Demonstration City I Dar es Salaam - TanzaniaDue to rapid urban growth and growing individual motorisation, the transport system in Dar Es Salaam suffers from chronic con-gestion. This has led Dar es Salaam City Council to introduce a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) scheme in 2016 (named DART). 140 fossil fuelled buses are currently running, connecting the city centre with the Western suburbs (phase 1). The existing BRT stations and terminals are therefore important transport hubs. Further plans include expansion to new routes and the addition of 150 buses, which could be powered by CNG. The city however also considers other sustainable solutions including electric mobility solutions (e.g. e-Feeder to BRT, e-BRT-Busses, e-bike sharing).

The demonstration project in Dar es Salaam will focus on integrating 60 electric feeder/e-3-wheeler and distribution services with Dar es Salaam’s BRT (DART) to support first/last mile connectivity. The e-3-wheelers (newly built 50 imported/provided by DART and 10 newly built with Valeo components), will be an integral part of public transport. Under SOLUTIONSplus, the de-ployment of e-3 wheelers will happen at 5 DART stations considering urban locations: a) in the city centre, where fossil-fuelled 3-wheelers are currently banned for environmental reasons and where accessibility to/from the BRT stations can be limited due to longer distances; b) in peri-urban areas where combustion-fuelled 3-wheelers are currently very common as feeder-modes.

Further aspects to be assessed under the demonstration relate to the battery type (fixed vs. battery swapping), ownership mo-dels (leasing/pay-per-use model), the use of existing telecom and power distribution boxes to accommodate vehicle charging, fleet bundling, and eco-routing. Interaction with the passengers and the system will be fostered through the SOLUTIONSplus-MaaS-smartphone application that will consider the growing smartphone ownership of Dar es Salaam’s population, to allow a maximum spread of the use and increase smart metering services. An open Application Program Interface (API) will be made available to allow 3rd-parties/software programmers to develop further services. The demonstration project will furthermore include local stakeholders as much as possible to increase the acceptance of the system: The current 3-wheeler market employs many people in Dar and the inclusion of current drivers will be a crucial target of the project. Furthermore, capacity building on sustainable maintenance of the vehicles will be carried out, building on the current structures of OEMs in Tanzania. Tanzania has already a high share of renewable energies through hydropower which will be used for the services.

FACTSHEET DAR ES SALAAM

E-mobility for last-mile connectivityThe approach/ innovative aspect• E-3-wheeler feeder and distribution services in DART stations• Business models for vehicle ownership, rental, and maintenance• Use telecom and power distribution boxes for vehicle charging• Subsequently, a masterplan for the introduction of 3-wheelers is developed

Activities• Data collection using geo localization-devices• MaaS-smartphone application• Inclusive and participatory approach towards assessment, and recommendations building

Demonstration actions

50 imported e-3-wheelers 10 prototypes (incl. business model)

Smart battery swapping Charging at hubs

Integrated e-3-wheelers at 5 BRT stationsSOL+ MaaS App

Demonstration City I Hamburg - GermanyHamburg, officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, is one of Germany´s 16 federal states and, with a population of over 1.8 Mio, the second-largest city in Germany and 8th largest in the European Union. The city‘s metropolitan region is home to more than five million people. Hamburg’s transport sector is responsible for 27% of the cities direct emissions (BUE n.d.), and although the share of private motor vehicle trips is decreasing, the overall number of travelled passenger kilometres is expected to increa-se. In terms of air pollution Hamburg is ranked as one of the of the worst performing cities of Germany (Urbanista 2017). One ma-jor source for air pollution is the port of Hamburg, being one of the biggest in Europe and located in the city centre; around one third of nitrogen oxide pollution can be attributed to it (SZ 2019). Apart from measures targeting vessel and port management, Hamburg implemented also measures to reduce noise and air pollution by enhancing the general (road) traffic situation, e.g. using emission free vehicles in public transport, improving the cycling infrastructure, or set-up of intermodal sharing systems. It has set a goal to reduce overall CO2-emissions by 40 per cent in 2020 and 55 per cent in 2030.

