatomy. In 1938 he gained his PhC

and taught Principles and Philosophy. Upon the death of

Stephenson he revised The

Chiropractic

Text ook for its

second edition in 1938. After the departure

of

Victor Coxon,

2

Chiropractic

Journal o f Austra lia



16/19


PETERS CH NCE

who

had served as Assistant Director of the B.J. Palmer Clinic

from

1938 to

1941,-*

Price

became

Assistant Director and

maintained that position unt i l W or ld War

11

when he served

as a lieutenant in the U.S.

A rmy

Corps of Engineers wi th

General McArthur' s forces in the South Pacific and

Australia.- ' He returned to teaching at the PSC in January

1944,- * and remained on faculty and in administration of the

PSC un t i l 1979. He received a Doctor of Chiropractic

Humanities (h.c.) from Palmer College in 1968, and was

named a Fellow in the Palmer Academy of Chiropractic in

1990.- '

Lyle W. Sherman DC, PhC, was added to the faculty in

1936, teaching Orthopedy, Spinal Abnormalities and X-Ray

echnique ™ After Galen Price's departure for mi l i ta ry

service, Sherman

became

Assistant

Director o f

the

B.J.

Palmer

Clinic a position he held unt i l the early 1950s.

Donald

Otis Pharaoh AA, DC, PhC, was born in

Worchester, Massachusetts on 27 August 1914. He grew up

in Riverside, California, graduated from Riverside Junior

College and attended the University of California at Los

Angeles. Playing semi-professional football, he sustained a

back

injury which

led

him

to chiropractic. He graduated

from

the PSC i n 1936, practised for a short time in California before

moving to Sydney, Australia, where he purchased the practice

of Lucil le

Mu i r

DC, located at 155

K i ng

Street, and operated

the practice as Scientific Chiropractic Health Service in

partnership

wi th

Cloy Lee Francis, DC. He practised there

for about a year before returning to Palmer for post-graduate

studies on 7 December 1937, having sold his practice to

Will iam

Hyde, DC. Pharaoh

became

a member

of

the faculty

in

1938 teaching

Anatomy,

Histology, and acting as

Athletic

Director. He authored 2 books. Correlative Chiropractic

Hygiene

in 1946 and Chiropractic

Orthopedy

in 1956 as

Volume 34 of the Palmer Green Books. In 1957 he became

the founder and faculty advisor of Pi Tau Delta, a national

chiropractic

honor society, o f which one of the authors (REP)

was one of the first inductees in the same year. Pharaoh was

named Dean of Basic Sciences and remained on the faculty

unt i l his premature death on 30 September 1967, at the age

Faculty of Palmer School of Chiropractic 1906-1945

Documents

Transcript of Faculty of Palmer School of Chiropractic 1906-1945