E-Mobility for last-mile connectivityThe public transport operator (Hochbahn) will develop an e-scooter sharing system with support of the project (50 e-scooter co-funded by the project and the city), which will aim to test an incentive and pricing scheme that complements the public transport system and coverage rather than competing with it.

The introduction of charging solutions (T-Systems), smart last-mile services in the peri-urban (SOLUTIONSplus Maas App) will be part of demonstration activities. This will also analyse the complementarities of potential business models.

FACTSHEET HAMBURG

E-mobility for Last-mile Connectivity

The approach/ innovative aspect• Overall goal of supporting the overall public transport system rather than competing with it• Solutions that increase the connectivity of peri-urban areas will be featured

Activities• Support the introduction of an e-scooter sharing system to test an incentive and pricing scheme that shall complement the overall public transport system• The pilot will also feature the introduction of charging solutions, as well as smart last-mile services – through the SOL+ MaaS app in peri-urban areas

Demonstration actions and support teams

50 e-scooterCharging solutionsBusiness model for PT-owned E-scooter sharing systems

Last-mile servicers in the peri-urban areaSOL+ MaaS App

Fact and figures• The City of Hamburg is home to 1,8 million people. It is estimated that 300,000 com muting trips into the city are conducted daily. • There are approximately 2,500 electric vehicles plying within the Hamburg Metropolitan Region, half of belong to corporate fleets• The City Government is committed to procuring only emissions-free buses by 2020• The electricity used in the city’s charging points is 100% produced through renewable energy sources• By 2019, the charging infrastructure is targeted to be expanded to up to 1,000 charging points

Demonstration City I Hanoi - Vietnam

E-mobility for last-mile connectivityThe approach/ innovative aspect• Shared E-scooter system as last-mile connectivity and docking-cum-charging stations at BRT stations and the forthcoming metro rail• Contactless payment• Battery swapping technologies, telecom and power distribution boxes to accommodate vehicle charging

Activities• Smart services, fleet bundling, e-scooter• GPS positioning that support eco-routing

Demonstration actions

20 E-minibuses provided by the city and Vinfast

Fast charging for E-bus and E-minibuses

Smart services(apps, smart card)

State-of-the-art 10 docking-cum-charging stations

Battery swapping technologies

The City of Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam, and is home to approximately 7.7 million residents and is the second most populated city in the country (around 8% of the total population of Vietnam). It features an urban area roughly 320 sq. km in size.[1] The city is also the cultural, commercial and educational centre of Northern Vietnam. Its economy is primarily based on tertiary sector industries, and has robustly grown in the last years (7.6% growth in 2018; 21.6% export growth in 2018) (Voice of Vietnam, 2019). The Hanoi Capital Region (or the Hanoi Metropolitan Area) is composed of the City of Hanoi and its adjacent municipalities, and is home to 16.1 million inhabitants (24 thousand sq.km). It is estimated that 11.5 million trips are conducted each day in the city. Public transport is only estimated to account for 10% of the trips as passenger transport demand is met primarily by private motorized two-wheelers (Ahn, 2019). This mode share has essentially stayed at 10% since 2010 (Molt, 2010 as quoted in Allaire, 2012).

The demonstration project will focus on boosting the ridership and effectiveness of the currently running BRT and the forth-coming metro rail with a 200 shared E-scooter system (associated partner Bosch) as last-mile connectivity. This project will also include 20 E-mini-buses provided by the city and Vinfast, for which fast charging solutions (ABB) will be tested. The shared Escooter system will be equipped with state-of-the-art 10 docking-cum-charging stations, contactless payment and will be de-veloped that provides a hassle-free experience of e-mobility and clubbing it with longer trips on public transport. The project will be a win-win for both public transport and e mobility. A technical support team will design and develop vehicles that are tailored for the local context and operated under the oversight of the local public transport operator and the city of Hanoi. The project will experiment innovative business models on E-minibuses and charging solutions, such as battery swapping technologies, using existing telecom and power distribution boxes to accommodate vehicle charging.

Smart services, fleet bundling, E-scooter GPS positioning that support eco-routing will also be the part of the project (SOL+ MaaS App). The demonstration project will have a high potential to not only make emobility attractive but also reduce the GHG emissi-ons from transport and increasing the share of public transport use.

FACTSHEET HANOI

Demonstration City I Kathmandu - Nepal

E-mobility in public transportationThe approach/ innovative aspect• Demonstrate different EVs to enhance public transport, charging solutions and services• Integrate renewable in charging system• Convert 2 diesel buses to E-buses• E-3-wheelers business model - battery leasing/pay-per-use model• Introduce new and remodeled E-3-wheelers, E-scooters, E-minibus for last mile solutions• E-scooters - GPS positioning, contactless payments and docking stationsFact and figures

• No fuel reserves• Major part of electricity - hydropower• National policies favouring EVs• Poor charging infrastructure

Demonstration actions

Convert 2 diesel buses to E-buses

Business model for retrofitting E-buses

SOL+ Maas App

5 E-minibusesFast charging for E-bus and E-minibuses

Smart services(apps, smart card)

30 new and 50 re-modelled E-3-wheelers

Li-ion battery swapping Fleet management

20 E-scooters2 docking-cum charging for E-scooters

Business model on energy integration

In Kathmandu, a demonstration action will contribute to create an ecosystem for electric mobility in Kathmandu by demonstra-ting different EVs to enhance public transport, as well as suitable charging solutions and related services. It will support the integration of several innovative last-mile solutions such as 30 new and 50 remodelled E-3-wheelers (for public transport) and 20 E-scooters/e-bikes (provided by the city/ Valeo) with 5 E-minibuses, (e.g. 8-meter length) (co-funded by the city), the buses in use currently and forthcoming E-buses. 2 diesel buses will be converted to E-buses replacing the drive system (motor, transmission and rear axle) and the suitable business model will be developed. The E-buses/E-minibuses and E-3-wheelers (refurbished and new with an innovative Valeo 48V all-electric prototype) are planned to run on the existing routes. As charging infrastructure is poor or non-existent in public, suitable options for charging EVs and batteries will be suggested. E-buses and E-minibuses with Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery large enough to allow for the daily operati-on (without charging) up to 14 hours will be sought, together with charging strategies such as plug-in overnight charging located in the depot. Several existing E-3-wheelers will be remodelled - mainly converting lead-acid batteries into Li-ion batteries and refurbishing the chassis, assembling the vehicle parts locally. New E-3-wheelers with Li-ion batteries and fast charging system will be introduced together with innovative business model, such as battery leasing/pay-per-use model. This will provide better services for E-3-wheelers as public transportation in the city. E-scooters/e-bike sharing system, that reduce the dependence on owning private vehicles, will also be sought in the demonstration project with state-of the-art technologies such as GPS positio-ning, contactless payments and 2 docking stations integrated into charging facilities.

FACTSHEET KATHMANDU

Demonstration City I Kigali - RwandaAs the country’s commercial and administrative hub, Kigali is rapidly urbanizing as a result of a growing population and increa-sing economic activities (World Population Review, 2019). Consequently, the city’s major economic sectors are challenged with issues ranging from congestion, pollution, deteriorating infrastructure, among others. The transport and energy sectors, espe-cially, have become stressed over the years, thus, prompting major reforms. It is estimated that Rwanda’s electricity mix is about 52% hydro and 48% percent thermal, with thermal power generated using imported diesel fuel.

E-mobility for last-mile connectivityThe demonstration action focuses on e-mobility for last-mile connectivity. It will have a systemic approach integrating the plan-ned BRT, with the introduction of e-buses in combination with electrified feeder-services provided by 30 e-moto taxi (20 new and 10 remodelled) and 100 e-bikes (shared with Bosch components) that support first/last mile connectivity. With support from city authorities, transport operators and bus manufacturing companies, a suitable business model for e-Buses for the city’s current bus transport administration will be explored. Expectedly, the project will create a good precursor to public transport electrifica-tion in Kigali. The business model for e-moto taxi will also be developed in the demonstration project. Together with riders, trans-port associations and other relevant institutions, 10 existing motorcycles will also be remodelled into e-motorcycles – with the possibility to easily swap and charge batteries (Lithium-ion) and considering local-EU prototypes with Valeo 48V. The demonstra-tion project will also test the establishment of an e-bike sharing scheme along the most widely used bus corridors with charging points fitted with solar power energy to provide seamless charging service to riders and patrons. For the wider use of e-moto taxis and e-bikes, smart services applications will be explored that support eco-routing.

FACTSHEET KIGALI

E-mobility for last-mile connectivity

The approach/ innovative aspect• Business model exploration for integrating e-buses into the current bus transport administration• E-moto (new and remodeled) with swap and charge batteries (Lithium-ion)• Support last mile connectivity• E-bike sharing with solar power energy to provide seamless charging service• Provision of support for the installation of faster charger infrastructure

Activities• Involve local investors such as Ampersand for e-moto taxi• Ex-post evaluation: EV feasibility, charging, infrastructure utilisation, emission reduction• Smart services - eco-routing

Demonstration actions

E-bike sharing system to support first/last mile connectivity 100 local EU bikes

Charging stationsSharing models

Smart services(apps, smart card)SOL+ MaaS App

30 e-moto-taxis 20 new and 10 remodelled local EU prototypes

E-moto taxis business modelsPhysical and fare Integration of E-moto taxis at 5 BRT stationsSOL+ MaaS App

Demonstration City I Madrid - SpainCutting-edge technology for smart charging

Given that by the end of 2020, Madrid will have 93 e-buses running in the city, measures to provide adequate and efficient char-ging will be needed. Five inductive charging points have already been implemented in the city and the buses to be purchased during 2019 will have the capability of off-board opportunity charging. Thus, the pilot will focus on the following measures: 1) Development of software to monitor and control the power network for charging stations and e-buses, maximizing bus availa-bility and operational efficiency. 2) Purchase and installation of 2 (two) inverted pantographs for opportunity charging with a modular design offering charging power of 150kW, 300kW, 450kW and 600kW, enabling charging times of 3-6 minutes using a low-cost and low-weight interface on the roof of the bus. These will be the first inverted pantographs installed in the city. Besides increasing the power and thus the speed of each charge, the smart and wireless characteristics of this equipment, will increase the efficiency and safety of the charging process.

FACTSHEET MADRID

Cutting-edge Technology for Smart Charging

The approach/ innovative aspect• Cutting-edge smart charging technologies that will support the uptake of e-buses in the city by enabling charging times of 3-6 minutes using a low-cost and low weight interface on the roof of the bus• Development of software that will monitor and control the power network for the charging stations, and thus assist in the maximization of bus availability and operational efficiency

Activities• Development of software to monitor and control the power network for charging stations and e-buses (SOL + MaaS App)• Inverted pantographs for opportunity charging with modular design offering charging power of 150 kW, 300 kW, 450 kW and 600kW• Business model development for e-taxis and e-car sharing• Formulation of realistic medium and long-term bus fleet electrification plan• Research and formulation of regulations necessary for zero emission zones

Demonstration actions and support teams

10 e-buses 2 inverted pantographs for e-buses SOL+ MaaS app

Demonstration City I Montevideo - UruguayMontevideo, the capital city of Uruguay, has a population of 1.3 million, more than 30% of the country’s population. Uruguay’s GDP per capita is US$16.245, which is amongst the highest in the region. In 2014, its per capita CO2 emissions were 2 tonnes. Uru-guay has undergone a structural transformation of its electricity system, as such more than 90% of the electricity generated now comes from renewable sources. Transportation is the sector with the second highest energy consumption in Uruguay and is the main consumer of petroleum derivatives and the largest emitter of CO2 (MIEM n.d). This can be explained by the fact that 82% of the motorised trips are completed in private vehicles with an average annual growth of the light-duty vehicle fleet of 7%.

Cost-efficient and smart charging solutions The planned demo action consists of assisting with the construction of a high-capacity bus depot to charge the existing and planned e-buses overnight, taking advantage of the electricity oversupply and a reduced electricity price at night. Once the demo action starts, there will already be 30 e-buses running in Montevideo and the bidding process for the next 40 will have started. The high-capacity bus depot will integrate efficient and cost-effective smart charging solutions compliant with Combined Char-ging Standard (CCS) and Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP).

This will allow charging of up to 3 buses with 1 charger, i.e., 3 compact boxes powered by one charge cabinet that will charge 3 buses sequentially (up to 150 kW per bus) with all buses being charged within 6 hours. The main advantage of implementing this type of equipment is that the required grid connection is smaller, reducing initial investments and operational costs. The depot will serve a double purpose, as during daytime 10 E-taxis (provided by city/taxi) will have access to 15-30 minutes charges in the multi-standard 50 kW fast charging stations provided (ABB). Moreover, the possibility of installing opportunity fast chargers in the most travelled streets for buses to charge for 3-6 minutes on-route will be explored. These solutions can easily be integrated in existing operations by installing inverted pantographs and chargers at terminals and intermediate stops. Finally, a real-time platform for reliable and secure operation of electrical power networks, ranging from generation, transmission and distribution to e-buses will be developed to improve the system management. IDIADA will support the charging standardization.

FACTSHEET MONTEVIDEO

Activities• Support to the integration of multi-standard fast chargers in the high capacity depot• Investigation of feasibility of installing opportunity chargers along bus routes• A real-time platform for reliable and secure operation of electrical power networks, ranging from generation, transmission and distribution to e-buses will be developed

Fact and figures• Over 90% of the electricity generated in Uruguay comes from renewable sources• Fifty-five percent (55%) of the fuel combustion-related GHGs in Uruguay are from the transport sector• The light-duty vehicle fleet in the country has been growing at 7% in the recent past

Demonstration actions and support teams

E-taxisMulti-standard 50 kw fast charging for e-taxis

Bus and taxi charging integration

Business model for e-BRT systems

Fast charging Charging standardisation

SOL+ MaaS App

E-busesFast-charging Charging operations management

Demonstration City I Pasig - PhilippinesThe City of Pasig is a highly urbanized city within the heart of Metro Manila, Philippines. It has a population of 755 thousand which is about 5% of the total population of Metro Manila, according to the 2015 National Census. Its land area covers 34.32 sq. km. which is comprised of 30 barangays – smallest administrative division in the Philippines. The calculated urban population density is 22,008 inhabitants per sq.km (Pasig City, 2019).

Shared Use of E-cargo QuadricyclesThe demonstration in Pasig will focus on integrated and shared urban logistics solutions, as well as investigate the potential for public charging solutions. The activities on-the-ground will also include those that aim at improving the enabling conditions for e-mobility, and enhancing local capacities related to e-mobility. The quadricycle will also be designed to have a base that can carry different types of cargo, and can be utilized to fit a cargo box that can be transferred into other, larger vehicles.

The SOL+ project will support local SME/s that will be selected to design and produce the quadricycle/s. The design process will take into consideration the needs of the primary intended users, and will utilize a combination of European (e.g. Valeo motor), regional, and local components. The vehicles will also be equipped with appropriate sensors that can provide vital information needed for assessing the performance of the vehicles (e.g. for recording geo-spatial information, battery and motor performance, among others). Digital solutions that would help the fleet owner (e.g. PHLPost) will be developed as well.

Flexible Electric VanSOL+ will also be supporting a proposal being led by the De Lasalle University to a funding mechanism of the Department of Science and Technology to develop a “flexible electric van” (FLEV proposal) which features a chassis that can be used for multiple purposes (e.g. passenger/ cargo). Essentially, the vision is to make the FLEV also compatible for handling the cargo boxes to be used in the SOL+ quadricycles. SOL+ can provide a couple of units of the Valeo motors to the FLEV proposal. SOL+ (through the city equipment budget) can also purchase a unit of the FLEV for the use of PHLPost, which can replace one of their dilapidated minivans.

FACTSHEET PASIG

Activities• Technical assistance to develop necessary local ordinances• Capacity building/ training• Development of smart service app and GPS and controlling center (MaaS App)

Fact and figures• Net importer of fossil fuel• National Policies favouring EVs• Pasig city implemented several sustainable transport initiatives.

Demonstration actions

E-cargo Quadricycles and Flexible Electric Van

MaaS App

Demonstration City I Quito - EcuadorThe Metropolitan District of Quito (MDMQ), the capital and largest city of Ecuador, has 2.7 million inhabitants. Since 1995, Quito has a BRT system composed of 5 lines, one of which runs with trolleybuses. Despite its continuous expansion, the system has already reached capacity and 40% of its fleet will soon reach the end of its useful life. As part of international negotiations, Quito committed to replace the BRT fleet with e-buses by 2025 to achieve the goal of zero emissions by 2030. In order to achieve this, an ordinance for the gradual decarbonisation of transport in Quito is currently (November 2019) being discussed in the Municipal Council.

Multimodal E-Mobility hub in the zero-emission zone of the Historic Centre The multimodal e-mobility hub to be implemented in Quito will be carried out in the Historic Centre of Quito (HCQ), a UNESCO World Heritage Site, which aims to become a low- emissions zone (LEZ), primarily accessed by clean public transport vehicles, pedestrians and bicycles. In this context, the multi-modal e-mobility hub to be established will contribute to the consolidation of the planned LEZ in the HCQ and the integration of the existing mass transit lines. The multimodal e-mobility hub in the HCQ’s LEZ will take advantage of the existing electric infrastructure of the trolleybus and the subway systems in the area to create mul-timodal charging points.

The demonstration activities in Quito will focus on creating connectivity between transport lines and stations with various e-mo-bility solutions in order to contribute to the consolidation of the LEZ in the HCQ. Moreover, the commercial and touristic character of the HCQ and the narrowness of its streets require the introduction of small e-cargo vehicles to transport goods within the area. As such, the introduction of sixty (60) e-bikes (for the bike sharing system), thirty (30) e-tuk-tuks for passengers wanting to trans-fer quickly from one corridor to the other, and thirty (30) e-cargo bikes for last mile e-delivery services will be considered. In order to comply with the charging requirements of the EVs circulating in the area, the action will take advantage of the DC (Direct Cur-rent)-Grid to which the trolleybus catenaries and the subway are connected. Cost-effective multi-standard DC charging points will be strategically positioned to provide on-street fast charging services for 2- and 3-wheelers. Moreover, the possibility of installing one fast charging point for e- (BRT) buses will in the BRT terminal La Marín to charge in 10 to 20 minutes will be analysed. Final-ly, the demonstration activities in Quito will be used to test solutions for hilly cities, which later could be replicated in cities like Bogotá and La Paz, to name a few.

FACTSHEET QUITO

Activities• Cost-effective multi-standard 10 DC charging points will be strategically positioned to provide on-street fast charging services for 2- and 3-wheelers• One fast charging point will be installed in the BRT terminal La Marín for e-BRT buses• Sixty (60) e-bikes, 20 e-tuk-tuks, 10 e-buses, and 10 e-cargo bikes will be introduced

Fact and figures• Since 2015, tax incentives have been provided for the purchase of e-vehicles• By 2020, the Historic Centre of Quito is aimed to be a zero-emissions area• Since 2015, tax incentives have been provided for the purchase of e-vehicles

Demonstration actions and support teams

60 e-bikes for a sharing system

10 DC charging points for e-2-wheelers

Passenger and freight integration

30 e-cargo bikes10 DC charging points for e-cargo bikes

SOL+ MaaS App

10 e-buses Charging integration for last-mile vehicles

20 e-3-wheelers10 DC charging points for e-3-wheelers

Charging integration for last-mile vehicles